Trade Routes Major Trade Patterns in the Eastern Hemisphere from 1000 to 1500 AD.

Trade Routes

Major Trade Patterns in the Eastern Hemisphere from 1000 to 1500 AD

Silk Road Trading• Where did the Silk Roads start? Where did

they end?

• What goods came from China?

porcelainpaper—traveled through Muslim world to Byzantium and Western Europe

compass—used by travelers to figure out what direction they were going

textiles—fabric for clothes; silk

Ideas from China

Buddhism—which spread from India to China then spread from China to Korea and Japan

Printing spread from China

Paper money spread from China

Indian Ocean Trading• Maritime routes—trading across oceans, not

land

• Where will the ships travel?

• What goods and ideas will they carry?

Textiles—made from silk, wool and cotton

Crops for making sugar

Lateen sail Spices—from islands in the Indian Ocean

Ideas from India

• What two religions started in India and spread to Southwest Asia?

Trans-Saharan Trade Routes• Trans means across,

so across the Sahara Desert

• How will traders cross the desert?

• What very valuable good will come from West Africa?

European Trade Routes• Northern Europe connects to the Black

Sea

• Western Europe used rivers and seas for trade

Amber from Scandinavia

Water Wheels and Wind Mills• Important technology for Medieval Europe: Important technology for Medieval Europe:

When the Black Death killed so many When the Black Death killed so many people, technology that could replace people, technology that could replace human work became even more importanthuman work became even more important

Early windmills were used to grind grain. They may have come from Persia.

Water wheels were used for mining.

Middle East Trading of Goods and Ideas

• Textiles from the Middle East

• Porcelain from Persia

• Islam spreads into West Africa and Central and Southeast Asia

Trade Influenced on Japan

From China, Japan got . . .

writing—Japanese did not have a system for writing, so they borrowed the Chinese characters

Chinese architecture was brought to Japan by Korean architects

Buddhism comes to Japan; coexists with Shintoism

Shintoism• Shintoism is an ethnic religion unique to Japan

—it did NOT spread

• In Shintoism, nature and natural forces are In Shintoism, nature and natural forces are very important. Shintos believe that kamis very important. Shintos believe that kamis (gods) reside in nature. Ancestors and the (gods) reside in nature. Ancestors and the emperor are also important and are emperor are also important and are worshipped.worshipped.

African Civilizations

Axum• Draw and label Draw and label

the Nile River on the Nile River on your map.your map.

• Label the Label the Ethiopian Ethiopian Highlands on Highlands on your map.your map.

• Label Axum on Label Axum on your map.your map.

Axum

Axum

• Axum was a Christian Kingdom. Today it Axum was a Christian Kingdom. Today it is Ethiopia.is Ethiopia.

• Axum conquered the Kush in 350 AD.Axum conquered the Kush in 350 AD.

• Why would a kingdom be located here?Why would a kingdom be located here?

• Why would this kingdom by Christian?Why would this kingdom by Christian?

Axum

This stele marks a king’s tomb. It is thought to show the way to heaven. What civilization wrote the first laws on a stele? What were those law’s called?

Axum Tsion—the oldest Christian church in Ethiopia.

Zimbabwe• Draw and label the Draw and label the

Limpopo and Limpopo and Zambezi Rivers.Zambezi Rivers.

• Label the Indian Label the Indian Coast.Coast.

• Label Great Label Great Zimbabwe.Zimbabwe.

Zimbabwe

Great Zimbabwe

• Great Zimbabwe was a rich city between Great Zimbabwe was a rich city between 1000 and 1400 AD because of trade in:1000 and 1400 AD because of trade in:

Gold Copper

Great Zimbabwe

• The Shona The Shona people lived in people lived in Great Great Zimbabwe.Zimbabwe.

• They built huge They built huge walls of stone walls of stone that were up to that were up to 32 feet tall.32 feet tall.

West African Kingdoms• Draw and label Draw and label

the kingdoms of the kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Ghana, Mali and Songhai on your Songhai on your map.map.

• Draw and label Draw and label the Niger River.the Niger River.

• Label the Label the Sahara Desert.Sahara Desert.

Trans-Saharan Trade Routes

• Trade routes go from West to East.

• Trade routes also go North to South.

Trading Two Very Important Goods

Ghana as a Center of TradeGhana as a Center of Trade

• Gold came from the land South of Ghana. Gold came from the land South of Ghana.

• Salt came from the Sahara Desert North of Ghana.Salt came from the Sahara Desert North of Ghana.

• Neither came from Ghana itself. How did Ghana make Neither came from Ghana itself. How did Ghana make money from gold and salt then?money from gold and salt then?

• TAXES!!!!!! Traders had to pay a tax when they entered TAXES!!!!!! Traders had to pay a tax when they entered Ghana and when they left Ghana. Ghana became very Ghana and when they left Ghana. Ghana became very rich.rich.

Why salt?

• Gold was used by the people in Muslim lands and Italy Gold was used by the people in Muslim lands and Italy who made coins from gold.who made coins from gold.

• Muslims used gold to buy silk and porcelain from China.Muslims used gold to buy silk and porcelain from China.

• But why salt?But why salt?

• Salt was very valuable:Salt was very valuable:– When people live in hot places, they sweat a lot. They When people live in hot places, they sweat a lot. They

lose salt when they sweat. Bodies need to replace this lose salt when they sweat. Bodies need to replace this salt.salt.

– Salt helps to preserve meat so that it doesn’t rot so Salt helps to preserve meat so that it doesn’t rot so fast.fast.

– Cows need salt and many people raised cows.Cows need salt and many people raised cows.

Timbuktu

• This city was an important center of trade This city was an important center of trade and learning in the Mali Empire.and learning in the Mali Empire.

• One of the first universities was located One of the first universities was located here.here.

Religious Beliefs in West Africa

• West Africans kept many of their own beliefs, West Africans kept many of their own beliefs, like animism.like animism.

• Animism is the belief that all nature objects have Animism is the belief that all nature objects have souls, or they are alive. This is similar to the souls, or they are alive. This is similar to the ______________ beliefs of Japan.______________ beliefs of Japan.

• Islam spread through North Africa and was also Islam spread through North Africa and was also important in Ghana, Mali and Songhai.important in Ghana, Mali and Songhai.

• Many people who converted to Islam kept their Many people who converted to Islam kept their beliefs in animism.beliefs in animism.