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TRADE MARKS, GEOGRAPHICAL
INDICATIONS, COLLECTIVE MARKS,
CERTIFICATION MARKS
by
Chander M. Lall
Lall & Sethi Advocates
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In terms of cultural and linguistic diversity it is second only to the African continent. Over 40% speak Hindi, 8% Bengali, 7 % Telugu, 7% Marathi, 6% Tamil, 5% Urdu, 4.5% Gujarati and remaining 24% speak 22 other
languages
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Mumbai & Delhi have a combined population of over 27 million people
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Has the 4th largest railroad network in the world
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Has the 3rd largest road networks in the world
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Our 4 IP under discussion today
–Trade Marks source identifier
–GI geography identifier
–Collective Mark group identifier
–Certification Mark quality identiferBa
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TM What is a Trade Mark / Brand
An invisible link between the product source (known or unknown) and the consumer
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What constitutes a Trade Mark / Brand ?
word slogan GUCCI
device
label
Name Numerals
Product Shape
Sound
Character
signature
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Purpose of a Trade Mark
• Helps a customer identify the source of the
goods
• Distinguishes the goods manufactured by a
particular manufacturer from the competition
• Serves as a powerful marketing tool
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USE not Registration the
Key... • The existence and life of a trade mark depends
on use.
• Registration provides additional remedy of
infringement only.
• In Civil law countries, registration is essential.
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• U.S. Company allowed its registration for
WHIRLPOOL for washing machines expire in 1977
for non filing of renewal
• An Indian company applied for registration of
WHIRLPOOL for washing machines in 1986
• U.S. Company opposed the mark of the Indian
company but the Registrar held that that U.S.
Company could not establish its rights in India.
Opposition failed. Mark of Indian company
proceeded to regisration.
N.R. Dongre v Whirlpool Corp.
[1996 (7) JT (SC) 555
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N.R. Dongre v Whirlpool Corp.
[1996 (7) JT (SC) 555
• Whirlpool wanted to make an entry into India in
1994 but owing to Indian company’s registration, it
was compelled to negotiate
• Indian company demanded US$ 30 million. It
threatened to sue the U.S. company for infringement
if they launched in India
• Whirlpool U.S.A. sued the Indian company for
passing off and unfair competition
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N.R. Dongre v Whirlpool Corp.
[1996 (7) JT (SC) 555
• Court held in favour of the U.S. Company holding :
A registration is not a defense to a claim to
passing off
The U.S. company has been able to show
reputation and its spill over into India
The adoption of the mark by the Indian company
was clearly in bad faith.
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N.R. Dongre v Whirlpool Corp.
[1996 (7) JT (SC) 555
• Court held in favour of the U.S. Company holding :
A registration is not a defense to a claim to
passing off
The U.S. company has been able to show
reputation and its spill over into India
The adoption of the mark by the Indian company
was clearly in bad faith.
advertising in international magazines, having
limited circulation in India
Sales to the US Embassy and subsequent sales
in auction to the public
Travels of Indians abroad and foreigners to
India
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Hardie Trading Limited v.
Addissons Paints & Chemicals
[2003 (27) PTC 241 (SC)]
The use of a mark may be other than in physical
relation to goods. It may be in any other relation to the
goods. Therefore, there is no reason to limit the user to
use on goods or to sale of goods bearing the Trade
Mark.
The intention to abandon is an essential component
of non-use for the purposes of section 46 (1) of the
Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958.
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Darjeeling Tea (word & logo) Agricultural West Bengal
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Aranmula Kannad- Handicraft Kerala
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Pochampalli Ikat Handicraft Andhra Pradesh
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Chanderi Fabric Handicraft Madhya Pradesh
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Solapur Chaddar Handicraft Maharashtra
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Solapur Terry Towel Handicraft Maharashtra
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Kotpad Handloom fabric Handicraft Orissa
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Mysore Silk Handicraft Karnataka
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Kota Doria Handicraft Rajasthan
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Kancheepuram Silk Handicraft Tamil Nadu
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Bhavani Jamakkalam Handicraft Tamil Nadu
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Byadagi Chilli Agricultural Karnataka
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Tirupathi Laddu -Foodstuff -Andhra Pradesh
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Mango Malihabadi Dusseheri Agricultural Uttar Pradesh
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Naga Mircha Agricultural Nagaland
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Thanjavur Doll Handicraft Tamil Nadu
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Bastar Wooden Craft Handicraft Chattisgarh
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Sikki Grass Work of Bihar Handicraft Bihar
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Lucknow Chikan Craft Handicraft Uttar Pradesh
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Kashmir Pashmina Handicraft Jammu & Kashmir
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Leather Toys of Indore Handicraft Madhya Pradesh
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Blue Pottery of Jaipur Handicraft Rajasthan
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Silver Filigree of Karimnagar-
Handicraft Andhra Pradesh
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Hadagali Jasmine-Agricultural-
Karnataka
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Monsooned Malabar Arabica Coffee
Agricultural
Karnataka
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Sankheda Furniture Handicraft
Gujarat
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Pipli Applique Work Handicraft
Orissa
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Pembarthi Metal Craft Handicraft
Andhra Pradesh
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Mysore Rosewood Inlay Handicraft
Karnataka
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KANGRA TEA AGRICULTURAL
HIMACHAL PRADESH
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Coimbatore Wet Grinder Manufactured Tamil
Nadu
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Mysore Traditional Paintings
Handicraft Karnataka
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Kasuti Embroidery Handicraft
Karnataka
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Thanjavur Art Plate Handicraft
Tamil Nadu
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Bagh Prints of Madhya Pradesh
Handicraft Madhya Pradesh
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Kashmir Sozani Craft-Handicraft
Jammu &
Kashmir
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CERTIFICATION MARKS
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CERTIFICATION MARKS
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CERTIFICATION MARKS
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CERTIFICATION MARKS
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CERTIFICATION MARKS
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Collective Marks- Chartered
Accountants Association
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Collective Marks- Indian Red Cross
Society
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Collective Marks- All India Council
for Technical Education
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Collective Marks- Vascular Society
of India
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