?PtJ 4Z1911 Tracts on early printing. 1. List of the founts of type and woodcut devices used by the printers of the Southern Netherlands in the fifteenth century. r)c.ient Jill 11 Ill 11 Ill Illill IIIIIIIIIIIIII III 0000005539543 Privately printed; London, 1395.
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?PtJ 4Z1911
Tracts on early printing.
1.
List of the founts of typeand woodcut devices used by the
printers of the Southern Netherlandsin the fifteenth century.
Holtrop (MT. P . 47) appears to be mistaken in sayingthat this type is used in the table of the Ang. de Aretio.
'Mr. Bradshaw assigned the first use of this type to4 Nov. 1478, at Utrecht : but it seems impossible to assign acalendar to a later date than the year to which it bclongs
19
ii. Louvain (after 7 Aug. 1474)—continued.
2. 7olin of Westfthalia (9 Dec. 1474).
Type 1A (brought from Alost:9 Dec. 1474). MT. 49a. P. deCrescentiis, Ruralia commoda.
Type i1A with different A28 Apr. 1475). MT. 49b. Mills,Repertorium.
Type 2 (21 Nov. 1475). MT. 49e.Andreae, super arboribus [1480].
Type 3 (1482). MT. 50b. Scalacaeli [1485].
Type 4 (1483). MT. 5oa. Aen.Syluius, Epistulae.'
Type 5 (7 Nov. 1496). MT. 50C 2.Anna, Legenda.
See Note B.Used in Pet. de Aliaco, Imago mundi (CA. 143), which
is earlier, but undated. See also Note B.
b2
20
ii. Louvain (after 7 Aug. 1474)—continued.
Type 6 (). MT. 5ia. Dirckvan Munster, Spieghel der ker-SLCI1CI1 menschen.
Device i (21 Nov. 1475). MT. 49d[no date].
3 . Conrad J3racm
Type iMT. 52a. Aristotle,Analytica priora.
Type 2 (Press 1, type 3 : 1479).MT. 59b. Lanfrancus, Chirurgia[29 Nov. 14811.
Device None known.
.i. Conrad of LVcstj5/ia/ia, Second ftrcss (i Dec.I476).
Type 2 (i Dec. 1476). M. 53a1.Manckcn, cpistulares formulae.
bce Note B.
ii. Louvain (after 7 Aug. 1474)—corn'thued.
Type 3 (). MT. 52C. Hugode S. Victore, super officio missae.
Device i (i Dec. 1476). MT. 53a4;a copy of that used by John ofWestphalia.
5. Ilermann of Nassau and Rodoiplius Loe/Jsde Driel (1483).
Type (the Audenarde type 1 :1483).
V1F. 54b. L. Valla, de uero bono,etc.
Device: None known.
6. Rodoiphus Loeffs de Dr/el (6 Feb. 1484).
Type i (Press 5, type i: 6 Feb. I489.i\IT. 54c. Bottonus, Casus longisuper decretales.
Type 2 (). MT. 45d (line i).Statuta synodalia.
Device: None known.
22
ii. Louvain (after 7 Aug. 1474)_continued.
7. 7an Veldener, from Kuilenburg, Fourthpress (not before 1484).
Type 7 (not before 1484). PIT. i 16,2a (line i).Herbarius in latino[edition B]placed among theKuilenburg facsimiles.
Type 8 (not before 1484, but before8 June 1486). MT. ii6, 2a (allexcept Zinc i). Herbarius in latino[edition B] ; placed among theKuilenburg facsimiles.
Type 9 (). MT. 47, a. Alpha-betum diuini amoris.
Device(not before 1484). MT.i 16, 2b. Herbarius in latino[edition B] ; placed among theKuilenburg facsimiles.
23
ii. Louvain (after 7 Aug. 1470_canlinued.
S. Aegidius van der Bee rstrat'en (6 July
1485).Type i (6 July 1485).MT. 55a.
Beetz, super decalogum [19 Apr.
1486].
Type 2 (Press 7, type 8: S June 1486).
MT. 55C. Caepolla, cautelae.
Device: None known.
. Ludovicus Ravescoz (1487, after Sept. 9).
Type i (Press I, type 4 : [after
9 Sept.] 1487). MT. 57a 2. P. deRiuo, opus responsiuum [1488].
Device I (1488). MT. 57, below a 2.
P. de Riuo, opus responsiuum.
io. Printer of Scolus, Physiognomiz (1487).
Type i (Press 1, type 5). MT.59a. Scotus, physiognomia.
Device: None known.
I
24
rr. Louvain (after 7 Aug. 1474)—cothnued.
i . Tliierry .!War/ens, Four/h tress (1498).
Type 2 (from Antwerp: 29 May 1499).MT. 461) (Incipil). Chrysostom,de prouidentia dci [22 March1487 : no specimen among theLouvain facsimiles].
Type 3 (from Antwerp: 29 May 1499),MT. 46b (imprint). Chrysostom,de prouidentia dci [22 March1487: no specimen among the
Device 1 (28 June 1477). MT. 6oc.Boutillier, Somme rural [1479].
In Main Chartier's Quadrifogue.' MT. page 59; CA.no. 423.
26
iii. Bruges—commied.
2. William ('ax/on, First press (before1477).1
Type i (Press i, type 3). No fac-simile in MT. Blades (1861-3),pl. v. b. The recuyell of the his-tories of Troy.
Type 2 (Press r, type 2). No fac-simile in MT. Blades (1861-3),1)1. vu. (i).Propositio TohannisRussel.
Device: None known al this period.
'The following appears from Blades to be the history ofthe two Bruges Caxton-Mansion types
Press i, type 2 = Press 2, type 2. After being usedby Mansion for Les qua/re derrenieres choses[uneven lines], it was taken by Caxton to England.
Press i, type 3 = Press 2, type t. After being usedby Caxton for the Recuyell and other books, itwas left in Bruges by him and used by Mansionfor the Fats do Jason and Medi/acions sur letseN ;5saz,lmes fienitenciauIx [even lines].
27
iii. Bruges—continued.
3 , 701annes Brito ().Type i ( ). MT. 61b i (heading).
Gerson, Instruction.
Type 2 (). MT. 61b I (lexi).Gerson, Instruction.
Device: None known.
4 . 7ean Gossi)Z (not before 1484).Type r (Press i, type i). No
facsimile is given in MT. of thistype as used by Gossin.
Device: None known.
iv. Brussels (25 May 1476).
I- Fr/res uila,e communis (25 May 1476).Type A (25 May 1476), MT. 62a.
Gheilhoven, Gnotosolitos.1
Type IA has an additional S of a peculiar form. This isused in books printed from 1476 to 1481, but no example ofit is given in MT. It will also be noticed that in the MMW.copy of the Gnolosolitas (MT. 62 h) additional forms of Mand , perhaps also of A, occur, which are not found in theBRIT. copy (MT. 62a).
28
iv. Brussels (25 May I476)—conthiu'd.
Type 2 (25 May 1476).1 MT, 63a I
(i/ic smaller type). Legenda Hen-
rici imperatoris [1484].
Type 3 (after I481). Not given inMi7 Marone, sermones de tern-pore (headlines).
Type i B (Type i without additionalS; 1484). MT. 62c2. LcgendaH en rici i rnperatoris.
Type 4 (1484). MT. 63a i (Ike larger
Iyj5e). Legenda Henrici impera-
tot-is.
Device: None known.
Type a is used for the initial directors on ft. 5-13 of theGnotoscliios,
2 See the annexed photograph i.
29
v. Audenarde (1480).
i. Arend de Keysere, Firsi tress (1480).
Type i (1480). MT. 95a. I-Ierrn.dc Petra, sermones.
Type 2 ( ). MT. ''3g. Quat-tuor nouissima in French [placedamong the Ghent facsimiles].
Type 3 ().See MT. iTraictie de paix [8 Apr. 1483, atGhent: no specimen is given amongthe Audenarde facsimiles].
Device 2 (it) June 1494). MT. I07b.Tractatus de salute corporis [n. d.].
Device 3 (3 July 1496). MT. xo'c 2.Epistclen ende evangclien.
Device 4 (). MT. io8b 2.Spieghel der ionghers.
Device 5 (). MT. io8c,SinteKatherinen legende.
This type is doubtful in connection with Bac it is usedonly in one book (CA. 1499), which has no place or printer'sname given.
2 See note on ptge 33.
35
vi. Antwerp (8 June 148 I)—conthiucd.
6. Thierry ilJartens, from A lost, Thirdtress (21 July 1493).
Type 2 (from Alost : 21 July1493). MT. 46a (colophon). The-saurus pauperum [22 May 14971.
Type 3 (from Alost: 21 July 1493).MT. 46a (title). Thesaurus pau-perum [22 May 14971.
Type 4 (21 July 1493). Not inMT.'
Type 5 (20 Sept. 1494). MT. 46a(Incii1). Thesaurus pauperum122 May 14971.
Device i (Press 2, device i : 21 July1 493) . MT. 46e. Gemma voca-bulorum [20 Sept. 14941.
See the annexed photograph iii.
C2
36
vi. Antwerp (S June 1431)—conthm&/.
7. Adriaen van Liesvell (May 1494).
Type i (Press 2, type 9 : May 1494).MT. Io9a. Die gulden letanien.
Type 2 (Press 2, type Ii : 1494, opS. Lauwereys auont). Not in MT.
Type 3 (Press 2, type S : 29 July
MT. ioçb 2.Duytscheghetyden.
Device: None known.
S. ilenrick die Lettcrsnidcr, First press(28 Aug. 1496).
Type i (28 Aug. 1496). MT. rioa.
Maerlant. Wapene Martijn.
Device: None known.
. Roe/ant van den Dorj5c (28 Feb. 1.197).
Type i (28 Feb. 1497). MF. ii Ia 2.
Die cronike van Brabant.
37
vi. Antwerp (8 June 1481)—conthiued.
Device i (28 Feb.MT.11 ia 3. Die cronike van Brabant.
io. The j5rinler at the sin of the greatgolden mortar [Adriacn van Baiçhcn ?](1500).
Type i ( 1500). MT. iiob3. Leririgeorn salich te sterve.
Type 2(1500)? MT. 110b2. Leringeom salich te sterve. [Woodcut?]
Device , ( 1500).MT. tiob 4.Leringe om salich te sterve.
vii. Ghent (8 Apr. 1483).
i. A rend de Keyser, from A udenarde, Secondpress (8 Apr. 1483).
Type 3 (from Audenarde: 8 Apr.1483). MT. ii-a. Traictie de lapaix.
38
vii. Ghent (8 Apr. 1483)—continued.
Type 4 (8 Apr. 1483). MT. i 13b 2.
Aluernus, Rhetorica diuina [22 Aug.1483].
Device i (from Audenarde: S Apr.1483). MT. ii-a. Traictic de lapaix.
2. Pi/rice van Orroir, widow of A. doKeysere (1490).
Type : Not known.'
viii. Unknown places.
I. Printer of the Flemish Il/cc/i der syelen.rnlic/zeyl [A. de Keysere, before 1480 ?].
Type i (before 1480). MT. 122.
\Vech der syelen salicheyt.
Device: None knozrn.
1 See CA. 1374. No copy is at present known.
39
viii. Unknown places—ccninued.
2. Prinler of the SpieçJzel der sirnbeire men-schen [Louvain, not before 1483 ?].
Type i (Audenarde type 2 :
MT. 123.Spieghel der simpeiremenschen.
Device: None known.
40
Note A.
Thierry Martens of Alost.
The earliest book printed by Martens at
his second press in Alost is usually taken
to be the A4ôJiabe/um diuini arnoris of 6 Feb.1487. But the copy of Augustinus, Deasftiratione (CA. 196) in the Bodleian [Auct.IQ, V. 301, contains a 1\IS, note which pro-
bably gives an earlier origin to the press.This note is to the effect that the copywas bought at Brussels on the 28th of
February 1486, Easter being April 15th.
This shews that 1487 is the year meant,and it is accordingly probable that the
4'
date of the AlbIiabcfum is to be taken as
signifying 148•. The book dated 22 March
1487 stands on the same footing. The
usages of the various towns in the Low
Countries in dating the commencement of the
year do not seem to be as yet satisfactorily
determined.
42
Note B.
Conrad of Westphalia.
NJ. Holtrop (MT. pp. 51-52) was the firstto call attention to the fact that five medicalworks by Antonius Guainerius, two of which
bear the name of" Conradus de paderbarne,"and three of which are dated ii May 1473,9 June 1474, anti 1474 respectively, areclearly of Italian origin. He rested his
opinion on the nature of the paper uponwhich they arc printed, and on the vellumbinding of one copy. To these five booksmay be added the New Testament describedby Campbell (no. I645), which differs onlyin being of quarto size. A seventh, im-
4
portant as giving an earlier date, which may
be safely ascribed to the same press, is an
edition of the Tra cia/us quacs/ionis of
Bartolus (Hain 2645) dated 14 Apr. 1473.This has the same number of lines to a
column as the Guainerius tracts, and is inthe same type.
So far, however, we have no clue to theplace at which Conrad of Westphalia printed
these works. The type, however, is un-
doubtedly the same as that used on 5 Oct.1473 by Albert of Stendal for an edition ofPart i. of the Summa of Thomas Aquinas(ham I440). and presumably for thePsa/mi poeiiien/ialcs of Petrarca, dated thesame year. Now the fact that the formerof these books was printed after some of thebooks with Conrad of Westphalia's name, andbefore others, argues a close connectionbetween the printers We may notice, too,
41
that the type appears not to be used by
Albert of Stendal later than this year 1473.Hence it is practically certain that where
Albert was, there we must place Conrad.
Here arises another difficulty: namely, that
the place where the books of Albert in thistype were printed is not given. It is certain
from the colophon of his edition of Perottus'Rudimenta, that on the 17th of June 1475he was at Padua, but before that we haveno clue, except that certain words in
the colophon of the Latin grammar of
Oninibonus, of the year 1474, have ledbibliographers to conclude that he lived inVenice at this period. The words in the
colophon (Hain 10025) are: Per Alber/umde Slendal Imp ressus Anna Domini ill. CCCC.lxxiiizl Die xiiii. Mensis Mai. Nicolao Afar-cello Duce 1/enefiarum. The evidence ofthese words, which stand alone in giving
45
any indication of locality before June 1475,do not prove anything more than that thebook in question was printed within theVenetian dominions, Padua was at this
time in the possession of the Republic ofVenice, and we can hardly be mistakenin the conclusion that all the books printedby Albert of Stendal may be assigned to aPaduan origin. It follows therefore that
Conrad of Westphalia must also be assigned
to Padua.
With regard to the Italian sojourn ofJohn of Westphalia, brother of Conrad,
little certain is known. Holtrop is no doubtright when he says that his type i wasbrought from Italy ; and though the Italiantype of his brother cannot be traced to himearlier than 1496, the close resemblance incharacter between the two types makes itprobable that he resided in Padua with his
46
brother. It is a curious fact, that in theAjpara1us decre/aliurn of Pope Innocent IV.,printed at Strassburg by Heinrich Eggesteynin 1478, the letters I) M P T V, of a typeseemingly identical with John of Westphalia's
type i, are used mixt with the ordinary typeof the printer.
A fact more conducive to result is thefact that the type used (then only) by Johnof Westphalia in 1483 for the Lcl/ers ofPius II., bears, though it is not identical,a very close resemblance to the type used by
the printer Florenz of Strassburg. Thereis no sign of Florenz after (or before) the
year 1472, and his colophons are exactlyanalogous to that of Albert of Stendal in
giving the name of the Venetian Doge, butnothing to shew that they were printed in
Venice itself. It is therefore at least possiblethat this printer also lived at Padua.