Tracking Purchase Behavior of Low- Income Households: Assessment of Data Needs Ephraim Leibtag* Deputy Director, Food Economics Division**, USDA/ERS Presentation at the IOM Workshop: Defining the Adequacy of SNAP Allotments March 28, 2012 *These slides are for information purposes only and do not reflect official USDA policy on these or related issues. **Special thanks to Laurian Unnevehr, Mark Denbaly, Ricky Volpe, and Aylin Kumcu for contributions to this presentation.
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Tracking Purchase Behavior of Low-Income Households:
Presentation at the IOM Workshop: Defining the Adequacy of SNAP Allotments March 28, 2012
*These slides are for information purposes only and do not reflect official USDA policy on these or related issues. **Special thanks to Laurian Unnevehr, Mark Denbaly, Ricky Volpe, and Aylin Kumcu for contributions to this presentation.
Overview
• Motivation
• Available data
– Government sources
– Proprietary sources
• Research and trends using existing data
• Data gaps
• FoodAPS and beyond
Food Choice Policy Intervention
• New policies will challenge industry to market higher nutritional quality to consumers
• Shaping a “healthier” food environment will be a complex undertaking involving multiple sectors
• Opportunities for research to understand incentives and tradeoffs for consumers and industry
Product Reformulations Require More Detailed Data
• Motivators for product reformulation
– Mandatory disclosure: Trans fat example
– New guidance: Whole grains example
• Healthy Weight Commitment by major food firms to reduce “empty” calories
• Influence of price and income on purchases and nutritional quality
• Impact of access and retailer choice
• Role of knowledge about health, diet, and nutrition and attitude in food choices and diet quality
• Impact of SNAP participation – Food basket purchased vs acquired? How nutritious?
– How much away from home? – Relationships between participation and food security?
– How program eligible, non-participating hhlds differ? – How much of their own resources?
Major FoodAPS Research Questions
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Food Data Collection Strategy
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Save receiptScan UPC or
barcode book.
Gatekeeper reports FAFH via phone on
days 2,5,7. MPR enters prices from
receipts
FAHItems
Food At Home (FAH)
FAH food items
Food Away From Home(FAFH)
Food diaries for household members
MPR samples
receipts for
QC reviewShopping
Trips
Fill out FAHform
FAFHEvents
FAFHItems
Save receipts
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Content: Food Instruments • FAFH (by each member and PR)
– place, location, and occasion – total paid – method of payment – size of the party (who?) – items purchased – quantities – prices; coupons/discounts – receipt
• FAH (by primary Respondent) – place and location – method of payment (including EBT, WIC, etc.) – item details – quantities – Prices; coupons/discount – Receipt
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Content: Initial Interview
• Consent, including linking (use of) admin data
• Household roster (members living at the address; names; gender; age; relationship; ethnicity; disability; education; marital and employment)
• Program participation details for SNAP, WIC, School lunch, child care, and community meal programs
• Food shopping habits
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Content: Final Interview
• Behavior: use of grocery list, food preparation frequency; family meals, guest,
• Diet, Health, Nutrition Knowledge and Attitude: use of labels, nutrition information, Myplate
• Special dietary needs: Vegetarian; allergies; special diets; etc. • Health Status: general health, smoking, height and weight for all
members • Food Security • Income: amounts and sources of earned and unearned incomes
from employment, retirement, welfare programs, assets, etc. • Nonfood expenditures: housing costs; car ownership and costs;
transportation; utilities; health, child and adult care; life events
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Supplemental Data
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Data Source Purpose
Sampling
State SNAP and FNS ALERT
Sample Frame, benefit levels, data quality check
Creating Data Files
Gladson Product description, weight, and nutrition profile
Nielsen and Retailer Store Data
Product description, and prices
InfoUSA, TDLinx, FNS STARS
Store and FAHFH establishment locations and accessibility
FAFH menus FAFH prices and product identification
USDA nutrition databases and MyPyramid Equivalents
Nutrients and RDA
Beyond?
• Taking what we learn from CE, Homescan, and FoodAPS and apply to SNAP EBT?
– Sample SNAP participants and incentivize to scan/report purchase behavior?