Tracking Ideas over Time AUS Library Information Discovery Series January 18 & 19, 2011 Mary Ann Nash.

Tracking Ideas over Time

AUS LibraryInformation Discovery Series

January 18 & 19, 2011Mary Ann Nash

Tracking ideas over time

• Citation databases allow you to move both backward and forward in time to determine research influence

• Cited by tools enable you to follow a line of research from a known key piece of work to more recent research

• Cited references allow you to track previous research

Citation databases are specialized indexes that provide information about how scholars cite

one another in publications.

What are citation databases?

Citation database

Cited References

Cited By

Persian Gulf Seafaring and East Africa: Ninth-Twelfth Centuries, Thomas M. RicksAfrican Historical Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2 (1970), pp. 339-357

Common uses of citation data

• History of an idea– Discover how a known idea or innovation has been

confirmed, applied, improved, extended, or corrected• Impact of an individual– Use citation analysis to find influential authors who are

publishing high-impact research in your field, discover important author and/or institutional research collaborations

• Impact of a journal– Determine where the most impactful research is being

published

Problems with citation data

• No one source indexes all the published literature

• Variations in author names – automated indexing

• Citing an author or work is not always for positive reasons

AUS Citation ToolsISI Web of Knowledge Title: GPS constraints on Africa (Nubia) and Arabia plate motions

Author(s): McClusky S, Reilinger R, Mahmoud S, et al.Source: GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL Volume: 155 Issue: 1 Pages: 126-138 Published: OCT 2003 Times Cited: 176

Google ScholarGPS constraints on Africa (Nubia) and Arabia plate motions

McClusky, R Reilinger, S Mahmoud… - Geophysical …, 2003 - Wiley Online LibraryWe use continuously recording GPS (CGPS) and survey-mode GPS (SGPS) observations to determine Euler vectors for relative motion of the African (Nubian), Arabian and Eurasian plates. We present a well-constrained Eurasia–Nubia Euler vector derived from 23 IGS ... Cited by 165 - Related articles - BL Direct - All 14 versions

Subject-specific databases

• Other databases providing citation data:– IEEE– JStor– PubMed– PsycInfo– Academic Search Premier– Business Source Premier

• Note: citation data is limited to articles indexed by the database

Web of Knowledge• Web of Knowledge is the original and best known citation index• Coverage of over 228 disciplines in the sciences and social sciences• Science Citation Index Expanded:

• 8,060 major journals • 173 disciplines• from 1900-present

• Social Sciences Citation Index: • 2,697 journals• 55 social science disciplines• selected items from 3,500 of the world's leading scientific and technical

journals• from 1900-present

• Includes all cited references captured from indexed articles.

AUS LibraryInformation Discovery SeriesJanuary 18 & 19, 2011Mary Ann Nash

Times Cited

Cited References

Related Records

• Related to the record based on common references from Web of Science

Related Records

Cited Reference Search

Finish Search

Search Tips

Refine results:• Subject Areas • Document Types • Authors • Source Titles • Publication Years • Institutions • Funding Agencies • Languages • Countries/Territories

Sort by:• Latest Date• Times cited• Relevance• First author• Source title• Publication year

Refine Results

Refined by Institution

Create Sign-in

• Take advantage of features:– Save searches– Set-up citation alerts– Save directly to EndNote Web

Extras

• Citation Maps• Citation Reports• Analyze Results

Citation Maps

• Graphical representation that shows the citation relationships (cited references and citing articles) between a paper and other papers using visualization tools and techniques.

Citation Reports

• Provides aggregate citation statistics for a set of search results. These statistics include:– The total number of times all items have been cited– The average number of times an item has been

cited – The number of times an item has been cited each

year – The average number of times an item has been

cited in a year

Analyze results• Produces a report showing the values in ranked order. • Rank by:

– Authors– Country/Territory– Funding Agency– Grant Number– Document type– Institution– Language – Publication Year– Source Title– Subject Area

Analyze Results

Google Scholar

• Broad range of disciplines– Strong coverage of social sciences, business, arts

& humanities and engineering • Coverage includes: – scholarly journals, abstracts, peer reviewed

articles, theses, dissertations, books, preprints, PowerPoint presentations and technical reports from universities, academic institutions, professional societies, research groups, and preprint repositories around the world

Google Scholar

• Be aware:– Google Scholar does not index all scholarly

articles; therefore, some articles citing the item under study may not be counted

– Author names can be tricky to search and the results can vary greatly depending on how the name is entered

Google Scholar

Google Scholar Search

Search Tips• All– Articles and patents– Articles excluding patents– Legal opinions and journals

• Since– anytime - 1992

• include citations or at least summaries– articles which other scholarly articles have

referred to, but which we haven't found online

[CITATION] The earthquakes of GreeceB Papazachos… - 1997 - Editions ZitiCited by 368 - Related articles - Library Search - Import into EndNote

BOOK] The mechanics of earthquakes and faulting [PDF] from episodes.org CH Scholz - 2002 - books.google.comPUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY ... Cited by 2000 - Related articles - Library Search - All 12 versions - Import into EndNote

Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakesJN Brune - Journal of Geophysical Research, 1970 - agu.orgAn earthquake model is derived by considering the effective stress available to accelerate the sides of the fault. The model describes near- and far-field displacement-time functions and spectra and includes the effect of fractional stress drop. It succe•fully explains the near- and ... Cited by 2005 - Related articles - All 5 versions - Import into EndNote

Cited by

Extras

• Advanced Scholar Search• Email alerts• Import to EndNote

Alerts

Related Articles

• Google Scholar Related Articles– Automatically determines which articles are most

closely related. The list of related articles is ranked primarily by how similar these articles are to the original result, but also takes into account the relevance of each paper.

Related Articles

A note on related references

• Many databases offer a link to related articles or related records– WOK based on citation analysis– GS based on document content

• In other databases, related articles may not be based on citations

• Many databases (Pubmed, Science Direct) re-execute the search based on keywords

• A different means of extending your research topic

Journal Citation Reports

– Measurements are aggregated at level of subject category and used for benchmarking rankings

– Journals do not represent all scholarly journals published, only those selected by WOK

Journal Citation Reports

• Measurements provided at journal level – Total citations– Impact Factor - calculated by dividing the number of citations in the

JCR year by the total number of articles published in the two previous years. An Impact Factor of 2.5 means that, on average, the articles published one or two years ago have been cited two and a half times

– Immediacy index - average number of times an article is cited in the year it is published, indicates how quickly articles in a journal are cited

– Articles - The total number of articles in the journal published in the JCR year

– Cited half-life - median age of the articles that were cited in the JCR year

Journal Citation Reports

Tracking ideas over time• Lists of works cited are the core of research. Scholarship is a

conversation and citations are the thread of that conversation. • Using the works cited can help you find more information about

your research topic.

– Backward citation searching The list of works cited by a scholar gives you a snapshot of the thinking and research available at the time the research was published. It tells you what sources, ideas, theories have shaped and influenced a researcher.

– Forward citation searching Finding out whether an article was cited by authors after its publication will help you assess the importance of that article and how it has shaped subsequent research and scholarship.

Thank You

Mary Ann Nash [email protected]

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