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SF6 Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer, FLIR
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Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

Apr 05, 2018

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Page 1: Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

SF6 Gas Detection

Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography

Prepared by: Paul A. CzerepuszkoRobert Raymer,FLIR

Page 2: Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

SF6 Gas Detection

Review of the GasFindIR

• Light weight

• Portable

• One‐Hand Operation

• 5‐Hour Li‐Ion batteries

• High Sensitivity Mode to find small leaks

• MDLR ‐ 10 ppm of SF6 or the equivalent of less than one (1) pound (0.45 kg) per year

Page 3: Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

SF6 Gas Detection

What is GasFindIR LW?

• F‐Number 2.3

• Thermal Sensitivity <35mK @ 30C

• FPA QWIP 320x240 format 30um pitch

• Spectral Range 10‐11um

• Integration Time 16.6ms and selectable

• Power <6W

• Weight & Size 4.6lbs, 10”x5.2”x5.7”

• FOV 25mm(22°), 50mm(11°), 100mm(5.5°)• Controls Push Buttons on Camera and RS232

• Outputs NTSC/RS‐170, C‐Video, PAL

• Inputs RS232

PATENT PENDING

Page 4: Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

SF6 Gas Detection

1 µm0.4 0.7 2 µm 5 µm 10 µm 13 µm

MW LWSW

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Infrared energy is part of the electromagnetic spectrum and behaves similarly to visible light.  It travels through space atthe speed of light and can be reflected, refracted, absorbed, and emitted.  The wavelength of IR energy is about an order of magnitude longer than visible light, between 0.7 and 1000 µm (millionths of a meter).

Visible:  0.4‐0.7 μmNear IR:  0.7‐~1 μmIR Short wave:  1‐3 μmIR Mid wave:  3‐5 μmIR Long wave:  8‐14 μm

GasFindIR GasFindIR‐LW

Visible light

1 km100 m10 m1m100mm10mm1mm100µm10µm1µm0.1µm0.01µm10 Å1 Å0.1 Å

X-rayGamma Micro-waveUV InfraredInfrared Radiowaves

Page 5: Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

SF6 Gas Detection

Different Types of Imaging

VISIBLE NIGHT VISION

THERMAL

Page 6: Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

SF6 Gas Detection

How Does an Infrared System “See” Gas

• The camera employs a spectral filter designed to transmit in a region of the IR spectrum that is coincident in wavelength with vibrational/rotational energy transitions of VOC molecular bonds.

• These transitions are typically strongly coupled to the field via dipole moment changes in the molecule, and are common to many types of gases and vapors.

• With this in mind, the camera’s detection sensitivity to a wide variety of gases and vapors is extremely small.

• Thermally, the camera’s sensitivity is <35mK when FLIR’s adaptive temporal filter is engaged.

WaggingSymmetric stretch Asymmetric stretch Rocking

Twisting

Scissoring

Page 7: Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

SF6 Gas Detection

Development of SF6 Leak Detection

• Early systems for detecting SF6 gas emissions relied on a combination of infrared imaging and active CO2 laser illumination.

• Called Backscatter Absorption Gas Imaging (BAGI)

– A CO2 laser is scanned over the target area

– Reflected laser energy is captured by the IR camera forming an image

– If gas was present between the reflective target and the camera, it would show up dark in the image.

Page 8: Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

SF6 Gas Detection

How Does a Passive IR Camera “See” Gas

• As an example, we can “match” the spectral response of the camera to the “peak” spectral absorption of SF6.

1

0.899709

TTr

FWHM

FWHM

1110.0 llum

10.3, 10.7,

10 10.2 10.4 10.6 10.8 110.88

0.9

0.92

0.94

0.96

0.98

1

Gas SpectraFilter cuton FWHM 10.3umFilter cutoff FWHM 10.7um

Spectral Transmission of SF6

Wavelength

Tran

smis

sion

Page 9: Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

SF6 Gas Detection

Field Demos

Customer supplied video.

Page 10: Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

SF6 Gas Detection

Field Demos

Video of Bushing leak on a 138KV Westinghouse breaker.

Page 11: Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

SF6 Gas Detection

Field Demos

Video of 500KV breaker.  In this video we are looking inside the cabinet at the governor switch.

Page 12: Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

SF6 Gas Detection

Field Demos

Video of leaking bushing on Westinghouse 220KV breaker.

Page 13: Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

SF6 Gas Detection

Field Demos

This video was taken at a maintenance yard, where there were a rack of empty SF6 bottles.  We viewed the rack and found that one of the valves was loose.

Page 14: Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

SF6 Gas Detection

Field Demos

Video of 500KV breaker.  The leak is an upper rupture disk on the C Phase bus side.  The leak is viewed from approximately 40 feet.

Page 15: Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

SF6 Gas Detection

Field Demos

This is a brand new circuit breaker that was on the delivery truck.

Page 16: Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

SF6 Gas Detection

Field Demos

Very small leaks can difficult to detect with soap and water approach.

Page 17: Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

SF6 Gas Detection

Other Gases that Passive IR Cameras will See

• Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6 )• Acetyl Chloride • Acetic Acid • Allyl Bromide • Allyl Chloride • Allyl Fluoride • Anhydrous Ammonia• Bromomethane• Chlorine Dioxide• Ethyl Cyanoacrylate • Ethylene • Freon® 11• Freon® 12

• Furan• Hydrazine• Methylsilane• Methyl Ethyl Ketone• Methyl Vinyl Ketone• Propenal• Propene• Tetrahydrofuran• Trichloroethylene • Uranyl Fluoride• Vinyl Chloride• Vinyl Cyanide• Vinyl Ether

Page 18: Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

SF6 Gas Detection

Benefits of an SF6 Reduction Program

• Better Substation Maintenance & Inventory

• Real‐Time Visualization of Leaks

• The ability to trace leaks to their source

• Improved inspection times and safety

• Prioritization of larger leaks and leaks that have the highest potential for environmental, safety, or production losses

• Helps ensure continuous service to customers

• Protects the environment for everyone

Page 19: Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

SF6 Gas Detection

Summary

• Optical gas finding technologies evolve and draw from current state of the art technologies in Infrared imaging

• IR imaging technology hold great promise for the development of new gas/vapor detection applications.

• Significant resources are invested in the continued R&D of equipment, guidelines, and training for the next generation of IR imagers.

• The benefit of this commitment to industry and the public will be improved safety, cost‐savings, and protection of the environment.

Page 20: Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared ... Gas Detection Tracking Down the Greenhouse Gas SF6 with Infrared Thermography Prepared by: Paul A. Czerepuszko Robert Raymer,

SF6 Gas Detection

Thank You!

Questions?

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