Tracers in ATTREX: What we learn from CR-AVE, TC- 4, and HIPPO Steve Wofsy Elliot Atlas Presented at the ATTREX Science Team meeting, DFRC 26 Aug 2010.

Tracers in ATTREX:What we learn from CR-AVE, TC-

4, and HIPPO

Steve WofsyElliot Atlas

Presented at the ATTREX Science Team meeting, DFRC 26 Aug 2010

15x103

10

5

Alti

tud

e (

m)

3020100

Latitude

Whole Air Sample Locations during TC4: DC8 and WB-57

0 10 20 30 N

0

5

000

1000

0

15

000

m

20

15

10

5

0

To

tal O

rga

nic

Bro

min

e (

pm

ol/m

ol)

440420400380360Potential Temperature

Total Organic Bromine Short_lived Organic Bromine Long_lived Organic Bromine

252015105

Latitude

Variation of total organic bromine in the TTL during TC4

What we learn from this:

Short lived organic bromine compounds add about 2 ppt of Br to the lower tropical troposphere in one region & season

What we have yet to learn:

What is the global picture ?Is inorganic Br left behind or scavenged ?

"upp

er T

TL"

CO2 in TC-4 – seasonal cycle and long-term trend provide a unique probe of transport rates and processes.

CO

2

Park et al., ACP, 2010

of the mole

Optimum 24-hr mean OH profiles

GMIGEOS-CHEM

(dashed lines give a priori model OH)

Time Lag (days)

Age Spectra

tchem

August February

"upp

er T

TL"

"upp

er T

TL"

15x103

10

5

Alti

tude

(m

)

25002000150010005000Ethane (pmol/mol)

< > 20151050Latitude

Flt 0805 & 0809 (transit)

Source signatures in the UT: Hydrocarbons Ethane (continental BL)

What we learn from this:

CO2 data can resolve transport time scales of a few days in most seasons, relative to zero age in the ICTZ.

CO2 and data for short lived tracers, with diverse loss mechanisms, can tell us quantitatively about loss rates and transport rates for radical precursors in the TTL.

What we have yet to learn:

What is the global picture ?How can we do much better than the 1-d (!!) model.

Brooks Range, AK

HIPPO: What do the GV cross sections of the Pacific tell us about what we will see from the Global Hawk in ATTREX?

HIPPO and ATTREX share a key characteristic: each is taking a broad swath of atmospheric data which will simultaneously give fine-grained texture and a global image.

Unexpected results are very likely to emerge.

GV launch in the rain, Anchorage, January, 2009 (HIPPO-1)

NCAR Gulfstream V "HIAPER"

HIPPO Instrumentation

Multiple measurements: Red symbols ≥ 3, Blue = 2; sampling rates in ().

HIPPO_2 Nov 2009

HIPPO_3 Apr 2010HIPPO_1 Jan 2009

preHIPPO Apr-Jun 2008

HIPPO itinerary

Day of Year

H1 H3 P-H H4 H5 H2

HIPPO Statistics

To Date: 156 days of field program, 524 profiles

•National Science Foundation •National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration•G-V "HIAPER": National Center for Atmospheric Research

2009 2010 2008 2011 2011 2009

HIPPO Sponsors

Shadow of the Earth visualized by ice crystals over Alaska.

Pago Pago, Samoa

ITCZ

HIPPO scenes

HIPPO-1 Atmospheric Structure (Pot'l T K): January, 2009, Mid-Pacific (Dateline) Cross section

0

50

00

10

000

1

5000

m

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80Latitude

CO2 CH4 COHIPPO sections, January 2009

0

5

10

1

5 k

m0

5

1

0

15

km

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 LATITUDE

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 N2O SF6 O3

0

5

10

1

5 k

m0

5

1

0

15

km

0

5

10

1

5 k

m0

5

1

0

15

km

January 15, 2009

000 UTC

170 160 150 140 130 120 110 W

0

10

20

30 N

40

5

0

60

CH

4

CO

HIPPO_1 Flight 4 Anchorage -> Hawaii

14 January 2009

Nov 2009 CO2 CH4 CO

Jan 2009 CO2CH4 CO

0

5

10

1

5 k

m0

5

1

0

15

km

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 LATITUDE

January 2009

November 2009

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 LATITUDE

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

N2O O3

0

5

10

1

5 k

m0

5

1

0

15

km

N2O O3

January – November Water Vapor comparison

H-3 Mar-Apr 2010 O3 BC

H-1 Jan 2009 O3

Observed vs Model (ACTM)

Prabir Patra, Kentaro IshijimaHIPPO_1 Jan 2009

HIPPO Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

Pollution in the upper troposphere of the Arctic

…a fall/winter transition phenomenon

HIPPO Arctic Pollution

80 N 2009 11 02 Photo E. Kort

N2OCOCH4

CO2 ---- BC

What we learn from this:

ATTREX science would be enormously enhanced by a companion mission of the GV or the DC-8…because it really matters what is going on below Global Hawk flight levels.

We should lavish some attention on jet stream transports, strong-CAPE convection over North America, and the SPCZ.

What we have yet to learn:

What is the global picture ?