TP Course Manual 2009-2010

8/2/2019 TP Course Manual 2009-2010

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SCHOOL OF ENGINEERINGMSc COURSE INFORMATION MANUAL

October 2009

Dear Course Member

Welcome to the Department of Power and Propulsion within the School of Engineering (SoE). This

document contains information about the Thermal Power MSc course and those available to help

you. Please look at it carefully and keep it for future reference. If you have problems please

contact the appropriate member of staff or the Course Administrator.

We will see quite a lot of each other in the forthcoming year and we all look forward to working with

you and to several enjoyable social occasions.

The staff at Cranfield hope you will have a successful and pleasant year with us and we welcome

this opportunity to make a contribution to your career development.

2



ACADEMIC/ SUPPORT STAFF

Head of School of Engineering Building 83Professor Minoo PatelSecretary: Ms Lisa Rice

tel ext: 4769

Head of Department of Power and PropulsionProfessor Pericles Pilidis Building 52/Room 142tel ext: 4646email: [email protected]

Secretary to Professor Pilidis & Department Building 52/ Room 140Administrator: Mrs G HargreavesTel ext: 4765Email: [email protected]

Director of Gas Turbine Technology Programmes Building 52/Room 312Dr Ken Ramsdentel. ext. 4712email: [email protected]

MSc Thermal Power Course Director Dr Stephen Ogaji Building 52/Room 313tel ext: 8218email: [email protected]

Manager - G T Technology Programmes Building 52/Room 315Mrs Sarah Sheentel ext: 4764email: [email protected]

MSc Course Administrator Building 52, Room 340Mr Joshua Redmondtel ext: 5339email: [email protected]

MSc Course Administrator Mrs Many HongTel ext: 4747e.mail: [email protected]

ACADEMIC STAFF:

Dr Ossama Badr Building 52, Room 277Course Director: Process System Engineeringtel ext: 4766email: [email protected]

ACADEMIC STAFF cont’d:

3

mailto:[email protected]








Dr Georgios Doulgeris Building 52/Room322Research Fellowtel ext: 4636email:[email protected]

Dr Jenny Kingston Building 83

Lecturer tel ext: 4703email: [email protected]

Dr Panos Laskaridis Building 52/Room 333Lecturer tel ext: 4643email: [email protected]

Dr Ivan Li Building 52/Room 317Lecturer tel ext 4723

email: [email protected]

Dr Vassilios Pachidis Building 52/Room 334Lecturer and Deputy Director of UTCtel ext: 5663email: [email protected]

Dr Bobby Sethi Building 52/Room 324Research Fellowtel ext: 8270email: [email protected]

Professor Riti Singh Building 52/Room 221

Professor of Gas Turbine Engineeringemail: [email protected]

Secretary to Prof. Singh: Mrs Sam Broe Building 52, Room 221email: [email protected]: 4166

Dr Joao Amaral Teixeira Building 52/Room 135Lecturer tel ext: 4679email: [email protected]

External Contributors

Dr E Goodger

4



















Dr Denis GriffithsMr Brian Hardy-BishopMr A HaslamDr Anthony JacksonMr Ian JamesMr Ken Langley

Dr Hisham MashmoushyMr R ParkinsonDr P RubiniMr Noel SeybMr Keith TurtonMr Peter WhartonMr Darrell WilliamsDr Martin Yates

5



LIST OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………..81.1 AIMS OF CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY …………………………………………………….81.2 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING MISSION STATEMENT ………………………………..81.3 COURSE AIMS …………………………………………………………..…………………81.4 THE DEPARTMENT OF POWER AND PROPULSION – AN OVERVIEW………….9

1.4.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………….91.4.2 Sponsored Research ……………………………………………………………… 9 1.4.3 Continuing Professional Development ……………………………………..........10

2.0 THERMAL POWER MSC ………………………………………………….112.1 COURSE AIMS AND INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES ……………………… 112.2 PROGRAMME SPECIFICATIONS ………………………………………………………122.3 MSC THERMAL POWER – COURSE DESCRIPTION ……………………………….30

2.3.1 MSC Thermal Power Course Options ……………………………………………302.3.2 Course Structure ……………………………………………………………………312.3.3 Credit Structure ……………………………………………………………………..312.3.4 Choosing Your Course Options ..…………………………………………………36

3.0 OTHER ELEMENTS OF THE COURSE, REGULATIONS ANDPROCEDURES …………………………………………………...…………37

3.1 PRESENTATIONS AND SEMINARS ……………………………………………………373.2 ATTENDANCE AT LECTURES AND ASSESSMENTS ……………………………….373.3 ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES ………………………………………………………….37

3.3.1Assessment of Individual MSc Theses ……………………………………………373.4 MINIMUM MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS …………………………………………….383.5 QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTORS FOR NON-NUMERICAL COURSEWORK ANDPROJECT WORK ……………………………...…………….……………………………..393.6 EXAMINATION RESIT POLICY ..……………………….………………………………..41

3.7 PLAGIARISM AND COLLABORATION ………………………………………………....413.8 THESIS/RESARCH PROJECT …………………………………………………………..42

4.0 ACADEMIC YEAR ACTIVITIES ..…………………………………………434.1 INTRODUCTORY TRAINING SESSIONS ...……………………………………………43

4.1.1 KINGS NORTON LIBRARY ……………………………………………………….434.1.2 INTRODUCTION TO CRANFIELD COMPUTER CENTRE SYSTEM ………..44

4.1.2a PC-CCNT Training …………………………………………………………………44

. 4.1.2b FORTRAN …………………………………………………………………………..44

4.1.3CAREERS SERVICE PRESENTATION ………………………………………….444.2 PRESENTATIONS ………………………………….……………………………………..45

4.2.1 Seminar Presentations ……………………………………………………………………454.2.2 Project Progress Presentations ………………………………………………………….45

4.3 MANAGEMENT FOR TECHNOLOGY COURSE ……………………………………..454.4 COMPRESSOR BLADING LECTURES AND WORKSHOPS ………………………...464.5 ORIGIN OF LOADS AND TURBINE BLADE DESIGN LECTURES ………………….464.6 WRITTEN EXAMINATIONS ……………………………………………………………….46

5.0 THESIS, ORALS AND RESEARCH POSTER ………………………………..475.1 Thesis Project ……………………………………………………………..…………………475.2. MSc Thesis Submission Date ……………………………………………………………..475.3. Thesis Hand-in Procedure …………………………………………………………………47

4.5.4 Thesis Oral Presentations ………………………………………………………48



5.4 Thesis Orals and Poster Presentation …………………………………………………..48

6.0 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION6.1 Course Members’ Representative………………………………………………………..496.2 Absence …………………………………………………………………………………….496.3 Illness ………………………………………………………………………………………496.4 REFERENCES AND STUDY CONFIRMATIONS..…………………………………….506.5 Photocopy credits ………………………………………………………………………….50

APPENDIX A - PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING …………………51APPENDIX B - MODULE DESCRIPTORS ……..……………………….…… 60APPENDIX C - FORMS ………………………….…………………..………….85APPENDIX D - PROJECT TOPICS …………………………………………….93

7



1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 AIMS OF CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY

The general aims of the University are:

to advance, disseminate and apply learning and knowledge in science, technology and management;

to promote and encourage the application of that knowledge and learning.

1.2 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING MISSION STATEMENT

The Aim of the School of Engineering is to continue to be an International Centre of Relevance and Leadership in postgraduate education, research, design developmentand management in selected areas of engineering and applied science, working inpartnership with industry and government.

In its teaching provision, the School’s aim is to deliver a postgraduate educationwhich is of a high academic standard leading to the acquisition of employable skills atan advanced professional level in areas of practical economic relevance.

The aim of the School in its research programme is to provide an advancedengineering and engineering science base, in collaboration and with the support of industry and Government, and to use this base to further the academic and businessdevelopment of the School

1.3 COURSE AIMS

Britain is a leader and a major exporter in the international fields of propulsion andpower. This industrial prowess requires a strong multidisciplinary academic base.The aim of the Thermal Power M.Sc. is to provide the skills required for a

challenging career in this field.

8



1.4 THE DEPARTMENT OF POWER AND PROPULSION – AN OVERVIEW

1.4.1 Introduction

The Thermal Power MSc is one of the major activities of the Department of Power andPropulsion at Cranfield. The School runs, arguably, the largest university based gasturbine activity of its kind. The Thermal Power MSc is a major beneficiary of this activity.Other elements include the Gas Turbine Continuing Professional Developmentprogramme, Research and Consultancy. These elements each strengthen one another.

Other stakeholders of this gas turbine activity include academic staff, industry and UK plc.Strong industrial links are a feature of the Cranfield gas turbine activity. These haveenabled Cranfield to provide a very good service to industry by providing a continuousupdate of technical developments and contacts.

The wholly post-graduate nature of Cranfield fosters a very responsive climate for industrial research and the rapid adaptation to changing research needs is an importantfactor in the successful development of the University as a whole. Active advanced courseteaching, through the MSc. programmes and a wide range of specialist short courses,maintains the momentum of academic change

The main activities of the Department are:

• Sponsored Research and Consultancy

• Gas Turbine Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Programme

• Msc Thermal Power

1.4.2 Sponsored Research

The research undertaken by the Department can be broadly characterised as either academic, in the sense of comparatively lengthy programme duration and course member involvement, or industrial, centred on the professional research staff. An extensive rangeof programmes are currently running which involve sponsorship or direct contract supportthrough industrial companies and government bodies.

The School of Engineering maintains an impressive range of specialist test facilities which,

combined with the professional skills of the staff within the various groups, offers a highquality, comprehensive research facility in key energy and power related fields. Highpressure and high mass flow rate air supplies, for example, permit the realistic simulationof gas turbine operation in relation to both aerodynamic components, turbomachinery andcombustion. The application of advanced laser diagnostic techniques and computationalmodelling of the flow and thermodynamic problems arising in these components is aparticular interest in the Department.

9



1.4.2 Sponsored Research (continued)

Especially active areas of study currently in the gas turbine field relate to the following:-

• Low emissions combustor design, in relation to both NOx and smoke.• Computational fluid dynamics applied to internal flows, both isothermal and

combusting

• High density and high intensity gas turbine combustion chamber performance

• Variable geometry compressor cascade performance

• Design and assessment of advanced industrial gas turbine cycles

• Heat transfer and erosion studies of nozzle guide vanes and turbine blades.

• Gas turbine performance and diagnostics

• Gas turbine simulation

• Gas turbine mechanical integrity and lifing studies

1.4.3 Continuing Professional Development

An important element of the Gas Turbine activity in SoE is the Continuing ProfessionalDevelopment Programme. The Department runs a large portfolio of advanced GasTurbine Technology short courses, focusing on the design, performance and operation of the gas turbine engine, its components and its integration within the aircraft and power systems. These courses fall into three major categories:-

• overall plant performance

• component design and performance

• gas turbine end user issues

A large proportion of these short courses are run at Cranfield on a regular yearly basis.The remainder are special courses offered in the U.K. and abroad in response to demandsfrom industrial and government organisations. These courses attract large numbers of professionals each year.

A full list of CPD course run by the Department of Power and Propulsion can be found athttp://www.cranfield.ac.uk/soe/shortcourses/pp/

Thermal Power MSc Course Members are welcome to take part in this activity providedthey obtain the agreement of their supervisor and the Short Course Director. Anapplication form for this purpose is attached in appendix C of this manual. Oncepermission has been received, please return the completed form to Mrs Claire Bellis, nolater than the end of the 7th week of the first term. After this date it will not be possible tosecure places on the courses. Please note that given the nature of the CPD programme,only a small number can be accepted on each course. Please note that whilst there is nocharge for MSc Thermal Power Course Members attending a short course, there is acharge for lunches and dinners should a student wish to attend these

For further information on CPD, please contact Mrs Claire Bellis, CPD Administrator,(Ext: 4683).

2.0 THERMAL POWER MSC

10

http://www.cranfield.ac.uk/soe/shortcourses/pp/

http://www.cranfield.ac.uk/soe/shortcourses/pp/



INTRODUCTION

The rapid controlled release of large quantities of energy in a compact device, featurescharacteristic of the turbulent burning of fossil fuels, remains a key element in most

transportation, power generation and manufacturing processes. Pressures for improvedfuel economy and performance, diversification of fuel sources and concerns regarding theexhaust emissions from such sources make Thermal Power a most challenging field,occupying a central position in industry. The fine control of this energy release and theextraction of useful mechanical work via rotating or reciprocating machinery involve thecomplex interplay of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and mechanical design.

The aircraft gas turbine epitomises the advanced technology needed to achieve thesegoals and forms a significant part of the teaching and research within the Department.Increasingly the gas turbine finds application in non-aeronautical areas - for example, inmarine propulsion, for industrial processing in combined heat and power systems, in

off-shore pumping and power generation for the oil and gas industries. Thesedevelopments are reflected in specialist course options within the Thermal Power programme.

2.1 COURSE AIMS AND INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

The major objective of the MSc Thermal Power course is to provide MSc.graduates withthe necessary skills and background to make them attractive to employers in the ThermalPower Sector and so that they can make an immediate impact in a demanding workplace.These skills include:

Technical Skills- Detailed technical knowledge of the gas turbine- Understanding of the applications of gas turbine engines

- Technical analysis and computational tools

Generic Skills- Introduction to management skills and project management- Ability to work independently and within an organisation- Presentation experience

On successful completion of the course a graduate will be able to Make better decisions ina very advanced technology field using the all-round knowledge imparted in the courseand the skills acquired in the thesis project. These skills have made Thermal Power MScgraduates very attractive to organisations in the arena of power and propulsion. Theintended learning outcomes are set out in the Programme Specifications which follow.

DETAILED INFORMATION OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING ARECONTAINED IN APPENDIX A OF THIS MANUAL.

2.2 PROGRAMME SPECIFICATIONS

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2.2.1 MSc in Thermal Power (Gas Turbine Technology Option)

1 Date last updated September 2004

2 Awarding institution Cranfield University

3 Teaching institution Cranfield University

4 Course accredited by (if applicable) IMechE

5 Final qualification Master of Science (MSc)

6 Course title Gas Turbine Technology

7 UCAS Code (UG courses only) N/A

8 Relevant QAA subject benchmark statement(s)

N/A

9 Course aims (1) To provide graduates with the in-depthknowledge and skills to meet the needs of thegas turbine and related industries throughhigh technology courses that are focused onthe gas turbine engine and associatedtechnologies.

(2) To enable graduates to make better informed

decisions in an advanced technology fieldusing the all-round knowledge imparted onthe course

(3) To enable graduates to make an immediateimpact in demanding workplaces using theknowledge gained on the course

(4) To provide the skills required to enhance thecareers of graduates in a challenging field of high technology

12



10. Intended learning outcomes and the means by which they are achieved and demonstrated

A. Knowledge & understandingOn successful completion of the course a student will be able to:

• Understand the design, performance, operation and maintenance

requirements of complex gas turbine engines, their components andassociated equipment.

• Demonstrate a working knowledge of gas turbine cycles and

performance under steady-state and transient conditions.

• Identify candidate materials for particular applications in gas turbine

engines recognising their relative merits and limitations.

• Appreciate the function and design requirements of current and future

gas turbine engine systems.

• Critically assess the mechanical design and integrity of the major gas

turbine components and identify methods of improving the mechanicalintegrity and safety of existing designs.

• Appreciate the interaction between the gas turbine engine/jet engine

and its host airframe, intake and exhaust system.

• Demonstrate a working knowledge of the aerodynamic design of

turbomachinery cascades for both the compressors and turbines of gasturbine engines.

• Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of combustion

chemistry, the combustion process as encountered in practice and theinfluence of fuel properties on combustion performance.

•

Apply the basic concepts and theories of heat transfer and coolingtechnologies to the cooling of turbine blades.

• Demonstrate a critical awareness of current research and development

in the field of gas turbine technology.

Teaching/learning methods & strategy

The course is primarily delivered through the medium of lectures andseminars. However, where appropriate, tutorial sessions, workshopseminars, practical laboratory sessions and oral presentation to peers ona researched topic are used to enhance the learning experience. Inaddition, the simulation and diagnostics module requires the hands-on

use of specialist software. A wider understanding of the subject matter isreinforced by industrial visits, invited lectures and assessed exercisesthroughout the taught elements of the course.

Assessment

Formal examinations, assignments and oral presentations are used toassess student performance where appropriate. Assessment strategiesare appropriate to specific subject areas and have been developed overtime. In general, the more academic subjects are assessed byexamination and vocationally based subjects by assignment.

In the engine systems course, students are required to write a paper on aselected engine system and to present the paper at a symposium. Thetechnical content of the written paper and the presentation are the basis

of the assessment.

13



B. Skills & other attributesOn successful completion of the course a student will be able to:

• Use appropriate computer based tools such as CFD, FEM and

simulation software for the design and evaluation of gas turbineengines and their components.

• Effectively manage time to produce work to a required schedule.

• Present technical work in an acceptable written format.

• Make oral presentations to an expert audience and defend technical

work.

• Appreciate the cost, management and social effects of engineeringdecisions.

• Work effectively either as an individual or as a member of a team to

produce solutions to engineering problems.

• Employ appropriate methods to identify and solve engineering

problems.

• Critically evaluate and select appropriate information in the

compilation of research literature.

• Effectively manage a project by planning work, imposing deadlines

and ensuring that they are met.

• Liaise with subject matter experts from industry to elicit information

and assistance in project work.

• Confidently make well-informed decisions on operational and

economic aspects of gas turbine operation.

• Undertake a research project and write a thesis on a gas turbine related

topic to include a literature survey, analysis, evaluation of results anddiscussion as appropriate.

• Make effective and immediate contributions to the work of a

prospective employer.


The skills are developed throughout the course through various activitiesassociated with the lecture courses, assignments, group based exercises,project work, presentations and interaction with external agencies.

The engine systems symposium is organised entirely by the students andis a team activity involving the marketing the symposium to externaldelegates and the raising of funds to cover its cost.

Students are encouraged to start their projects as early as possible and tolearn independently through research, consultation with subject matterexperts both within and outside the university and through frequentcontact with their supervisor.

Assessment

The application of the skills is assessed through the formal assessmentprocess and by continuous assessment which takes place throughout thecourse by assignments, oral presentations and group activities.

The research thesis is examined on the basis of literature survey, effort,application and results, analysis, discussion, conclusions and originality.In addition to having to present 3 oral progress reports to their peersduring the year, students are also subject to a viva voce examination ontechnical aspects of their thesis.

14



11 Course structure, content &assessment scheme

See Section 2.3

12 Entry requirements 1st or 2nd class honours degree in a science,mathematics based or engineering subject or their

international equivalent. An individual with anHNC/HND or equivalent with considerableindustrial experience may also be considered.(IELTS 6.5, TOEFL 580/237, TOEIC 830)

13 Course Director/Academic Leader(proposed at course approval stage)

Dr S Ogaji

15



2.2.2 MSc in Thermal Power (Aerospace Propulsion Option)




4 Course accredited by (if applicable) IMechE/RAeS


6 Course title Aerospace Propulsion



N/A

9 Course aims (1) To provide graduates with the in-depthknowledge and skills to meet the needs of theaero-gas turbine and related industries throughhigh technology courses that are focused on the

jet engine and associated technologies.

(2) To enable graduates to make better informeddecisions in an advanced technology field using

the all-round knowledge imparted on the course

(3) To enable graduates to make an immediateimpact in demanding workplaces using theknowledge gained on the course

(4) To provide the skills required to enhance thecareers of graduates in a challenging field of hightechnology

16






requirementsof complex gas turbine engines, their components andassociated equipment.










turbomachinery blading for both the compressors and turbines of gasturbine engines.

• Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of combustion


• Understand the thermofluid dynamic concepts underlying rocket and

air-breathing space propulsion and their implications for launch vehicle

and spacecraft system performance and design.• Appreciate the function and design requirements of spacecraft systems

in relation to their environment, power requirements and control.


in the field of aero-gas turbine technology.



use of specialist software that has been developed at Cranfield. A widerunderstanding of the subject matter is reinforced by industrial visits,invited lectures and assessed exercises throughout the taught elements of the course.

Assessment

Formal examinations, assignments and oral presentations are used toassess student performance. Assessment strategies are appropriate tospecific subject areas and have been developed over time. In general,the more academic subjects are assessed through examination andvocationally based subjects by assignment.

In the engine systems course, students are required to write a paper on aselected engine system and to present the paper at an open symposium.

The technical content of the written paper and the presentation are thebasis of the assessment.

17




• Use appropriate computer based tools such as CFD, FEM and

simulation software for the design and evaluation of gas turbineengines and their components



• Make oral presentations to an expert audience and defend technical

work.

• Appreciate the cost, management and social effects of engineeringdecisions.

• Work effectively either as an individual or as a member of a team to

produce solutions to engineering problems

• Employ appropriate methods to identify and solve engineering

problems.

• Critically evaluate and select appropriate information in the

compilation of research literature.

• Effectively manage a project by planning work, imposing deadlines

and ensuring that they are met.

• Liaise with subject matter experts from industry to elicit information

and assistance in project work

• Confidently make well-informed decisions on operational and

economic aspects of gas turbine operation

• Undertake a research project and write a thesis on a gas turbine related

topic to include a literature survey, analysis, evaluation of results anddiscussion as appropriate.

• Make an effective and immediate contribution to the work of a

prospective employer


The skills are developed throughout the course through various activitiesassociated with the lecture courses, assignments, group based exercises,project work, presentations and interaction with external agencies.

The engine systems symposium is organised entirely by the students andis a team activity involving the marketing of the conference to externaldelegates and the raising of funds to cover its cost.

Students are encouraged to start their projects as early as possible and tolearn independently through research, consultation with subject matterexperts both within and outside the university and through frequentcontact with their supervisor.

Assessment

The application of the skills is assessed through the formal assessmentprocess and by continuous assessment which takes place throughout thecourse by assignments, oral presentations and group activities.

The research thesis is examined on the basis of literature survey, effort,application and results, analysis, discussion, conclusions and originality.In addition to having to present 3 oral progress reports to their peersthroughout the year, students are also subject to a viva voce examinationon technical aspects of their thesis.

18




See section 2.3



13 Course Director/Academic Leader(proposed at course approval stage)

Dr S Ogaji

19



2.2.3 MSc in Thermal Power (Rotating Machinery Engineering andManagement Option)






6 Course title Rotating Machinery Engineering andManagement



N/A

9 Course aims(1) To provide graduates with the in-depthknowledge and skills to meet the needs of thepower production, oil and gas and relatedindustries through high technology courses thatare focused on gas turbine engines and associatedtechnologies.

(2) To enable graduates to make better informeddecisions in an advanced technology field usingthe all-round knowledge imparted on the course.

(3) To enable graduates to make an immediateimpact in demanding workplaces using theknowledge gained on the course.

(4) To provide the skills required to enhance thecareers of graduates in a challenging field of high

technology.

20






requirementsof complex gas turbine engines, their components andassociated equipment.

• Demonstrate a knowledge of the basic concepts and theories of

combustion emissions, the greenhouse effect and the technologyavailable for the reduction of combustion emissions.

• Understand the design, operation, maintenance and the safety issues

concerning different driven equipment such as electric motors,generators, pumps, gas compressors and ship propellers.










turbomachinery blading for both the compressors and turbines of gas

turbine engines.• Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of combustion


• Apply management skills to financial issues, project organisation and

control, marketing, negotiation and presentation.Demonstrate a critical awareness of current research and development inthe field of gas turbine technology.



use of specialist software. A wider understanding of the subject matter isreinforced by industrial visits, invited lectures and assessed exercisesthroughout the course.

Assessment


In the engine systems course, students are required to write a paper on aselected engine system and to present the paper at a symposium. Thetechnical content of the written paper and the presentation are the basis

of the assessment.

21




• Use appropriate computer based tools such as CFD, FEM and simulation software for the

design and evaluation of gas turbine engines and their components.



• Make oral presentations to an expert audience and defend technical work.

• Appreciate the cost, management and social effects of engineering decisions.

• Work effectively either as an individual or as a member of a team to produce solutions to

engineering problems.• Employ appropriate methods to identify and solve engineering problems.

• Critically evaluate and select appropriate information in the compilation of research literature.

• Effectively manage a project by planning work, imposing deadlines and ensuring that they are

met.

• Liaise with subject matter experts from industry to elicit information and assistance in project

work

• Confidently make well-informed decisions on operational and economic aspects of gas turbine

operation.

• Undertake a research project and write a thesis on a gas turbine related topic to include a

literature survey, analysis, evaluation of results and discussion as appropriate.

• Make an effective and immediate contribution to the work of a prospective employer


The skills are developed throughout the coursethrough various activities associated with thelecture courses, assignments, group basedexercises, project work, presentations andinteraction with external agencies.The engine systems symposium is organisedentirely by the students and is a team activityinvolving the marketing of the conference to

external delegates and the raising of funds tocover its cost.Students are encouraged to start their projects asearly as possible and to learn independentlythrough research, consultation with subjectmatter experts both within and outside theuniversity and through frequent contact withtheir supervisor.

Assessment

The application of the skills is assessed throughthe formal assessment process and by continuousassessment which takes place throughout thecourse by assignments, oral presentations andgroup activities.

The research thesis is examined on the basis of literature survey, effort, application and results,analysis, discussion, conclusions and originality.In addition to having to present 3 oral progressreports to their peers during the year, studentsare also subject to a viva voce examination ontechnical aspects of their thesis.

22




See Section 2.3

12 Entry requirements 1st or 2nd class honours degree in a science,mathematics based or engineering subject or theirinternational equivalent. An individual with anHNC/HND or equivalent with considerableindustrial experience may also be considered.(IELTS 6.5, TOEFL 580/237, TOEIC 830)

13 Course Director/Academic Leader(proposed at course approval stage) Dr S Ogaji

23



2.2.4 MSc in Thermal Power (Power, Propulsion and theEnvironment Option)

1 Date last updated April 2008





6 Course title Power Propulsion and the Environment



N/A

9 Course aims(1) To provide graduates with the in-depthknowledge and skills to meet the needs of thepower production, oil and gas and relatedindustries through high technology courses thatare focused on gas turbine engines and associatedtechnologies vis-à-vis their environmental impactand mitigation.

(2) To enable graduates to make better informeddecisions in an advanced technology field usingthe all-round knowledge imparted on the course.

(3) To enable graduates to make an immediateimpact in demanding workplaces using theknowledge gained on the course.

(4) To provide the skills required to enhance thecareers of graduates in a challenging field of high

technology.

24






requirements of complex gas turbine engines, their components andassociated equipment.

• Evaluate the human impact on the environment and updated knowledge

of pollution control equipment and environmental management systemsand tools

• Demonstrate a knowledge of the basic concepts and theories of

combustion emissions, the greenhouse effect and the technologyavailable for the reduction of combustion emissions.










turbomachinery blading for both the compressors and turbines of gasturbine engines.

•

Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of combustionchemistry, the combustion process as encountered in practice and theinfluence of fuel properties on combustion performance.

• Apply management skills to financial issues, project organisation and

control, marketing, negotiation and presentation.


in the field of gas turbine technology.


The course is primarily delivered through the medium of lectures andseminars. However, where appropriate, tutorial sessions, workshopseminars, practical laboratory sessions and oral presentation to peers ona researched topic are used to enhance the learning experience. Inaddition, the simulation and diagnostics module requires the hands-onuse of specialist software. A wider understanding of the subject matter is

reinforced by industrial visits, invited lectures and assessed exercisesthroughout the course.

Assessment


In the engine systems course, students are required to write a paper on aselected engine system and to present the paper at a symposium. Thetechnical content of the written paper and the presentation are the basisof the assessment.

25




• Use appropriate computer based tools such as CFD and simulation software for the design and

evaluation of gas turbine engines and their components.



• Make oral presentations to an expert audience and defend technical work.

• Appreciate the cost, management and social effects of engineering decisions.

• Work effectively either as an individual or as a member of a team to produce solutions to

engineering problems.• Employ appropriate methods to identify and solve engineering problems.

• Critically evaluate and select appropriate information in the compilation of research literature.

• Effectively manage a project by planning work, imposing deadlines and ensuring that they are

met.

• Liaise with subject matter experts from industry to elicit information and assistance in project

work

• Confidently make well-informed decisions on operational and economic aspects of gas turbine

operation.

• Undertake a research project and write a thesis on a gas turbine related topic with environment

relevance to include a literature survey, analysis, evaluation of results and discussion asappropriate.

• Make an effective and immediate contribution to the work of a prospective employer


The skills are developed throughout the coursethrough various activities associated with thelecture courses, assignments, group basedexercises, project work, presentations andinteraction with external agencies.The engine systems symposium is organisedentirely by the students and is a team activityinvolving the marketing of the conference to

external delegates and the raising of funds tocover its cost.Students are encouraged to start their projects asearly as possible and to learn independentlythrough research, consultation with subjectmatter experts both within and outside theuniversity and through frequent contact withtheir supervisor.

Assessment

The application of the skills is assessed throughthe formal assessment process and by continuousassessment which takes place throughout thecourse by assignments, oral presentations andgroup activities.

The research thesis is examined on the basis of literature survey, effort, application and results,analysis, discussion, conclusions and originality.In addition to having to present 3 oral progressreports to their peers during the year, studentsare also subject to a viva voce examination ontechnical aspects of their thesis.

26




See Section 2.2.4 and 2.4



13 Course Director/Academic Leader(proposed at course approval stage) Dr S Ogaji

27



2.3 MSC THERMAL POWER – COURSE DESCRIPTION

2.3.1 MSC Thermal Power Course Options

Within the Thermal Power MSc. a range of lecture courses are presented, linked by thegas turbine theme, which permit differences in emphasis and application to be exploredand courses selected to reflect particular course member interests and career goals. Allthese courses involve a blend of lecture programme and an extensive design or researchthesis.

Gas Turbine Technology: This option covers the complete range of engine design tasks,embracing turbomachinery, combustor and aerodynamic components.

Aerospace Propulsion: This option permits the course member to study methods of propulsion such as the rocket, in addition to air breathing ramjets and gas turbines.

Power, Propulsion and the Environment: This option covers all aspects of the gasturbine and other industrial prime movers. It also provides course members with aknowledge of, and the ability to assess anthropogenic emissions.

Rotating Machinery Engineering and Management: This option reflects the increasinginterest in the gas turbine for industrial use. The procurement and operation of gas turbinebased plant requires a different blend of lecture courses from those appropriate to theengine designer and these are also reflected in the range of specialist options offered.

More information about the various options and subject selection follows in section 2.3.4of this manual.

2.3.2 Course Structure

Taught Part

The taught elements of the course comprising lectures, assignments and other forms of coursework are delivered and concluded in the first half of the academic year, i.e., byOctober-March. Lecture programmes are assessed by continuous assessment (projectreports, assignments, etc.) and/or formal written examinations. The taught element

accounts for 50% of the marks required for the MSc. All taught courses at Cranfield arequantified in terms of a credit tariff structure, which is explained in Section 2.3.3 below.

Thesis/Research Project

MSc. candidates have to undertake a project to complement the lecture programme. Thechoice of subject is left to each candidate and a list of topics is provided in Appendix D for guidance. Many of the project topics include interaction with externally sponsoredresearch and the Department's professional research officers. This project will form thewritten thesis which accounts for the other 50% of the mark required for the MSc.

2.3.3 Credit Structure

Credits are a measure of Course Member input into the course, defined in terms of

28



notional learning hours. Please note that credits in themselves are not a measure of achievement and a Masters level degree at Cranfield is not awarded on the basis of credits accumulated for individual elements (modules, project/thesis, Group DesignProject, etc) on the course. Instead, the number of credits attached to an individualelement on the course reflects the total number of notional learning hours (i.e. classcontact hours plus private study hours) associated with that element. The credit tariff for

the MSc in Thermal Power is 200 credits in total, which equates to 2000 notional learninghours. The taught element of the course equates to 100 of the credits needed. The thesisproject accounts for the remaining 100 credits.

The credit structure for MSc in Thermal Power is given in tabular form for each option onthe following pages.

29



CREDIT MAPPING FOR TAUGHT COURSES

M.Sc.Exams.0151Crdt.Trf MSc in Thermal Power

[With options in Gas Turbine Technology, Rotating Machinery Engineering & Management and Aerospace Propulsion,Power, Propulsion and the Environment ]

Taught Component = Mandatory Modules = 80

100 Credits/ NLH/50% of MSc Optional Modules = 20

Gas Turbine Technology

Option Module Title

ClassContactHrs (a)

PrivateStudyHrs (b)

TotalNLH(a) +(b)

Methodof

Assessment

Weightingw/in MSc

(%) Credits

Gas TurbineTechnology:

MandatoryModules[totalling 80credits]

Materials Selection 10 40 50 Assignment 2.5 5Blade Cooling 10 40 50 Exam 2.5 5Combustors 30 70 100 Exam 5 10Engine Systems 40 110 150 7.5 15

Fuels & Combustion 10 40 50 Exam 2.5 5Gas TurbinePerformance

30 70 100 Exam 5 10

Mech Des of Tmachinery

30 70 100 MIX 5 10

Simulation &Diagnostics

30 70 100 Assignment 5 10

Turbomachinery 30 70 100 Assignment 5 10

Gas Turbine

Technology:OptionalModules[CourseMembersselect aminimum of 20 credits]

Comp. FluidDynamics


Spec & Perf of Mechanical ERE

30 70 100 Exam 5 10

Fatigue & Fracture 20 55 75 Exam 3.75 7.5Gas TurbineApplications

20 80 100 Exam 5 10

Jet Engine Control 30 70 100 Exam 5 10Management for Technology

46 54 100 Exam 5 10

Propulsion SystemsPerformance & Int.

30 70 100 Exam 5 10

Piston Engines 20 55 75 Exam 3.75 7.5Space Propulsion 20 80 100 Exam 5 10Spacecraft System 10 40 50 Assignment 2.5 5Industrial PrimeMovers


Taught Component:

IRP/Thesis:

50 10050 100

Totals: 100 200

NOTE: MIX = Assessed partly (75%) by examination and partly by assignment.

30




MSc in Thermal Power (contd.)

Rotating Machinery Engineering & Management

Option Module Title

ClassContactHrs (a)

PrivateStudyHrs (b)

TotalNLH(a) +(b)

Methodof

Assessment

Weightingw/in MSc

(%) Credits

RotatingMachineryEngineering&Management: MandatoryModules[totalling 80credits]

Combustors 30 70 100 Exam 5 10Spec & Perf of Mechanical ERE

30 70 100 Exam 5 10

Engine Systems 40 110 150 Assignment 7.5 15Fuels andCombustion

10 40 50 Exam 2.5 5

Industrial PrimeMovers 20 80 100 Assignment 5 10

Gas TurbinePerformance

30 70 100 Exam 5 10

Management for Technology

46 54 100 Exam 5 10


RotatingMach. Eng.& Man.OpionalModules

[CourseMembersselect aminimum of 20 credits]

Materials Selection 10 40 50 Assignment 2.5 5Blade Cooling 10 40 50 Exam 2.5 5Comp. FluidDynamics


Fatigue & Fracture 20 55 75 Exam 3.75 7.5Simulation &Diagnostics



30 70 100 MIX 5 10

Piston Engines 20 55 75 Exam 3.75 7.5Gas TurbineApplications

20 80 100 Exam 5 10

Taught Component:

IRP/Thesis:

50 100

50 100

Totals: 100 200

NOTE: MIX = Assessed partly (75%) by examination and partly by Assignment.

31





Aerospace Propulsion

Option Module Title

ClassContactHrs (a)

PrivateStudyHrs (b)

TotalNLH(a) +(b)

Methodof

Assessment

Weightingw/in MSc

(%) Credits

AerospacePropulsion:MandatoryModules[totalling 80credits]

Combustors 30 70 100 Exam 5 10Engine Systems 40 110 150 Assignment 7.5 15Gas Turbine Theoryand Performance

30 70 100 Exam 5 10

Mech Design of Turbomachinery

30 70 100 MIX 5 10

Propulsion SystemPerformance & Int. 30 70 100 Exam 5 10

Simulation &Diagnostics


Spacecraft System 10 35 50 Assignment 2.5 5Turbomachinery 30 70 100 Assignment 5 10

AerospacePropulsion:OptionalModules[CourseMembers

select aminimum of 20 credits]



Spec & Perf of Mechanical ERE

30 70 100 Exam 5 10

Fatigue & Fracture 20 55 75 Exam 3.75 7.5Fuels and Combustion 10 40 50 Exam 2.5 5Gas TurbineApplications

20 80 100 Exam 5 10

Jet Engine Control 30 70 100 Exam 5 10Management for Technology

30 70 100 Exam 5 10

Piston Engines 20 55 75 Exam 3.75 7.5Space Propulsion 20 80 100 Exam 5 10

Taught Component:

IRP/Thesis:

50 100

50 100

Totals: 100 200


32





Power, Propulsion and the Environment

Option Module Title

ClassContactHrs (a)

PrivateStudyHrs (b)

TotalNLH(a) +(b)

Methodof

Assessment

Weightingw/in MSc

(%) Credits

Power,propulsionand theEnvironment:MandatoryModules[totalling 80credits]

Combustors 30 70 100 Exam 5 10EnvironmentalManagement


Engine Systems 40 110 150 Assignment 7.5 15Fuels andCombustion

10 40 50 Exam 2.5 5

Industrial PrimeMovers 20 80 100 Assignment 5 10

Gas TurbinePerformance

30 70 100 Exam 5 10

Management for Technology

46 54 100 Exam 5 10


Power,propulsionand theEnvironment:

OperationalModules[CourseMembersselect aminimum of 20 credits]



Fatigue & Fracture 20 55 75 Exam 3.75 7.5Simulation &Diagnostics



30 70 100 MIX 5 10

Piston Engines 20 55 75 Exam 3.75 7.5Gas TurbineApplications

20 80 100 Exam 5 10

Taught Component:

IRP/Thesis:

50 100

50 100

Totals: 100 200


33



2.3.4 Choosing Your Course Options

Each course participant is required to fill in an Option Selection Form to specify the subjects thathe/she will be attending in the course and on which he/she will be assessed. The assessment of these subjects is by means of written examination, assignment, continuous assessment or acombination of these methods.

The University requires that course members take modules which total 100 credits towards their MSc degree. Please note that it does not matter if the total comes to slightly more than 100 credits(ie 102.5 or 105) due to the allocation of credits per subject. The mandatory modules on each of the Thermal Power options are allocated 80 credits. Course members must therefore selectoptional modules totalling 20 credits (or as close as possible to 20 credits). If course memberswish to attend lectures on modules which they do not want to be credited towards their MSc (iethey want to attend the lectures to broaden their knowledge and not to be assessed), then theyshould indicate this in the appropriate space provided on the bottom of the subject selection form.

The final subject selection form can be found in Appendix C and must be returned to the CourseAdministrator no later than Friday 16 October 2009. Course members may consult their

supervisors for advice about the subjects.

Please note that after expiry of the deadline no further changes in the subject selection ispossible.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF COURSE MODULES CAN BE FOUND IN APPENDIX B OF THECOURSE MANUAL. PLEASE CONSULT TOO, THE PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNINGSECTION IN APPENDIX A

34



3.0 OTHER ELEMENTS OF THE COURSE, REGULATIONS ANDPROCEDURES

3.1 PRESENTATIONS AND SEMINARS

The ability to present material lucidly is an increasingly important skill which must beacquired by professional engineers. Consequently, course members are givenopportunities to improve their communication skills during the course.

3.2 ATTENDANCE AT LECTURES AND ASSESSMENTS

All students are expected to attend all components of the course for which they areregistered unless excused, for good cause, under the University's procedures. Studentsare required to complete all the assessments associated with the course. Failure tocomplete assessments will mean that the student will not normally be eligible for the award

of a distinction of the university other than at the discretion of the examiners.

Students are also expected to remain at Cranfield in the period between thesis hand-inand their oral examination.

3.3 ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES

Formal lecture courses are examined in accordance with School of Engineering practice.Prior to the examinations taking place all examination papers are seen and approved bythe course external examiner.

A penalty is applicable for late handing in of assignments which is equivalent to a5% reduction per working day of delay. The penalty is subtracted from the final totalmark.

Each course member is required to make a formal presentation on his/her thesis progressat set times in the academic year .

3.3.1 Assessment of Individual MSc Theses

The assessment of the individual thesis will be based on the following guidelines. The

examiners reserve the right to vary the percentages given where the marking schemedoes not produce a fair reflection of the thesis due to the nature of the work involved.

The individual thesis tests the ability to:

• Define the project by reference to the scientific, technical and/or commercial literature,

the critical appraisal of such literature and the justification of the research.

• Plan and manage the research programme, to define the work to be carried out and to

report the results in a clear manner.

3.3.1 Assessment of Individual MSc Theses (continued)

35



• Analyse the work, relate it to the work of others where appropriate and to be self-

critical.

• Communicate the work, its results and analysis in a technical and well presented

document.

Upon submission all Theses are reviewed by two internal examiners (one examiner beingthe course member’s supervisor), plus the external examiner. If the thesis mark awardedby the internal examiners varies significantly, then a third internal examiner is appointed.All course members are subject to a Presentation or Viva Voce examination in thepresence of the External Examiner, the Head of the Gas Turbine Engineering Group andmembers of Academic staff

The thesis is assessed as follows:

• Introduction, Background and/or Literature Survey 15%

• Work carried out: effort, application and results 35%• Analysis, discussion and conclusions 40%

• Style, presentation and reporting 10%

100%

The examiners reserve the right to vary the above percentages where the markingscheme does not produce a fair reflection of the thesis due to the nature of the workinvolved.

3.4 MINIMUM MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS

In order to qualify for nomination for the award of a MSc. the Course Member must satisfythe following criteria set by the Board of the Faculty of Engineering, Science &Manufacturing:

1. the overall weighted average mark for all examinable courses must not be less than50%.

2. the thesis project mark must not be less than 50%.3. no more than 30% of the minimum examination credits may have a score of less

than 40%4. core subjects: all marks count for final overall assessment.5. optional subjects: course members may elect to attend lectures and to sit

examinations for more than the minimum 100 credits required for the MSc.However, they must nominate the minimum number of credits that they require tobe assessed for their MSc. In certain circumstances, this may be as high as 105credits due to the credit weighting of individual optional subjects. The choice of whether a subjects is to be assessed must be done on either:-

- For Assignments: on the 'Assignment Hand-in Sheet' in Appendix CThis needs to be handed in with each assignment

- For Examinations: Students will be requested to sign-up for theexaminations and lists for this will be available in room 315 prior to

the examination period.

The overall weighted average mark must not be less than 50%. This figure is based onweighting factors of 50% for the examination results, and 50% for the thesis.

36



3.5 QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTORS FOR NON-NUMERICAL COURSEWORK ANDPROJECT WORK

The following descriptors of what might be typically expected of students within different

mark ranges are adopted within the Faculty of Engineering, Science and Manufacturing.These descriptors are offered as a tool for moderation and calibration after assessment inline with approved marking schemes for non-numerical coursework assignments andreports, group projects and individual projects. The mark ranges indicated reflect thecurrent policy of a 40% pass mark for individual elements of an MSc course.

37



MSc Qualitative Descriptors

Mark Standard Process

80-100% Excellent

1. Demonstrating a comprehensive knowledge andunderstanding of the subject and subfields.

2. High capacity for critical evaluation.

3. Novel application of the subject matter to a specificcontext.

Requiring a student to have:

1. Undertaken extensive further reading.

2. Produced a well structured piece of work.3. Demonstrated excellent communication

skills.

4. Exercised a high level of original thought.

70-79% Very Good

1. Demonstrating an extensive knowledge andunderstanding of the subject and subfields.

2. Very good capacity for critical evaluation.

3. Effective application of the subject matter to aspecific context.


1. Undertaken substantial further reading.

2. Produced a well structured piece of work.

3. Demonstrated very good communicationskills.

4. Exercised a significant level of originalthought.

60-69% Good

1. Demonstrating a good knowledge andunderstanding of the subject and subfields.

2. Good capacity for critical evaluation.

3. Competent application of the subject matter to aspecific context.


1. Undertaken some further reading.

2. Produced a well structured piece of work.

3. Demonstrated good communicationskills.

50-59% Satisfactory

1. Demonstrating a satisfactory knowledge andunderstanding of the subject and subfields.

2. Standard critique of the subject matter.3. Adequate application of the subject matter to a

specific context.


1. Undertaken adequate reading.

2. Produced an adequately structured pieceof work.

3. Demonstrated basic but satisfactorycommunication skills.

40-49% Poor

1. Demonstrating an inadequate knowledge andunderstanding of the subject and subfields.

2. Lacking critique of the subject matter.

3. Limited application of the subject matter to aspecific context.


1. Undertaken some relevant reading.

2. Produced a piece of work with a simplestructure.

3. Demonstrated marginal communicationskills.

0-39% Very Poor

1. Demonstrating a lack of knowledge andunderstanding of the subject and subfields.

2. Absence of critique of the subject matter.

3. Lacking application of the subject matter to aspecific context


1. Undertaken inadequate reading.

2. Produced a poorly structured piece of work.

3. Demonstrated poor communication skills.

38



3.6 EXAMINATION RESIT POLICY

The School of Engineering only allows resits under exceptional circumstances, for example through illness or personal problems. If due to an illness, a letter from an doctor,dated within one week of the illness is mandatory. Please note that doctors may chargefor such a letter.

3.7 PLAGIARISM AND COLLABORATION

Cranfield University defines plagiarism as follows:-

Plagiarism is the use, without acknowledgement, of the intellectual work of other people, and the act of representing the ideas or discoveries of others as one'sown in any work submitted for assessment or presented for publication. To copy sentences, phrases or even striking expressions without acknowledgement of source (either by inadequate citation or failure to indicate verbatim quotations)is plagiarism; to paraphrase without acknowledgement is also plagiarism.

The University takes a very serious view of plagiarism and regards it in the same way as itregards cheating in written examinations. While it is perfectly correct to reference other work in theses and assessments, it is unacceptable to "lift" or copy tracts of other workfrom literature on the internet. Furthermore, while it is acceptable to seek the advice of university staff and other course members on assignment work, it is generallyunacceptable (unless otherwise advised by university staff) to submit identical work for assessment. If you are found to have collaborated in circumstances where it is notpermitted or to have plagiarized someone else's work, the likely outcome is that you will bezero marked for that subject or in more serious cases, you could be excluded from theUniversity. If the subject in question is one of your optional subjects, then the zero markwill be included in your final average, irrespective of any additional optional subjects that you may have selected. In any case, the process is very unpleasant and could havesevere implications for your future career prospects. If you are in any doubt about either plagiarism or collaboration, you must seek the advice of your supervisor or the member of university staff who is responsible for teaching the course.

The University has recently introduced the anti-plagiarism software ‘Turnitin’ to checkassignment work. The assignments in the MSc Thermal Power course that will be subjectto checks using the ‘Turnitin’ software are:

• Materials Selection

• Computational Fluid Dynamics

• Engine systems

• Individual theses

You will be able to access the ‘Turnitin’ software through the medium of ‘Blackboard’ sothat you can check your own work (as many times as you wish) for plagiarism beforefinally submitting it. The University requires your work shows a similarity index of less than10% when checked against the software. The final submitted work will need to be bothelectronic, through ‘Blackboard’ and a hard copy.

3.8 THESIS/RESARCH PROJECT

39



The project should be defined by the end of the third week of the first term by handing theProject Selection Form (see appendix C) to the Course Administrator.

Responsibility of Supervisors and Students

The supervisor will:

1. give general guidance on the nature and standard of the thesis required2. agree with the student:

- the aims and objectives of the thesis- the methodology, resource needs and safety risk assessment- the thesis structure and contents list

3. agree with the student a regular programme of consultation. This timetable willdepend on the nature of the project and where it is undertaken. This consultationmay be made in person, by phone or email

4. provide detailed feedback on one chapter of the thesis in the context of item 2

above provided that this is submitted within a timescale previously agreed betweensupervisor and student5. ensure that adequate training on relevant equipment is provided.

The student will:

1. be responsible for the content of his/her own thesis2. be responsible for discussing with the supervisor the type of guidance and comment

which is found most helpful and agreeing a schedule of meetings (see (iv) above)3. be responsible for taking the initiative in raising problems or difficulties (personal or

technical) which may adversely affect his/her progress

4. be responsible for maintaining the progress of the work in accordance with advicesought from supervisor, including the presentation of written material in sufficienttime to allow for appropriate feedback

5. behave in an appropriate manner in all dealings with external sponsors/bodies6. be responsible in his/her use of facilities and equipment both on campus and off.

40



4.0 ACADEMIC YEAR ACTIVITIES

The MSc. Thermal Power is of twelve months duration. The Academic Year is outlined inthe timetable provided.

4.1 INTRODUCTORY TRAINING SESSIONS

In the first three weeks of the course a number of special lectures, seminars and trainingsessions are included. The aim of these activities is to provide course members with therequired information and skills for the efficient use of computational resources, libraryfacilities and the careers service.

4.1.1 Kings Norton Library

http://www.cranfieldlibrary.cranfield.ac.uk/

The Cranfield University Kings Norton Library is well stocked with technical literature,

books, journals, reports and reference material available in traditional printed format. Inaddition to the printed material a number of electronic resources are available that allowlibrary users to interrogate databases and access electronic journals and reports.

On the enquiry desk you have a dedicated Subject Information Specialist who is your mainpoint of contact within the Library. Contact them on ext 4447, 4451 or 4478 or via email [email protected]. They will provide individual and group training and supportthroughout your time on the course and are available to help you with your informationenquiries during library opening times. The Library’s philosophy is to provide you with the material you need, regardless of your

location, or whether or not the material is held in the Library. It provides access to a widerange of subject databases and electronic journal services, many of which can beaccessed from off-campus. These allow you to search for relevant articles, conferencepapers and reports, many of which are immediately available electronically in PDF format,or physically within the Library. Any items that you need which it does not have in stockcan usually be obtained through its fast, efficient interlibrary loans document supplyservice.

Special training sessions are timetabled to enable course members to take full advantageof the available library facilities:

Quick Start to the Library

The aim of this session is to introduce you to your subject specialist and provide a generaloverview of the Library and the services it offers to you, including the ‘Students off Site(SOS)’ (www.cranfieldlibrary.cranfield.ac.uk/sos) service for part-time students. You willlearn how to locate material we have in stock using the Library Catalogue.

We also have available and are producing short audio-visual tutorials which can be foundon our website at: www.cranfieldlibrary.cranfield.ac.uk/quickstart

Discovering quality information (for your assignments, projects and theses)

41


http://www.cranfieldlibrary.cranfield.ac.uk/sos

http://www.cranfieldlibrary.cranfield.ac.uk/quickstart


http://www.cranfieldlibrary.cranfield.ac.uk/sos

http://www.cranfieldlibrary.cranfield.ac.uk/quickstart



This session shows you how to search the Library's electronic resources efficiently andeffectively. You will learn how to create a search strategy, find out about the differenttypes of resources that are available for your particular needs and when it is appropriate touse them, learn how to evaluate your search results and how to obtain documents. Youwill have plenty of opportunity for hands on experience through several practical exercises.

After attending this session your Information Specialists are available for you to consult onan individual basis.

Writing and referencing

If you have not already had sessions on ‘Referencing and avoiding plagiarism’ and‘RefWorks’ organised as part of your course timetable, the Library also provides a trainingtimetable that runs these sessions regularly. You are welcome to book to attend these.Alternatively, they are happy to arrange group training sessions for your course.

fyi

The Library publishes a quarterly newsletter aimed at keeping you up to date with newresources but also provides a reminder and refresher to existing resources and hasincluded articles by past students. All students are automatically subscribed to fyi andback issues can be viewed at www.cranfieldlibrary.cranfield.ac.uk/fyi

4.1.2 INTRODUCTION TO CRANFIELD COMPUTER CENTRE SYSTEM

Cranfield University provides an extensive range of computational hardware and softwarewhich is available to Course Members. The distributed computer system includes PCsand UNIX workstations. Training sessions are scheduled that deal with the use of the NTnetwork of PCs and the UNIX workstations to enable course members to use the availableresources efficiently and effectively.

4.1.2a PC-CCNT Training

The organised training session deals with the use of the CCNT PC network that providesaccess to information tools, e-mail, internet access, programming tools office software andlarge engineering packages.

4.1.2b FORTRAN

A course on Fortran is offered for those who would like an introduction to this programme.

4.1.3 CAREERS SERVICE PRESENTATION

The Cranfield University Careers Service provides specialist resources and services toassist course members in their search for jobs. The careers service organises a number of seminars aimed to assist in application form completion, CV preparation, interviewtechnique, etc. Course members have always found these seminars to be a very valuablepart of their planning and preparation for employment upon course completion.

4.2 PRESENTATIONS

4.2.1 Seminar Presentations from Guest Speakers

The subject of the visiting presenters will be varied. If Thermal Power MSc. Course

42

http://www.cranfieldlibrary.cranfield.ac.uk/fyi

http://www.cranfieldlibrary.cranfield.ac.uk/fyi



Members wish to nominate and invite such speakers they are very welcome to do so. Thedetails would need to be discussed and agreed with the Course Director. Such initiativeshave proved very successful in the past.

4.2.2 Project Progress Presentations

On two occasions during the year, the candidates have to make presentations highlightingthe progress of their project. This is normally February and July.

The presentations are in the GOLD LECTURE ROOM. Each will consist of a 10-minutetalk followed by a 5-minute question period. Chairmen will give a verbal report at the endof the presentation. Chairmen will also produce a brief report summarising their views of the quality of their session. All Course Members will be required to attend ALL theproject presentations taking place on the day of their own presentation.

If one or more presenters wish to change the timetable, they should organise analternative. The agreement of the appropriate Chairman/Chairmen must be obtained. Nosessions should take place where the Supervisor of the presenter is also the Chairman.You should complete the top half of the “Project Seminar Presentation – Feedback Form”and hand it to the session Chairman before you start your presentation. (Spare copies canbe obtained from the Course Administrator).

4.3 MANAGEMENT FOR TECHNOLOGY COURSE

The Management for Technology Course is a [core/optional] subject. The course isorganised by the Cranfield School of Management in collaboration with the School of Engineering. The lecture courses are given over a period of two weeks and areimmediately followed by a written examination. For the duration of the Management

course, course members do not attend any other course of lectures.

The lectures for the Management for Technology Course are programmed to take placeon the first and second weeks of the second term. The dates set for this course are asfollows:

Monday 4th January – Tuesday 12th January 2010Friday 15th January 2010 (am) Management for Technology Course Examination

Course Members are advised that once they have agreed to undertake the Managementfor Technology Course, they cannot withdraw without consent from the Course Director.

Withdrawal must be at least FOUR weeks before the course starts. Course Members mayincur the cost of the course if short or no notice is given.

43



4.4 COMPRESSOR BLADING LECTURES AND WORKSHOPS

This short series of lectures and workshop forms part of the Turbomachinery Moduleand offered by a visiting lecturer, Mr Noel Seyb.

4.5 ORIGIN OF LOADS AND TURBINE BLADE DESIGN

These Origins of Loads lectures form part of the Mechanical Design of TurbomachineryModule. The Turbine Blade Design lectures are part of the Turbomachinery course. Bothsets of lectures are presented by a visiting lecturer, Mr Ken Langley.

4.6 WRITTEN EXAMINATIONS

Regulation Calculator for Examinations

Non-programmable calculators - Cranfield University has selected the Casio FX83MS or

the FX85MS as the model to be used for examination purposes. The difference is that theFX85MS runs on solar power and is a little more expensive than the FX83MS. The suffixMS changes from time to time, but FX 85 or FX83 remains the same. Both calculators areavailable from the CSA Shop. Please note that you will not be allowed to take any other model into the examinations.

January Examinations

An examination check sheet will be displayed in Nov 2009 asking Course Members tocheck that their names and examination subjects are listed correctly. Course Membersmust ensure that sufficient notice for alterations to the examination programme are givento the Course Administrator in writing, signed by the Course Member and Course Director.

Spring Examinations

An examination check sheet will be displayed in February 2010, asking CourseMembers to check that their names and examination subjects arelisted correctly. Course Members must ensure that sufficient notice for alterations to the examination programme are given to the Course Administrator in writing, signed by the Course Member and Course Director.

Course Members need to ensure that they have sufficient subject credits beforewithdrawing from any optional subjects.

It is necessary that Course Members check carefully the list of examinations entered. If any doubt arises, the candidate needs to contact the Course Administrator URGENTLY.

44



5.0 THESIS, ORALS AND RESEARCH POSTERS

5.1 THESIS PROJECT

The project is a very important part of the M.Sc. and it enables Course Members to focus

on a topic of their particular interest. Projects may be undertaken individually or in agroup. Throughout the year, Course Members will make two project presentations: one inFebruary and one in July (also with draft poster). In these presentations the CourseMember/s will be expected to describe the details of their project content, developmentand progress to their peers.

The overall project mark is based on the thesis (90%) and the oral/poster presentation(10%). The thesis is marked by the supervisor and the internal examiner, and ismoderated by the external examiner. An overall project mark of not less than 50% mustbe achieved.

A list of available thesis topics is included in Appendix D at the end of this manual.

5.2. MSC THESIS SUBMISSION DATE

The thesis hand in date for this academic year is not later than

17.00 hours on Monday 16 August 2010.

The thesis hand in date is fixed and extensions are granted only under exceptionalcircumstances.

5.3. THESIS HAND-IN PROCEDURE

Detailed instructions regarding thesis submission will be forwarded to you by the CourseAdministrator well in advance of submission dates. Venues for hand-in will also beconfirmed.

SUBMISSION TO DEPARTMENT – 16 TH AUGUST 2010

- Three Bound and labelled copies of your thesis UNLABELLED THESES WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED

- One cd with pdf version of your thesis for the Department

- Powerpoint Poster (see section 4.5.4 below for details of poster)

- Corrections:

You may be requirEd to make corrections to your thesis and you will be notified of any necessary corrections on or before the Oral Examinations will take place on 2ndand 3rd September 2010.

Correction must be completed before submitting to the Library on 8thSeptember 2010

LIBARY SUBMISSION:- 8 SEPTEMBER 2010

45



Students with no corrections need only supply:-

- One unbound copy of their thesis in cardboard wallet- One cd with pdf version of their thesis - cd case and cd must be labelled.- 3 copies of online thesis hand-in document

Students with Informal Corrections will need to

- amend and re-submit the three bound Department copies- One unbound copy of corrected thesis in cardboard wallet- One cd with pdf version of their thesis - cd case and cd must be labelled.- 3 copies of online thesis hand-in document

Student with Minor Corrections

You will be notified of the corrections by your supervisors and given a new date toresubmit your amended thesis. You will then need to resubmit to the department and tothe library..

5.4 THESIS ORAL AND POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Thesis Oral Presentation

PLEASE NOTE:Course Members are required to remain on the Cranfield campus for at least three

working days after the completion of the oral examinations. This is in order for allacademic and administrative procedures to be finalised.

The oral examinations take place over a two day period early in September. Not allstudents will be required to make a presentation. However, all Course Members shouldprepare and be ready to present to the examiners if so required. Course Members mustsubmit a copy of their presentation by means of a shared drive. This would normally bedone 5 working days prior to the oral date.

The oral examination lasts for half an hour for each candidate and is conducted in thepresence of a panel of examiners. This half hour is made up of the elements:

- Project presentation 15 minutes- Question session 10 minutes (candidate departs after this)- Examiners deliberation 5 minutes

Thesis Poster Presentation

46



All Course Members are asked to produce a powerpoint A1 poster summarising their thesis research for submission with their thesis on

18 August 2010.

A template and details for the creation of the poster will be distributed to Course member

nearer the due date.

The posters will be displayed and examined and will, along with the oral examination,make up 10% of the overall thesis mark.

6.0 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION

6.1 COURSE MEMBERS’ REPRESENTATIVE

Each year the Course Members elect a representative who acts as a channel of communication between the Course Members and the staff, passing on comments or ideas about the course and associated issues. They may also organise computer coursesconcerning programming or languages. The staff highly recommend this practice, as ithelps to create a co-operative staff-course member rapport and also provides the CourseMembers with a voice concerning matters that directly affect them.

6.2 ABESENCE

From the point of view of management of the course it is advisable for Course Members toinform the Course Administrator if they are going to be absent for more than 2 days bycompleting the form on page 51.

6.3 ILLNESS

It is important in the case of illness for Course Members to immediately complete theAbsence Form in Appendix C and forward it to the Course Administrator. Please

remember to keep a personal copy of completed forms.

6.4 REFERENCES AND STUDY CONFIRMATIONS

References

47



The Course Director and Project Supervisors will be only too happy to provide you with areference in support of job applications etc. towards the end of the course. However, it isunreasonable for course members to expect references anytime before the first set of examination results are known (usually about the middle of March). It is suggested that, if you require a reference before this time, you should really rely on either your previous

employer or the university where you completed your first degree.

Study Confirmations, Certificates of study, etc.

Some of you may be required to provide documents for your sponsors and homeuniversities.Please not that we require 5 working days notice to provide these. This is to allow us timeto ensure that documents are corrects and to get signatures from academic staff.Such documents will not be produced on an ad hoc basis.

6.5 PHOTOCOPY CREDITS

500 pages of photocopy credits will be loaded into your student ID card at the beginning of term. Pleasenote that you only have this credit from Dept. P&P ONCE. Additional copy credit can be purchased either fromMrs Sue Bennett in the Purchasing Office or from the CSA office.

In order to use your free copy credits for the first time you will need to follow the steps set our below:

1. Locate the photocopy machine in the landing area of 1st floor (opposite ladies toilets) past Forum in

Bldg 52. 2. Insert your student ID card in the card reader on the right hand side. Make sure your ID card photo

is facing up and the photo side goes into the reader first. The screen will ask for a password or pinnumber. Input your password (any 4 digit number you like) and make sure to memorise your password for future use!

3. Once your student ID card goes through the credit check, you can start to make photocopies.

APPENDIX A

48



PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

49



PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

Personal Development planning is linked to higher level learning and concerned withlearning in the holistic sense (academic and non-academic). It involved self-assessment,looking at your existing strengths and developing these further as well as consideringareas in which you would like to be more competent, and from that, drafting a personal

development plan to help you focus on the actions required.

Personal Development planning will help:

• integrate your personal and academic development

• enhance your self-awareness about your strengths and weaknesses

• better prepare you for seeking employment

• introduce you to a framework used widely in the workplace

• better prepare you for continuing professional development (CPD)

First you need to think about your current skills and prioritise which could be further developed. Consider the skills you will need both here at Cranfield for academic successand the skills that you will need in your future employment.

The skills specifically addressed in your MSc course are identified in the matrix on the nextpage. When you encounter each skill on your courses, you should pay particular attentionto areas where you feel you have an opportunity to improve. If necessary, you shouldrequest the help of appropriate members of staff.

For each skill, there are a set of competencies. The competency model has beendesigned to help you consider how competent you are in each area. In addition a sheethas been provided for you to assess yourself at each skill at the beginning and at the endof your course. In summary, if you wish to use this scheme to enhance and develop your skills for the future, you should:

a. Look at the skills matrix. Think about how the skills listed will help you through thecourse and your future employment.

b. Look at the competencies. Assess how competent you are at these skills now andrecord this on the table provided.

c. Actively consider skills through the course. Each time you encounter a skill in amodule, think about how you can develop your competence in that area.

d. Request help and feedback if required. Do not be frightened to ask staff for extrahelp and feedback, if you think that it would be beneficial to you.

e. Record your improvement . Review the competencies at the end of the course andidentify areas where you feel you have developed.

PDP Skills Matrix for MSc Thermal Power

50



Subject

C o m m u

n i c a t i o n s - w r i t t e n

C o m m u

n i c a t i o n s - s p o k e n

P r e s e n t a t i o n s ( O r a l )

T e a m w o r k

T i m e M a n a g e m e n t

P r

o j e c t M a n a g e m e n t

C r i t i c a l E v a l u a t i o n

P r o b l e m S

o l v i n g

N u m e r a c y

C o m p u t e r L i t e r a c y

Materials Selection x x X x x x

Blade Cooling x x X x x

Combustors x x X x x x

Engine Systems x x x x x x x

Fuels and Combustion X x x x

Gas Turbine Performance x x x X x x x

Mechanical Design of Turbomachinery

x x X x x

Propulsion SystemsPerformance and Integration

x x x x

Turbomachinery x x X x x

Computational Fluid Dynamics x x X x x x

Specification and Performanceof Mechanical and ElectricalRotating Machinery

x X x x

Fatigue and Fracture x X x x x

Gas Turbine Applications x x X x x x

Jet Engine Control x X x x

Simulation and Diagnostics x x X x xPiston Engines x x X x x

Space Propulsion X x x x

Spacecraft Systems x x x x x xManagement for Technology x x x x x X xSteam Plant and Diesels x x X x x

51



COMPETENCIES

Communicating Effectively and Presentation SkillsDefinitionsListens to others and effectively gets the message across to a wide variety of people and groups, usingthe most relevant means and style; presents information in visual form to enhance communication

Negative – Level 0

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4

Communication- written

Communicateswritteninformation ina way that canbemisinterpreted

Accuratelycommunicates factualinformation ina writtenformat

Adapts writtencommunication to suit thepurposes of the recipient

Presentswrittencommunication and chooseslanguage thatbuilds anddevelopspositiverelationships

Uses writtencommunicationto positivelyinfluence thedesiredoutcome andcreateenthusiasm

Communication- spoken

Talks in a waythat causesconfusion or aninappropriateemotionalresponse

Articulatessimpleinformation ina clear way.

Articulatesinformation ina way whichensures themeaning isclear to therecipients.Checks for understanding.

Plans oralcommunication for maximumimpact,includingconsiderationof factors suchas timing &group size.Constantlyseeks non-verbal andverbalfeedback to

checkaudienceresponse.

Uses languagein a way whichinfluences,inspires andenthusesothers.

Presentations(Oral)

Fails to usevisual aidsprofessionallyor in a waythat distractsfrom spokencommunication

Uses suitablevisual aidswith neutralimpact onaudience.

Adapts visualaids toillustrate andclarifyinformation inan organisedand positiveway.

Uses visualaids as anintegral part of communication to create apositive imageof own (andothers) work.

Uses visualaids tomaximumimpact tocreatediscussion andfeedback.Role model for others.

52



Management and Teamwork SkillsDefinition: Planning and engagement to achieve objectives for both self and others.



Teamwork Works inisolation.Only thinks of own needs.

Solicitsguidancewhen in doubt.Acknowledgesthe behaviour of others

Works andcommunicateseffectivelywithin andacross teams,responding tothe behaviour of others.

Worksconstructivelywith others,dealing withinternal conflict.Seeks solutionsfor the benefit of the team.

Activelyinitiates,builds, andmaintainsteams. Actsas a rolemodel inrelationshipbuilding.

TimeManagement

No forwardplanning or considerationof timerequired tocompletetasks.

Completestasks on timeas required

Considersdeadlines toset asideadequate timefor completionof tasks.

Plans scheduleto allowcompletion of tasks, withadditional timefor accommodatingunexpectedtasks or events.

Anticipatesworkloadallowingcapacity for multi-tasking andassistanceof others.

Project Management

Embarks onprojects withno clear aimsor objectives

mentallyformulatesaims,objectives andproject planswithoutstructure or dissemination

Follows basicrules of designand planningto deliver outcomeswithin timeresourceconstraints.

Designs, plansand articulatesprojects in anorganisedmanner.Incorporateseffectivedecision makingand problemsolving skillswithin a multi-functional team.

Activelyassessesprojectprocess andoutcomes.Evaluationof projectsused toimplementchanges for the benefitof futureprojects.

Critical Evaluation and Problem SolvingDefinitions: Questioning or inquiry to understand, evaluate or solve problems. Gathering andanalysing information to develop appropriate solutions.

Negative – Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4

53



Level 0CriticalEvaluation

Critical withoutvoicingsubstantiatedopinion.

Acceptswithoutquestion or evaluation.

Questions toevaluatestatus

Encouragesquestioningand criticalthinking andcontributestowards

improvement.

Constantlyquestions andseeks a better way.

ProblemSolving

Fails torecogniseproblems or contribute tothe problemsolvingprocess

Recognisesproblems anduses basicknowledge tosolveproblemswhererequired.

Recognisespotentialproblems andgathersinformation toimprovesituation onown initiative.

Works withothers torecognisepotentialproblems andengagesappropriatelywith others tosolve them.Utilisesinformation

from a widerange of sources inproblemsolving.

Activelyencouragesothers toanticipatepotentialproblems.promotescollectiveresponsibility for problem solving.Communicates

to encourage alogical approachto problemsolving.

Numeracy and Computer Literacy

Definitions: Ability in mathematics and use of information technology.



Numeracy Poor mental Articulates Articulates more Shows Actively

54



arithmetic or inability touse acalculator

basiccalculationsaccurately.Awareness of the need for statisticalanalysis.

complexcalculations withprovision of appropriateformulae. Abilityto indicatenature of

statisticalanalysisrequired.

evidence of the use of mathematicsand statisticsto analyseresults andpromote an

argument.

considersmathematicaland statisticalproblems attheexperimentaldesign stage.

Computer Literacy

Noexperienceof computer use.

Familiar withbasic usesuch assending andreceiving e-mail,accessing thewww andbasic word-

processing.

Regular use of e-mail as amode of communication.Confident use of MS Officeprogrammes.Routine use of databases and

search enginesfor gaininginformation.

Professionaluse of MSOffice. Use of programmesfor specialisttasks. Goodknowledge of specialistwebsites.

Use extends toprogrammingto meet ownneeds.

55



3Self Assessment Table for PDP Skills (0 = low, 4 = high)

Skill Competency at Start of Course (Rank at 0-4)

Competency at End of Course (Rank at 0-4)

Communications(Written)

Communications(Spoken)Presentation (Oral)

Time Management

Team Work

Problem Solving

Project Management

Critical Evaluation

Numeracy

Computer Literacy

Particular Skills for Improvement

Skill Date of next module where skill is

introduced, practised or assessed

56



57



APPENDIX B

MODULEDESCRIPTORS

58



Module Title Blade Cooling

Name of module co-ordinator Dr PA Rubini(a) Class contact

hours: 10(b) Private studyhours: 40

(c) Total notionalhours: 50

Credit rating: 5

Assessment method: Examination Compulsory/Optional: Compulsory for

Gas Turbine Technology option;Optional for Aerospace Propulsionand Rotating Machinery Engineeringand Management, Power, Propulsionand theEnvironment

Prerequisites: NoneAim: To introduce Course Members to the technology of blade cooling throughanalytical and practical approaches of heat transfer principles, convection cooling,impingement film transpiration cooling and liquid cooling.

Syllabus/Curriculum:

Heat Transfer Principles: Brief review of heat transfer principles and physicalsignificance of non-dimensional groupings. Conditions around blades, boundarylayers, external heat transfer coefficient distribution, effect of turbulence. Rootcooled blades and NGVs:analytical and numerical methods of determining spanwisetemperature distribution. Example. Fibre strengthened and nickel base alloys. Needfor high turbine entry temperature: effect on engine performance. Development of materials, manufacturing processes and cooling systems.

Convection Cooling: Convectively cooled aerofoils: analytical approach for metaland cooling air spanwise temperature distribution. Cooling passage geometry andheat transfer characteristics. Cooling efficiency, cooling effectiveness and mass flowfunction: application at project design stage for determining metal and cooling air

temperatures. Methods for optimising cooling system design: secondary surfacesand multipass. Internal temperature distribution of cooled aerofoils: calculations,comparisons with experimental results.

Impingement, Film and Transpiration Cooling: Principles, steady state andtransient performance, characteristics, advantages, limitations, comparison withconvection cooling. Cooling air feed and discharge systems. Integration of cooledturbine with aerodynamic performance and main engine design. Co-ordination of design responsibilities. Example of cooled turbine stage design.

Liquid Cooling: Liquid cooling: principles, advantages and limitations, practicalexamples.

Intended Learning Outcomes: On completion of the course the Course Member should be able to: apply the basic concepts and theories of heat transfer and differentcooling technologies to cooling of turbine blades.

59



Module Title Combustors

Name of module co-ordinator Professor R Singh(a) Class contact

hours: 30(b) Private studyhours: 70


Credit rating: 10

Assessment method: Examination Compulsory/Optional: Compulsory for all Thermal Power options

Prerequisites: NoneAim: To make Course Members familiar with design, operation and performancecriteria of gas turbine combustion and reheat systems and to explore issues relatedto gas turbine pollutant emissions.


Introduction to gas turbine combustion systems:Role of the combustor within the gas turbine. Introductory comments on combustionThe elements of a gas turbine combustor. Types of combustors used in gas turbinesLife consideration. Design changes and drivers for design change.Fuel preparation and the ignition process for gas turbine combustion systems:Fuel preparation and atomisation using spray nozzles, airblast or vaporizing systems.Mixing and recirculation in combustors, relation to stability and outlet temperatureprofiles. The ignition process and ignition systems.Diffusers:The role of diffusers in the gas turbine engine. Flow characteristics and limitations.Performance parameters and the influence of inlet conditions. Correlation charts.Design methods. Sudden expansions and short diffusers. Test techniques.Operational criteria for gas turbine combustion systems:Pressure loss and combustion approaches to optimising combustor dimensions.Combustion efficiency considerations, implications of fuel type on fuel evaporationand efficiency.

Gas turbine combustion generated pollutant emissions:Background, fuel utilisation, pollutant types and implications. Legislation, designimplications and design options. Current technology status. Pollutant productionprocesses.Combustor cooling and metal temperatures:Nature of the problem and possible design solutions. Basis of film cooling anddesign considerations. Heat transfer by internal and external convection. Internaland external radiative heat exchange. Determination of combustor wall metaltemperatures. Combustor materials and coatings.

Learning Outcomes: On completion of the course the Course Members shouldunderstand basic concepts and theories of combustors concerning combustor

structures, fuel preparation, ignition, diffuser performance calculation, operationalcriteria, pollutant emissions, cooling and material technology and reheat systems.

60



Module Title Computational Fluid Dynamics in GasTurbines

Name of Module Co-ordinator Dr PA Rubini/Dr Amaral Teixeira(a) Class Contact

Hours: 30(b) Private StudyHours: 70

(c) Total NotionalHours: 100

Credit Rating: 10

Assessment Method: Assignment Compulsory/Optional: Optional for all

options of Thermal Power.

Prerequisites: None

Aim: To introduce Course Members to computationally-based flow modelling,applicable to engines, and to provide experience in the use of a widely availablecommercial CFD code through enhanced understanding of the complex viscous flowand heat transfer phenomena involved.


Flow Modelling StrategiesIntroduction to computational fluid dynamics and the role of CFD in enginecomponent evaluation and improved design. Review of current capabilities and futuredirections.

Physical ModellingGoverning Navier-Stokes equations. Approximate forms. Turbulence - turbulentaveraging, mathematical closure and turbulence modelling. Scalar transport andchemical reaction. Reynolds averaging, Large Eddy Simulation, Direct NumericalSimulation.

Finite Difference EquationsProblem classification. Discretisation. Solution methods. Pressure correction.Boundary conditions. Mesh generation for practical flow geometries.

Practical DemonstrationIntroduction to a commercially available general purpose CFD code ( FLUENT )Case study tutorial and assessed assignment.

Learning Outcomes: On completion of the course the Course Member should:understand basic concepts and theories of computational fluid dynamics and wouldbe capable of using a commercial CFD package ( FLUENT).

61



Module Title: Engine Systems

Name of Module Co-ordinator Dr I Li(a) Class Contact



Credit Rating: 15

Assessment Method: Assignment Compulsory/Optional: Compulsory for all options of the Thermal Power MSc.

Prerequisites: None

Aim: To familiarise Course Members with engine systems for stationary and aerogas turbines.


Systems Symposium Topics

Engine systems and auxiliaries for both aero and stationary gas turbines is coveredby means of a 'Systems Symposium', run by the MSc class. Topics covered by theSystems Symposium are: Intake systems for aero engines and industrial gasturbines; Anti-icing for aeroengines and industrial gas turbines; Start systems for aeroengines and industrial gas turbines; Start sequences for industrial gas turbines;Compressor bleed and variable guide vanes; Variable geometry nozzle guide vanes;Gas path sealing of aero gas turbines; Noise control of gas turbines; Air filtration for industrial gas turbines; Compressor and turbine cleaning systems; Full authority andother electronic control systems

Outline syllabus for a few sample individual topics:

Ignition system: Requirements and problems of altitude relight. Types of system-booster coils, high frequency, high energy and their application.

Starting Systems: Electrical systems - low and high voltage, turbine systems-cartridge, iso-propyl nitrate, fuel-air, gas turbine, low pressure air and hydraulicsystems and their applications.

Air systems: requirements, methods of cooling, pressure balancing of end loads,sealing, applications.

Learning Outcomes: On completion of the course the Course Member should

demonstrate an understanding of the performance, running procedure and designrequirements for different engine systems. Course members would also demonstratean understanding of how to find, summarise and present the material.

62



Module Title Environmental Management

Name of module convenor/leader/co-ordinator

Dr Ossama Badr

(a) Class contact hours: 30

(b) Private studyhours: 70


Credit rating: 10

Assessment method: Assignment Compulsory for the Power, Propulsionand the Environment Option

Prerequisites: None

Aim: Full appreciation of the human impact on the environment and updatedknowledge of pollution control equipment and environmental management systemsand tools.


• Environmental pollution − an introduction• Atmospheric pollution• Environmental impacts of atmospheric pollution• Dispersal of atmospheric pollutants• Control of atmospheric pollution• Water pollution• Water and wastewater treatment• Overview of waste management• Environmental legislation• Environmental liabilities• Introduction to environmental impact assessment

.

Learning outcomes:On successful completion of the module the student will be able to:

• Demonstrate a knowledge of the sources of atmospheric and water pollution and their environmental impacts

• Appreciate environmental issues commonly facing industrialorganisations

.

63



Module Title: Fatigue and Fracture

Name of Module Convenor/Leader/Co-ordinator

Mr A S Haslam

(b) Class ContactHours: 20

(b) Private StudyHours: 55


Credit Rating: 7.5

Assessment Method: Examination Compulsory/Optional: Optional for alloptions of the Thermal Power MSc.

Prerequisites: None

Aim: To enable Course Members to estimate the cyclic life of machines and machinecomponents using both stress and strain based methods and to provide anunderstanding of machine lifing philosophies.


1. Brief overview of conventional stress based lifing methods and the estimation of factor of safety using Goodman Diagrams.2. Multi-axial fatigue: The use of Sines method to estimate equivalent mean andalternating stresses.3. Cycle counting methods involving variation in fatigue stress concentration factor,in particular the ‘Rainflow Cycle Counting Method’.4. Low cycle fatigue:

a. The significance of using strain based methods as opposed to stress basedmethodsb. The use of the Neuber and Linear rules in conjunction with the Coffin andManson equation or Manson’s Equal Slopes equation to estimate the cyclic life of a component

5. Introduction to linear elastic fracture mechanics and the use of the Paris equationto estimate the cracked life of a component.6. Lifing philosophies including deterministic, damage tolerance and probabilisticmethodologies.

Learning Outcomes: On completion of the course, the course members should beable to:1. Assess the safety/mechanical integrity of a component loaded in mult-axial cyclicloading.2. Determine the life of a component from a complex alternating load history usingan appropriate cycle counting method and stress based lifing methodology.3. Determine the total strain in a component subject to low cycle fatigue loadingmaking use of an ‘elastic-perfectly-plastic’ stress-strain hysteresis loop and use theresult in an appropriate strain/life equation to estimate the cyclic life.4. Understand the criteria for using the methods Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanicsto estimate the cracked life of a component and demonstrate the use of the Parisequation to estimate such a life.5. Describe the lifing philosophies used in the lifing of major machine componentswhich are subject to low cycle fatigue failure.

Module Title: Fuels and Combustion

Name of Module Co-ordinator Dr E Goodger and Dr S Ogaji(a) Class Contact



Credit Rating: 5

64



Assessment Method: Examination Compulsory/Optional: Compulsory for all options of the Thermal Power MSc

Prerequisites: None

Aim: To familiarise Course Members with the thermodynamic principles underlyingcombustion calculations based on chemical equilibrium and finite rate chemistry; to

identify the influence of fuel properties on combustion performance and to provide anunderstanding of the combustion process as encountered in practice.


Combustion ThermochemistryBasic concepts - stoichiometry, product analysis, combustion temperature.Combustion at constant pressure and constant volume - heats of formation andreaction, sensible enthalpy. Adiabatic flame temperature and product composition.Chemical equilibrium. Chemical kinetics. Pollutant formation.

Basic Fuel Properties and Combustion Performance

Structure of hydrocarbon fuels. Hydrocarbon series. Aviation blends. Combustion-related fuel properties -distillation, volatility, spontaneous ignition temperature, flashpoint, thermal stability and smoke point - and test methods.

Flames and Flame StructureCombustion applications. Laminar homogeneous combustion. Flammability,quenching and ignition. Flame stability. Non-premixed ( diffusion ) flames. Turbulentcombustion - time-averaged and instantaneous representations of flame structure,turbulence interaction, theoretical modelling concepts.

Learning Outcomes: On completion of the course the Course Members should

demonstrate an understanding of the basic theories and combustion calculations, aswell as flames and flame structure.

65



Module Title: Gas Turbine Applications

Name of Module Co-ordinator Professor R Singh(a) Class Contact



Credit Rating: 10

Assessment Method: Examination Compulsory/Optional: Compulsory for the

Rotating Machinery Engineering andManagement option; Optional for the gasTurbine Technology, Aerospace Propulsionand Power, Propulsion and the Environment options.

Prerequisites: NoneAim:. To familiarise Course Members with applications of gas turbines for both landbased use and as propulsion systems and to consider criteria which influence designand selection.Syllabus/Curriculum:General considerations in selecting land and marine gas turbinesRelationship of application to design. Specific power and efficiency considerations.

Emergency standby, peaking and continuous duty operation. Design layouts,implications of single and multi-spool systems. Choices for power generation andcompressor, pump or propeller drives. Engine ratings, types of usage and lifeimplications. Introduction to availability and reliability issues. Emissions, fuel types andpower systems layouts.Civil aero gas turbine design and strategy consideration.Historical background, nature of industry and market size. Technology drivers, coreexcess power, cycle temperatures, materials and cooling. Component efficiencies, cycleand propulsion efficiencies. Overall efficiency trends, design implications and unusualsolutions. Growth, risk management and globalisation of industry.Availability, reliability, engine health monitoring and risk management.Availability and reliability concerns for single and multiple engine configurations. Engine

health monitoring, linear and non-linear gas path analysis. Role of instrumentation, lifeusage and risk assessment. Reliability and availability of components and multi-engineinstallations.Use of heavy, blended, contaminated or crude fuels.Introduction, type and range of fuels considered, fuel specifications. Fuel properties andimplications for fuel system and combustor design. Hot section corrosion considerations,additives, fouling, cleaning and rating considerations. Implications on choice of engineand economic operation.Coal and solid fuels.Relevance of coal as a fuel for gas turbine utilisation. Routes to coal utilisation,gasification, coal derived liquid fuels. Combustion of solid coal, atmospheric andpressurised fluid bed combustion.Current developments, technology and commercial

risks.Learning Outcomes: On completion of the course the Course Members shoulddemonstrate an understanding of the different criteria and design and selectionrequirement for gas turbine applications.

66



Module Title: Gas Turbine Theory and Performance

Name of Module Co-ordinator Professor P Pilidis(a) Class Contact



Credit Rating: 10

Assessment Method: Examination Compulsory/Optional: Compulsory for all options of the Thermal Power MSc.

Prerequisites: None

Aim: To familiarise Course Members with different types of gas turbine; their applications, design and transient performance. Also, to introduce simulationtechniques.


Gas Turbine Types and ApplicationsEffect of design pressure ratio and turbine temperature on the basic gas turbinecycle. Modifications of the basic cycle, compounding, intercooling, reheating, heatexchange, bypass and fan cycles.

PerformanceDesign point performance of turbojet and turboshaft cycles, effect of bypass ratio.Off design performance, effect of ambient temperature, altitude, throttle setting andflight speed. Non-dimensional representation. Gas turbine simulation. Effects of bleeds and power offtakes. Compressor turbine matching.

Gas Turbine Transient Performance

Accelerations, decelerations, effects on surge margin. Transients of single shaft andmulti-shaft engines. Transient performance simulation. Method of Continuity of Mass Flow (CMF) and method of Intercomponent Volumes (ICV). Effects of heattransfer on transient performance.

Variable GeometrySurge alleviation, performance improvements, steady state and transientperformance.

Variable Cycle Aircraft EnginesRequirement, effects on compressor operating lines, compressor variable geometry,turbine variable geometry.

Learning Outcomes: On completion of the course the Course Members shoulddemonstrate an understanding of the basic concepts and theories of gas turbinecycles and components performance calculation under steady-state and transientconditions

67



Module Title: Industrial Prime Movers


Dr H Mashmoushy/Dr D Griffiths

(a) Class Contact Hours: 20



Credit Rating: 10

Assessment Method: Assignment Compulsory/Optional: Optional forRotating Machinery Engineering andManagement option. Compulsory for thePower, Propulsion and EnvironmentOption

Prerequisites: None

Aim:. To familiarise Course Members with steam plants and their properties, theRankline and Diesel cycles, nuclear reactors and boilers and their performanceparameters, and recent developments in engine design and performance.


Steam Plant Steam properties, the Rankine cycle. The effects on cycle efficiency of steamtemperature, boiler pressure and condenser pressure. Rankine cycle with superheat.Rankine cycle with superheat and reheat. Supercritical Rankine cycle. Efficiencyand optimum reheat pressure. Regenerative cycle, single feed heater, regenerativecycle - multiple feed heaters. Steam turbines, simple impulse, velocity compounded,pressure compounded pressure velocity compounded. Reaction turbines, bladingcondensers.

Nuclear Power Plant Gas cooled reactors. Liquid cooled reactors. Boiler plant, fire tube boilers, water tube boilers, closed feed systems, feed water treatment, coal firing systems.

Diesel Engine PerformancePerformance parameters, Diesel cycle, distribution of heat in diesel engines, dieselengine operation, Mechanical details, auxiliary systems, fuel, lubricating oil andcooling water.

Recent developments. Waste heat recovery systems. Single pressure cycles, dualpressure steam cycles, organic fluid cycles, CHP - process requirements, districtheating, back pressure turbines.

Learning Outcomes: On compltion of the course the Course Members shoulddemonstrate an understanding of the layouts and basic concepts of seam plant anddiesels as well as the associated performance calculations.

68



Module Title: Jet Engine Control


Dr K Ramsden/Professor P Pilidis/Mr MYates




Credit Rating: 10

Assessment Method: Examination Compulsory/Optional: Optional for theGas Turbine Technology andAerospace Propulsion options.

Prerequisites: None

Aim:. To explain the philosophy of jet engine control requirements and systems togas turbine engineers.


The course content will cover the following:

Description of jet engine components interactions, limitations and the need for control.

Control mechanisms and their influences on jet engine performance.

Compressor and Turbine Characteristics and matching.

Variable Geometry in compressor, turbines and propelling nozzles.

The use of bleed valves.

Acceleration and deceleration fuel schedules.

Explanation of fuel transfer from aircraft to engine.

Hardware Design: Hydromechanical control systems. Speed and accelerationcontrol. Electronic and digital control systems.

Future issues.

Learning Outcomes: On completion of the course the Course Members shoulddemonstrate an understanding of the objectives of control philosophies and systems,means to influence aero gas turbine engine performance and the differentmechanisms that allow the safe and efficient operation of a jet engine.

69



Module Title Materials Selection

Name of module convenor/leader/co-ordinator

Professor P Irving (SIMS)

(b) Class contact hours: 10

(b) Private studyhours: 40


Credit rating: 5

Assessment method: Assignment Compulsory/Optional:Compulsory for the Gas Turbine Tech.Option: Optinal for Rotating Mach &Mgt ,Aerospace Propulsion and Power,Propulsion and the Environment options.

Prerequisites: None

Aim: To make course members aware of factors controlling materialsperformance and procedures for selection of materials.


This module will focus on the predominant materials used in engineeringmanufacture. Brief mention will be made of other engineering materials, suchas titanium alloys. Material factors and materials selection principles tooptimise resistance to the major failure modes, fatigue and wear will beincluded. Special attention will be paid to surface treatments to optimiseresistance to fatigue, wear, oxidation and erosion. The factors influencingchoice of hardening treatment and substrate material will also be defined.

Practical examples will be used to illustrate material selection principles, andguidance will be given on the use of handbooks and databases in support of materials selection.

Topics Covered:

In service failure processes- fatigue, wear, corrosion anderosion, oxidation and creep.Design failure criteria.Mechanical properties.Materials selection principles.Surface treatments.

Standards, handbooks and data bases.

Learning outcomes: On completion of the course the Course Member should be able to short list candidate materials for particular applications;recognising the relative merits and limitations of materials.

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Module Title: Mechanical Design of Turbomachinery


Mr A S Haslam

(c) Class ContactHours: 30



Credit Rating: 10

Assessment Method: 3 hour examination and 4 assignments

Compulsory/Optional: : Compulsory forthe Gas Turbine Technology andAerospace Propulsion options of theThermal Power MSc; Optional for theRotating Machinery Engineering andManagement option.

Prerequisites: None

Aim:.To familiarise course members with the common problems associated with themechanical design and the lifing of the major rotating components of the gas turbineengine


Loads/forces/stresses in gas turbine engines: The origin of loads/forces/stressesin a gas turbine engine such as loads associated with: rotational inertia, flight,precession of shafts, pressure gradient, torsion, seizure, blade release, enginemountings within the airframe and bearings. Discussion of major loadings associatedwith the rotating components and those within the pressure casing includingcomponents subject to heating.

Failure criteria: Monotonic failure criteria: proof, ultimate strength of materials.Theories of failure applied to bi-axial loads. Other failure mechanisms associated

with gas turbine engines including creep and fatigue. Fatigue properties includingSN and RM diagrams, the effect of stress concentration, mean stress etc.Cumulative fatigue, the double Goodman diagram technique to calculate the fatiguesafety factor of gas turbine components. The rainflow cycle counting technique andcumulative fatigue used to estimate the life of a component. Methods of calculatingthe creep life of a component using the Larson-Miller Time-Temperature parameter.

Applications: The design of discs and blades. Illustration of the magnitude of stresses in conventional axial flow blades by means of a simple desk-top method toinclude the effects of leaning the blade. The stressing of axial flow discs by means of a discretised hand calculation which illustrates the distribution and relative magnitudeof the working stresses within a disc. The design of flanges and bolted structures.Leakage through a flanged joint and failure from fatigue.

Blade vibration: Resonances. Desk top techniques for calculating the low order natural frequencies of turbomachine blades. Allowances for the effects of blade twistand centrifugal stiffening. Sources of blade excitation including stationary flowdisturbance, rotating stall and flutter. Derivation of the Campbell diagram from whichtroublesome resonances may be identified. Allowances for temperature, pre-twistand centrifugal stiffening. Methods for dealing with resonances.

Turbomachine rotordynamics: Estimation of the critical speeds of shafts using theRayleigh-Ritz and Dunkerley’s methods and their relevance to gas turbine engines.

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Learning Outcomes: On completion of the course the Course Members should beable to:1. Describe the loads encountered by gas turbine components during normaloperation2. Demonstrate an understanding of the design requirements of gas turbineturbomachinery components.3. Perform straightforward calculations involving bi-axial monotonic loads on gas

turbine rotating components and to apply appropriate failure criteria.4. Estimate the fatigue safety factor of a gas turbine blade or shaft subject to twocyclic amplitudes of fatigue loading.5. Perform hand calculations to estimate the stresses in turbomachine blades anddiscs6. Calculate the low order natural frequencies of turbomachine blades and use themin conjunction with Campbell diagrams to suggest solutions to problems withdangerous resonances in the running range of the engine.7. Design a flanged joint making allowances for leakage and fatigue failure.8. Calculate the critical speed of a shaft with point loads representing a turbine andcompressor.

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Module Title: Piston Engines


Dr D Griffiths




Credit Rating: 7.5

Assessment Method: Examination Compulsory/Optional: Optional for alloptions of the Thermal Power MSc

Prerequisites: NoneAim:.To provide course members with a general understanding of piston engineoperationSyllabus/Curriculum:

♦ Ideal cycles: the Otto cycle, the diesel cycle, the dual combustion cycle. Ideal cycle

internal combustion engine cylinder performance, power calculations and efficiency.

♦ Operating cycles: the four stroke and two stroke cycle engine. Gas exchange processes

and the essential difference between spark and compression ignition engines. Basicpower calculations.

♦ Fuels and combustion for internal combustion engines; air fuel ratios and stoiciometricconditions. Fuel delivery systems; carburettor and fuel injection systems for petrolengines; fuel delivery arrangements for gas engines; fuel injection (including common rail)systems for diesel engines.

♦ Spark ignition engines (petrol and gas); design and operation including performance

defects.

♦ Diesel engines (including duel fuel gas and liquid fuel); design and operation including

performance defects.

♦ The Wankel engine.

♦ Supercharging: methods of supercharging and the effect on engine performance and

power development.

♦ Emissions and emission control

Learning Outcomes:On completion of the course the Course Members will be able to:Perform calculations on ideal internal combustion cycles given boundary conditions.Describe the differences between the two and four stroke internal combustion engineoperating cycles and explain how the cylinder gas exchange is achieved.Find the stoiciometric air supply required for a fuel of given composition and the air massrequired when excess air is supplied.Explain how fuel is supplied to an engine and how precise fuel measurement is achieved for acarburettor or fuel injection system.Explain how and why accurate timing of diesel fuel injection and a spark are required and theconsequences of advanced or retarded fuel injection or spark timing.Describe the essential differences between the petrol and compression ignition engine and

between two and four stroke cycle engines.Calculate cylinder power and specific fuel consumption from basic data.Describe the reasons for and the means of achieving supercharging; basic air requirementcalculations.State the emissions from petrol and diesel engines and explain emission reduction.Describe the Wankel engine and state its advantages over the reciprocating engine.

73



Module Title: Gas Turbine Simulation and Diagnostics


Dr I Li, Dr V Pachidis




Credit Rating: 10

Assessment Method: Assignment Compulsory/Optional: Compulsory for Aerospace Propulsion: Optional for all options of the Thermal Power MSc

Prerequisites: None

Aim: To provide course members with an understanding of gas turbine componentperformance calculations, diagnostics and the evaluation of gas turbine performanceand deterioration.


The lecture content covers: Basic theory and calculations for components (intake, nozzle, duct, compressor,

turbine, combustor, intercooler and recuperator). Design-point performance calculations. Off-design performance calculations and iteration techniques. Gas Turbine Performance Code: TURBOMATCH. Description of gas turbine performance degradation and faults. Description of most commonly used gas turbine condition monitoring techniques. Linear and on-linear GPA, and other performance analysis based diagnostic

techniques.

The practical content involves the use of the small gas turbine engine test facility andcovers: Laboratory performance test (in teams of 3). Simulation of the engine performance using TURBOMATCH. Simulation of the deteriorated performance of the engine. Fault diagnosis using linear Gas path Analysis (GPA) by hand calculation. Fault diagnosis by non-linear GPA using available software.

Learning Outcomes: On completion of the course the Course Members should dbe able to:Describe and calculate gas turbine component performance.

Analyse gas turbine performance at design and off-design points.Assess the influence of ambient conditions on gas turbine performance.Understand the nature of different gas turbine degradation and faults.Understand different diagnostic techniques.Detect gas turbine faults with linear and non-linear GPA.Carry out analytical procedures as part of a team.

Nb This course is split into 15 hours by Dr Pachidis and 15 hours by Dr Li

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Module Title: Propulsion Systems Performance andIntegration

Name of Module Co-ordinator Mr D Williams/Professor P Pilidis(a) Class Contact



Credit Rating: 10

Assessment Method: Examination Compulsory/Optional: Compulsory for Gas Turbine Technology andAerospace Propulsion options of theThermal Power MSc

Prerequisites: NoneAim:. To equip Course Members with background knowledge of aircraft propulsion,component performance integration.Syllabus/Curriculum:

The course is divided into two major components:- Component Performance- System Performance and Integration

Component PerformanceThree main topics are dealt with in this section: Aircraft Performance, Jet EnginePerformance and Intakes and Exhaust Systems.

Aircraft Performance:Deals with the major topics of flight and aerodynamics, such as lift, drag, range, performanceand a section on the design of aircraft for different purposes.

Jet Engine Performance:Focuses mainly on the off-design performance of jet engines. Engine behaviour at differentaltitudes, flight speeds, ambient conditions and throttle settings are described. This topicfeatures a presentation on the design of engines for various types of aircraft.

Intakes and Exhaust Systems:Outlines the major design features and operation of the components for subsonic andsupersonic aircraft applications.

System Performance and Integration:This portion of the course starts with the analysis of fundamental aerodynamics of unductedand ducted bodies. This is followed by the development, via the formal definitions of thrustand drag and the concept of stream-tube momentum force, of the relationship between thenet propulsive force of the powerplant, engine thrust and nacelle forces. Alternativeperformance accounting relationships are developed for various choices of thrust interfaceusing force, drag and the hybrid force/drag method. These are employed to illustrate theinterplay between component forces. The treatment addresses the long and short-cowlpodded nacelles, appropriate to civil engine installations, on- and off-wing; and the highlyintegrated installations encountered in military aircraft.

Learning Outcomes: On completion of the course the Course Members shoulddemonstrate an understanding of component performance and system performanceand Integration.

75



Module Title: Space Propulsion


Mr R Parkinson




Credit Rating: 10

Assessment Method: Examination Compulsory/Optional: Optional for alloptions of the Thermal Power MSc

Prerequisites: None

Aim:. To provide an understanding of the thermofluid dynamic concepts underlying rocketand air-breathing space propulsion and of their implications for launch vehicle and spacecraftsystem performance and design.Syllabus/Curriculum:

Introduction to the interactions between propulsion system, mission and spacecraft design.

Launch Vehicle Performance : Mission requirements, Vehicle dynamics, Tsiolkovski rocketequation, Launch vehicle sizing and multi-staging, Illustrative launcher performance ( Scout,Ariane, Shuttle programmes ) - launch site / range safety constraints, Geostationary orbitacquisition.

Expendable Launch Vehicles - Current Options : Vehicle design summaries, Orbital transfer vehicles, Comparative launch costs, and Reusable launchers.

Propulsion Fundamentals : Systems classification, Nozzle flows, Off-design considerations(under/over-expanded flows ), Thermochemistry.

Space Propulsion Systems and Performance : Propellants and combustion, Solid and

liquid propellant systems, Engine cycles: Spacecraft propulsion - orbit raising, station-keeping and attitude control, Propellant management at low-g - alternative storage anddelivery systems: Electric propulsion, Separately-powered rocket performance, Low thrustmanoeuvres, Thruster concepts and configurations.

Learning Outcomes: On completion of the course the Course Members should:1. Demonstrate an understanding of the constraints imposed by launch vehicleperformance and operation on mission analysis.2. Be able to perform preliminary mission design studies which accommodate thecapabilities of the major launch systems currently available.3. Be able to use one-dimensional gas dynamic relationships to perform initialpropulsion system design point and off-design calculations.4. Be familiar with the principal options for propulsion system design in relation toboth boosters and secondary spacecraft propulsion and to be able to assess critically their relative strengths in a range of mission applications.

5. Understand the determining factors in high speed flows which constrain theapplication of air-breathing propulsion to space launcher applications and the currentresponses to the technical challenges posed.

76



Module Title: Introduction to Space SystemsEngineering


Prof T S Bowling, Dr Jenny Kingston




Credit Rating: 5

Assessment Method:

Workshop + Presentations

Compulsory/Optional: Mandatory for the Aerospace Propulsion course.Optional for the Gas Turbine TechnologyCourse.

Aim:. To instruct Course Members on the development and design of spacesystems, from a clean sheet of paper, through logical progression from defined user requirements.

Syllabus/Curriculum:1. Brief history: Background to the development of space systems; the European SpaceAgency; BNSC; future missions.2. Mission Analysis & System Design Definition: Mission definition; System Design

Methodology; Trade-Off Analysis; design specifications; configuration control; SystemBudgets3. Space and Spacecraft Environment: Gravitational field; Geomagnetic field; Spacecraftcharging; Material Outgassing and self-atmosphere; Radiation Dose, the Dose-depthcurve. Spacecraft sub-systems; Power, the power budget and solar array and batterysizing; Communications and the link budget; Attitude measurement and control;Structural and thermal analysis and test procedures.4. Spacecraft configuration: examples of configuration of spacecraft designed for various

mission types; case study. Mission design workshop.

Learning Outcomes: On completion of this module the Course Members shouldknow how to structure a spacecraft design and development programme through:

•

establishing mission requirements• characterising the mission and identifying optional solutions

• evaluating the performance of options by means of a trade-off analysis

• defining system engineering requirements

• establishing a baseline system definition

• outlining a programme plan to verify the system performance

Reference texts: Larson, W.J., and Wertz., (eds.) Space Mission Analysis and Design, Second

Edition, Microcosm Inc. and Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992. (ISBN0-7923-1998-2).

77



Module Title: Specification and Performance of Mechanical and Electrical RotatingEquipment

Name of Module Co-ordinator Mr K Turton/Dr B Hardy-Bishop(a) Class Contact



Credit Rating: 10

Assessment Method: Examination Compulsory/Optional: Compulsory for Rotating Machinery Engineering andManagement option; Optional for Aerospace Propulsion and GasTurbine Technology options

Prerequisites: NoneAim: To familiarise the course member with developments in driven equipment,including design, operation, maintenance and safety.Syllabus/Curriculum:

Electric Motors And Generators

An overview of the important electrical features of power generation. This will provide anunderstanding of the design features of synchronous or asynchronous machines often drivenby gas turbines, and in motors for driving auxiliaries or as part of the resulting power system.The mechanical engineer is typically involved as a member of a design team, often as thelead engineer, with the important requirement of discussing electrical design features withspecialist engineers and then being expected to take part in the decision making processabout a power generation package. The machinery covered is:

Synchronous and Asynchronous MachinesElectrical Variable Speed Drive SystemHazardous Area ProtectionPower System DesignElectrical Power CalculationsOperation and Maintenance

Integrated Motor & Generator Control Systems

Pumps and Pumping SystemsParticipants will be introduced to the basic principles of pumps, to the problems encounteredwhen pumps are applied to well injection duties, product transfer systems and to generalprocess pumping. In particular, attention will be given to cavitation, gas-liquid and other multi-phase problems, and to the drive systems used, particularly gas turbine drives.

Pump PrinciplesEuler equation, relation of pump geometry to design performance, cavitation, viscosity effects,part load behaviour, gas liquid pumping.

Matching of Pumps and SystemsSteady and transient matching of systems with pumps; choice of constant or variable speedoperating modes and their implications. Gas turbine drives; an overview of their principlesand modes of operation.

78



Pump ApplicationOff-shore applications; tanker loading/unloading, gas turbine fuel and oil pumping,process plant - petro-chemical, heavy chemicals. A survey of multi-phase pumping.

Gas CompressorsAn insight will be given into the theory, selection, operating range and installation of the various types of compressor. Some common installation problems will be

discussed and analysed.

Ship PropellersA brief introduction will be given to propeller installations and operations. The basictheory will be discussed. Some major operational features will be outlined andconstruction details of propellers will be explained.

Learning Outcomes: On completion of the course the Course Member shouldunderstand the design, operation, maintenance and safety issues for different drivenequipment such as: electric motors and generators, pumps, gas compressors andship propellers.

79



Module Title: Turbomachinery

Name of Module Co-ordinator Dr K Ramsden(a) Class Contact



Credit Rating: 10

Assessment Method: Assignment Compulsory/Optional: Compulsory for all options of the Thermal Power MSc

Prerequisites: NoneAim:. To familiarise Course Members with compressor and turbine aerodynamicdesign and performance by instruction, investigation and example.Syllabus/Curriculum:

Compressor design and performance

Comparison of axial and centrifugal compressorsOverall performance, achievable pressure ratio and efficiency.

The problem of compressionThe basic diffusion process, analogy with conical diffusers, definition of pressurelosses; separation and friction losses. Definition of pressure recovery parameters,delta P on D, de Haller Number, etc.

The compressor cascadePerformance, correlations, deflection, pressure losses, deviation, choice of incidence.Limitations due to stall and choke. Effect of space to chord ratio, stagger, camber,etc. Reynolds and Mach number effects, alpha Mach number diagram.Transonic/supersonic cascade performance, unique incidence. Diffusion factor,choice of base profile and blade numbers.

The axial compressor stageStage loading and flow parameters, limitation in design on pitch line basis. Definitionand choice of reaction at design, effect on stage efficiency. The ideal and real stagecharacteristic, stall and choke.

Radial EquilibriumThe free vortex solution, limitations due to hub/tip ratio. Alternative solutions;prescribed vortex, half vortex, graded work applied to fans and low hub/tipcompressor stages.

Compressor/Fan performanceDefinition of isentropic and polytropic efficiency, effect of pressure ratio, performance

at constant speed, surge and surge margin definitions, running line, choking effects,effects on performance of: inlet flow distortion, tip clearance, snubbers bleed slotsetc.Compressor overall performance maps, effect of inlet temperature and pressurechanges.

80



Off design performanceTypes of stall, rotating stall, flutter. Use of conventional variable IGV/stators, partchord variable IGVs, bleed, multi-spooling, variable axial temperature risedistribution. Choice of overall annulus geometry: design for rising line, constantmean diameter, falling line. Choice of axial spacing, aspect ratio, limitations of rear hub/tip ratio. Intercompressor losses, swan-neck duct considerations.

Compressor Design ExampleMulti-stage compressor design example: Fully interactive activity involving extensivecalculation and the use of Q-curves.

Turbine Design and Performance

The problem of expansionBlade passage shape, choice of base profile, direct and indirect methods of design,prescribed velocity distribution, choking.

The axial turbine stageVelocity triangles, reaction, stage loading, flow coefficients. The ideal and real

characteristic. Design for maximum power: effect of choking and change of inlettemperature and pressure. Stage efficiency: isentropic and polytropic, overtipleakage, profile losses, correlations.

Turbine blading: choice of base profile, blade numbers and aspect ratio. Zweiffel'sand alternative lift coefficients.

Overall performance: choice of stage loading and flow coefficient according toengine overall performance requirements, overall annulus geometry and layout;rising line, constant mean diameter and falling line.

Turbine Design Example

A complete aerodynamic design is carried out for both a low and a high TET engine,to represent industrial and aeronautical applications respectively. This is a fullyinteractive session involving extensive use of the Q-curves. The results are analysedand debated.

Learning Outcomes: On completion of the course the Course Members shoulddemonstrate an understanding of how to design compressors and turbines basicconcepts from the blade design to whole performance calculations.

81



Module Title: Management for Technology

Name of Module Co-ordinator Cranfield School of Management(a) Class Contact



Credit Rating: 10

Assessment Method: Examination Compulsory/Optional: Compulsory for the Rotating Machinery Engineeringand Management and Power,Propulsion and the Environment options; optional for the Gas TurbineTechnology and AerospacePropulsion options of the ThermalPower MSc

Prerequisites: NoneAim:. To provide an overview of management, to develop a better understanding of how the commercial world operates, advance your career and to have fun!Syllabus/Curriculum:

Method of Assessment: Written Examination and Business GameThe engineer with a Master's degree has the expectancy of attaining a position of responsibility in a business organisation which requires attributes other than technicalexpertise. The objective of this course is to provide a knowledge of those aspects of management which will enable an engineer to fulfil his wider role more effectively.

The subject matter has been selected to give a general awareness of the structure of acompany, its business policy, financial matters and the working environment. It covers thosetopics which are common to both commerce and industry, but places emphasis on thosefunctions which have greater application in a company engaged in the manufacture of aproduct or provision of a technical service. As the title of the course implies, technicalmanagement, with particular reference to management for design, research anddevelopment, is highlighted.

Corporate PlanningFinance and AccountingLegal ResponsibilitiesIndustrial Relations and Organisational Behaviour Office AutomationBusiness PolicyIndustrial MarketingManagement for Research and Development Management for DesignBusiness Game

Format Highly intensive and successful management course running over a 2 week period. There isa key emphasis on participation via case studies and group exercises.

Assessment is by a three hour open book examination, plus the results of a group run“business game”.Learning Outcomes: On completion of the course the Course Members would developmanagement skills in financial issues, project management, marketing, negotiation andpresentations.

82



APPENDIX C

FORMS

83



SHORT COURSE ATTENDANCE FORM

Thermal Power MSc Course Members

Application to attend Short Courses:

Title of Course………………….......……………………………………………………….

Date of Course………………………......………………………………………………….

Student Name (please print)……………...……………………………………………….

Permission of Supervisor:

Supervisor Signature………………………....…………………………………………….

Permission of Course Director:

Short Course Director Signature…………….…………………………………………….

Each attendance on any course cannot be guaranteed and confirmation of your place will be made2 – 3 weeks before the Short Course start date. You will also be notified if, for any reason, theshort course you have registered on is cancelled. Please note that in return Thermal Power Course Members will be asked to assist with tasks associated with the course they are attending.Participation on social events will be included as appropriate.

Please note that whilst there is no charge for MSc Thermal Power Course Membersattending a short course, there is a charge for lunches and dinners should a student wishto attend these

Mrs Claire Bellis

Room 318 Telephone Extension 4683/4644. Email [email protected]

Whilst attending a short course you [the course members] are ambassadors of Cranfield University.Please remember the following:-

1. Punctuality is essential. Be in the room at least 5 minutes prior to the lecture commencing. If you arelate for a session you may not enter the room but wait for the next break.

2. You should attend for the whole of the lecture and may not leave early. If you cannot attend thewhole session please do not attend.

3. Please do not use laptops to surf the internet during lectures4. No talking during the lectures. Talking disrupts the class and may distract the presenter 5. No eating or drinking of anything other than the water provided6. Please do not ask questions/Please keep any questions to a minimum. Question sessions are

designed to give opportunities for external delegates who are only hear for five days to askquestions.You have other resources available to you to answer these questions outside of the presentation.

7. You may not enter into any communication with the course contributors, by email or otherwise, without

the express written agreement of the course director .

.

84





M.Sc. IN THERMAL POWER - GAS TURBINE TECHNOLOGY

COURSE STAFF CREDIT LECTURES

Core subjects (80 Total Credits)

Materials SelectionBlade CoolingCombustorsEngine SystemsFuels and CombustionGT Theory and PerformanceMechanical Design of TurbomachinerySimulation and DiagnosticsTurbomachinery

School of Applied ScienceP A Rubini

R SinghI Li

E Goodger & S OgajiP Pilidis

A HaslamV Pachidis & I LiK W Ramsden

551015510101010

sub-total 80Optional Subjects (not less than 20 Credits) TICKRecommended Subjects

Computational Fluid DynamicsJet Engine ControlManagement for TechnologySpace PropulsionGas Turbine Applications

P Rubini & J Amaral TeixeiraM Yates

School of ManagementBob Parkinson

R Singh

1010101010

( )( )( )( )( )

Other Subjects

Spec & Perf of Mech EREFatigue and FracturePiston EnginesSpacecraft SystemsPropulsion Systems Performance and

IntegrationIndustrial Prime Movers

K Turton & B Hardy-BishopA HaslamD Griffiths

Jenny KingstonP Pilidis/D Williams

D Griffiths & H Mashmoushy

107.57.5510

10

( )( )( )( )( )

( )

Total ( )

SUBJECTS FOR LECTURE ATTENDANCE ONLY (Please list):

______________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________ -

____________ ______________________________________________________________________________________

_

STUDENT NAME: ______________________________________________DATE____________________

STUDENT ID NUMBER: __________________________________________________________________

SUPERVISOR NAME: __________________________________________________________________

SUPERVISOR SIGNATURE: _______________________________________________________________

The appropriate option selection form has to be completed and handed in to the TP MSc

85



Administrator by the end of the first week of the first term.

M.Sc. IN THERMAL POWER - AEROSPACE PROPULSION


Core Subjects (80) Total Credits)

CombustorsEngine SystemsGT Theory and PerformancePropulsion System P & IMechanical Design of TurbomachinerySimulation and DiagnosticsSpacecraft SystemsTurbomachinery

R SinghI Li

P PilidisP Pilidis/D Williams

A HaslamV Pachidis/I LiJenny KingstonK W Ramsden

101510101010510

Sub-total

80

Optional Subjects (not less than 20 Credits) TICKRecommended Subjects

Materials SelectionBlade CoolingComputational Fluid DynamicsGas Turbine ApplicationsJet Engine ControlManagement for TechnologySpace Propulsion

School of Appliced ScienceP A Rubini

P Rubini @ J AmaralTeixeiraR SinghM Yates

SoMMr R Parkinson

551010101010

( )( )( )( )( )( )( )

Other Subjects

Spec & Perf of Mechanical EREFatigue and FractureFuels and CombustionPiston EnginesSimulation & Diagnostics

K Turton & B Hardy-BishopA Haslam

E Goodger & S OgajiD Griffiths

V Pachidis/I Li

107.55

7.510

( )( )( )( )( )

Total ( )


______________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

STUDENT NAME: ______________________________________________DATE_______________

STUDENT ID NUMBER: _____________________________________________________________

SUPERVISOR NAME: ______________________________________________________________

SUPERVISOR SIGNATURE: _________________________________________________________

The appropriate option selection form has to be completed and handed in to the TP MScAdministrator by the end of the first week of the first term.

86



M.Sc. IN THERMAL POWERROTATING MACHINERY ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT


Core subjects (80 total Credits)

CombustorsSpec & Perf of Mech EREEngine SystemsFuels and CombustionIndustrial Prime MoversGT Theory and PerformanceManagement for TechnologyTurbomachinery

R SinghKT/BHB/PP

I LiE Goodger/S

OgajiHM/DGP Pilidis

SoMK W Ramsden

101015510101010

Sub-total 80Optional Subjects (not less than 20 Credits) TICKRecommended Subjects

Materials SelectionMechanical Design of TurbomachineryPiston EnginesGas Turbine Applications

SIMSA HaslamD GriffithsR Singh

5107.510

( )( )( )( )

Other Subjects

Blade CoolingComputational Fluid DynamicsFatigue and Fracture

Simulation & Diagnostics

P A RubiniPAR/JT

A Haslam

VP/IL

5107.5

10

( )( )( )

( )

Total ( )


______________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________



SUPERVISOR NAME: ______________________________________________________________



M.Sc. IN THERMAL POWER

87



POWER, PROPULSION AND THE ENVIRONMENT


Core subjects (80 totalCredits)CombustorsEngine SystemsEnvironmental ManagementFuels and CombustionIndustrial Prime MoversGT Theory and PerformanceManagement for TechnologyTurbomachinery

R SinghI Li

O Badr Dr E Goodger/ Dr S Ogaji

HM/DGP Pilidis

SoMK W Ramsden

101510510101010

Sub-total 80Optional Subjects (not less than 20Credits) TICKRecommended Subjects

Materials SelectionMechanical Design of TurbomachineryPiston EnginesGas Turbine Applications

SIMSA HaslamD GriffithsR Singh

5107.510

( )( )( )( )

Other Subjects

Blade CoolingComputational Fluid DynamicsFatigue and FractureSimulation & Diagnostics

P A RubiniPAR/JT

A HaslamVP/IL

5107.510

( )( )( )( )

Total ( )


______________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________



SUPERVISOR NAME: ______________________________________________________________



88



ABSENCE FORM

Name: ………………………………………………………………….

Course Member No: ………………………………………………………….………

Date of Absence:…………………………………………………………………

Reason: …………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………

Course Member Signature:

............………………………………………………………..

Date: .....……………………………………………………………..

89



ASSIGNMENT HAND-IN SHEET

This form must be attached as a cover sheet to the front of every piece of assessed work includingtheses.

Work submitted without this form as the cover sheet will not be marked.

Name: ……………………………………………………….

Course Member No ………..…………………………..………………….

Subject Title: ………………………………………………………..

Assignment Title:………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………..

Marking Tutor: ………………………………………………………..

Hand-in Date: ……………………………………………..…………

Cranfield University defines plagiarism as follows:-

Plagiarism is the use, without acknowledgement, of the intellectual work of other people, and the act of representing the ideas or discoveries of others as one's

own in any work submitted for assessment or presented for publication. To copy sentences, phrases or even striking expressions without acknowledgement of source (either by inadequate citation or failure to indicate verbatim quotations)is plagiarism; to paraphrase witout acknowledgement is also plagiarism.

I declare that the work handed in with this sheet is entirely my own effort. It is not in any way acollaborative effort with another course member nor has it been extracted (plagiarised) fromsomeone else's work. I fully understand that if this is not the case, then I am likely to be reportedto the University Authorities and my work will, at the very least, be zero marked. I am also awarethat collaboration and plagiarism are considered in the same way as cheating by the Universityauthorities and could have quite severe implications for my future career prospects.

I require/do not require* this optional assignment to be assessed as part of the 100 credits neededfor my MSc (*delete as appropriate).

Course Member Signature: ……………………………………… Date: ...........................

90



APPENDIX D

PROJECT TOPICS

This document provides information concerning the project lists. It can be used in twodifferent ways. A project can simply be selected from the list. Alternatively, you may lookat the list of available topics on the basis of research areas identified. You may thenprovide your own idea for a project topic, identify who would be the most appropriatesupervisor and negotiate with him/her to supervise your project idea.

TP Course Manual 2009-2010

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