TOXOPLASMOSIS & ASPERGILLOSIS

INTRODUCTION CAUSATIVE ORGANISM : Toxoplasma Gondii.

Obligate intacellular parasite.

ETIOLOGY Contact with cat faeces.

Uncooked meat.

Contaminated vegetables & fruits.

Contaminated knives & utensils.

Infected organ transplantation or blood transfusion.

Pathogenesis

ACQUIRED TOXOPLASMOSIS CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS

Fever Convulsions

Malaise Chorioretinitis

Lymphadenopathy{submandibular} Intra cerebral calcifications

Muscle & joint pain Mental retardation

Jaundice

Differential Diagnosis Lymphoma

Metastatic cancer

Histoplasmosis

Infectious mononucleosis

Catscratch disease

Diagnosis Serological tests

PCR

ELISA

HISTOLOGICAL – Immunoperoxidase stain,giemsa stain

Histologic features Preserved Lymphnode architecture

Accumulation of Eosinophilic Macraphages

Epitheliod histiocytes

immunoblast

TREATMENT Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine

For AIDS patients = Atovaquone + clindamycin.

Congenital = Spiramycin.

ASPERGILLOSIS Fungal disease.

Organism : A.flavus , A. fumigatus.

ETIOLOGY Saprobic organism present in soil , water & organic

debris

Inhalation of spores.

Nosocomial infection.

PATHOGENESIS

Clinical features Sinusitis

Aspergilloma

Antrolith

Fever , chest pain , Dyspnoea , coughing blood

Systemic failure -death

DIAGNOSIS Chest X-ray

Grocotts methamine silver

HISTOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES Branching , septae hyphae 3 to 4 um diameter.

Necrosis .

Granulamatous inflammatory response.

Large pools eosinophilic inspissated mucin

Interpersed lymphocytes&eosinophils.

TREATMENT Itraconazole

Amphotericin B

Effective drug : Variconazole.

REFERENCEALLEN

MEDICINENET.ORG

MAYOCLINIC.ORG

EMEDICINE.COM