Toxics in Surface Water and Freshwater Fish of the Willamette River Basin, OR (2008-2009) May, 2011 Oregon Water Conference Corvallis, OR Jim Coyle, Ben.

Toxics in Surface Water and Freshwater Fish of the Willamette River Basin, OR (2008-2009)

May , 2011 Oregon Water Conference Corvallis, OR

Jim Coyle, Ben Johnson, Allen Hamel

Oregon Department of Environmental QualityLaboratory and Environmental Assessment Division

Topics

• Oregon’s Toxics Monitoring Program

• Spatial / Temporal Scope

• Sampling Sites / Media / Timing

• 2008-2009 Willamette River findings

• Senate Bill 737 and Pesticide Stewardship Partnership Overview/Summary

Today’s Presentation

Toxics Monitoring Program

- Objectives -

• State-wide, watershed-based toxic pollutant monitoring and evaluation program

• Document concentrations of toxic pollutants in Oregon waters and biota, interpret findings relevant to established criteria

• Support pollutant reduction strategies and assess progress towards meeting established criteria

Long Term

• Long-term

– All major basins on a rotating schedule

Initial / Long Term• 2008 -2010

– Scope / develop Program– Willamette River Basin and associated

tributaries – Water and freshwater fish

Toxics Monitoring Program

- Spatial Scope -

• 2010 - 2011– Fish collections (Rogue & Umatilla –

2010)

– Water collections (Rogue & Umatilla – 2011)

Toxics Monitoring Program

- Approach -

Toxic pollutants suspected to: - be present in Oregon’s surface waters - pose threats to human health and the

environment

Environmental media of interest

- Water column (2008 - 2010)

- Fish tissue (2008 – 2010)

- Sediment / artificial samplers (Future)

Toxic pollutants and media of interest

Toxics Monitoring Program

- Approach -

Water

PAHs PCBs

PBDEs Metals

Current-use & Legacy Pesticides

Industrial Materials & Solvents

“Contaminants of Emerging Concern”

Targeted Organic Analytes (~ 270)

(Continued)

- pharmaceuticals, personal care products, plasticizers

Approach

Organics in Water: Sampling Considerations

Prior to seasonal reservoir releases

Rising Limb of hydrograph

(Continued)

Spring transition

Approach

Water Collection Sites – Organics (20)

(Continued)

Approach

Fish Dioxins/ Furans OC Pesticides

PCB Congeners PBDE Congeners

Total Mercury

2008-2009 Target Analytes (Fillets)

(Continued)

Approach

Fish Collection Reaches

(Continued)

Mainstem (6)

Major Tributaries (5)

Multnomah Channel (1)

Fungicide/Herbicides 2,4-DAtrazineChloronebDicambaDiuronMetolachlorMetribuzinPropiconazoleSimazine

PharmaceuticalsAcetominophenCaffeineCarbamazepineCodeineDEETDiphenhydramineSulfamethoxazoleVenlafaxine

Upper Willamette

Insecticides Oxyamyl

OrganicsBis(2-ethylhexyl) -phthalateDiethylphthalatePentachlorophenol

SteroidsCholestrerolCoprostanol

Fungicide /Herbicides2,4-DAtrazineDiuronHexazinoneMetolachlorMetribuzinPropiconazoleSimazine

PharmaceuticalsAcetominophenCarbamazepineDEETSulfamethoxazole

Middle WillametteInsecticides Oxyamyl

OrganicsBenzo[g,h,i]peryleneBis(2-ethylhexyl) -phthalateIndeno[1,2,3-cd] -pyrenePBDE 138PBDE 153PBDE 154Pentachlorophenol

SteroidsCholestrerolCoprostanolEstriol

Lower WillametteFungicide/Herbicides 2,4-D Atrazine Baygon Carbaryl Carbofuran Chloroneb Chlorpropham Diuron Hexazinone Metolachlor Metribuzin Norflurazon Prometon Propiconazole Pyraclstrabin Simazine Terbutylazine Triclopyr

PharmaceuticalsAcetominophenCaffeineCarbamazepineCodeineDEETDiphenhydramine SulfamethoxazoleVenlafaxineInsecticides Imidacloprid Oxyamyl

OrganicsBis(2-ethylhexyl) -phthalateBromodichloro -methanePentachlorophenol

SteroidsCholestrerolCoprostanol

Summary of Organic Detects by Reach

Summary Findings(Continued)

220 Detects

107 Detects

97 Detects

Low

er

Mid

dle

Upp

er

Summary Findings

Waterborne Organics 2008 -2009

Fungicide/Herbicide

Pharmaceutical

Insecticide

Organic (inc. DEET)

Steroid

Number of Detects by Site and Analyte Group

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35 Number of Detects in Each Analyte Group by Site

Site

Nu

mb

er o

f D

etec

ts

Summary Findings(Continued)

Number of Detects in Each Analyte Group in Tributaries vs. Main Stem

Organics

Insecticides

Pharmaceuticals (inc. DEET)

Steroids

Fungicides/Herbicides

Total PCBs

Will

amett

e at E

ugene

McK

enzie

at C

oburg R

d

Will

amett

e at H

arris

burg

Will

amett

e at

Corvall

is

Santia

m n

ear m

outh

Will

amett

e at W

heatla

nd Fer

ry

Yamhill

nea

r mouth

Will

amett

e at N

ewber

g

Tualatin

at B

oones F

erry

Rd

Clackam

as at

Hig

h Rock

s

Will

amett

e at P

ortlan

d

Multn

omah

Chan

nel at

St. Hele

ns0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

100000 92300

8467 89203284 2410 3045

11558

2022 3420 4770

32199

12700

Northern Pike Minnow BassEPA SV Subsistence Fisher (2540) EPA SV Recreational Fisher (20000)

Tis

sue

-- T

otal

PC

B (

ng/

Kg

wet

wt

)

(Continued)

Summary Findings: Fish Tissue

Summary Findings: Fish TissueTotal DDT

Willa

mette a

t Eug

ene

McK

enzie

at C

obur

g Rd

Willa

mette a

t Harr

isbur

g

Willa

mette a

t Cor

vallis

Santia

m near

mouth

Willa

mette a

t Whe

atlan

d Ferr

y

Yamhil

l nea

r mou

th

Willa

mette a

t New

berg

Tualat

in at

Boo

nes F

erry R

d

Clacka

mas at

High

Roc

ks

Willa

mette a

t Por

tland

Mult

nomah

Cha

nnel

at St. H

elens

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000T

issu

e -

- T

otal

DD

T (

ng/

Kg

wet

wt)

Total DDT

2,3,7,8 Dioxin Equivalents

Will

amett

e at E

ugene

McK

enzie

at C

oburg R

d

Will

amett

e at H

arris

burg

Will

amett

e at

Corvall

is

Santia

m n

ear m

outh

Will

amett

e at W

heatla

nd Fer

ry

Yamhill

nea

r mouth

Will

amett

e at N

ewber

g

Tualatin

at B

oones F

erry

Rd

Clackam

as at

Hig

h Rock

s

Will

amett

e at P

ortlan

d

Multn

omah

Chan

nel at

St. Hele

ns0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Northern Pike Minnow BassEPA SV Recreational Fisher (0.256)

Tis

sue

--

Dio

xin

TE

Q (

ng/

Kg

wet

wt)

(Continued)

Summary Findings: Fish Tissue

Total PBDEs

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

7467

12489

13710

2934 3278

11311

5456

1935.516

8375.28162962951

13712.0329558824

8822.193750000028375.28162962951

Northern Pike Minnow Bass EPA SV -- None

Tis

sue

-- T

otal

PB

DE

( n

g/K

g w

et w

t )

Total PBDE

(Continued)

Summary Findings: Fish Tissue

Total PBDEsMercury

Will

amett

e at E

ugene

McK

enzie

at C

oburg R

d

Will

amett

e at H

arris

burg

Will

amett

e at

Corvall

is

Santia

m n

ear m

outh

Will

amett

e at W

heatla

nd Fer

ry

Yamhill

nea

r mouth

Will

amett

e at N

ewber

g

Tualatin

at B

oones F

erry

Rd

Clackam

as at

Hig

h Rock

s

Will

amett

e at P

ortlan

d

Multn

omah

Chan

nel at

St. Hele

ns0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

Northern Pike Minnow Bass EPA SV Subsistence Fisher (0.049)

Tis

sue

-- M

ercu

ry (

mg/

Kg

wet

wt

)

(Continued)

Summary Findings: Fish Tissue

• Surface water sampled five times at 20 sites• No water quality criteria exceedances

documented

• Herbicides were most frequently detected pollutant class; insecticides rarely detected

• Coprostanol (fecal contamination indicator) was found at nearly every site

• Multiple, low-level detects for “emerging contaminants”

Summary Findings: Waterborne Organics

2008 – 2009 Findings (5 collections)

• Legacy pesticides generally below screening level criteria for the protection of human health

• Halogenated industrial chemicals (PCBs & dioxins/furans) remain a concern

• Mercury levels remain elevated

• Elevated PCB concentrations in Eugene area fish fillets re-assessed in 2009

Summary Findings: Fish Tissue

2008 Findings

Senate Bill (SB) 737

Background

• Oregon Legislature directed ODEQ to develop list of 118 Priority Persistent and bioaccumulative Pollutants ( “P3” list)

• P3 chemicals known/suspected to pose risks to human and environmental health, selected through deliberative process with public/stakeholder input

• Concentrations of P3 chemicals measured in final, treated effluent discharged by state’s largest municipal wastewater treatment plants

SB 737

Background (Continued)

• Treated effluent from 52 facilities sampled/analyzed twice for P3 and other (incidental) pollutants in 2010 (Jul/Aug & Nov/Dec)

• When possible, measured pollutants were compared to maximum contaminant level (MCL) established by the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (33 pollutants)

• Pollutants lacking established MCLs compared to “Plan Initiation Levels” established by the Environmental Quality Commission (EQC).

• Facilities required to develop Reduction Plans when measured concentrations exceed targets

SB 737

Background (Continued)

• Effluent analyzed for > 400 chemicals using 15 methods

• 116 “P3” compounds measured in effluent included:• Pharmaceuticals & personal care products• Current use pesticides• Legacy compounds • PCBs, dioxins, furans• Flame retardants • Musks /fragrances

SB 737

Background (Continued)

• Of 116 “P3” compounds measured in the effluent:

• 33 detected, 5 exceeded Plan Initiation Levels

• Cholesterol/coprostanol -byproducts of human digestion• Temporary rulemaking eliminated need to develop

reduction plans for cholesterol/coprostanol

• 5 facilities completing reduction plans for 3 chemicals • Beta-sitosterol (2), Pyrene (1), & Arsenic (2)

Cholesterol Coprostanol Beta-sitosterol Pyrene Arsenic

SB 737

Findings

Acetaminophen

Caffeine

Carbamazepine

Codeine

Cotinine

Diphenhydramine

Ibuprofen

Sulfamethoxazole

Venlafaxine

DEET

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Pharmaceuticals & Personal Care Products % of Facilities with Detection by Compound

SB737 All Facilities (N = 52)

Facilities with measurable pharmaceuticals/personal care products

SB 737

Findings (Continued)

• Commonly Detected Pesticides– Herbicides

• Diuron detected in 70% of facilities (summer)

• Imazapyr detected at 10% of facilities (summer)

• Also….2,4-D, Triclopyr, Dicamba, 2,4-DB, Pentachlorophenol, Prometon

– Insecticides• Imidacloprid detected at 12% of

facilities

SB 737

Findings (Continued)

SB 737

What Next ?

• Effluent data publically available in May

• Presentation to EQC in mid-June

• Reduction Plans due July 1, 2011

Pesticide Stewardship Partnerships (PSPs):Overview

Monitor for current use pesticides in surface waters

from drift & runoff

Identify streams with elevated pesticide concentrations

Collaborate to implement voluntary

best management practices

Follow-up monitoring to determine improvements

over time

Key Steps / Ongoing Partnerships

Pesticide Stewardship Partnerships:Findings

Most Commonly Detected Herbicides (2009-10, all PSP sub-basins)

Active ingredient

Detection Frequency

Common Use SitesClackamas, Pudding,

Yamhill

Hood River, Walla Walla, Wasco

Diuron (> benchmark)

79- 100% 25 - 44% Commercial: Crops, Rights Of Way,

Ditchbanks, Etc.

Simazine 68 - 87% 3 - 31% Commercial: Crops, Rights Of Way, Golf Courses, Buidlings, Etc.

Atrazine 12 - 76% 0 - 4%Commercial Restricted Use Pesticide: Crops, Rights Of Way, Golf Courses, Recreation., Etc.

Metolachlor 25 -67% 0 - 1% Commercial: Crops (Corn, Beans…)

Metribuzin 0 - 55% 0 - 10% Commercial: Crops, Turfgrass, Fallow Lands

Pendamethalin 1 - 27% 0 - 0% Commercial & Home: Crops, Golf Courses, Lawns, Ornamentals, Etc.

Hexazinone 4 - 8% 0 - 17% Commercial: Crops, Rights Of Way, Rangeland, Etc.

Glyphosate71%

(2005 USGS Clackamas

Rpt.)

Commercial & Home – Widespread –

Pesticide Stewardship Partnerships:Findings

Most Commonly Detected Insecticides (2009-10, all PSP sub-basins)

Active ingredient

Detection Frequency

Common Use SitesClackamas,

Pudding, Yamhill

Hood River, Walla Walla,

Wasco

Carbaryl (>

benchmark)

8 - 19%

8 - 12%Commercial & Home: Many Crop & Non-crop Uses

Imidacloprid7 -

40%0 - 6%

Commercial & Home: Many Crop & Non-crop Uses

Ethoprop0 -

28%0 - 0%

Commercial: Restricted Use Pesticide; Ornamentals, Corn, Etc.

Azinphos-methyl(>WQ

standard)

0 - 1% 0 - 6%

Commercial: Restricted Use Pesticide; Fruit. Decline In Use And Overall DetectionsPhase-out By Sept. 2012.

Chlorpyrifos (>WQ

standard)

1 - 10%

2 - 9%Commercial: Restricted Use Pesticide; Crops. Rec. Row. Decline In Overall Detections

Pesticide Stewardship Partnerships:Findings

Most Commonly Detected Fungicides (2009-10, all PSP sub-basins)

Active ingredient

Detection FrequencyCommon Use Sites

Clackamas,

Pudding, Yamhill

Hood River, Walla Walla,

Wasco

Propiconazole

14 - 31%

0 - 2%Commercial & Home: Food Crops, Ornamentals, Golf Courses, Recreation, Etc.

Pyraclastrobin 5-12% 4-8%

Commercial: Food Crops, Ornamentals, Golf Courses, Recreation, Etc.

Pesticide Stewardship Partnerships:

Hood River: An Example of Desired Outcomes

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0.050

0.060

0.070

0.080

0.090

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Chlorpyrifos - Lower Neal Creek (Spring)

Average Chronic WQS Acute WQS FrequencyYear

Av

era

ge

(u

g/l)

Fre

qu

en

cy

• Oregon’s Toxics Monitoring Program Supports Multiple Agency Priorities Fish Consumption Rate Pesticide Stewardship Partnership Drinking Water Source Protection WQ Integrated Report NPDES Permit Program Agency Toxic Reduction Strategy

Relevance

Agency Programs

Thank you for your interest in Oregon’s toxics monitoring efforts !

Questions ? Comments ?

Finis