Toxic effect of copper on ten rice cultivars Keywords: Copper stress, Morphological parameters, growth, Oryza sativa L. Abbreviations: Cu- copper, ROS - reactive oxygen species. ABSTRACT: Copper is an essential metal for normal plant growth and development, although it is also potentially toxic. Copper participates in numerous physiological processes and is an essential cofactor for many metalloproteins, however, problems arise when excess copper is present in cells. Excess copper inhibits plant growth and impairs important cellular processes (i.e., photosynthetic electron transport).The mechanisms involved in the acquisition of this essential micronutrient have not been clearly defined although a number of genes have recently been identified which encode potential copper transporters. The present investigation is an attempt to understand of the copper toxicity and tolerance in rice cultivars, and to compare the ten rice cultivars of Karimganj district of Assam. Copper caused growth reduction in rice and among the screened cultivars Amu Sali seems to be a copper sensitive cultivar. 038-044 | JRPS | 2011 | Vol 1 | No 1 This article is governed by the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/2.0), which gives permission for unrestricted use, non-commercial, distribution, and reproduction in all medium, provided the original work is properly cited. www.plantsciences.info Journal of Research in Plant Sciences An International Scientific Research Journal Authors: Upadhyaya H, Bhattacharjee MK, Deboshree Roy, Soumitra Shome. Institution: Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Karimganj College , Karimganj-788710, Assam, India Corresponding author: Upadhyaya H Email: [email protected]Web Address: http://www.plantsciences.info documents/PS0011.pdf. Dates: Received: 30 Nov 2011 /Accepted: 16 Dec 2011 /Published: 27 Dec 2011 Article Citation: Upadhyaya H, Bhattacharjee MK, Deboshree Roy, Soumitra Shome. Toxic effect of copper on ten rice cultivars. Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1: 038-044 Original Research Paper Journal of Research in Plant Sciences Journal of Research in Plant Sciences An International Scientific Research Journal
Copper is an essential metal for normal plant growth and development, although it is also potentially toxic. Copper participates in numerous physiological processes and is an essential cofactor for many metalloproteins, however, problems arise when excess copper is present in cells. Excess copper inhibits plant growth and impairs important cellular processes (i.e., photosynthetic electron transport).The mechanisms involved in the acquisition of this essential micronutrient have not been clearly defined although a number of genes have recently been identified which encode potential copper transporters. The present investigation is an attempt to understand of the copper toxicity and tolerance in rice cultivars, and to compare the ten rice cultivars of Karimganj district of Assam. Copper caused growth reduction in rice and among the screened cultivars Amu Sali seems to be a copper sensitive cultivar.
Article Citation: Upadhyaya H, Bhattacharjee MK, Deboshree Roy, Soumitra Shome. Toxic effect of copper on ten rice cultivars. Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 038-044.
Full Text: http://www.plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0011.pdf
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Toxic effect of copper on ten rice cultivars
Keywords: Copper stress, Morphological parameters, growth, Oryza sativa L.
ABSTRACT: Copper is an essential metal for normal plant growth and development, although it is also potentially toxic. Copper participates in numerous physiological processes and is an essential cofactor for many metalloproteins, however, problems arise when excess copper is present in cells. Excess copper inhibits plant growth and impairs important cellular processes (i.e., photosynthetic electron transport).The mechanisms involved in the acquisition of this essential micronutrient have not been clearly defined although a number of genes have recently been identified which encode potential copper transporters. The present investigation is an attempt to understand of the copper toxicity and tolerance in rice cultivars, and to compare the ten rice cultivars of Karimganj district of Assam. Copper caused growth reduction in rice and among the screened cultivars Amu Sali seems to be a copper sensitive cultivar.
038-044 | JRPS | 2011 | Vol 1 | No 1
This article is governed by the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/
licenses/by/2.0), which gives permission for unrestricted use, non-commercial, distribution, and reproduction in all medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Web Address: http://www.plantsciences.info documents/PS0011.pdf.
Dates: Received: 30 Nov 2011 /Accepted: 16 Dec 2011 /Published: 27 Dec 2011
Article Citation: Upadhyaya H, Bhattacharjee MK, Deboshree Roy, Soumitra Shome. Toxic effect of copper on ten rice cultivars. Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1: 038-044
Original Research Paper
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences
Jou
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al of R
esearch
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Plan
t Scien
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An International Scientific Research Journal
INTRODUCTION Heavy metal ions play an essential roles in
many physiological processes. In trace amounts,
several of these ions are required for metabolism,
growth, and development. However,problems arise when cells are confronted with an excess of these
vital ions or with nonnutritional ions that lead to
cellular damage (Tiwari et al., 2006, Zhang et al., 2008,Panda, 2008, Britto et al., 2011). Heavy metal
toxicity comprises inactivation of biomolecules by
either blocking essential functional groups or by displacement of essential metal ions. In addition,
auto-oxidation of redox-active heavy metals and
production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the
Fenton reaction causes cellular injury (Cobbett, 2003, Choudhury and Panda, 2005, Azevedo and
Azevedo, 2006). Rice is the most important cereal
crops of developing countries like India and it is the major staple food for majority of world’s
population. Rice productivity has been greatly
affected by various abiotic stresses of which copper toxicity is also important like that of other heavy
metal (Cd, As etc., ) stress (Britto et al., 2011). This
study was conducted to determine the effects of Cu
on various rice cultivars of Karimganj district. Copper (Cu) is an essential element for plants,
being associated with proteins and enzymes
involved in electron transfer and redox reactions. Excess Cu is toxic to plants and affects a wide
range of biochemical and physiological processes,
such as photosynthesis, pigment synthesis, nitrogen
and protein metabolism, membrane integrity, and mineral uptake (Panda, 2008). The toxicity of Cu
can be considered as oxidative stress mediated by
reactive oxygen species (ROS; Luna et al. 1994; Panda 2008). These ROS react with lipids, proteins,
pigments, and nucleic acids, causing lipid
peroxidation, membrane damage and inactivation of enzymes, thus affecting cell viability. Parallel to
metalinduced growth inhibition, increased ROS
accumulation and lipid peroxidation by excess Cu
has been observed in plants ( Tewari et al. 2006; Panda 2008; Britto et al., 2011). In the present
study, Cu is selected to evaluate its effect on growth
responses on varoius rice cultivars. There is a need to investigate the influence of these metal treatment
on growth and physiological responses in crop
plants. The present investigation is an comparative account of growth changes in ten rice cultivars
under copper stress. The observation from the
present study will prove useful in understanding a
possible mechanism of copper toxicity and in rice during seedling development.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Collection of seeds
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds (about 26
cultivars) were procured from Regional
Agricultural Research Station, Akbarpur, Karimganj, Assam.
Seed viability test
Seed viability was carried out by the floatation method. The seeds obtained from
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Akbarpur,
Karimganj , were put in a beaker of water and allowed to stand for five to ten minutes. Seeds that
sank were considered viable.
Seed germination
Required amount of viable rice seeds of 26 different cultivars were taken and surface sterilized
with 0.1% HgCl2 solution for 3-5 minutes with
successive shaking. After this, HgCl2 solution was thrown, washed thoroughly in tap water for 3-5
minutes, rinsed with distilled water for 2-3 times
and decanted. Then the seeds were placed in petriplates containing moisten filter paper and
germinated at 28°C for three days. On the 3rd day
of incubation germination percentage was measured
for all the 26 cultivars and 10 best germinating cultivars were selected for copper tolerance study.
All the selected ten cultivars seeds were germinated
as mentioned above. The germinated seeds were grown in plastic cups .
Transfer of germinated seeds
After three day of incubation the healthy
germinated seeds with more or less equal height of shoots were transferred in the plastic cups (150ml)