Towards the Web of Things: Web Mashups for the Real-World @ MEM 2009

Towards the Web of Things:Web Mashups for Embedded DevicesDominique Guinard and Vlad TrifaInstitute for Pervasive Computing, ETH Zurich and SAP Research [email protected] www.guinard.org

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Discussing the Web of Things

2Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com

[http://www.flickr.com/photos/sharynmorrow/]

MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid

Embedded Devices Invade us!


Emergence of the physical Web Embedded devices get more

powerful. They are also getting connected to the

Web.


From a Large Ecosystem to a Large Playground


Huge eco-system of devices. About 1000 smart objects / person:

and… about 1000 systems to use them and build applications on top of them.

How do we enable people to create applications on top of this great eco-system?

“re-think the way we design computing

systems in order to take into account the

>1000 smart objects per people we will soon

have to deal with.” David Orban

“re-think the way we design computing

systems in order to take into account the

>1000 smart objects per people we will soon

have to deal with.” David Orban


Web 2.0 Mashups


Mashups are a nice example of « easily » building new applications on top of a virtual eco-system of services.

Not the universal answer but seemingly adapted to dynamic and moderately big use-cases involving end-users.

How about creating real-world mashups?


Web of Things (WOT) in a Nutshell

Fully integrating embedded devices to the Web, by designing “web-oriented” APIs for embedded devices: A Web-page for each “service”. A RESTful API to access and consume them.

As a result: Embedded devices are easier to build upon. We get the goodies of the web almost for free (caching, linking,

searching, authenticating, etc.) And enable physical mashups, i.e. small, ad-hoc composite

applications involving real-world embedded devices.

MEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid 6Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com

Our 5 Courses Menu

Discussing the Web of Things A Web Oriented Architecture for the Real-World

Building RESTful APIs for Real-World Devices Integration Patterns: Gateway vs Direct Integration

Implementation and Prototypes RESTful Sun SPOTs RESTful Ploggs

Real-World Mashups Energie Visible Google Web Toolkit UI Ambient Meter

7Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.comMEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid

A Web Oriented Architecture for the Real-World

Dominique Guinard, ETH / SAP Research Zurich, webofthings.com

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[http://www.flickr.com/photos/julianbleecker]


Our 5 Courses Menu






1. Resource Design

Thanks to their atomicity services on embedded devices are quite adapted to Resource-Oriented Architectures.

Root: http://webofthings.com/ Resources:

Spots: http://webofthings.com/spots Spot 2: http://webofthings.com/spots/2 Light Sensor: http://webofthings.com/spots/2/sensors/light Led Actuator:

http://webofthings.com/spots/2/actuators/led/


XHTML as default, ideal for browsing: http://webofthings.com/spots

JSON, ideal for parsing: http://webofthings.com/spots.json

XML, ideal for integration http://webofthings.com/spots.xml

2. Representation Design


3. Uniform Interface


[HTTP: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol]


3. Uniform Interface

• HTTP Verbs: What do you want to do?– GET: retrieve the representation of a resource.– PUT: create or update a resource.– DELETE: remove a resource.– POST: create a subordinate (or custom: RPC!)

• HTTP Headers: What type of data are you sending me?– Metadata:

• Content type: application/json, text/html, etc.

– Status:• 200 OK, 201 Create, 400 Bad Request, 401 Unauthorized

• HTTP Body: The actual data.– The content in its representation.


Integration Patterns: Gateway vs Direct


IPv6(lowpan)

Web CloudWeb Cloud

ComposeCompose VisualizeVisualizeSearchSearch PhysicalMashups

Smart GatewaySmart Gateway

RESTful API

BTBT ZigbeeZigbee ……API1 API2

Web CloudWeb Cloud


Web Server

RESTful API

Web ServerRESTful API

Web ServerEventing


Implementation and Prototypes


[http://www.flickr.com/photos/sharynmorrow/47086098/]


Our 5 Courses Menu






Direct Integration


IPv6(lowpan)

Web CloudWeb Cloud



RESTful API


Web CloudWeb Cloud


Web Server

RESTful API


Web ServerEventing


The RESTful SunSPOTs Project

Create a « SmartLogger » that can be attached to shipments.

www.webofthings.com/tag/smartlogger/


Architecture


Integration using Gateways


IPv6(lowpan)

Web CloudWeb Cloud



RESTful API


Web CloudWeb Cloud


Web Server

RESTful API


Web ServerEventing


The « Energie Visible » Project


• Aim:• Monitor and control

your energy consumption at home.

• Fully integrate the monitoring and control to the web.

• www.webofthings.com/energievisible/

Gateway and Mini Webserver

Sensors(Ploggs)

Devices

Web / Mobile Interface


RESTful Plogg Gateway


Talk to devices: The WEB Way


Demo


Examples of Real-World Mashups


[http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevlar]


Our 5 Courses Menu

Motivation Discussing Real-World Integration Schemes

WS-* Web Services RESTful APIs

A Web Oriented Architecture for the Real-World Building RESTful APIs for Real-World Devices Integration Patterns: Gateway vs Direct Integration




Enable Real-World Mashups


URL

URL

URL

URL


Physical-Virtual Mashup:Energy Visualizer for RESTful Ploggs


Physical-Physical Mashup:Ambient Energy Meter

Create an ambient device that can assess the energy consumption of the current place it is in.

Mashup of: The RESTful Ploggs

The RESTful Sun Spots

The Smart Gateways.


Outlook

REST is quite suitable for composing small, ad-hoc applications [1], why not for small embedded applications?

Need to go beyond REST: Need for asynchronous mechanisms. Currently exploring systems such as XMPP and Twitter.

Need to provide mashup editors for physical mashups (à la “yahoo pipes” or “rooftop”).


[1] Pautasso, Cesare, Olaf Zimmermann, and Frank Leymann. “Restful web services vs. "big"' web services: making the right architectural decision.” In WWW '08: Proceeding of the 17th international conference on World Wide Web, 805―814. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2008.

Thanks a lot for your attention


www.webofthings.comMEM @ WWW 2009, Madrid

Towards the Web of Things: Web Mashups for the Real-World @ MEM 2009

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