Towards the Automation Cloud: Architectural Challenges for a Novel Smart Ecosystem

© ABB Group

Towards the Automation Cloud Architectural Challenges for a Novel Smart Ecosystem

Dr.-Ing. Heiko Koziolek, Principal Scientist, ABB Forschungszentrum, Ladenburg, 2013-07-02

http

://w

ww

.rcr

wire

less

.com

/am

eric

as/2

0110

816/

feat

ured

/clo

ud-c

ompu

ting-

is-in

-its-

infa

ncy-

gart

ner-

vp-s

ays/

SCADA SystemsABB SCADAVantage for Oil & Gas Industries

© ABB Group

SCADA SystemsABB SCADAVantage for Oil & Gas Industries

© ABB Group

SCADA SystemsSystem Architecture

© ABB Group

Automation PyramidClassical Structuring

© ABB Group

HMI PLC PLC HMI…

… ……

ERP

MES APCSCADA

Enterprise Resource Planning

Manufacturing Execution System

Supervisory Control and Data Aquisition

Advanced Process Control

Human-Machine Interface

Programmable Logic Controller

DataAcquisition Planning

Field devices: sensors, actuators...

Cloud Computing

“Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.”

5 essential characteristics

On-demand self-service

Broad network access

Resource pooling

Rapid elasticity or expansion

Measured service

NIST Definition

© ABB Group

[http://www.nist.gov/itl/cloud/]

CloudificationClassical Automation Pyramid (AP)

© ABB Group

HMI PLC PLC HMI…

… ……

ERP

MES APCSCADA

Source: „Cyber-Physical Systems: Chancen und Nutzen aus Sicht der Automation“,

April 2013, GMA Fachausschuss 7.20 „Cyber Physical Systems“, Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik im VDI/VDE

Cloudification Step 1Few Cyber Physical Systems, Independent Clouds

HMI PLC PLC HMI…

… ……

© ABB Group

ERP

MES APCSCADA

Source: „Cyber-Physical Systems: Chancen und Nutzen aus Sicht der Automation“,

April 2013, GMA Fachausschuss 7.20 „Cyber Physical Systems“, Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik im VDI/VDE

HMI PLC PLC HMI…

… ……

PLC

ERP

MES APCSCADA

HMI PLC PLC HMI…

… ……

PLC

ERP

MES APCSCADA

Cloudification Step 2Few Cyber Physical Systems, Connected Cloud

© ABB Group

…

Source: „Cyber-Physical Systems: Chancen und Nutzen aus Sicht der Automation“,

April 2013, GMA Fachausschuss 7.20 „Cyber Physical Systems“, Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik im VDI/VDE

Cloudification Step 3Mainly Cyber Physical Systems on upper AP Levels

HMI PLC PLC HMI…

…

MES… …

ERP

……

PLC

© ABB Group

Source: „Cyber-Physical Systems: Chancen und Nutzen aus Sicht der Automation“,

April 2013, GMA Fachausschuss 7.20 „Cyber Physical Systems“, Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik im VDI/VDE

Cloudification Step 4Upper AP Levels partly replaced by Cloud Services

© ABB Group

…

HMI PLC PLC HMI…

…

MES…

ERP

……

PLC

Source: „Cyber-Physical Systems: Chancen und Nutzen aus Sicht der Automation“,

April 2013, GMA Fachausschuss 7.20 „Cyber Physical Systems“, Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik im VDI/VDE

Cloudification Step 5Cloud Services dominating upper AP levels

…HMI PLC PLC HMI…

…

MES…

ERP

……

PLC

© ABB Group

Source: „Cyber-Physical Systems: Chancen und Nutzen aus Sicht der Automation“,

April 2013, GMA Fachausschuss 7.20 „Cyber Physical Systems“, Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik im VDI/VDE

HMI PLC PLC HMI…

MES…

ERP

PLC…

… ……

Cloudification Step 6Cloud Services replacing upper AP levels

© ABB Group

Source: „Cyber-Physical Systems: Chancen und Nutzen aus Sicht der Automation“,

April 2013, GMA Fachausschuss 7.20 „Cyber Physical Systems“, Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik im VDI/VDE

Cloudification Step 7Automation Pyramid replaced by Automation Cloud

© ABB Group

…

…

……

Source: „Cyber-Physical Systems: Chancen und Nutzen aus Sicht der Automation“,

April 2013, GMA Fachausschuss 7.20 „Cyber Physical Systems“, Gesellschaft Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik im VDI/VDE

Automation Cloud

Latency Security Multitenancy

Availability Elasticity Portability

Usability Interoperabili

ty

Selected Architectural Challenges

March 1, 2013 | Slide 15

© ABB Group

© ABB Group

Criticality

Sampling time1 ms 10 ms 100 ms 1 s 10 s 1 d 30 d 1 y1 min 10 min 1 h 10 h

Real-time boiler control

Loop auditing

HVAC / buildings

Chemicals / refining MPC

?Service data

Network round-trip time for a cloud data center in Europe

(distance < 5000 km, 66 % speed of light)

Rolling millsCementMinerals

Power gen.

Solar panel / wind turbine

Low

High

Architectural ChallengesLatency

© ABB Group

Architectural ChallengesLatency

• Characteristics: high latencies (seconds)• Well suited for cloud latency. Future: fleet

management, big data intelligence

SCADA, MES, PIMS, (ERP)

• Characteristics: latencies not critical• Today: VMs with engineering tools• Future: web-based, social design of

control applications

Engineering (e.g., device

configuration)

• Characteristics: high latencies, high computational power

• Conflicts with a typical cloud business model („low end“)

Advanced Process Control

(APC)

• Characteristics: short latencies, low computational power

• Impossible to run many control tasks remotely due to insufficient latencies

Basic Process Control

ABB partnered with cloud provider GlobaLogix to provide a hosted version of SCADAVantage (SaaS)

RTUs triggering fast, basic control on-site

High latency SCADA functionality hosted in 53 data centers in North America, regional proximity

But: no horizontal scaling, no elasticity

Architecture ChallengesLatency

[http://www.abb.com/cawp/seitp202/cf46b46446b6f83985257b7a00488357.aspx]

© ABB Group

Architecture ChallengesSecurity

Stuxnet

Duqu

© ABB Group

GlobaLogix data centers hosting ABB‘s SCADAVantage

2048 bit encryption (exceeding DoD standards)

Compliance with the most stringent Tier 4 data center standards from the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) and American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

Citrix authentication on client laptops and tables

Password protected web access to read-only data

Architecture ChallengesSecurity

[http://www.abb.com/cawp/seitp202/cf46b46446b6f83985257b7a00488357.aspx]

March 1, 2013 | Slide 20

Architecture ChallengesMultitenancy

© ABB Group

[http://goo.gl/FlrES/]

Architecture Challenges

Embedded Systems

PLC, RTU, IED (for low-level, fast control)

Cloud-managed firmware updates

Information Systems

SCADA, MES, ERP, etc.

Cloud with comon data storage enables fleet management, social engineering, preventive maintenance

Mobile Systems

Mobile apps for maintenance personal and operators

APIs for third party extensions

Automation Cloud as Smart Ecosystem

© ABB Group

SCADAVantage on the iPhone

…

…

……

Architecture Challenges

Cloud pattern catalogues Architecture decision sets, ontologies,

domain-specific patterns, …

Architecture description languages Cloud elements as first-class entities,

domain-specific abstractions, …

Architecture evaluation ATAM templates for cloud platforms Model-based predictions

Cloud benchmarks Reference workloads,

tooling, comparisons, …

Methods for Ultra-large Scale Systems Smart Grid & Automation Cloud as ULSS Systems of systems

Directions for Academic Research

© ABB Group

[Koziolek, Proc. WICSA’11]

Automation Pyramid affected by cloud computing capabilities

Architecture Challenges

What control task can be executed remotely?

How to secure a SCADA system in the Internet?

How to effectively apply multi-tenancy?

Future: emergence of a novel smart ecosystem

ConclusionsTowards the Automation Cloud

© ABB Group

…

…

……

…

…

……