Towards open access policy in ICAR and NARS

Towards a Policy on Opening Access to Knowledge on Agricultural Research for

Development in ICAR/NARS

What I Am Going to Talk About?

• Why Opening up Access?• Global scenario Vs. Indian Scenario• Initiatives in ICAR/NARS• What Action Plan/Policy in

ICAR/NARS? • Issues on cost, IPR and licensing etc.

Consumer

FertilizerSupplier

Farmer

LocalTransporter

Storage

Packaging

BulkTransporter

Retail Processing

Retail Marketing

Retail Packaging

SeedSupplier

PesticideSupply

Market

Processing

Knowledge Flows in Agricultural Universities,Innovation and Agricultural Market Chains

Extension Support

NARO

Researcher

ResearchManager

Policy Makers Stakeholders

Re-envisioned Agricultural Universities

Information, Knowledge, Skills, Technology

Courtesy: Ajit Maru, GFAR

The Problem

• A lot of valuable information is generated that could guide decisions and resolve problems — but so little is accessible when it is needed!

• We produce results, but what happens to them? It seems that much useful data and information never get published and the farmers don’t seem to benefit.

Source: CIARD

Consumer

FertilizerSupplier

Farmer

LocalTransporter

Storage

Packaging

BulkTransporter

Retail Processing

Retail Marketing

Retail Packaging

SeedSupplier

PesticideSupply

Market

Processing

Knowledge Flows in Agricultural Universities,Innovation and Agricultural Market Chains

Extension Support

NARO

Researcher

ResearchManager

Policy Makers Stakeholders

Re-envisioned Agricultural

Universities ?Information, Knowledge, Skills, Technology

Courtesy: Ajit Maru, GFAR

The Accessibility @ NARS

• At a consultation on ICT use and Development of Knowledge Platforms in Agricultural Education and Extension organized by ICRISAT and Infosys at Hyderabad in December 2012 revealed that most information on websites in India for farmers, if accessible, is still in the form of electronically delivered pamphlets.

Source: Ajit Maru, XI Agricultural Science Congress, 2013

IARI – Availability & Accessibility

• Publications from IARI are available to subscribers of the CeRA – public availability to IARI publications is very meager.

• Availability and accessibility of IARI publications (2008–2010), only 9% were open access journals and 14% of the published articles could be found on Eprints@IARI.

• Thus, only up to 23% of the IARI’s published literature is available and accessible to the public.

Tandon et.al. 2013 (pre-print)

The Barriers

• No mandate for researchers to make their data, information and knowledge publicly accessible.

• Does not have infrastructure and tools to make data, information and knowledge openly accessible.

• Insufficient technical expertise on opening up access to knowledge.

Source: CIARD

The Solution

• Institutes should have the policies and resources to enable to harness the new digital technologies and to make data and information more easily accessible.

Source: CIARD

Data and information power innovation — restricted access represents a barrier to innovation.

Greater Openness to Research Outputs

• Improves the potential social and economic impact of research.

• Makes research outputs travel further.• Enables researchers themselves to

benefit.• Provides greater value for money

to funding bodies.

Source: CIARD

CGIAR – Availability & Accessibility

• CGIAR Centers found that the titles and citations of articles and publications produced from their research could be easily found in Centers' library catalogues, publications catalogues and even Center websites.

• However the full text of most outputs was hardly accessible from popular search tools such as Google, international databases and open online repositories.

• This meant that key target audiences in policy, science, extension etc could not find or access the material.

Source: CIARD

Independent Review of the CGIAR

• "... suggests that CGIAR Centers should make their research available and useful for development as well as for international science. The CGIAR can achieve development impacts where they matter only by being part of an international public goods delivery system."

Source: CIARD

OAR@ICRISAT

EC Press release (Brussels, 2 December 2010)

• “Scientific information has the power to transform our lives for the better - it is too valuable to be locked away. In addition, every EU citizen has the right to access and benefit from knowledge produced using public funds.”

— Neelie Kroes, Vice-President of the European Commission for the Digital Agenda

Source: CIARD

European Union ‘OpenAIRE’

• "Access to knowledge, information, and data is essential in higher education and research; and more generally, for sustained progress in society. Improved access is the basis for the transfer of knowledge (teaching), knowledge generation (research), and knowledge valorisation (civil society)."

Source: CIARD

GCARD2 endorses CIARD and Recommends

• Continue to engage with the CIARD movement to enhance the coherence and effectiveness of access and use of agricultural information and data.

• Call on managers and policy-makers to lead the development of enabling strategies and policies for more effective access and use of information and data.

• To collaborate on development of methodologies and indicators for measuring the outcomes of enhancing access information and data.

Source: CIARD

CIARD

Coherence in Information for Agricultural Research for Development (CIARD) http://www.ciard.net/A Routemap to Information Nodes and Gateways (RING) http://ring.ciard.net/

Source: CIARD

CIARD Manifesto• Towards a Knowledge Commons on Agricultural

Research for Development• CIARD Vision: ”To make public domain

agricultural research information and knowledge truly accessible to all.”

• The CIARD RING is a global registry of web-based services that will give access to any kind of information sources pertaining to agricultural research for development.

Source: CIARD

CIARD RING

Source: CIARD

Prof. Monty Jones, Chairman GFAR

“FARA-RAILS and the CIARD partners have made a collective commitment to improving access to data and information and ensuring that it is used to the best effect, where it really counts — among the poor, particularly the rural poor”.

— Prof. Monty Jones, Chairman GFAR

Source: CIARD

Opening Access to Africa’s Agricultural Knowledge

World Bank’s Open Access Policy

• "Knowledge is power,” World Bank Group President Robert B. Zoellick said. “Making our knowledge widely and readily available will empower others to come up with solutions to the world’s toughest problems. Our new Open Access policy is the natural evolution for a World Bank that is opening up more and more.”

[WB Press release 10/04/2012]

Source: CIARD

Obama’s Open Access Policy 2013

Source: petitions.gov.in

What is Open Access?

• “Open Access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. What makes it possible is the internet and the consent of the author or copyright-holder.”

–Peter Suber (2004)

Vehicles for Delivering OA

• Open Access Journals– World 8750 from 121 countries– India ranks 4th in world with 483– Journal of Tropical Agriculture– Karnataka journal of Agricultural Sciences– ICAR made its two flag ship journals Open Access

• Societies in ICAR/NARS under NAIP project• Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Association of India• Indian Phytopathology

Indian Agricultural Research Journals

Asia Journals Online using Open Harvester

Vehicles for Delivering OA• Open Access Repositories

– An Institutional Repository is an online locus for collecting, preserving, and disseminating, in digital form, the intellectual output of an institution (INASP, 2013).

– India 94 and World 3360 (ROAR, 2013).– Publicise institute’s research and provides better

management.– Invites new contacts and research partnerships.– Interoperable with all IRs, forming a global research

facility.

BOAI 10 Recommendations

• Every institution of higher education should have a policy assuring that peer-reviewed versions of all future scholarly articles by faculty members are deposited in the institution’s designated repository.

• Universities with institutional repositories should require deposit in the repository for all research articles to be considered for promotion, tenure, or other forms of internal assessment and review.

Source: BOAI

Open Access Repositories 2013

http://maps.repository66.org/

OA Repositories India 2013

http://maps.repository66.org/

Bielefeld Academic Search Engine

BASE is one of the world's most voluminous search engines for academic open access operated by Bielefeld University Library.Currently 42,125,071 documents of 2,462 content sources

Source: BASE

SHERPA/RoMEO

• Publisher copyright policies & self-archiving• http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/• 68% of publishers formally allow some form

of self-archiving.• 31 publishers from India and 1024 globally.

Source: Sherpa/RoMEO

SHERPA/RoMEO

MAPAI’s OAJMAP on SHERPA/RoMEO

Source: Sherpa/RoMEO

Pre-Prints and Post-Prints

• Pre-Prints• First draft of the article - before peer-

review, even before any contact with a publisher

• Post-Prints• Version of the paper after peer-review,

with revisions having been made.

Global Open Access Portal

Source: UNESCO

• Potential barriers to OA in India is the absence of a National mandate on OA. The National Knowledge Commission recommendations include a statement of OA but no formal move has been made towards OA mandates.

NKC Recommends OERs & OA• At a policy level, all research

articles published by Indian authors receiving substantial government or public funding must be made available under Open Access.

• A national academic OA portal should be developed.

Source: knowledgecommission.gov.in/

Open Access Mandates

Source: roarmap.eprints.org/

Open Access Mandates (India)

Source: roarmap.eprints.org/

OER Policy Registry

Source: Creative Commons

Open Access in ICAR/NARS/India

• BOAI, 2001- (MAPAI, ARSSF, Open Access India have signed).• Berlin Declaration, 2003 – (INSA, MAPAI, ARSSF have signed).• CSIR’s Open Access Policy (2009).• ICRISAT’S Open Access Policy (2009).• ICAR Open Access Journals (2010).• Open Access Institutional Repositories in ICAR/NARS.• Open Access Thematic Repositories in ICAR/NARS (NAIP).

openagri (Agropedia)

Source: Agropedia

Eprints@CMFRI

Source: CMFRI

Open Access E-Repository @ IIHR

Source: IIHR

Eprints@IARI

Source: IARI

Dspice@IISR

Source: IISR

Indian Rice Research Repository

Source: rkmp.co.in

Rice Data Repository

Source: rkmp.co.in

Open Access ETD (UASD)

Source: etd.uasd.edu

KrishiPrabha (Closed Access ETD)

Source: Krishi Prabha

CSIR’s Open Access Policy 2009

Source: CSIR

CISIR Central

ICRISAT’s Open Access Policy 2009

Soruce: ICRISAT

Agenda for Action in ICAR/NARS

Opening up of Access to Knowledge in ICAR/NARS

• Policy and practice– Advocacy toolkit. – Documentation of initiatives to open up access

and benefits of sharing data and information.• Organization

– Capacity development with support of global public domain organizations.

• Technologies– Free/Open services, tools and infrastructures. – Free/Open standards.

Source: CIARD

Meeting on ICM @ NASC (Nov. 2010)

• The ICAR system has a wealth of agricultural knowledge at various locations. Major efforts need to be initiated to bring them to a common platform and a knowledge base may be created for easy and open access for the benefits of all people working in agriculture.

• The ICAR should get linked to the CIARD initiative to make agricultural research information publicly available and accessible to all.

Advisory Group on ICM in ICAR

An advisory group comprising of the following was formed to guide ICAR from time to time on various ICT related issues.• Dr. Ajit Maru, GFAR• Mr. Rikin Gandhi, Digital Green• Dr. T. V. Prabhakar, IIT, Kanpur• Mr. Pier Paolo Ficarrelli, ILRI• Dr. Sanjay Chaudhary, DA-IICT, Gandhinagar• Dr. Krishna Alluri, British Columbia

ICAR Open Access Policy!?

In order to maximize the availability, accessibility and applicability of publicly-funded research, the ICAR expects its institutes to create and build open access repositories.

• To deposit immediately electronic copies of all research outputs upon acceptance for publication.

• To deposit grey literature, published data, photos, reports, manuals, teaching resources etc.

• To register these information sources & services in the CIARD RING registry.

National Data Sharing and Access Policy

• Aims at the promotion of a technology-based culture of data management as well as data sharing and access.

• It opens up, proactively, information on available data, which could be shared with civil society for developmental purposes.

Source: NDSAP

Open Access: IPR & Licensing Issues

• Most of the publishers allow either pre-prints/post-prints to archive and few others allow ‘publisher's pdf’ version.

• SHERPA/RoMEO – Publisher's Copyrights Policies.

• 'All Rights Reserved' to 'Some Rights Reserved‘ using Creative Commons.

Policies@SHERPA/RoMEO

MAPAI’s OAJMAP uses CC-BY

Source: OAJMAP

Articles under CC-BY

Source: OASPA

Open Access Costs?• Server Space• Free and Open Source Software

– Eprints– DSpace– Open Journal Systems– Open Harvester Systems

• Alternate business models– Advertisements– Article Processing Fee– Authors Pay Model– Donations– Memberships– Sponsorship (Professional Societies/Universities)

Open Access Fund?

• Many of the commercial Open Access Journals or Journals with Open Access model requires Article Processing Charges.

• The ICAR may set up a central fund or make provision in projects to pay Open Access publication charges.

Case Studies

Open Access in Institutions with Mandates to Non-Mandated

Gargouri Y, Hajjem C, Larivière V, Gingras Y, et al. (2010) Self-Selected or Mandated, Open Access Increases Citation Impact for Higher Quality Research. PLoS ONE 5(10): e13636. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013636http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0013636

Interaction between OA and Article Age

Gargouri Y, Hajjem C, Larivière V, Gingras Y, et al. (2010) Self-Selected or Mandated, Open Access Increases Citation Impact for Higher Quality Research. PLoS ONE 5(10): e13636. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013636http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0013636

Resources

• CIARD Advocacy Toolkit http://www.ciard.net/advocacytoolkit

• EPrints http://www.eprints.org• Repositories Support Project

http://www.rsp.co.uk• EIFL-OA http://www.eifl.net/openaccess

Source: CIARD

Open Access – Peter Suber

Agriculture Information Metadata System

• AIMS is a space for accessing and discussing agricultural information management standards, tools and methodologies, connecting information workers worldwide to build a global community of practice.

• http://aims.fao.org/

Source: aims.fao.org

Open Access India

• Advocating Open Access in India

• 2,644 members on Facebook Group

Groups – https://www.facebook.com/groups/oaindia/Page – https://www.facebook.com/oaindia/Blog – http://oaindia2013.wordpress.com/

thank you for your kind attention