T OWARDS N ET Z ERO E NERGY B UILDINGS O CTOBER 18, 2018 KLCC, K UALA L UMPUR , M ALAYSIA
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TOWARDS NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS
OCTOBER 18, 2018
KLCC, KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
I. ECOPOLIS – INTRODUCTION TO AUROVILLE
II. CREATING A REGENERATIVE ENVIRONMENT
III. SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE
IV. SWITCH TO SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOURCES
V. WATER – EFFLUENTS – TREATED WATER
VI. NON-POLLUTING TRANSPORTATION
VII. OTHER FEATURES IN BRIEF
I. ECOPOLIS – INTRODUCTION TO AUROVILLE
3 TRANSITION FROM AGROPOLIS TO PETROPOLIS
4 LIMITS TO GROWTH AND CARRYING CAPACITY
5 PRINCIPLES OF REGENERATIVE DEVELOPMENT
§ Consider human development, social structures and cultural concerns are an inherent part of the ecosystem
§ Ask ‘How can humans participate in the ecosystem using development to create optimum health for all.’
§ Restore and create eco-system capacities
§ Respect diversity and uniqueness of each place as crucial to the design
§ Consider the design process as ongoing and participatory
§ Promote closed loop systems
6 ENSURING REGENERATIVE CHARACTER OF THE CITY
City surrounded by the green belt
7 BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO AUROVILLE
What is Auroville?
§ Auroville is a universal township in the making for a population of up to 50,000 people from around the world.
Where is Auroville?
§ Located in South India, a few km inland from the Coromandel Coast, 160 km south of Chennai and 10 km north of the town of Pondicherry
Genesis of Auroville
§ The concept of Auroville, an ideal township devoted to an experiment in human unity, was shared with the Govt. of India, which supported it and presented to the General Assembly of UNESCO. In 1966 UNESCO passed a unanimous resolution commending it as a project of importance to the future of humanity.
8 THEN, AND THE FUTURENOW
INAUGURATION: FEBRUARY 28, 19689
AUROVILLE CHARTER10
11 EARLY YEARS
II. CREATING A REGENERATIVE ENVIRONMENT
Source: http://www.green.aurovilleportal.org/
13 INHERITING A DEVASTATED LAND
14 HEALING PROCESS THROUGH REFORESTATION
15 REGENERATION OF ECOSYSTEM OF SERVICES
16 WATER CHALLENGES
17 DRAINAGE CHANNELS AND SILTING PONDS
18 WATER CATCHMENT
19 SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
§ The entire water supply both for drinking and irrigation is dependent on underground sources (deep wells)
§ Extensive water management research and application.
§ Extensive networks of raised earthbanks and ditches called ‘bunds’ were placed along the contours of the land, along with a series of earth check dams and catchment ponds.
§ Work units ‘Palmyra’ and ‘Water Harvest’ are working on the rehabilitation of an ancient network of community catchment tanks that once covered the land, in an attempt to§ Recharge the aquifers§ Prevent saltwater intrusion, and§ Conserve water for irrigation
20 WATER RESERVOIRS
III. SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE
22 AUROVILLE ARCHITECTURE
Congregation of architects from all over the world
§ The dream of building a new city has attracted architects from all over the world since Auroville’s inception.
Various aspects of Auroville architecture§ Building materials and technologies§ Eco-friendly architecture§ Climate-responsive design§ Integration with the natural surrounding
Co-developments§ Design and management of building infrastructure§ Integrated rainwater harvesting systems§ Domestic waste water treatment plants§ Integration of renewable energy systems
23 APPROPRIATE BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES
Definition
§ Building processes and tools that are appropriate to the climate, socio-economic conditions and natural resources of the area, and which contribute to sustainable development
Examples of appropriate building technologies§ Earth construction§ Ferrocement
Earth construction§ Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs) are made in a manual press using a
mixture of earth with 3-5% cement§ CEBs use between 3-5 times less energy to make than fired bricks§ CEBs can be made on site, saving transportation fuel and cost; their
production does not contribute to environmental pollution
24 LOW EMBODIED ENERGY: SWEAT EQUITY
25 RAMMED EARTH CONSTRUCTION
26 BAMBOO: CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL AND BIOMASS
27 EXPERIMENTING WITH MODERN MATERIALS
28 INNOVATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
29 INNOVATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
30 ARCHITECTURE: SEARCH FOR BEAUTY IN MATTER
31 ARCHITECTURE: SEARCH FOR BEAUTY IN MATTER
Kala Bhumi
32 ARCHITECTURE: SEARCH FOR BEAUTY IN MATTER
33 ARCHITECTURE: SEARCH FOR BEAUTY IN MATTER
34 HOUSING COMPLEX (17 APARTMENTS)
Rammed earth and CSEB from foundation to roof:- 4 times less embodied energy- 3 times less operating energy- Low emission during construction and use
Other features:- Rainwater harvesting- Biological wastewater treatment system- Earth tunnel for natural air conditioning
35 HOUSING COMPLEX
36 EXAMPLES OF HOUSING PROJECTS
37 EXAMPLES OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS
38 EXAMPLE OF A SCHOOL
IV. SWITCH TO SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOURCES
40 SOLAR BOWL FOR STEAM GENERATION
41 WINDMILLS AND SOLAR PV FOR WATER PUMPING
42 WIND TURBINES OFFSETTING ENERGY USE
43 FIRST SOLAR POWER PLANT IN THE COUNTRY
44 MANUFACTURING OF BIOGAS PLANTS
Present Future
45 MICRO-GRID WITH VIRTUAL NET METERING
46 DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY
47 DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY
48 NET ENERGY POSITIVE CITY
6% 3%
91%
Stand-alone solar PV Grid-connected solar PV Wind turbines
7.84
4.83
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Renewable Energy Energy consumption
Mill
ions
Production vs. consumption (kWh/year)
Renewable energy generation around 60% more than the city’s consumption
V. WATER – EFFLUENTS – TREATED WATER
§ Water scarcity will create awareness of unsustainable water practices, thereby augmenting the need for water reduction measures and proper treating of waste water
§ Treating waste water with minimal dependency on external energy and maintenance procedures
§ To achieve discharge standards
§ To be able to reuse wastewater and its contents
50 WATER – EFFLUENTS – TREATED WATER
51 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Challenges and solutions
§ Ground water is inadequate to develop and sustain activities
Achieve water
security
Rainwater harvesting
Wastewater recycling
Groundwater use
Desalination of brackish
water
Water conservation
52 ELEVATION CONTOURS
53 HIGH PERCOLATION AREAS
54 EXTRACTED WATER FLOW STREAMS
55 RAINWATER HARVESTING
Delineating Watersheds and micro-watersheds
Identification of surface drainage patterns
Quantitative modelling of surface run-off
Quantification of surface water catchment areas
Rainwater harvesting
study
56 TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS
57 MONITORING OF WATER WELLS
58 RAIN WATER HARVESTING
59 DECENTRALIZED WASTEWATER TREATMENT SITES
§ Suitable for treatment of wastewater flows from 1-1000 m³/d
§ Tolerant to inflow fluctuations
§ Uses as much as possible gravity instead of pumps, avoiding valves
§ Aims towards reliable and long-lasting devices
§ Anaerobic technology in warm climates, aerobic technology in colder climates
§ The treatment is achieved by channeling the waste water through different devices, using natural anaerobic and aerobic processes
60 DECENTRALIZED WASTE WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
•Settler
Pre-treatment
•Baffled tank
1st treatment•Anaerobic
filter
2nd treatment
•Planted gravel filter
3rd treatment•Polishing
pond
Post-treatment
61 WASTE WATER TREATMENT: OPERATING PRINCIPLE
0200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
Raw SewageSettler Outlet
Baffle ReactorOutlet Gravel Filter
Outlet Pond Outlet
571
457
2520
18
1086
880
7060
56BOD
and
CO
D, m
g/l
Stages of BOD and COD reduction
BOD5 (mg/l ) COD (mg/l)
62 WASTE WATER TREATMENT: SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
63 WASTE WATER TREATMENT: EXAMPLES
64 WASTE WATER TREATMENT: EXAMPLES
65 WASTE WATER TREATMENT: EXAMPLES
•Settler
Pre-treatment
•Baffled tank
1st treatment•Anaerobic
filter
2nd treatment
•Vortex system
3rd treatment•Polishing
pond
Post-treatment
66 IMPROVE WASTE WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
67
Space requirement reduced from 5 to 1.2 m2/m3 of wastewater treated
IMPROVE WASTE WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
68 THE ”VORTEX” CONCEPT
69 PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENT WITH VORTEX SYSTEM
70 VORTEX SYSTEM AT AN APARTMENT BLOCK
71 WASTEWATER SYSTEMS INTEGRATED INTO LANDSCAPE
VI. NON-POLLUTING TRANSPORTATION
73 TRANSPORTATION IN AUROVILLE
Car-free galaxy plan
§ All areas of the city are within 5 - 6 minutes walking distance from the Crown Road.
§ The outer ring road could take motorized traffic and connect with centralized parking areas
§ Onward travel would be by bicycle
Pedal power within the city
§ Inside the outer ring road area, transport of people and goods would be by pedal-power (network of pleasant cycle and pedestrian paths) and electric-powered vehicles
Parking at outer ring road
§ The outer ring road will have large storage yards for accommodating supplies while awaiting their dispatch into the city.
74 BICYCLE PATHWAYS
75 BICYCLE PARKING OPTIONS
76 NON-POLLUTING TRANSPORTATION INITIATIVES
77 NON-POLLUTING TRANSPORTATION INITIATIVES
78 NON-POLLUTING TRANSPORTATION
VII. OTHER FEATURES IN BRIEF
80 ORGANIC FARMING
81 ROOFTOP GARDENING
82 WASTE MANAGEMENT AND UPCYCLING
83
Auroville: A regenerative city with a soul
Acknowledgements: All photos used for this presentation are from friends in Auroville.
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