Towards Harmonized Urban Indicators at a Global Scalesiteresources.worldbank.org/INTURBANDEVELOPMENT/... · 1 e-geopolis Towards Harmonized Urban Indicators at a Global Scale Updating

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e-geopolis

Towards Harmonized Urban Indicators at a Global Scale

Updating our knowledge of urbanization processes,1950-2020

World Bank, Aug.12, 2008François Moriconi-Ebrard

e-geopolis

The paradox

50% of world population living in cities ?

Heterogeneous definitions of urbanDiversity of statistical approaches

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e-geopolis : conceptual framework

connectivity, commuting pattern

density/ continuous built-up areaadministrationDEFINITION

accessibilitymorphologicalPolitical, legalDYNAMICS

‘metropolite’

(Gr. Meter polis)

urbanite

(lat. Urbs)

citizen

(lat. Civitas)INHABITANT

network control, densification and

diversification

accumulation of activities, goods and

peoplecharter, city-

wallsHISTORY

METRO AREAURBAN AREACITY/TOWN

e-geopolis : methodology

Step 1 : legal boundaries of administrative units

Use of statistical data such aspopulation censuses

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Step 2 : satellites images

Combined with topographic maps, satellite images and/or field data


Step 3 : built areas are drawn

Physical expansion of built-up areas :agglomerations

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Step 4 : buffer areas

Buffer areas: 100 meters around built-up areas


Step 5 : buffer areas are put together

Contiguous and overlapping buffer areas are assembled

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Step 6 : boundaries are adjusted

Agglomeration boundaries are ‘adjusted’ according to whole local units.

Min. of 50% and more of local units must be agglomerated


A single definition for ‘urban’ settlements (10,000 inh.)

In use in about 50 countries in the world

Recommended by UN/ESA 1980

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E-geopolis data could be verified:

1- data could be superimposedon Google Earth images in KLM format

2- demographic sources deposited in public libraries

e-geopolis : three examples

AFRICAPOLIS(West-Africa , an AFD supported project)

EUROPOLIS

INDIAPOLIS

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Africapolis : results

Urbanization rate 1960 : 13%

7.5 % in 1950 33.6 % in 2010

One of the world’s lowest rate



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Agglomerations’ geographical distribution, 1950

125agglomerationsin 1950

1,500 in 2020

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1,500 in 2020




1,500 in 2020

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1,500 in 2020




1,500 in 2020

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1,500 in 2020




1,500 in 2020

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125agglomerationsen 1950

1,500 in 2020


Urban shapes and urbanized areas

One third of West African people live on 14,000 sq.km,

which is3/1000 of West African land

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Africapolis : results�

No agglomeration of1 million or more in 1960…

16 in 2010 (28 millions residents)

60 cities of 20,000 and less in 1950 …

600 in 2010

Project hosted by IFP Pondichery, Indiawww.ifpindia.org

Indiapolis �: in process

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EUROPOLIS

Supported by ANR(Agence Nationale pour la Recherche), France

Europolis �: in process

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Ruhr-Rhine regions, urban areas (10,000 and more)

Compared with Paris at the same scale

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e-geopolis : why ?

Heterogeneous sets of data published by national statistics

Select a countryor region

e-geopolis : why ?

No projected data for cities under 500,000 at world scale

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e-geopolis : why ?

Number of agglomerations of 500,000 and more

34 en 2020

e-geopolis : why ?

What about small agglomerations ?

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e-geopolis : why ?

Urbanization ‘from below ’ : emerging agglomerations

1950-60

e-geopolis : why ?

Urbanization ‘from below ’ : emerging agglomerations

2010-20

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e-geopolis : why ?

Bannonfla: a new agglomeration

Bannonfla, Cote d’Ivoire had 10,000 residents in 2007, but was still listed as rural area by local authorities

e-geopolis : why ?

« Se sentant abandonnés par le programme d'électrification les habitants de Bannonfla ont publiquement exprimé leur mécontentement.

Le Mouvement de développement de Bannonfla (MDB) a initié, dimanche dernier, une marche pacifique suivie d'un meeting à la place publique dudit village.

Il a exprimé sa déception et réclamé un minimum d'attention du Front populaire ivoirien (FPI), parti dont il se réclame. la Mutuelle de développement social du Gonan (MUDESGO), ont lancé un cri du cœur, non seulement en faveur de l'avènement de la lumière, mais également pour d'autres commodités comme le téléphone, l'eau courante, la réhabilitation de la voie principale d'accès au canton »

Fraternité Matin (Abidjan) 25 Juillet 2007.

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e-geopolis : why ?

Ouagadougou : urban sprawl on the city periphery’s villages

Urban/ rural demarcation was revised

e-geopolis : why ?

A call for precise data

Kankan, Guinea, 108,700 inhabitants in 2000

In red, Kankan’s urban outline as defined by Africapolis project

In white, Kankan’s urban outline as defined by GRUMP’s Urban Extends

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e-geopolis : why ?

Misplaced names on satellite images

Ashanti region, north east of Kumasi, Ghana

e-geopolis : how ?

Three types of sources brought together: − Population census data - Geo-referenced local units (settlements)− Satellite images

A single definition of urban settlements

Based on the entire settlement distribution (from hamlets to metropolis)

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e-geopolis : how ?

Population censuses (CIV, 1998)

e-geopolis : how ?

2 millions geo-referenced local units

Benin’s settlements

Red dots: urban

Blue dots: rural

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e-geopolis : conclusion

Project allows a wide range of analysis, such as :

Growth of 50,000 agglomerationsPatterns of urban population distributionDensity and urbanization ; density and environments‘Metropolization’ effect‘Administrative status’ effect‘Littoral’ effectUrbanization trends 1950-2020

e-geopolis: projected calendar

?2010Rest of the World

ANR(10%)2009-2010Americapolis

?2009Maghrebopolis

?2009-2010Chinapolis

ANR/ESF (100%)Spring 2009Europolis

ANR/IFP (20%)2008-2009Indiapolis

?2009Africapolis, rest of Africa

AFD/ANR (100%)2008 (completed)Africapolis (W)

FUNDINGDATEWORLD REGION

Towards Harmonized Urban Indicators at a Global Scalesiteresources.worldbank.org/INTURBANDEVELOPMENT/... · 1 e-geopolis Towards Harmonized Urban Indicators at a Global Scale Updating

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