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Towards and Independent
Ireland
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POLITICAL GROUPS IN 20TH CENTURY IRELAND
Governing Ireland
• Irish MPs and lords in Westminster•
Lord Lieutenant represented King• Chief Secretary represented British
government
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1. Naionali!!Ho"e R#le Par$
• ast ma!ority supported IrishParliamentary Party "#ome $uleParty%&
• Led 'y (ohn $edmond• )* of +,- seats in +.+,• #ome $ule meant a parliament
in /u'lin to deal withinternal a0airs
• Peaceful means&• #ad su ort of the Li'eral Part &
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IR%Iri!& Re'#(li)an %ro&er&ood
• Secret revolutionary organisation• $esponsi'le for +)12 3enian $ising•
Complete independent $epu'lic• Supported 'y Irish in 4S5• 3ollowed the tradition of Wolfe Tone
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Sinn 36in
• 5rthur 7ri8th +.,-• /ual monarchy•
5'stention 9 Irish MPs wouldwithdraw from the parliament inWestminster and set up their own
• Tari0s to develop industry• Small until after +.+1
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4nionists
• Wanted to stay in 4K& :o #$& ;reasons
• 3elt British• #ome rule < $ome rule• 3ear of losing trade lin=s•
Carson and Craig• Supported 'y Conservatives ">mpire
would fall apart%
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La(o#r *ove"en
• Poor state of wor=ers in Ireland• (ames Lar=in from Liverpool set up
IT7W4• William Martin Murphy and
>mployers 3ederation < Loc=out• Police? government and Catholic
Church supported employers&• 5fter - months wor=ers defeated•
IT7W4 did not die
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2. THE HO*E RULECRISIS
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T&e Ho"e R#le %ill
• +.+, the Li'eral government neededthe support of the #ome $ule Party")* seats%
• +.++ Li'erals passed The Parliament5ct& #ouse of Lords could only delay'ills for @ years&
• +.+@ Third #ome $ule Bill 'ecamelaw&
• +.+* WW+ 'ro=e out&• +.+1 the Irish didnAt want #$
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Unioni! O''o!iion
• Too= many di0erent forms• /emonstrations and speeches 'y Carson
and Craig• Solemn League and Covenant 9 Some
Signed in their own 'lood& @,,?,,,signatures
•
43 9 +,,?,,, men& Set up solely to resist#ome $ule• Bought arms and ammunition in 7ermany&
@*@- 5pril +.+* they smuggled them intoLarne? Co& 5ntrim ";-,,, ries%
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Two 7roups Supported 4nionist$esistance
• The Curragh MutinyD British armyo8cers who were 'ased in theCurragh in Kildare? said that they
would resign rather than go to 4lsterto impose #ome $ule
• The Conservative Party leader
5ndrew Bonar Law fully supported4nionist $esistance
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Naionali! Rea)ion
• >oin Mac:eill wrote EThe :orthBeganA& #e wanted :ationalists tofollow the eFample of the 4nionists
and set up their own olunteer 3orce• I$B involvement• #owth gun running ".,, ries%
5sgard• WW+ stopped Civil War
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• I+, - T&e Iri!& +ol#neer!
• I3 set up in +.+*•
>oin Mc :eil was chief of sta0
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;& REACTION TO ORLD
AR 1
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• 4nionists !oined ;1th 4lster /ivision to showsupport for the union 9 thought home rule would'e gone
•
$edmond at Wooden'ridge created a split in theI3 G got people to !oin war• Those who supported $edmond 'ecame the
Naional +ol#neer! and !oined the Britisharmy
• Those who supported Mac:eill =ept the Irisholunteers name @-,?,,, Irishmen fought inWW+& ;,?,,, to *,?,,, died
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*& THE 1/1 RISING
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Plan! or a Ri!ing•
I$B E>nglandAs di8culty is IrelandAsopportunityA• Military Council "Thomas Clar=e?
Patric= Pearse? Sean Mc/ermott? Thomas Mac /onagh? (oseph Plun=ettand >amon Ceannt%
•
(ames Connolly and the Irish CitienAs5rmy persuaded to !oin&
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• $oger Casement went to get @,?,,,ries from 7ermany on the 5ud
• Mac:eill would not ta=e part unlessthey were attac=ed Jrst& The Castledocument was forged& Mac:eill wasdeceived and agreed to allow the I3
ta=e part at >aster
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Plan! go rong
• 5ud captured and scuttled&•
Casement arrested and hanged&• Mac:eill found out the Castle
/ocument was a forgery and calledo0 manoeuvres on >aster Sunday
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• 3ailure to ta=e /u'lin Castle a 'ig mista=e&• British sent reinforcements from the Curragh and
>ngland&• The #elga 'oat 'rought ammo which the British
used to shell the 7P• n Saturday? the leaders agreed to unconditional
surrender
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T&e Re!#l! o &e Ri!ing
• -,, =illed? more in!ured? much damage• /u'liners were angry with re'els•
Martial law was 'rought in "@,,, people wereinterned%• ., sentenced to death& +- eFecuted in
Kilmainham (ail& Irish minds were changed& The
idea of #ome $ule was over&• Sinn 36in got 'lamed for rising and 'ecame
popular& It changed its aim to an Irish $epu'lic&/ealera 'ecame its leader&
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• T&e Con!)ri'ion Cri!i!
• Compulsory military service further'oosted Sinn 3einAs popularity
• T&e 1/13 General Ele)ion
• 2; seats for Sinn 3ein
• Called their MPs Teachta /la andrefused to ta=e seats&
• +.+. /il Nireann set up&
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4. THE INDEPENDENCE
STRUGGLE
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Sinn ,5in and &e ,ir! Dail
• @+ (an +.+. the Jrst /ail was held inthe Mansion #ouse
• @2 T/s only attended? the rest were in
!ail or on the run• 3irst meeting issuedD
– /eclaration of Independence
– 5 message to the 3ree :ations of the World – 5 programme to improve living and
wor=ing conditions
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• 5t a later meeting /ealera waselected president
• Collins was Minister for 3inanceO
Mar=ievic "la'our%? 7ri8th "homea0airs and vicepresident%
• The /ailD – 7ot control of Local gov& – Set up their own courts – 7ot loans
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T&e ar o Inde'enden)e
• Same day of 3irst /ail $oyal IrishConsta'ulary "$IC% patrol wasam'ushed in Solohead'eg? Tip& "/an
Breen and Sean Treacy I$5 led it%• 5ttac=ed police o8cers guarding a
supply to a Quarry&• In the >arly stages? the $IC were the
main target of guerrilla campaign&
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• Collins? as /irector of Intelligence"spy%The SQuad& R+,?,,, reward&
• 3lying Columns "Tom Barry? LiamLynch? >rnie Malley% victories atKilmichael and Cross'arry&
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T&e %rii!& Re!'on!e
• Blac= and tans• 5uFiliaries• Could not cope with guerrilla warfare
and carried out reprisals "Cor=?Bal'riggan? 'urnings? 'eatings andmurder%
• The 7overnment of Ireland 5ct +.@,
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*a6or in)iden! o &e ar oInde'enden)e
• Toms MacCurtainAs murder• Terence MacSwineyAs 2* day hunger
stri=e• Bloody Sunday @+st of :ov +.@,& ++
agents =illed& +@ in Cro=e par="Michael #ogan%&
• Burning of Customs #ouse "), of/u'lin 'rigade gone%
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Pea)e
• People wanted peace& I$5 out ofammo and short of men&
• Bad pu'licity for British gov& Costinga lot of money
• /ealera and Lloyd 7eorge agreed aceaseJre&
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1&THE IRISH CI+IL AR
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Divi!ion!
• ProTreaty "$egulars or 3ree State5rmy% 5nti Treaty "Irregulars or$epu'licans%
• Both sides gra''ed 'arrac=s as theBritish left
• Irregulars too= * Courts• Collins won election well& When *
Courts Irregulars too= a $egulargeneral? Collins attac=ed them& #e
won easily with British artillery&
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T&e *#n!er Re'#(li)
• $epu'licans retreated south fromLimeric= to Waterford
• Collins used ships to carry troops toCor=
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Dea& o Collin! and Gri7&
• 5ugust +.@@• 7ri8th had 'rain haemorrhage• CollinsD am'ushed "shot% at Beal na
mBlath• WT Cosgrave and Kevin #iggins
too= over
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G#erilla arare
Did no or8 ell (e)a#!e9
• 3ree State had support of mostpeople
• They =new the land as well• 7reat 'rutality on 'oth sides• 5pril +.@; Liam Lynch =illed& 3ran=
5i=en and /e called a ceaseJre
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Re!#l!
• /eath and destruction• Lost leaders• Bitterness• Political Parties
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