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Tourism ProductA tourism product is any product that is marketed
by a country or an institution to visitors so as to attract them to
visit a nation as tourist and experience the said product.
Tour transportationAccommodationHistoric sites, Recreational
ActivitiesFood
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Elements of Tourism ProductAttractions and
DestinationsFacilities at Destination:
TransportationAccommodation facilitiesFoodEase and
Accessibilities of Destination
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Characteristics of Tourism ProductsIntangible: Tourism being a
service is an intangible product providing facilities unlike other
products in terms of the physical appearance and
nature.Psychological: The main motive to purchase tourism product
is to satisfy the psychological need after using the product, by
getting experiences while interacting with enviournment.Highly
PerishableCompound Product: Combination of different product or
services.Unstable Demand: Its demand is influenced by seasonal,
economic etc
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The Tourism Product Life Cycle
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Tourism Product TypologiesThe activity of tourism constitutes
various characteristics depending upon the time, place and purpose
of tour/ tourist.
Tourism typologies are objectives for attaining a more effective
and comprehensive formulation of tourism product.
The typologies of tourism closely focus on the two key aspects
of the tourism activity: Demand Typology Supply Typology
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Demand TypologyDemand typologies are projected to sub divide
tourists into homogeneous groups.
The purpose of these topologies is to focus and position
alternative strategies, selection of tourist destination, tour and
service pricing, marketing, operations etc.
Tourists can be segregated into three major groups:
The first one is of those travelling alone to the unexplored and
pioneer destinations which are yet to be discovered.
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In second case, the tourists prefer to travel in very small
groups to place of growing reputation with facilities at
destinations. Third group of tourists travels with fully organized
trips to very famous destinations and their impact on tourism
environment and socio economic system is very high.
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Supply TypologiesThese typologies are concerned with the
characteristics of the destination area.These typologies show the
development of tourism, shape and form of destination area.These
typologies give an idea about basic difference of development
between destinations as well as the different character of each
destination.There are three basic methods to create a supply
typology.
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Ideographic: Focusing on the uniqueness of the environment and
destination attractions.
The second method demonstrates the organizational perspective
focusing on the spatial characteristics of size, scale and carrying
capacity.
The last method is cognitive approach dealing with experiences
and perceptions of the tourists.
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Natural ResourcesWildlife Sanctuary
A wildlife sanctuary is a declared protected area, where very
limited human activity is allowed.The ownership of this type of
protected are could lie in the hands of either a government or in
any private organization or person, provided the regulations are
governed by the government.Additionally, the trees can not be cut
down for any purpose; especially the clearing of the forest for
agriculture is completely banned
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National Park
National park was first introduced in 1969, by the IUCN as a
mean of a protected area with a definition.However, in the 19th
century, some western naturalists and explorers have put forward
the ideas of preserving ecosystems in order to conserve wildlife
without active human interference.A national park has a defined
boundary, through which no person can get into the park without an
approval.
Only an approved person can enter into a national park, either
via paying a visitor ticket or an approved letter from the
governing body (mostly the government). The visitors can only
observe the park inside a vehicle that routes through defined
trails and they can not get out the vehicle for any reason unless
there is an approved place for visitors.
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Photographs are allowed but research and educational work can
only be done with a prior permission.
The park can not be used for any reason viz. firewood, timber,
fruitsetc. With all these regulations, the national parks are
established to conserve the natural habitats of the wild fauna and
flora with a minimum human interference.
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DifferenceAnational parkis a park in use for conservation
purposes. Often it is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or
developed land that a sovereign state declares or owns.
Awildlife sanctuaryis a space that is set aside exclusively for
the use of wild animals, which are protected when they roam or live
in that area.
Abiosphere reserveis a voluntary, cooperative, conservation
reserve created to protect the biological and cultural diversity of
a region while promoting sustainable economic development.
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As Adrian Philips quote in the Parks journal in 2004, the
protected areas come in all sizes and shapes and with a bewildering
variety of management systems, ownership and governance patternsThe
national parks are more restricted for the people but earn money
that could be managed to develop nature conservation measures.In
both these protected areas, people have the access for
inspirational, educational, research, and recreational purposes
but, with certain limitations in national parks.
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Natural Reserves in IndiaIt is also known as biosphere
reserve.
It is large protected area for natural habitat (larger than
national parks and sanctuaries).
The government of India has recognized 18 biosphere reserves in
India.
These biosphere not only protect the wildlife of the area, but
also grant protection of the human communities and their lifestyle
residing in that area.
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Out of 18 biospheres 9 biospheres are the part of the world
network of biospheres.
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World Heritage Sites of India Ajanta & Ellora Caves Taj
MahalAgra Fort Sun Temple Konark Monuments at KhajurahoMonuments at
Hampi
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Ajanta & Ellora CavesThe first Buddhist cave monuments at
Ajanta date from the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C. During the Gupta
period (5th and 6th centuries A.D.)The paintings and sculptures of
Ajanta, considered masterpieces of Buddhist religious art, have had
a considerable artistic influence.These caves were excavated during
the supremacy of the Vakatakas and Guptas. According to
inscriptions, Varahadeva, the minister of the Vakataka king,
Harishena (c. AD 475-500), dedicated Cave 16 to the Buddhist sangha
while Cave 17 was the gift of the prince, a feudatory.
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The caves are situated 100km north-east of Ellora, 104km from
Aurangabad and 52km from Jalgaon Railway Station
These magnificent caves containing carvings that depict the life
of Buddha, and their carvings and sculptures are considered to be
the beginning of classical Indian art.
The 29 caves were excavated beginning around 200 BC, but they
were abandoned in AD 650 in favour of Ellora.
Five of the caves were temples and 24 were monasteries, thought
to have been occupied by some 200 monks and artisans.
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Taj MahalAn immense mausoleum of white marble, built in Agra
between 1631 and 1648 by order of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in
memory of his favourite wife.
The Taj Mahal is located on the right bank of the Yamuna River
in a vast Mughal garden that encompasses nearly 17 hectares, in the
Agra District in Uttar Pradesh.
For its construction, masons, stone-cutters, inlayers, carvers,
painters, calligraphers, dome builders and other artisans were
requisitioned from the whole of the empire and also from the
Central Asia and Iran.
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Ustad-Ahmad Lahori was the main architect of the Taj Mahal.
Integrity is maintained in the intactness of tomb, mosque, guest
house, main gate and the whole Taj Mahal complex.
An area of 10,400 sq km around the Taj Mahal is defined to
protect the monument from pollution
The Supreme Court of India in December, 1996, delivered a ruling
banning use of coal/coke in industries located in the Taj Trapezium
Zone (TTZ) and switching over to natural gas or relocating them
outside the TTZ