Tourism and Environment (Pariwisata dan Lingkungan) Week 12 Matakuliah: V0162 - Pengantar Industri Hospitality dan Pariwisata Tahun: 2008.

Tourism and Environment (Pariwisata dan Lingkungan)

Week 12

Matakuliah : V0162 - Pengantar Industri Hospitality dan PariwisataTahun : 2008

Bina Nusantara HO@0808

Subject

• Positive and negative impacts of tourism •The dangers and threats to the environment (Ancaman kerusakan lingkungan)• Sustainable tourism development (Pembangunan berkelanjutan) • Ecotourism • Current environmental practices of tourism organization (Praktek industri pariwisata masa kini)


Tourism Components and SupplyWeek 9

Objectives:On completion of this lesson, the students will be able to explain the positive and negative impact of tourism to the environment and the benefits of ecotourism in preventing the destruction of environments


IntroductionWeek 12

• Tourism development has been identified as being the main cause of environmental degradation

• Examples:– Overbuilding of tourist accommodation

in coastal areas causes water pollution– Temples suffer wear and tear from

multitude of tourists visiting them


IntroductionWeek 12

• The world is now concerned about the impact of tourism development on the environment

• The world is facing major environmental degradation. One of the greatest contributors to the environmental degradation is tourism

• Poorly planned industrial and agricultural expansion has also disastrous consequences in many locations

• Tourism will ultimately suffer more than any other areas of activities if the ongoing degradation process is not controlled


IntroductionWeek 12

• Governments are making efforts to limit degradation through:– Encouraging “environmentally friendly”

practices– Limiting the numbers of tourism at certain

destinations and sites– Developing small-scale tourism as a more a

more “environmentally friendly” alternative to mass tourism (note: Large-scale tourism is not always equated with environmentally Unfriendly development. Careful planning ensures that environmental considerations are evaluated)


IntroductionWeek 12

• Environmental = All aspects of the surroundings of human beings, including cultural, natural and man-made, whether affecting human being as individuals or in social groupings

• Environment is comprised of:– The natural environment: weather, climate,

water-features, topography, soil, etc– The built environment: buildings and other

man-made physical features– Cultural environment– Economic environment– Political environment– Social environment, etc


IntroductionWeek 12

• The relationship between the natural and built environment and tourism is very close. Many features of the environment are attractions for tourists.


Types of Environmental ImpactWeek 12

• Tourism can generate both positive and negative environmental impacts, depending on how well development is planned and controlled


Negative Impacts of TourismWeek 12

• Water pollution– If a sewage disposal system has not been

properly installed for a hotel or other tourist facilities, there may be pollution of ground water from the sewage

– If sewage outfall has been constructed into a nearby river/coastal water area, but the sewage has not been properly treated, the effluent will pollute that water area



• Air pollution– Air pollution from tourism development

can result from excessive vehicular traffic used by/for tourists

– Improperly maintained exhaust systems of vehicles

– Generated from open, devastated areas, for tourist development



• Noise pollution– Generated by a concentration of tourists,

tourists vehicles, certain kinds of tourists attractions

• Visual pollution– Inappropriate/ poorly designed tourist

facilities– Inappropriate landscaping– Excess use of and ugly advertisements– Poorly maintained buildings and

landscapping



• Overcrowding and congestion– Overcrowding by tourists– Vehicular congestion

• Land use problems– Tourism development pre-empts land

which is more valuable for other types of use, such as agriculture, residential/ recreational occupation, or should remain under conservation control



• Ecological disruption– Killing or stunting the growth of

vegetables in a park/ conservation area by many tourists trampling through it

– Collection of rare types of seashells, coral, turtle shells or other such items by tourists, or by local people for sale, to tourists

– Breaking coral by boats– Undue filling of mangrove swamps

(habitats for sea life)



• Environmental hazards– Poor sitting and engineering design of

tourist facilities, generating landslides, flooding and sedimentation of rivers and coastal areas resulting from removal of vegetation, disruption of natural drainage channels, etc

• Damage to historic and archeological sites– Damage of these features through

excessive wear, vibration and vandalism



• Improper water disposal– Littering of debris on the landscape by

tourists– Improper disposal of solid waste from

resorts and hotels, generating litter and environmental health problem from vermin, desease and pollution


Positive Impacts of TourismWeek 12

• Tourism, if well planned and controlled, can help maintain and improve the environment in various ways– Conservation of important natural areas

Tourism helps conserve nature parks, outdoor recreation and conservation areas as attractions

– Conservation of archeological and historic sites

Tourism provides incentive for the conservation of archeological and historic sites as attractions.



– Improvement of environmental quality• Tourism provides incentive for “cleaning up”

the environment through control of air, water and noise pollution, littering and other environmental problems

• Tourism helps improve environmental aesthetics

– Enhancement of environmentDevelopment of well-designed tourist facilities enhances a natural or urban landscape which is otherwise dull, uninteresting



– Improvement of infrastructureLocal infrastructure of airports, roads, water and sewage systems, telecommunications, etc can often be improved through the development of tourism


Caution from World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)Week 12

• WTTC reports: “…it is clear that the world’s environment is being altered by human activity and that without remedial action, the results may be catastrophic”

• WTTC examines the key environmental issues (that affect tourism) under 5 headings:– Global warming– Depletion of the ozone layer– Acid rain– Depletion and pollution of water resources– Depletion and pollution of land resources



• The WTTC expresses particular concern with respect to the depletion pollution of land resources, starting:– The long term implications of resource depletion are

obviously extremely serious. Even over the next few decades the travel and tourism industry could find that:

• Increased competition for land could leas to loss of potential new tourist destinations and degradation of existing destinations



• Loss of landscape and wildlife could cause a decrease in customer satisfaction with tourism products and hence lower propensity to travel to some destinations

• Higher fuel prices could lead to operational price increases and corresponding decreases in the number of travelers in this (tourists) price-sensitive market


Measures to Prevent the Destruction of Environments: “ASTA’s Ten Commandments on

Ecotourism”Week 12

1. Respect the frailty of the earth – help the earth in its preservation

2. Leave only footprintsTake only photographs. Leave no graffiti. Do not litter, Do not take away “souvenirs” from historic sites and natural areas

3. Educate yourself about the geography, customs, manners and cultures of the region you visitTake time to listen to the people. Encourage local conservation efforts.




4. Respect the privacy and dignity of othersInquire before photographing others

5. Do not buy products made from endangered plants or animals

6. Always follow designated trailsDo not disturb animals, plants, or their natural habitats

7. Support conservation-oriented programs and organizationsLearn about them and how the organizations work to preserve environment




8. Walk or utilize environmentally sound methods of transportation

Encourage drivers of public vehicles to stop engines when parked

9. Patronize those who advance energy and environment conservation, dedicated to strong principles of conservation

10.Identify those organizations that subscribe to the ASTA Environmental Guidelines


THANK YOU AND HAVE A GOOD DAY

Tourism and Environment (Pariwisata dan Lingkungan) Week 12 Matakuliah: V0162 - Pengantar Industri Hospitality dan Pariwisata Tahun: 2008.

Documents

tourism components

numbers of tourism

mass tourism

largescale tourism

impact of tourism development

negative impact of tourism

negative environmental

natural environment