1 Division Ave. High School Ms. Foglia AP Biology AP Biology Tour of the Cell 1 AP Biology Prokaryote bacteria cells Types of cells Eukaryote animal cells - no organelles - organelles Eukaryote plant cells AP Biology Why organelles? § Specialized structures u specialized functions § cilia or flagella for locomotion § Containers u partition cell into compartments u create different local environments § separate pH, or concentration of materials u distinct & incompatible functions § lysosome & its digestive enzymes § Membranes as sites for chemical reactions u unique combinations of lipids & proteins u embedded enzymes & reaction centers § chloroplasts & mitochondria mitochondria chloroplast Golgi ER
10
Embed
Tour of the Cell 1 - Springfield Public Schools of the Cell 1 AP Biology Prokaryote Types of cells bacteria cells Eukaryote ... AP Biology 2007-2008 Building Proteins AP Biology Proteins
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
1
Division Ave. High School Ms. FogliaAP Biology
AP Biology
Tour of the Cell 1
AP Biology
Prokaryotebacteria cellsTypes of cells
Eukaryoteanimal cells
- no organelles
- organelles
Eukaryoteplant cells
AP Biology
Why organelles?§ Specialized structures
u specialized functions§ cilia or flagella for locomotion
§ Containersu partition cell into compartmentsu create different local environments
§ separate pH, or concentration of materialsu distinct & incompatible functions
§ lysosome & its digestive enzymes§ Membranes as sites for chemical reactions
u unique combinations of lipids & proteins u embedded enzymes & reaction centers
§ chloroplasts & mitochondria
mitochondria
chloroplast
Golgi
ER
2
Division Ave. High School Ms. FogliaAP Biology
AP Biology
Cells gotta work to live! § What jobs do cells have to do?
u make proteins§ proteins control every
cell functionu make usable energy
§ for daily life§ for growth
u make more cells§ growth§ repair§ renewal
AP Biology 2007-2008
Building Proteins
AP Biology
Proteins do all the work!
cellsDNA
proteins
organismRepeat after me…
Proteins do all the work!
3
Division Ave. High School Ms. FogliaAP Biology
AP Biology
Cells functions § Building proteins
u read DNA instructionsu build proteinsu process proteins
§ folding§ modifying
w removing amino acidsw adding other molecules
n e.g, making glycoproteinsfor cell membrane
u address & transport proteins
AP Biology
Building Proteins§ Organelles involved
u nucleusu ribosomesu endoplasmic reticulum
(ER)u Golgi apparatusu vesicles
nucleus ribosome ER Golgiapparatus vesicles
The Protein Assembly Line
AP Biology
nuclearpores
nuclearpore
nuclear envelopenucleolus
histone protein
chromosome
DNA
§ Functionuprotects DNA
§ Structureu nuclear envelope
§ double membrane§ membrane fused in spots to create pores
w allows large macromolecules to pass through
Nucleus
What kind of molecules need to
pass through?
4
Division Ave. High School Ms. FogliaAP Biology
AP Biology
DNA
NucleusmRNA
nuclearmembrane
smallribosomal
subunit
largeribosomal
subunit
cytoplasm
mRNA
nuclear pore
production of mRNA from DNA in nucleus
mRNA travels from nucleus to ribosome in cytoplasm through nuclear pore
1
2
AP Biology
AP Biology
Nucleolus§ Function
u ribosome production§ build ribosome subunits from rRNA & proteins§ exit through nuclear pores to cytoplasm &