Total Station

TOTAL STATION

TOTAL STATION

NoStudent NameI.D12345678Supervisor: INTRODUCTION TO TOTAL STATIONThe total station is an improvised version of modern surveying instruments such as EDM Electronic distance measurement, auto level and digital level. Total station is a combination of an electronic theodolite and an electronic distance meter (EMD).This combination makes it possible to determine the coordinates of reflector by aligning the instruments cross hair on the reflector and simultaneously measuring the vertical and horizontal angles and slope distances.On board micro-processor in the instrument, takes care of recording, readings and the necessary computations. The data can be easily transferred to a computer where it can be used to generate map.ROBOTIC TOTAL STATIONThe improvised total station by name ROBOTIC TOTAL STATION allows the operator to control the instrument from a distance via remote control.This eliminates the need of an assistant staff member, as the operator holds the reflector and controls the total station from the observed point.

ROBOTIC TOTAL STATIONFUNCTIONS OF TOTAL STATIONCoordinates determination: Total station determines the coordinates of an unknown point relative to the known coordinate by establishing a direct line of sight between the two points. Angles and distances are measured from the total station to points under survey and the coordinates of surveyed points relative to the total station position are calculated using trigonometry and triangulation. Distance measurement: A total station has a small solid state emitter within the instruments optical path. They generate modulated microwave or infrared signals that are reflected by a prism reflector or the object under survey.

Angular measurement: Most of the modern total stations have digital bar-codes on rotating glass cylinder that are installed within the instrument. Angle measurements is done through electro-optical scanning of these digital bar-codes.Data processing: The data recorded by the instrument may be downloaded from the theodolite to a computer and the application software in turn generates a map of the survey area. Many advanced models of total station have built-in micro-processor to record and compute distances, horizontal and vertical angles. ADVANTAGES OF TOTAL STATIONMost accurate and user friendly.Gives position of a point (x, y and z) w. r. t. known point (base point).EDM is fitted inside the telescope.Digital display.On board memory to store data and compatibility with computers.Measures distance and angles and displays coordinates,Auto level compensator is available.Can work in lesser visibility also.Can measure distances even without prismatic target for lesser distances.Is water proof.On board software are available.Total solution for surveying work.

APPLICATIONS OF TOTAL STATIONIN VARITIES OF FIELDS:

Mainly used by land surveyors.Used by archaeologists to record excavations.By Police, crime scene investigators, private accident re-constructionists and insurance companies to take measurements of scenes.

IN CIVIL ENGG FIELD USED FOR:

General purpose angle measurements.General purpose distance measurement.Provision of control surveys.Contour and detail mapping.Setting out and construction work.

AUXILIARY EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:

Targets or Prisms to accurately define the target point of a direction measurement.

A data recorder if one is not integrated into the total station.

A download cable and software on a PC to capture and process the captured digital data to produce contour and detail maps.Literature reviewLike many professions, new technology is becoming more influential in many facets of surveying. Computer technology and CAD packages allow us to design, store and manage more and more data, while at the same time new technology allows us to collect data faster and markup points in the field with increasing speed and accuracy. One such piece of equipment is the reflector less (also known as prism less) total station. Surveying DifficultiesThere are a large number of examples of areas where reflectorless measurements are used at a distinct advantage.Underground mining uses reflectorless technology frequently, but generally the accuracy required is not high. In mining (and other earthworks) situations, a value with 0.05m accuracy would be sufficient.Types of ErrorsWhile survey observations can be highly accurate, observations are never exact, and therefore always contain some errors. In surveying, there are three types of errors, known as systematic errors, random errors and gross errors. Generally, they have different causes, and produce different results. Gross errors are blunders, simple mistakes that should be found using checks during a survey. Methodology

Experiment 1Plotting layout of the lawn in front of civil section building

Aim: To draw the gardens from the top view and to know the area of sides, to find which one is bigger than the other.

Procedure First of all we unpack the total station from the box, and then we take the stand of total station and fix it on the given point on the ground. Then we put the total station on the top of the stand and then we make the level of the total station with the help of the screws given on the bottom side of the total station. We can check the bubble given on the total station, for making the level of total station, when bubble is in the centre we will tight the screws for fixing the total station. Then start the total station, we will see the different menu on the main screen of the total station, press the menu and enter to the Data collection.Then you have to check your station coordinate.

Then do the job name and user name.Then include E, Z, N to know your station and you have to include the height of the total station after that press enter.Then choose (Fs) if the coordinate not known choose ANGLE.Press GoThen start shooting in point that you put it.Then transit the information in flash then put it in computer and then open it with the AutoCAD.

Procedure Readings of plotting layout of lawnPTIDEast NorthHeightCodeInfo1-8100030.39792.9011-0.200447.25943.9077-0.209554.155327.013-0.22036-2.775925.8309-0.23537-4.20625.6896-0.23098-14.075324.3563-0.20599-10.75271.4414-0.315810-0.81622.6826-0.17571114.56041.70010.0416129.714630.55770.023813-23.105925.67170.062114-19.3954-3.15720.0028AutoCAD work

Experiment 3Area of ClassroomAim: To know the parameters of Classroom.

Calculation of Classroom area Area of classroom = L * WL = 11.3 mW = 7.46 m= 11.3 * 7346= 84.298 M2P = 11.3 + 11.3 + 7.4 + 7.4P of classroom: 37.5 m

Calculation of Classroom area

CONCLUSION

Total station makes the measurements more accurate.

Total station records the data on its inbuilt data recorder and generates maps within a fraction of time.

Hence time consuming will be less and Total station made survey work easy.

Hence TOTAL STATION IS A TOTAL SOLUTION FOR SURVEY WORK.

ENDTHANK YOU