TOTAL AND URBAN POPULATION BY REGION, 1950 - … Khartoum SINGAPORE SYDNEY Atlanta BARCELONA HOUSTON BOSTON WASHINGTON, DC Hanoi Bandung ... Pusan Brasilia Johannesburg Salvador Algiers

0 billion

1 billion

2 billion

3 billion

4 billion

5 billion

6 billion

7 billion

8 billion

9 billion

10 billion

1950 1965 1980 1995 2010 2025 2040 2055 2070 2085 2100

TOTAL AND URBAN POPULATION BY REGION, 1950 - 2100

AFR Urban EAP Urban ECA Urban LCR Urban MENA Urban

OECD Urban SAR Urban WORLD Urban WORLD

Cities are adding two million residents each week

Shenzen 30 years ago Shenzen today

Cities are drivers of economic growth

WDR2009

550 ppmby 2050

450 ppmby 2050

TOKYO

MEXICO CITY

Mumbai

NEW YORK

SAO PAULODELHI

CALCUTTA

Jakarta

BUENOS AIRES

SHANGHAILOS ANGELES

KarachiLagos

RIO DE JANEIRO

Osaka

Cairo

BEIJINGMoscow

Istanbul

PARIS

SEOUL

TIANJINCHICAGO

Lima

Bogota

LONDON

Tehran

Hong Kong

Chennai

Bangalore

BANGKOK

Lahore

Hydearabad

Kinshasa

Riyadh

Santiago

MIAMI

B.Horizonte

PHILADELPHIA

St. Petersburg

AHMADABAD

MADRID

TORONTO

Ho Chi Minh

CHONGQING

Shenyang

DALLAS

Pune

Khartoum

SINGAPORE

AtlantaSYDNEY

BARCELONA

HOUSTON

BOSTON

WASHINGTON, DC

Hanoi

Bandung

Detroit

Jeddah

Milan

Guadalajara

Guangzhou

P.Alegre

Alexandria

13.7

Melbourne

Ankara

Recife

Monterrey

Montreal

Chengdu

Phoenix

Pusan

Brasilia

Johannesburg

Salvador

AlgiersSAN FRANCISCO

Fortaleza

Medellin

Berlin

CaracasXian

ATHENS

CAPE TOWN

1

2

4

8

16

1500 3000 6000 12000 24000 48000

GHG

em

issio

ns p

er c

apita

(tC

O2e

/yr)

GDP per capita ($)

$12,

275

High

Inco

me

Waste Generation (now & 2025)

Urban form and density significantly impact energy consumption.

Source: Adopted from Kick the Habit: A UN Guide to Climate Neutrality

Spatial & Urban Form Determine Cities’ Energy Efficiency

Urban design will impact the low-carbon futures of sustainable cities

Environmental Policies Matter

Tracking CO2 emissions over the past forty years, the graph below depicts how some countries have moved in the context of urbanization

Urban form, income, consumption and lifestyle patterns all have an effect on CO2 emission levels.

Germany, Sweden & S. Africa outperform other countries in the model

China

Brazil

Germany

India

Japan

United States

Sweden

Korea, Rep. South Africa

0

5

10

15

20

25

15 35 55 75Urban population (% of total)

Source: World Development IndicatorsBubble size corresponds to total carbon dioxide emissions (kilotons)

Carbon dioxide emissions per capita, 1967-2005 (metric tons per person)

10

New Urban Metrics and Tools

• Infrastructure Sustainability Rating Tool • Gross metropolitan product (NCA)• Urban GHG emissions inventory• Material flows (metabolism of cities)• Urban Risk Assessment• Eco2 Cities• Global City Indicator Facility

Infrastructure Sustainability Rating Tool

THE WORLD BANK

Eco2 Cities: Ecological Cities as Economic Cities

www.worldbank.org/eco2

Eco2 Integrated Approach

13

Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy:

Green BuildingsDistrict Heating/Cooling

Smart GridSolar, Geo, Wind, Hydro

TransportationGreen Transport ModeClean Energy Efficient

Vehicle/Fuel

Optimal Urban Form

Land Management Transport Planning

Regulation, Incentives, AwarenessTechnology and Investments

Waste MgtWater Mgt

Risk Resiliency Finance

Viability

Social Equity

Governance and Leadership

• Solid Waste Reduction– Implementation of 3R (Reduce,

Reuse, Recycle) with citizen's collaboration

– Achieved 38.7% reduction in six years (2001-2007) and US$1.1Billion Savings.

Source: City of Yokohama

Eco2 Cities – Concerted Efforts of All the StakeholdersIn Reducing Waste, Yokohama, Japan

Waste Reduction in Yokohama

Sankey Diagram to Analyze Flows

Eco2 Four Tools

Design Charrette to Forecast & Plan

GIS to Analyze Form

Life -Time Cost Benefit Analysis for Financing Decision.

The New Urban Agenda - Summary

Build ‘Sustainable Cities’ – Emergence of CitiesMore attention on Urban Form (and Management) Better City metrics Address backlog of basic services Smarter Financing Pick low-hanging fruits first, e.g. efficiency in buildings New financing tools Clear messaging through finance, e.g. tolls, tipping fees Green Bonds

New Partnerships New and improved Civil Engineering

www.worldbank.org/urbanTHE WORLD BANK

Thank You