toria della lingua inglese From: Cotton MS Julius E VII - British Library Strong verbs: i-mutation 25/03/2021
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toria della lingua inglese
From
: Cot
ton
MS
Jul
ius
E V
II - B
ritis
h Li
brar
y
Strong verbs: i-mutation
25/03/2021
Strong verbs: i-mutation
2
Old English Modern German
1st SG ic bere ich gebe2nd SG þu birst du gibst3rd SG he/heo/hit birþ er gibt1st PL we beraþ wir geben2nd PL ge beraþ ihr gebt3rd PL hie beraþ sie geben
LATIN legere1st SG leg-o2nd SG leg-is3rd SG leg-it
PL leg-unt
Strong verbs: i-mutation
3
From: Alan Cruttenden (revised by), Gimson's Pronunciation of English.
London, New York, Sydney, Auckland: Edward Arnold
Strong verbs: i-mutation
4
Strong verbs: i-mutation
5
High
Mid
Low
/ i / / u /
/ e / / o /
/ a /
From: Alan Cruttenden (revised by), Gimson's Pronunciation of English.
London, New York, Sydney, Auckland: Edward Arnold
Strong verbs: i-mutation
6
High
Mid
Low
/ i / / u /
/ e / / o /
/ a // æ /
/ y /
Old English vowels
Strong verbs: i-mutation
7
High
Mid
Low
/ i /
/ e /
Old English vowels
Strong verbs: i-mutation
8
• e > i
• beran ‘bear’ ic bere he birþ • brecan ‘break’ ic brece he bricþ • etan ‘eat’ ic ete he itt / iteð • tredan ‘tread’ ic trede he tritt • cweþan ‘say’ ic cweþe he cwiþþ • sprecan ‘speak’ ic sprece he spricþ
Strong verbs: i-mutation
9
High
Mid
Low/ a // æ /
Old English vowels
Strong verbs: i-mutation
10
• a > æ (before n, m a > e)
• scacan ‘shake’ ic scace he scæcþ • faran ‘go’ ic fare he færþ • blawan ‘blow’ ic blawe he blæwþ
BUT
• standan ‘stand’ ic stande he stent • bannan ‘summon’ ic banne he benþ
Strong verbs: i-mutation
11
High
Mid
Low
/ e / / o /
Old English vowels
Strong verbs: i-mutation
12
• o > e
• flowan ‘flow’ ic flowe he flewþ • growan ‘grow’ ic growe he grewþ • rowan ‘row’ ic rowe he rewþ
Strong verbs: i-mutation
13
High
Mid
Low
/ u // y /
Old English vowels
Strong verbs: i-mutation
14
• u > y
• dufan ‘dive’ ic dufe he dyfþ • brucan ‘enjoy’ ic bruce he brycþ • murnan ‘mourn’ ic murne he myrnþ • cuman ‘come’ ic cume he cymþ
Strong verbs: i-mutation
15
High
Mid
Low
/ i /
/ e /
/ a /
Old English vowels
Strong verbs: i-mutation
16
• ea > ie
• healdan ‘hold’ ic healde he hielt • weaxan ‘grow’ ic weaxe he wiext • hleapan ‘leap’ ic hleape he hliepþ
Strong verbs: i-mutation
17
High
Mid
Low
/ i /
/ e / / o /
Old English vowels
Strong verbs: i-mutation
18
• eo > ie
• ceorfan ‘cut’ ic ceorfe he cierfþ • feohtan ‘fight’ ic feohte he fiehþ • weorpan ‘throw’ ic weorpe he wierpþ • creopan ‘creep’ ic creope he criepþ
Strong verbs: i-mutation
19
• Front vowels > raised • e > i ic bere he birþ
• Back vowels > fronted • a > æ ic fare he færþ • o > e ic flowe he flewþ • u > y ic cume he cymþ
• Diphthongs > raised and fronted • ea > ie ic hleape he hliepþ • eo > ie ic weorpe he wierpþ
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