TOPS 2003 TOPS 2003 Remote Obs 1 Remote Obs 1 Karen Meech Karen Meech Institute for Institute for Astronomy Astronomy TOPS 2003 TOPS 2003 age copyright, R. Wainscoat, IfA age copyright, R. Wainscoat, IfA Image courtesy K. Meech Image courtesy K. Meech
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TOPS 2003 Remote Obs 1 Karen Meech Institute for Astronomy TOPS 2003 Image copyright, R. Wainscoat, IfA Image courtesy K. Meech.
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TOPS 2003 TOPS 2003 Remote Obs 1Remote Obs 1
Karen Meech Karen Meech Institute for AstronomyInstitute for Astronomy
TOPS 2003TOPS 2003
Image copyright, R. Wainscoat, IfAImage copyright, R. Wainscoat, IfA Image courtesy K. MeechImage courtesy K. Meech
How to Observe?How to Observe?
The TOPS modelThe TOPS model Amateur “fun”Amateur “fun”
TOPS 2002TOPS 2002
How to ObserveHow to Observe
Professional Professional ObservingObserving Request Telescope Request Telescope
timetime Request MoneyRequest Money Ultra-preparedUltra-prepared Each nano-sec is Each nano-sec is
preciousprecious
Images, Courtesy K. MeechImages, Courtesy K. Meech
Queue SchedulingQueue Scheduling
Section of TargetsSection of Targets Time critical?Time critical? Plan exposure times, Plan exposure times,
filtersfilters Auto-schedulerAuto-scheduler
Optimizes observingOptimizes observing Flexible for conditionsFlexible for conditions No interactivityNo interactivity Many chances for dataMany chances for data
Notification of data Notification of data receiptreceipt
Image, Courtesy K. MeechImage, Courtesy K. Meech
STScISTScI
Types of Types of ObservationsObservations
BrightnessBrightness Hipparcos Hipparcos magnitudes magnitudes m = -2.5 log (B) + cm = -2.5 log (B) + c
Brightness vs TimeBrightness vs Time Intrinsic variabilityIntrinsic variability Other changesOther changes
Wavelength InformationWavelength Information PositionPosition MorphologyMorphology
SizeSize StructureStructure
PhotometryPhotometry Measure of accumulated Measure of accumulated
light arriving at detectorlight arriving at detector
AstrometryAstrometry Precise measurement of Precise measurement of
positionposition Transformation of 3-D sky Transformation of 3-D sky
onto a 2-D surfaceonto a 2-D surface
Surface brightnessSurface brightness Brightness per unit areaBrightness per unit area
Images, Courtesy K. MeechImages, Courtesy K. Meech
PhotometryPhotometry
Counting up how Counting up how much light falls on the much light falls on the detector from stardetector from star
ApertureAperture How big to use?How big to use?
Sky BackgroundSky Background Where to measure?Where to measure? How?How? Background objectsBackground objects
Images, Courtesy J. BauerImages, Courtesy J. Bauer
Surface Surface BrightnessesBrightnesses
Measure of Measure of brightness per unit brightness per unit areaarea
Point sourcesPoint sources Brightness does not Brightness does not
depend on aperture depend on aperture sizesize
Brightness profilesBrightness profiles Dust activityDust activity Measure of amount of Measure of amount of
materialmaterial Falloff Falloff gravity field gravity field Missing massMissing mass