Topic: Early Rome The Great Imitation…
Mar 26, 2015
Topic: Early Rome The Great Imitation…
Compare The EtruscansTo the Roman Republic• Etruscans Rome
• S
• P
• R
• I
• T
• E
Etruscans
• The Etruscans took over the Latin's in 800 B.C. Not to be confused with Latin America. To be called Later Latins by the Europeans– A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled
over the Latins
Italian Peninsula Powers
Very Early Similarities to Future Rome
• The Etruscans took over the Latin's in 800 B.C. Rome is still 300 years away!!!– A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled
over the Latin's– The king kept a Latin advisory council
called the Senate
Etruscans Politics
– A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over the Latin's
– The king kept a Latin advisory council called the Senate
• The Senate was made up of land owners or Patricians.
• The common people were known as Plebeians.
Etruscans
• The Etruscans Created the Senate • The Senate was made up of land
owners or Patricians.
Etruscan Treasures see similarities to Rome?
Eventually…
The Tarquin (Etruscan Family) Dynasty was overthrown.
Rome forms its own government.
But first….
Roman Beginnings…
“Rome” started with the
Latin Tribe on the Italian Peninsula
in the Tiber River Valley around 2000 B.C.E.
Rome’s Creation Legend
What does a creation myth or legend reveal about the values of its citizens?
The Creation Legend
• Romulus and Remus were twin brothers. They were abandoned by their parents as babies and put into a basket that was then placed into the River Tiber. The basket ran aground and the twins were discovered by a female wolf. The wolf nursed the babies before they were found by a shepherd. The shepherd then brought up the twins.
• When the twins became adults, they decided to found a city where the wolf had found them. The brothers quarreled over where the site should be and Remus was killed by his brother. This left Romulus the sole founder of the new city and he gave his name to it – Rome. The date given for the founding of Rome is 753 BC.
The Roman Republic: 509 BCE
Republic: Citizens elect representatives to run the
government.
The Republic
• Established in 509 B.C.
• Gives each “tribe” of Rome representation in the government.
The Republic
• Uses two different branches to run the government
The Roman Republic
Senate
The Roman Republic
Senate Consuls
The Roman Republic
Senate Law Makers
Consuls
The Roman Republic
Senate Law Makers
300 Members
Consuls
The Roman Republic
Senate Law Makers
300 Members
-Proposed Laws
Consuls
The Roman Republic
Senate Law Makers
300 Members
-Proposed Laws
-Lifetime Terms
Consuls
The Roman Republic
Senate Law Makers
300 Members
-Proposed Laws
-Lifetime Terms
-Nominated Consuls
Consuls
The Roman Republic
Senate Law Makers
300 Members
-Proposed Laws
-Lifetime Terms
-Nominated Consuls
-Consuls appoint vacancies
Consuls
The Roman Republic
Senate Law Makers
300 Members
-Proposed Laws
-Lifetime Terms
-Nominated Consuls
-Consuls appoint vacancies
ConsulsChief Executive
The Roman Republic
Senate Law Makers
300 Members
-Proposed Laws
-Lifetime Terms
-Nominated Consuls
-Consuls appoint vacancies
ConsulsChief Executive
Two Positions
The Roman Republic
Senate Law Makers
300 Members
-Proposed Laws
-Lifetime Terms
-Nominated Consuls
-Consuls appoint vacancies
ConsulsChief Executive
Two Positions
-One year terms (to limit their power)
The Roman Republic
Senate Law Makers
300 Members
-Proposed Laws
-Lifetime Terms
-Nominated Consuls
-Consuls appoint vacancies
ConsulsChief Executive
Two Positions
-One year terms (to limit their power)
-During war time one is chosen to act as dictator
But…
But…
Only Patricians could be part of the government.
Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights
Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights
• 509B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office
Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights
• 509B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office
• 494B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and Tribunes
Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights
• 509B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office
• 494B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and Tribunes
• 451B.C. - Twelve Tables created: Ensuring the right to protection of the law for all Roman citizens
Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights
• 509B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office
• 494B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and Tribunes
• 451B.C. - Twelve Tables created: Ensuring the right to protection of the law for all Roman citizens
• 287B.C. - Plebeian Assembly evolves into the Popular Assembly with near equal status to the Senate (think of house of Lords and CommonsSenate House of Representatives.
Rome Expands…
Rome Expands…
• North - Took over the Etruscans. They were Taught, mentored, loved and influenced more so than anyone… But they overthrew the Etruscans!!!!
Rome Expands…
• North - Took over the Etruscans
• South - Took over the Greeks
Rome Expands…
By 270B.C.E Rome ruled all of central and southern Italy
Punic Wars
• Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome
Punic Wars
• Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome
• First War: 241B.C. - Sicily
Punic Wars
• Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome
• First War: 241B.C. - Sicily– Carthage controlled part
of Sicily, Rome wanted it as a buffer
Punic Wars
• Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome
• First War: 241B.C. - Sicily– Carthage controlled part
of Sicily, Rome wanted it as a buffer
– Fought by ships
Punic Wars
• Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome
• First War: 241B.C. - Sicily– Carthage controlled part
of Sicily, Rome wanted it as a buffer
– Fought by ships – Rome won!
Hannibal
Hannibal
• 219B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome
Hannibal
• 219B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome – Through Iberian Peninsula,
through Gaul and over the Alps
Hannibal
• 219B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome – Through Iberian Peninsula,
through Gaul and over the Alps
– Losing half of his men
Hannibal
• 219B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome – Through Iberian Peninsula,
through Gaul and over the Alps
– Losing half of his men
• Rome attacks North Africa
Hannibal
• 219B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome – Through Iberian Peninsula,
through Gaul and over the Alps
– Losing half of his men
• Rome attacks North Africa– Hannibal returns to Africa
to defend Carthage
Hannibal
• 219B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome – Through Iberian Peninsula,
through Gaul and over the Alps
– Losing half of his men
• Rome attacks North Africa– Hannibal returns to Africa
to defend Carthage– He is defeated at Zama (50
miles from Carthage) in 202B.C.
Third Punic War
• 199B.C. Carthage attacked a Roman ally
• Rome gets annoyed with Carthage and they destroy the city of Carthage
• Therefore Rome controls all Carthaginian land
North Africa = Roman Province
Rome before the wars…
Rome after the Punic Wars…
Roman Map
Roman Empire
Roman Empire
Expanding across the Mediterranean brought many
changes to Rome…
Expansion under the Republic
Expansion under the Republic
• Rome expanded to…– 146 B.C. Macedonia
and Greece
Expansion under the Republic
• Rome expanded to…– 146 B.C. Macedonia
and Greece– 133 B.C. Asia Minor
Expansion under the Republic
• Rome expanded to…– 146 B.C. Macedonia
and Greece– 133 B.C. Asia Minor– 100 B.C. Middle East
and Egypt
Expansion under the Republic
• Rome expanded to…– 146 B.C. Macedonia
and Greece– 133 B.C. Asia Minor– 100 B.C. Middle East
and Egypt
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
Expansion under the Republic
• Rome expanded to…– 146 B.C. Macedonia
and Greece– 133 B.C. Asia Minor– 100 B.C. Middle East
and Egypt
MEDITERRANEAN SEA = MARE NOSTRUM
Expansion under the Republic
• Rome expanded to…– 146 B.C. Macedonia
and Greece– 133 B.C. Asia Minor– 100 B.C. Middle East
and Egypt
MEDITERRANEAN SEA = MARE NOSTRUM
“OUR SEA”
End of the Republic
End of the Republic
Senate became too powerful and the army was doing all the
work…
Enter: Julius Caesar
Enter: Julius Caesar
• Popular General
Enter: Julius Caesar
• Popular General– Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome
took over Gaul
Enter: Julius Caesar
• Popular General– Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome
took over Gaul
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate
Enter: Julius Caesar
• Popular General– Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome
took over Gaul
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy)
Enter: Julius Caesar
• Popular General– Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome
took over Gaul
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) – Overthrew the Senate
Enter: Julius Caesar
• Popular General– Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome
took over Gaul
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) – Overthrew the Senate (weakened it)
Enter: Julius Caesar
• Popular General– Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome
took over Gaul
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) – Overthrew the Senate (weakened it)– Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans
Enter: Julius Caesar
• Popular General– Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome
took over Gaul
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) – Overthrew the Senate (weakened it)– Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans– Adjusted taxes
Enter: Julius Caesar
• Popular General– Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome
took over Gaul
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) – Overthrew the Senate (weakened it)– Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans– Adjusted taxes (taxed rich more than the
poor)
Julius Caesar
• Became a dictator
Julius Caesar
• Became a dictator
• All powerful
Julius Caesar
• Became a dictator
• All powerful
• According to the Senate…
Julius Caesar
• Became a dictator
• All powerful
• According to the Senate…– He was too powerful!
Julius Caesar
• Became a dictator
• All powerful
• According to the Senate…– He was too powerful!
Senate assassinates/murders
Julius Caesar
Octavian & Mark Antony
Octavian & Mark Antony
• Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators
Octavian & Mark Antony
• Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators
• Decide to split the empire and rule over two different sections - East and West
Octavian & Mark Antony
• Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators
• Decide to split the empire and rule over two different sections - East and West
• Octavian = Western Empire and Rome
Octavian & Mark Antony
• Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators
• Decide to split the empire and rule over two different sections - East and West
• Octavian = Western Empire and Rome
• Mark Antony = Eastern Empire and Egypt
Mark Antony & Cleopatra
Mark Antony & Cleopatra
• Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne
Mark Antony & Cleopatra
• Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne
• She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian
Mark Antony & Cleopatra
• Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne
• She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian
• Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian Peninsula)
Mark Antony & Cleopatra
• Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne
• She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian
• Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian Peninsula)
• Octavian wins
Mark Antony & Cleopatra
• Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne
• She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian
• Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian Peninsula)
• Octavian wins• Cleopatra and Mark Antony commit
suicide
Augustus Caesar
• Octavian is named emperor by the Senate
Augustus Caesar
• Octavian is named emperor by the Senate– Augustus “the majestic”
Augustus Caesar
• Octavian is named emperor by the Senate– Augustus “the majestic”
The Roman Empire is born!
Pax Romana (Roman Peace)
Augustus
• Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)
• 200 years of peace
Augustus
• Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)
• Concentrated on building the empire from within…
Augustus
• Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)
• Concentrated on building the empire from within…– Adjusted taxes
Augustus
• Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)
• Concentrated on building the empire from within…– Adjusted taxes– Public works
Augustus
• Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)
• Concentrated on building the empire from within…– Adjusted taxes– Public works
• Lack of corruption
Augustus
• Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)
• Concentrated on building the empire from within…– Adjusted taxes– Public works
• Lack of corruption• Encouraged large
Roman families
Roman Trade
Decline of the Roman Empire
180A.D.
End of Marcus Aurelius’ reign
A series of leader came after - did not lead well, were brutal
Hostile tribes outside of Rome begin to threaten trade routes
Raising of taxes
Inflation from overproduction of less valued coinage
Decreasing Population -harvests declined (less fertile land) -slave labor = no new technology -disease and starvation
Barbarians invading
Rome hire mercenaries to fight = lack of loyalty
Political office no longer an honor = costs to lead
Causes of the Decline of Rome
• Rome’s economy declines.
Causes of the Decline of Rome
• Rome’s economy declines.
• Rome faces military upheaval.
Causes of the Decline of Rome
• Rome’s economy declines.
• Rome faces military upheaval.
• Roman politics decay.
Causes of the Decline of Rome
• Rome’s economy declines.
• Rome faces military upheaval.
• Roman politics decay.
• Bigger gap between the rich and poor.
Causes of the Decline of Rome
• Rome’s economy declines.
• Rome faces military upheaval.
• Roman politics decay.
• Bigger gap between the rich and poor.
Rome splits into East and West
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
• Military
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes– Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes– Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers– Low funds for defense
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes– Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers– Low funds for defense
• Political
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes– Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers– Low funds for defense
• Political– Division of the empire
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes– Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers– Low funds for defense
• Political– Division of the empire– Political office seen as a burden, not an honor
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes– Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers– Low funds for defense
• Political– Division of the empire– Political office seen as a burden, not an honor
• Social
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes– Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers– Low funds for defense
• Political– Division of the empire– Political office seen as a burden, not an honor
• Social– Lack of confidence in the empire
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…
• Economic– Inflation– Disruption of Trade
• Military– Threats from Northern European tribes– Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers– Low funds for defense
• Political– Division of the empire– Political office seen as a burden, not an honor
• Social– Lack of confidence in the empire– Decline in interest of political affairs