Top Banner
Dietary Supplements: Enough Already! Rhonda M. CooperDeHoff, Pharm D, MS, FACC, FAHA University of Florida Associate Professor of Pharmacy and Medicine Top Ten Things to Know
73

Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Nov 09, 2021

Download

Documents

dariahiddleston
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Dietary Supplements: Enough Already!

Rhonda M. Cooper‐DeHoff, Pharm D, MS, FACC, FAHAUniversity of Florida

Associate Professor of Pharmacy and Medicine

Top Ten Things to Know

Page 2: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Presenter Disclosure Statement

No conflicts or commercial relationships to disclose

Page 3: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

After this lecture you will be able to:Understand current usage and expenditure patterns for dietary supplements

Recall US regulations surrounding dietary supplements

Recognize how dietary supplements may affect efficacy of and interact with prescription drugs

Promote patient safety by counseling patients on issues pertaining to dietary supplement use

Learning Objectives

Page 4: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

I take (have taken) herbal / dietary supplements

Audience Response

Page 5: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

I recommend (have recommended) herbal/ dietary supplements to my patients

Audience Response

Page 6: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Definition and Cost of Complimentary and Alternative Medicine 

(CAM)

#1

Page 7: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Categories of CAM (NIH)

Biologically Based

Vitamins & 

Minerals

Natural Products•Plants  (gingko)

Diets

Manipulative and Body‐Based 

Approaches

Massage therapy

Chiropractmedicine

Mind‐body Techniques

Spiritual

Meditative

Relaxation 

Energy Medicine

Biofield

Magnetic field

Reiki

Alternative Medical Systems

Acupunct.

Chinese Medicine

Ayurveda

• Group of diverse medical and healthcare systems, practices and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicine.

Definition

1998

Page 8: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Expenditure on CAM 

Biologically Based

Manipulative and Body‐Based Approaches

Mind‐body Techniques Energy Medicine Alternative 

Medical Systems

$34 Billion OOP

1.5% of total HCE but 11% of 

OOP

NCAM 2007 survey, published in 2009

Page 9: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Expenditure on CAM 

Biologically Based

Vitamins & Minerals

Natural Products

•Plants  (gingko)

Manipulative and Body‐Based Approaches

Mind‐body Techniques Energy Medicine Alternative 

Medical Systems

$32 Billion OOP

($10 B Herbals)

> 33% of total OOP Rx Expense

NCAM has awarded more than $250 Million over the last decade 

NCAM 2007 survey, published in 2009

Page 10: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Who is taking Dietary Supplements and 

Why

#2

Page 11: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

(38%) used a DS in last 2 years4 in 10 US adults

Female, Richer, more educatedAmerican Indian / CaucasianAges 18‐70

Users tend to be 

take both Rx and dietary supplements 

1 in 3 US Adults (72 M)

Who’s Taking Supplements?

Page 12: Top Ten to Know - acc.org
Page 13: Top Ten to Know - acc.org
Page 14: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

41%To feel better

41%To 

improve overall energy levels

36%To boost immune system

28%To reduce risk of heart disease

Why People Take Dietary Supplements

2011 Harvard School of Public Health Survey

Page 15: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Telling their Health Care Provider

CAM – Complimentary and Alternative Medicines

2006 AARP Survey

35% in 2011 Harvard Survey

Page 16: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

What are they taking and why do we care?

#3

Page 17: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

The 20 Top‐Selling Herbal Supplements in the US for 2012 (Food, Drug, Mass Market Channel)

St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum)

Page 18: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Interactions

PharmacodynamicAugments or antagonizes the activity 

of the drug

Herb‐Drug Interactions

PharmacokineticAbsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, or Elimination

Time

Con

cent

ratio

nInduction of metabolismInhibition of metabolism

Gardiner P, Am Fam Physician. 2008 Jan 1;77(1):73-8

Warfarin + Ginkgo Bleeding

Page 19: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

St. John’s Wort‐CYP3A4 and P‐gp

CV DRUGSDrug Effect Pathway

Cyclosporin A 46% ↓ AUC CYP3A, P‐gpDigoxin 25% ↓ AUC P‐gpSimvastatin 48% ↓ AUC CYP3ATacrolimus 35% ↓ AUC CYP3AWarfarin 28% ↓ AUC CYP2C9Verapamil 78%↓ AUC CYP3A

(Hyperforin) (Hypericin)

Drug Effect Pathway

Irinotecan 24% ↓ ACU CYP3A

Indinavir 57% ↓ AUC CYP3A

Amitriptyline 22% ↓ AUC CYP3A

Midazolam 20% ↓ AUC CYP3A

Fexofendadine 10% ↓ AUC P‐gp

Alprazolam 53% ↓ AUC CYP3A

Norethindrone 14% ↑oral CL CYP3A

Page 20: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

70 yo african american man seen on house call by NP and consultant pharmacist

PMH: hypertension, CHF, osteoarthritis hip, neuropathy, depression, anxiety, BPH, gastritis

CC: light headedness and worsening hip pain, feeling depressed

Exam: orthostatic hypotension, elevated pulseMeds: EC ASA, methadone, enalapril, furosemide, pantoprazole, doxazosin, travoprost eye drops, sertraline

Poly Herbs 

Page 21: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Prevention MagazineHerbal Medications can help conditions, improve overall QOLSt John Wart, Bilberry, Zing (gingko biloba, ginseng etc), Hawthorne extract, CoQ10, Cata‐clear (bilberry, vitamins), Colon‐Helper (aloe, gentian, goldenseal, etc), Valerian, Saw Palmetto

Cappuzzo K. Consultant Pharmacist 2006;11:911-915

Page 22: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Which of the following are potential drug‐herb interactions in this patient?A) St John Wart – Methadone (decreased activity)B) St John Wart – SSRI (serotonin syndrome)C) Ginkgo Biloba – ASA (platelet inhibition)D) All of the above

Audience Response

Page 23: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

At end of visit patient asked about whether he could take Viagra to reduce stress on his heart……..

He had heard about it on the news………

Page 24: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Herb Containing StimulantsINGREDIENT USE Adverse CV EffectBitter Orange Weight Loss, Nasal Cong. Hypertension

Cola Nut (1-3.5% caff) Mental or physical fatigue Arrhythmia, ↑ HR, palpit.

Country Mallow (0.8-1.2% ephedrine)

Weight loss, ↑ energy, impotence, asthma

Arrhythmia, ↑ BP, tachy

Ephedra Appetite sup ↑ HR, ↑BPGreen Tea (2-4% caff) Cognition, diuretic,

cholesterolArrhythmia, ↑ HR, palpit.

Guarana (2.5% caff) Weight loss, athletic perf, fatigue

↑ HR, CNS stimulant

Khat (bath salts) Depression, fatigue, obesity SOB, circ stimulant

Yerba mate (0.2-2% caff) Appetite sup, mental stim. Arrhythmia, ↑ HR, palpit.

Ann Pharmacotherapy 2004;38:812-6

Page 25: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

61 yo man w/ hx of hypercholesterolemia x 11 yrs, tx with multiple different statins  (all at 10mg dose) which was unsuccessful due to muscle intolerance (w/in 1 week). Normal CK, moderate LFT bumps. Patient drank 3 cups of green tea everyday “to reinforce his health”.

Statins

Page 26: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Prodrug Active Metabolite

Werba et al. Annals of Int Med 2008;149:286-288

Page 27: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

The likely underlying mechanism for the green tea – simvastatin interaction isA) CYP3A4 inductionB) CYP3A4 inhibitionC) Unknown mechanism

Audience Response

Page 28: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

We need to know more about DS!

#4

Page 29: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

DSB is a 42 yo police officer. He weighs 260 lbs, BP 143/92, TC 200, LDL 130mg/dl, glucose 105 mg/dl 

He takes a weight loss supplement (imported from Brazil) and loses 10 lbs

Label: vitamin E, centella, senna, cascara, other “natural ingredients”

He undergoes routine, random drug screenHe loses his job

Case Presentation

NEJM 2009;361:1523-1525

“Natural Ingredient”: AMPHETAMINE

Page 30: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

How comfortable do you feel with your knowledge of CAM?A) Very comfortableB) Somewhat comfortableC) Not at all comfortable

Audience Response

Page 31: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

How much do we know?#

of su

bjec

ts

Suchard JR et. al., Eur J Emerg Med. 2004 Aug;11(4):193-7.

Self-assessed knowledge of herbal toxicities and herb–drug interactions among physicians• 16 question MC quiz regarding toxic effects and drug interactions of herbals• Mean score was only slightly higher than would have occurred from random guessing

Pharmacists scored < 50% in a yes or no quiz on herbal medicines

Chang et. al. Ann Pharmacother. 2000 Jun;34(6):710-5

Page 32: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Red Yeast Rice ‐ Content

Becker D J et al. Ann Intern Med 2009;150:830-839 Halbert SC et al. Am J Cardiol 2010;105:198-204

Citrinin (byproduct of fermenting process) is a mycotoxin (nephrotoxic)

Page 33: Top Ten to Know - acc.org
Page 34: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

DS Regulation / Oversight

#5

Page 35: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

• DS are regulated on the food side of FDA (not drug side)• Serving Size, not Dose• Supplement vs Food

FDA

• Nongovernmental, NFP organization • USP sets standards for Rx and OTC drugs (required)• 2001 USP launched verification program for DS (voluntary)

USP (United States Pharmacopeia)

Dietary Supplement Oversight

• Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act• Statute of US federal legislation (Orin Hatch R‐Utah April 1993)

• Went through senate and house in less than a year and signed by Clinton in Oct 1994

DSHEA

Page 36: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Companies Participating in the USP Programs

Verifies what’s on the label is in the bottle

No harmful contaminants DS will break down and

release ingredients in the body

DS has been made under GMP

Products

Page 37: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Where does the FDA fit in?

#6

Page 38: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

What is the FDA Doing?

Page 39: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Reumofan Plus & WOW

August 2012Pulled due to discovery of dexamethasone, diclofenac and methocarbamol

Page 40: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Black AntViaXtreme

Sexual Enhancement ProductsFDA puts out warnings on many products – all contain Sildenafil                           

Page 41: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Weight Loss Industry Expenditure 

Page 42: Top Ten to Know - acc.org
Page 43: Top Ten to Know - acc.org
Page 44: Top Ten to Know - acc.org
Page 45: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

HCA – What is that??

Page 46: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Advanced Slim 5

FDA puts out warnings on many products – all contain Sibutramine (withdrawn from market in 2010)                        

6.6 mg Lorcaserin (Belviq) (10mg in standard tablet)

Page 47: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Jimpness Beauty Fat Loss Capsule

Page 48: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

MAXILOSS

Page 49: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

FDA Recalled Supplements

Page 50: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

FDA Allowed Claims

“Healthful diets with adequate folate may reduce a woman’s risk of having a child with a brain or spinal cord birth defect”

Health

“fortified, high, rich in, excellent source of, good source of, and high potency”Nutrient

“calcium builds strong bones”Structure Function

DISCLAIMER"This statement has not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease." 

Page 51: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Men’s Health Magazine (March 2012)

Page 52: Top Ten to Know - acc.org
Page 53: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Medical Literature

#7

Page 54: Top Ten to Know - acc.org
Page 55: Top Ten to Know - acc.org
Page 56: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

• 75% said “minimally influenced by government statements contradicting efficacy claims of DS manufacturers”

• 25% said “would cease use of a DS if public health authorities stated it was ineffective”

Impact of government‐sponsored studies on efficacy of 

DS:

Impact of Study Results

Page 57: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

The widespread, indiscriminate use of dietary supplements presents substantial risks to public health and pharmacists have an opportunity and a professional responsibility to reduce those risks

State of complementary and alternative medicine in CV, lung and blood research fosters and encourages collaboration among scientists

Professional Societies

Page 58: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Integrating complementary medicine into CV medicine – puts emerging area of CAM into focus and enables physicians to provide better patient care

Page 59: Top Ten to Know - acc.org
Page 60: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Energy Drinks – Cause for Concern?!

#8

Page 61: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Energy DrinksJAMA Dec 19, 2012

Page 62: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

JAMA Energy Drink Patient Page

Starbucks Drip (Pikes Place): Grande (16oz) 330mg, Tall (12oz) 260mg

Page 63: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

US consumption: 2.3B drinks in 2005, 6B drinks in 2010, 31% of young teens, 51% of 18‐24yo, 45% of US troops$10B spent on energy drinks in 2012

Increasing use in elderly → medica on interac ons

Most energy drinks do not list correct caffeine content or other herbs 

Caffeine poisoning on the rise

Energy Drinks

Page 64: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Alcohol can prolong the 5 hr half‐life of caffeine and contribute to it’s toxic effects

AMED: alcohol mixed with energy drinks  (cocktails at bars: red bull + vodka)

Energy Drinks and Alcohol

offsets the sedating effects of alcohol

reduces the sensation of intoxication

induces more alcohol consumption

Page 65: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Energy Drinks and Alcohol

Survey of ~6000 Dutch University Students

Page 66: Top Ten to Know - acc.org
Page 67: Top Ten to Know - acc.org
Page 68: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Take Home Messages

#9

Page 69: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

•Add dietary supplements to intake formTalk to your patients about what they are 

taking

•Avoid products that do not specify the exact amount of extract per serving

Content – DS may contain more than what is listed, 

“USP verified” provides some reassurance

Take Home Messages

Page 70: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

•High potential for important drug‐drug‐herb‐herb interactions 

Polypharmacy Meets 

Polyherbacy

• THINNER, MORE ENERGETIC, MORE SEXUAL, MORE………

•Without the work of dieting, exercise, sleeping…..• These products will continue to be available

As long as people want 

to be

Take Home Messages

Page 71: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

Resources

#10

Page 72: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/herb_All.html

Page 73: Top Ten to Know - acc.org

ACC.12 Hyatt McCormick Place, Chicago 

Always Beware!

Valerian Extract SE: HA, excitability, uneasiness, sluggishness