Top Poznan01

15 February - 15 April, 2013Issue No.01

Poznan

ul. Półwiejska 32, 61-888 Poznaństarybrowar5050.com

facebook.com/starybrowar5050

Where Life Meets Art

The winnerof the “7 new

wondersof Poland”

contest 2012

ul. Półwiejska 32, 61-888 Poznaństarybrowar5050.com

facebook.com/starybrowar5050

Where Life Meets Art

The winnerof the “7 new

wondersof Poland”

contest 2012

Welcome to TOP POZNAN About TOP• Poland’s leading lifestyle resource;• Defined by our selections of the best services and products. Our effort is to show case - service providers and business partner selected through the prisms of outstanding quality and --reputation.

TOP’s Mission• To offer exposure to the best the city offers;• To create a unique interface between the social aspects of life with employee enrich ment;• To showcase our Service Partners;• To create a TOP Community where our members, users, and service partners, all - mcome together to make life richer and better: may it be dining, cafes, shopping, various activities, mand services ranging from finance, to medical needs.

TOP Magazines – TOP Warsaw, TOP Krakow, TOP Wroclaw• A visually stunning, descriptive presentation format publication printed now in four major cities, - - Warsaw, Krakow, Wroclaw, and Poznan;• Distributed free of charge at multiple distribution points such as at leading hotels, com panies, - - --business organizations, diplomatic offices, embassies, important cultural festivals, and at other --well-matched venues.

Our Corporate PartnershipsTOP reaches thousands of corporate employees; primarily due to our exclusive partnerships with business organizations such as:• American Chamber of Commerce in Poland (www.amcham.pl);• French-Polish Chamber of Commerce (www.ccifp.pl);• Scandinavian-Polish Chamber of Commerce (www.spcc.pl).

PUBLISHERPublisher: MediaPolska Sp. z o. o. Dominika PendereckaPushkar Butani

Editor: Pushkar [email protected]

Publishing Coordinator: Kinga Molczyk [email protected]: +48 798 826 618

Sales: Pola Smorawińska - Wielgosz [email protected]: +48 512 304 504

Accounting: Anna [email protected] phone: +48 12 431 0401

Website developer: Paweł Wójcik

Layout & Typesetting: Kinga Molczyk

Editors: Długa 19/10, Kraków 31-147Phone: +48 12 431 0301 Fax: +48 12 631 0401 [email protected]

All texts are original and created by TOP. Copyright protected.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted or used in any form by any means – graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or information storage and retrieval systems or otherwise – without the prior permission of the publishers.© MediaPolska

www.top-poland.pl

05 Top Spots

06 ClaeFootwear

07 Hugo RestaurantFine International Dining

08 ScarpabellaExclusive Footwear

09 Kyokai Sushi BarFine Japanese

10 Warung Bali RestaurantIndonesian

12 Sheraton: Fusion RestaurantInternational

13 Sheraton: SomePlace ElseCasual Dining

14 TriwaWatches, Shades

15 Cuba Libre Latian Dance Club Latin inspired bar & restaurant

16 Pat & RubBody Care, Cosmetics

17 L’occitaneBody Care, Cosmetics, Perfumes

18 RozbitekCultural Institute

19 Olandia Resort

20 AutodirectOnline Car Purchasing

22 SixtCar Rentals

23 Blow Up HallHotel & Restaurant

24 Transatlantyk Film & Music Festival

25 Anna Maria JopekSinger Concert

27 Cultural Interest Malta, Ostrów Tumski, Poznan Palm Housew

28 Bonerowski in KrakowKrakow Hotel

29 Enter Music FestivalMusic Events

TOP SPOTS

Cuba Libre Latin Dance ClubWrocławska 21, Poznańphone : 618552344www.cuba-libre.pl

9TOP Poznan 9

HUGO RESTAURANT

TOP Poznan

Hugo Restaurant Wojskowa 4, Poznan

phone: +48 61 861 82 18www.hugorestaurant.pl

Restaurant Hugo, located in Poznan’s swanky City Park, is perhaps becoming the standard bearer of what culinary levels need to aspire to, a place where an International menu with creative cooking technology such as sous-vide has stirred the interest of many. According to owner Agnieszka Tylenda, the reason why she created Hugo in the first place was her culinary passion and idea to create a venue dedicated completely to celebrate flavors which fresh and top quality ingredients impart, and where one can appreciate every aspect of partaking of such culinary efforts. “Respect for food” is the mantra here; respect for every ingredient which goes into each course, respect for regional products through an active co-operation with organizations such as Slow Food, and respect for what’s simply the best in each season. A class act through and through!

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LUXURY SHOES & ACCESSORIES

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11

KYOKAI SUSHI BAR

TOP Poznan

Kyokai Sushi BarWojskowa 4, Poznań

[email protected]

phone : 519 376 182

11TOP Poznan

Kyokai Sushi BarWojskowa 4, Poznań

[email protected]

phone : 519 376 182

11TOP Poznan

Kyokai Sushi BarWojskowa 4, Poznań

[email protected]

phone : 519 376 182

11TOP Poznan

Kyokai Sushi BarWojskowa 4, Poznań

phone : +48 519 376 182www.kyokai.pl

[email protected]

11TOP Poznan 11

The word “Kyokai” in Japanese means “society”, and it is no wonder that Japanese restaurant Kyokai, true to its name, has in its short history created a large society of followers, those who claim that this place defines what Japanese cuisine ought to be. Located in Poznan’s Stare Koszary complex, Kyokai has very much single handedly defined for this city the idea of good sushi. The restaurant itself has been born out of the owner’s passion for Japanese tradition and culture which celebrates family life, especially around the table. Kyokai has a rolling-bar format, which equates in a broad sense to a large common table with the commitment of the sushi-masters at its center binding the attention of all. Here Chef combines traditions of this great eastern culture with contemporary trends, making even the simplest creations, an absolute culinary treat!

TOP Wroclaw 11TOP Poznan

WARUNG BALI RESTAURANT

Warung Bali is a doorway from Poznan’s center to exotic Bali! The only Indonesian restaurant in the city, the fragrance of incense and the wafting aroma are an immediate invitation to be absorbed by the menu. The Indonesian kitchen staff ensures authenticity; quite literally each dish is a bouquet of flavors. Here coconut, turmeric, cardamom, cloves, sugar and spice all come together, harmonized perfectly in dishes such as the pork in coconut; the duck in chilly paste; grilled tiger shrimps; and the soto betawi - a coconut soup which delights immeasurably. The original interiors are adorned with wayang kulit dolls used in the famous Indonesian shadow theaters, garudas, ritual masks, and much more. This is indeed a special place, a restaurant which provides an escape from the everyday humdrum into another way of life, packed with the scents and flavors of distant Indonesia.

13TOP Wroclaw

Mosaiq RestaurantWroclaw, Świętego Mikołaja 12

phone: +48 71 798 3511www.mosaiq.pl

Warung Bali RestaurantŻydowska 1, Poznan

phone: +48 61 853 23 11www.warungbali.pl

TOP Poznan

FUSION RESTAURANT - SHERATON POZNAN HOTEL

Fusion, a fine dining restaurant located at the Poznan Sheraton, as its name suggests combines and encompasses European flavors, recipes, and culinary themes with those of the Orient. This open-kitchen restaurant captivates with its action, and stimulates all of the senses. The menu here emanates a certain uniqueness and creativity, which appeals to those who understand its culinary merits. Quite simply put, many of the dishes are a feast for both the palate and the eyes, creating a dining experience that remains with one long after the evening is over and all the friends have left. The Sunday Brunch served between 1 pm to 5pm offers a wide selection, largely Mediterranean as well as Polish. The wine list features some of the best vintages from all over the world making Fusion an ideal place indeed to meet with friends or to entertain business associates.

Fusion Restaurant in Sheraton Poznan Hotel Bukowska 3/9, Poznan phone: +48 61 655 2000www.fusion-poznan.pl

1414 TOP Poznan

25%

SOMEPLACE ELSE PUB IN SHERATON POZNAN HOTEL

Every once in a while, one has a carving to just let loose in an ultra casual setting, and perhaps a sports bar comes to mind; SomePlace-Else is just that place! The executive chef has focused on an outstanding tex-mex menu—a wide selection of mouth-watering burgers and fine cuts of beef served with various condiments, including the Big T-bone steak served with garlic and herb butter are all enjoyable! Along with delicious drinks and cocktails this has become the ultimate place to relax with family, friends, and colleagues, and sports fans have 6 LCD screens to enjoy exciting events. A wonderfully large summer garden for when the weather gets warmer, and a professional , friendly staff make the fun at this stylish and spacious pub all the more cherry!

SomePlace Else in Sheraton Poznan Hotel

Bukowska 3/9, Poznan phone: +48 61 655 2000

www.poznan.someplace-else.pl

15TOP Poznan

25%

A Q U A | L O M I N W W W . T R I W A . C O M

Cuba Libre, or “Free Cuba”, is the Latin corner in Poznan where one is freed from one’s own inhibitions to be immersed in a unique, fun-filled atmosphere. This is indeed a fine definition of what a Latin-inspired club should be, where all seven days of the week one can gyrate to the rhythms of salsa, merengue, bachata, samba, and more. The club hidden in a backyard overwhelms with its extraordinary expansive interiors where guests can comfortably set themselves on leather couches, enveloped in intimate lighting, and order from a large selection of wines. Cuba Libre is indeed a place where everyone, regardless of age, background or musical preferences simply has a splendid time and an unforgettable experience, helped by DJs, dance instructors, and its rather special, exotic cocktails. This then is the Latin Fiesta that Poznan had been waiting for, and is now finally here!

Cuba Libre Latin Dance ClubWrocławska 21, Poznanphone: +48 618552344

www.cuba-libre.pl

17TOP Poznan

CUBA LIBRE LATIN DANCE CLUB

L’OCCITANE EN PROVENCE

Olivier Baussan, the founder of L’Occitane, has to say this about his company and the land of its inspiration, giving us an insight into why this is quickly becoming a leading brand name in the world of personal care—“The sun smiles on Provence. Its warmth makes the soil generous and the people openhearted. Its brightness is reflected in the crafts, customs and traditions that have been handed down from generation to generation. The sun, the products of the soil and a love of nature are the essence of my Provence. It is this essence I want to share with the world. It is what inspired me to create L’Occitane.” This amazing philosophy is the reason that the shelves at L’Occitane are lined with inspirational products for both women and men—fragrances, products for bath and body, skin care, and even for a great smelling home!

Stary BrowarPółwiejska 42, Poznan

phone: +48 698 129 [email protected]

Poznan PlazaDrużbickiego 2, Poznanphone: +48 698 130 151

[email protected]

TOP Poznan 19

20

ROZBITEK & OLANDIA

TOP Poznan

Pałac Rozbitek 64-420 Kwilcz phone: +48 668 092 654 www.rozbitek.org

OLANDIA & ROZBITEK

Located 70 km from Poznań in charming Prusim is Olandia, a country manor which celebrates settlers from Holland who came to this region between the 18th and 19th centuries. This Manor provides numerous natural attractions and several rooms spread over various buildings on the property--the Granary, Stonehouse, the Barn –are all decorated to recall the Dutch craftsmanship of a former era. Olandia’s excellent restaurant offers gastronomic delights as well as smoked meats and fish from the smokehouse, perhaps accompanied with stellar wine from Olandia’s Wine Cellar. The Spa offers an array of massage therapies and sauna making this is a perfect venue for big company events and weddings. The renowned music composer, Oscar winner Jan AP Kaczmarek owns this property and has made it an integral part of his Rozbitek Institute.

21TOP Poznan

Olandia Prusim 5, 64-420 Kwilczphone: +48 668 590 411

www.olandia.pl

AUTODIRECT CAR PURCHASE

Autosalon24.pl offers tremendous advantages over conventional ways of buying cars, which include:

• Significantly better price with dealerships competing to provide the highest discount in order to make the sale;

• Clean, transparent, and secure business practices—cars are provided by official authorized car dealerships only with bank payments made directly to the dealer’s bank account;

• The widest possible choice between virtually all brands of cars and motorbikes; • One stop shopping for financing, (credit, leasing) and insurance, and professional advice by autosalon24.pl consultants in identifying what’s most suitable; • Customized requirements delivered to the doorstep such as winter tires, baby seats, individual leather interior, and auto spa treatments such as scratch-proofing; • And finally lots of time saved which is perhaps the most important factor today.

On occasion an identified vehicle with the best deal may in fact be available at a dealership in a distant town. In these cases autosalon24.pl would be delighted in making travel arrangements to get one there to take delivery of one’s new car, always a thrilling experience made better perhaps with a sightseeing holiday in a different city! With almost every car and model, along with a good choice of motorbikes autosalon24.pl is indeed the place to purchase a new or pre-owned vehicle. The best possible price and service is indeed just a few computer clicks with no running around and wasting time. Thank you autosalon24.pl!

Buy Cars The New, Efficient Way Finally, the cutting edge way to purchase cars, both brand new and pre-owned, has finally arrived in Poland with the recent launch of Autodirect’s new web portal, www.autosalon24.pl. Prospective car buyers in the country now virtually have the best of the entire Polish car market on their desktop. Says CEO, Mr. Grzegorz Kwiatkowski “This business model has been successfully implemented in Western Europe. In countries such as Spain or France almost 15% of cars are purchased in this way.”

Buy Cars The New, Efficient Way Finally, the cutting edge way to purchase cars, both brand new and pre-owned, has finally arrived in Poland with the recent launch of Autodirect’s new web portal, www.autosalon24.pl. Prospective car buyers in the country now virtually have the best of the entire Polish car market on their desktop. Says CEO, Mr. Łukasz Gębski “This business model has been successfully implemented in Western Europe. In countries such as Spain or France almost 15% of cars are purchased in this way.”

Autodirect SAAl. Jerozolimskie 133, 16th floor Warsaw 02-304www.autosalon24.pl

TOP Poznan22

Art is a pleasure Pleasure is an art

Hotel BarRestaurant

Stary Browar 50 50, Kościuszki 42 St., Poznań, www.blowuphall5050.com +48 61 657 99 80 phone [email protected] email

26

TRANSATLANTYK

Academy Award winner, composer Jan Kaczmarek is the Founder and Director of the TRANSATLANTYK INTERNATIONAL FILM AND MUSIC FESTIVAL held each year in Poznan. This annual event is centered on the idea that outstanding movies and music from all parts of the globe bring the world together. The term “glocal” conveys its bold scope implying local in action and identity, yet global in its context of actions and its consequence. The festival this year, as before, will showcase the legendary as well as the upcoming artists of the film and music professions, hundreds of screenings and numerous concerts. This is in a way a summer celebration, the 2013 festival is between August 2 to August 9of 2011. This is indeed a new, artistic platform which aims to build, through music and movies, stronger relationships between society, art, and the environment.

August 2 - 9, 2013

TOP Poznan

ANNA MARIA JOPEK

After several years legendary Anna Maria Jopek will be performing in Poznan on February 17 at the Earth Hall. This is planned as a special Valentine’s Day concert, largely based on the songs from her album Polanna. Anna Maria Jopek is coming from a string of recent successes; she has recently performed at the legendary Hollywood Bowl, sung a duet with Bobby McFerrin; and accepted an invitation to perform with Chris Botti, besides many other performances at stellar venues around the globe, Raised in a family of musicians with roots in traditional Polish folk music, educated in piano at the Academy of Music in Warsaw, and trained at the Manhattan School of Music in jazz, she emphasizes that her way in the music divides into many paths. “I hope that my song genres intersect, complement, that maybe one day my music will f ind its own language, beyond all boundaries.” February 17, 2013

27TOP Poznan

RESTAURANTS BARS HEALTH GALLERIES BEAUTy FASHION

SHOPPING SPA CULTURELOOK FOR US IN WARSAW’S TOP HOTELS

GALLERIES BEAUTy FASHIONSHOPPING SPA CULTURE

29

CULTURAL INTEREST

MaltaMalta

The area around Lake Malta, due to a very favorable, picturesque location, has been very well developed with an infrastructure which makes it the ideal place to spend leisure time in and host a variety of events. The spectrum of activities here range from picnics, social events, to all manners of recreation and sports. Varied cultural events are organized in this remarkable setting throughout the year as well, significantly enriching the cultural fabric of Poznan.

MaltaWiankowa 3, Poznan

Ostrów Tumski Island

Ostrów Tumski is the place where Poland’s history began; here time passes at its own unhurried pace. This cathedral island is one of Poznan’s most charming corners: the cathedral towering over its surroundings, the small and graceful Church of Our Lady in Summo, cobbled streets following medieval embankments, and the historic cathedral set amid beautiful gardens. For over a thousand years, events here have indeed been written down in the annals of Polish history.

Ostrów Tumski, Poznan

Poznańska Palmiarnia

The Poznan Palm House is one of the oldest gardens of its type in Europe and offers an unforgettable journey through distant continents, amongst the rich flora of various climatic zones. The impressions are enriched with the sound of birds, the rush of water, the aquaria full of exotic fish, and a unique collection which includes 17,000 plants derived from 1100 species. The Palm House is closed On Mondays and opens every day from Tuesday to Sunday.

Palmiarnia PoznańskaMatejki 18, Poznan

Ostrów Tumski

Poznanska Palmiarnia

TOP Poznan

30

THE BONEROWSKI PALACE - KRAKOW

s

The Bonerowski Palace is seated in the heart of Krakow in a solicitously restored and richly equipped UNESCO edifice of the Middle Ages. The elegant interior of the Pal-ace contains both unique polychromes and beams, gothic column, antique stone safe, as well as modern forms and technologies, serving to the safety of the guests. The Pal-ace also prides itself on the Europe longest, 22-meter long chandelier.

The Bonerowski Palace puts at guests` disposal 8 elegant Deluxe rooms and 7 luxury apartments. With the breath taking view at the Old Market Square with St. Mary Ba-silica, DrapersHall (Sukiennice), St. Wojciech’s Church and the statue of Adam Mickiewicz, each room has beau-tiful stylish wooden furniture and the spacious marble bathrooms.

The Bonerowski Palace*****Rynek Główny 42 /ul. Św. Jana 1, 31-013 KrakówReception: + 48 12/ 374 13 00, [email protected]

reklama top warsaw.indd 1 2013-02-14 12:18:27TOP Poznan

ENTER MUSIC FESTIVAL

The third edition of Enter Music Festival will be held here over two days, May 28 and 29, celebrating jazz and all of the attitudes that go with this vast music genre. The festival director is a name that needs no introduction, pianist Leszek Mozdzer. ENTER means action, change, a step forward, progress, and this precisely is the nature of this music festival held annually against the background of Lake Strzeszyńskie presenting the top jazz musicians of today to meet on one stage. The festival presents a panorama of music energy that oscillates stylistically around jazz, perfectly suited for a less formal, open-air ambience with all of the artists sharing their most creative endeavors. Enter Music Festival reinforces the message that jazz offers freshness and dynamism, a music space which calls for continuous action and a constant discovery of new paths.

June 5-6, 2013

31TOP Poznan

RESTAURANTS BARS HEALTH GALLERIES BEAUTy FASHION

SHOPPING SPA CULTURELOOK FOR US IN KRAKOW

RESTAURANTS BARS HEALTH GALLERIES BEAUTy FASHIONSHOPPING SPA CULTURE

LOOK FOR US IN TOP WROCLAW HOTELS

RESTAURANTS BARS HEALTH GALLERIES BEAUTy FASHIONSHOPPING SPA CULTURE

37

PAPà GIUSEPPE TRATTORIA

Trattoria Papà Giuseppe has a name which describes itself quite effectively indeed! This is excellent Italian fare in a family style setting, reminiscent of eateries that have come to define hearty meals with a hearty time. This trattoria imparts a Mediterranean atmosphere as well, making it evident that its scope is not just pizza and pasta but a wider offering that even includes menu selections outside the definition or purview of traditional Italian or even broader Mediterranean cuisine. Papà Giuseppe is in fact an ideal equation for a “comfort” place where the purpose is culinary satisfaction for different taste preferences that typically exist amongst a group of friends or family; in cosmopolitan Wroclaw this happens nearly all of the time. Great conversations over a great meal happen here, so Papà wants you to come and have a good time!

Trattoria Papà GiuseppeWroclaw, Włodkowica 27

phone: +47 71 341 4166www.papagiuseppe.pl

TOP Wroclaw

Oral piercing - local and general complication

Gruzic J, iniversity of Zagerb

Head: Prof. D. Bozic

Summary

Introduction: Body piercing in many civilizationshas been well known since the antiquity. Oral piercing may be performed on the tongue, the lip, the cheek, the frenulum and the uvula.Aim of the study: To describe possible local and systemic complications following piercing of the mouth on the basis of available literature.Local complications include: Gingival recession of lower incisors, dental trauma, hypersensi-tivity, pulpitis, and tongue, lymph nodes and salivary glands infections. Systemic complica-tions include: endocarditis, hepatitis B, C, HIV, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, as well as tetanus, syphilis or tuberculosis.Conclusion: There is a need for increased awareness among dental practitioners of any signs of possible complications following oral piercing. Persons with jewellery in the oral cavity should visit their dentists regularly to detect possible complications in time.

KEYWORDS:oral piercing, local complications, systemic complications

Introduction

Body piercing has been well known in many civiliza-tions since the antiquity. It had religious, cultural and sexual significance indicating tribal idententity.1 One of the oldest examples of piercing is an Egyptian figure of a dog dating back to 1500 BC – a symbol of royal power. For the ancient Mayans, body piercing repre-sented many symbols; tongue piercing had religious significance and a pierced body indicated virility and courage. Pharaohs of Egypt, however, had their navels pierced. Eskimos inserted a “labret” into the lower lip as a rite of passage symbol in boys and a symbol of purity in girls. The piercing of lips, cheek or tongue was also a traditional practice in Hindu, Chinese and American Indian cultures.2In developed countries, body piercing became fashion-able with the punk movement and was a part “body art”.1 First, body and ear piercing gained popularity; with the increase of social tolerance, the practice extended to ornaments in the mouth, especially the tongue. Cur-rently, the main reason for body piercing is aesthetic considerations, gaining enthusiasts among both ado-lescents and adults.The aim of the studyThe aim of the study was to describe possible local and systemic complications secondary to oral piercing.

Local complications

The oral cavity is a complex environment colonized by numerous strains of bacteria. The micro-organisms most commonly found on the oral mucosa are anaerobic streptococci (such as Viridans, Gemella and lactobacilli), anaerobic streptococci and anaerobic Gram- positive bacilli, such as Actinomyces.3In the oral cavity, piercing can be performed on the tongue, the lip, the cheek, the lingual frenulum, the uvula. Tissue around the lower incisors is the most exposed to trauma possibly leading to gingival recession.1,4 Due to its very good vascularity and function, the tongue is particularly vulnerable to complications, which are potentially life-threatening. Early complications oc-curring within the first 24 hours postoperatively are pain, swelling, bleeding and local infection.5,6 Barbell shanks that are too short may lead to localized tissue overgrowth.6,7 In contrast, an excessively long shank (long-stem barbell) may damage the tissue leading to a local inflammatory reaction and initiating accumula-tion of calculus. It is believed that oral piercing has also been implicated in the formation of hypertrophic keloid tissue. Such tissue proliferation does not require surgical intervention, and resolves after removal of the jewellery.8 Less common symptoms include for instance: salivary flow through the hole in the lip, redness around the piercing site. These complications tend to disappear with time.9 Cases of sialorrhea have also been reported due to the contact with jewellery in oral cavity.10,11

Oral piercing - local and general complication

Gruzic J, iniversity of Zagerb

Head: Prof. D. Bozic

Summary

Introduction: Body piercing in many civilizationshas been well known since the antiquity. Oral piercing may be performed on the tongue, the lip, the cheek, the frenulum and the uvula.Aim of the study: To describe possible local and systemic complications following piercing of the mouth on the basis of available literature.Local complications include: Gingival recession of lower incisors, dental trauma, hypersensi-tivity, pulpitis, and tongue, lymph nodes and salivary glands infections. Systemic complica-tions include: endocarditis, hepatitis B, C, HIV, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, as well as tetanus, syphilis or tuberculosis.Conclusion: There is a need for increased awareness among dental practitioners of any signs of possible complications following oral piercing. Persons with jewellery in the oral cavity should visit their dentists regularly to detect possible complications in time.

KEYWORDS:oral piercing, local complications, systemic complications

Introduction

Body piercing has been well known in many civiliza-tions since the antiquity. It had religious, cultural and sexual significance indicating tribal idententity.1 One of the oldest examples of piercing is an Egyptian figure of a dog dating back to 1500 BC – a symbol of royal power. For the ancient Mayans, body piercing repre-sented many symbols; tongue piercing had religious significance and a pierced body indicated virility and courage. Pharaohs of Egypt, however, had their navels pierced. Eskimos inserted a “labret” into the lower lip as a rite of passage symbol in boys and a symbol of purity in girls. The piercing of lips, cheek or tongue was also a traditional practice in Hindu, Chinese and American Indian cultures.2In developed countries, body piercing became fashion-able with the punk movement and was a part “body art”.1 First, body and ear piercing gained popularity; with the increase of social tolerance, the practice extended to ornaments in the mouth, especially the tongue. Cur-rently, the main reason for body piercing is aesthetic considerations, gaining enthusiasts among both ado-lescents and adults.The aim of the studyThe aim of the study was to describe possible local and systemic complications secondary to oral piercing.

Local complications

The oral cavity is a complex environment colonized by numerous strains of bacteria. The micro-organisms most commonly found on the oral mucosa are anaerobic streptococci (such as Viridans, Gemella and lactobacilli), anaerobic streptococci and anaerobic Gram- positive bacilli, such as Actinomyces.3In the oral cavity, piercing can be performed on the tongue, the lip, the cheek, the lingual frenulum, the uvula. Tissue around the lower incisors is the most exposed to trauma possibly leading to gingival recession.1,4 Due to its very good vascularity and function, the tongue is particularly vulnerable to complications, which are potentially life-threatening. Early complications oc-curring within the first 24 hours postoperatively are pain, swelling, bleeding and local infection.5,6 Barbell shanks that are too short may lead to localized tissue overgrowth.6,7 In contrast, an excessively long shank (long-stem barbell) may damage the tissue leading to a local inflammatory reaction and initiating accumula-tion of calculus. It is believed that oral piercing has also been implicated in the formation of hypertrophic keloid tissue. Such tissue proliferation does not require surgical intervention, and resolves after removal of the jewellery.8 Less common symptoms include for instance: salivary flow through the hole in the lip, redness around the piercing site. These complications tend to disappear with time.9 Cases of sialorrhea have also been reported due to the contact with jewellery in oral cavity.10,11

Another complication may be contact dermatitis as an allergic reaction to metal: nickel, chromium or nickel-cobalt alloy.1,10Oral piercing also causes damage to the dentition. Tongue piercing may result in tooth wear (abrasion).3 There have been cases of parafunctional habits re-lated to “playing around” with jewellery inserts in the oral cavity resulting in enamel damage such as cracks and chipped fragments, hypersensitivity and even pul-pitis.2,5,10 Such damage occurs during speaking and masticating.1,3,12 Patients withlarge fillings in posterior teeth are also at risk

of fractured restorations.10 These injuries can be avoided by using non-metallic ends of the barbell: rub-ber or acrylic.The complication that is most often reported by many authors is gingival recession, which is associated with lip jewellery like stud and labret. It often occurs in the region of lower central incisors labially and lingual-ly.1,7,13

Campbell et al.13 noticed that gingival recessionusually manifests itself after 2 years of wear. Accord-ing to authors, more gingival recession is observed in persons with oral piercing than without, especially when a labret is inserted affecting mostly lower incisors whose gingival sulcus is deepened.1,11,14 There are also cases of tooth luxation due to a significant loss of epithelial attachment.15Following the procedure, the resultant wound may succumb to local bacterial infection.3 The authors report documented cases of glossitis, glossal abscess, submandibular lymphadenitis, submandibular sialadenitis.3,16,17 Other complications reported in literature include paresthesia and granulomas.9,18,19In addition to bleeding, painful ulceration is a frequent complication of oral piercing in approximately 9% of cases. The onset appears after 6-8 hours after the procedure. It may last for several weeks leading to granulomatous inflammations around the foreign body interfering with chewing and swallowing.1According to Escudero-Castaño et al.,1when hygiene is poor food debris accumulates around the ornaments creating environment favouring plaque formation and then calculus deposits. The accumula-tion of dental calculus at pierced sites in tongue increases the likelihood of plaque deposition around lower incisors contributing to gingivitis, erythema and oedema.5,10,11 Continuous movement of the object can lead to overgrowth of tissue around the pierced site and the formation of hyperplastic sparring.20 Additionally, continuous contact of the ornament with oral mucosa can lead to alterations to the lingual papillae.10 Oral piercing can also lead to many other lesions such as: mucoceles, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia or mucous retention cysts.

With the passage of time, a posttraumatic fibroma may emerge on the tongue-piercing inteface.1,10There are reports indicating that constant trauma from the jewellery inserted in the tongue may produce localized horizontal bone loss and mandibular bone de-hiscence due to constant contact of jewellery with tis-sues.5,11,21 Other authors suggest that contact between metal jewellery and amalgam fillings may cause galvanic currents producing pulp hypersensitivity.1,22

General complications

Although oral piercing seems to be simple procedure, there are many reports in literature of cases of complica-tions affecting patient’s general health. Tongue piercing carries a significant risk of infections with Staphylococcus aureus, A group Streptococcus, Pseudomonas aerugi-nosa, Erysipelas and β-haemolytic Streptococcus, Viridans streptococci group, Peptostreptococcus micros, a non-israelii species of Actinomyces, Eikenella corro-dens, Lactobacillus species, Neisseria mucosa, Hae-mophilus aphrophilus.1,3 In extreme cases endocarditis may develop.2,5,10,21,22 There are also reported cases of septic shock, which can be life-threatening.5,10,11The tongue is especially prone to post procedural complications that can be life- threatening.1,3,18 Im-mediately after the procedure breathing problems can occur because of tongue swelling.23 After a fewweeks, difficulties associated with dysphonia, dysphagia and even breathing problems leading to asphyxia may emerge.1,18 Other authors note incorrect pronunciation of certain sounds “s”, “sh”, “th”, “ph”, “t” or “v” when the tongue is pierced.5,11,21 A further complication aris-ing from the incorrect insertion of the ornament is a situation when it is swallowed or aspirated.1,11,18 A particular problem is prolonged bleeding or hemorrhage from damaged blood vessels. A case of hypotensive shock due to tongue piercing surgery was reported.24

Another threat may be cross-infection during the surgery. Open wound after tongue piercing is a gateway for invasion of bacteria especially dangerous for immunocompromised patients.25 For that reason, all the elements must be sterilized to reduce the probability of transmission of hepatitis B, C, HIV, Herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, Candida albicans, tetanus, syphilis or tuberculosis.1,3,18Moreover, according to Léo-François et al.,18 patients burdened with diseases such as rheumatic heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, mitral valve prolapse associated with murmur and mitral calcification and prosthetic valve endocarditis have increased risk of complications after oral piercing.

Cases concerning infective endocarditis after tongue piercing have also been reported. According to HY Yu et al.,3 the initial onset of symptoms was different and varied from 4 hours to 3 years, and the average time for onset of endocarditis was 6 weeks. In each case, oral piercing was performed by individuals with no medical background.3,22,25Other complications in the head and neck region de-scribed in literature after oral piercing include cerebral brain abscesses, cerebellar abscess, Ludwig angina and cephalic tetanus.5,10,26,27,28Stanko et al.29 described a case of a 26-year- old man who had worn a tongue stud for 5 years. He was diag-nosed with squamous cell carcinoma in the vicinity of the tongue. Unfortunately, he died 18 months after the first symptoms occurred, despite concomitant chemoradio-therapy.29

Discussion

According to Soileau,30 the most common oral sites for piercing are the lips – 38% and the tongue – 8%. Less fre-quently, the cheek, the uvula and the lingual frenulum. In studies by Mayers et al.,31 10% of 500 students admitted to have worn jewellery in the tongue. About12.5% of people with oral piercings report lip injury, and 7.8% in the tongue. And Campbell et al.13 suggest that about 20% of gingival lesions are caused by jewellery in the tongue. Epidemiological studies on the practice of oral piercing are not carried out. However, German data suggest about 33.7% (of 273 patients), American data about 10.4% ( of 454 patients).31,32For the oral cavity, several types of jewellery are preferred: they are always smooth on the mucosal side, mostly ball-ended. The tongue is usually pierced in the midline, the lower lip laterally or in the midline, the upper lip laterally. It is recommended that the embedded jewellery should not be removed until healing is achieved. However, after this period, the object should be removed for cleaning pur-poses so that it is not covered with calculus – the fact that patients either do not know, or are not informed about.18The piercing procedure is usually performed without anesthesia by individuals without proper medical back-ground, who know little about anatomy, possible compli-cations, the need for examination of the patient to assesstheir general health status, paying particular attention to heart diseases, coagulation disorders and possible postoperative complications. The increase in pop-ularity of the procedure has also meant increased number of complications. Individuals performing piercing procedures as well as their clients should be aware of possible complications.1

Conclusion

The advantage of piercing is conspicuous appearance. Disadvantages include a possibility of numer-ous complications, some of which can be even life-threatening. In many countries, oral and body piercing (body art) is performed in tattoo studios and beauty salons by non- medical staff. Individu-als performing such procedures should be trained in sterilization standards and undergo the same forms of control as medical staff does.There is a need to educate dental practitioners on side effects of oral piercing. Patient with such orna-ments should visit their dentists regularly to detect early symptoms of complications.

References

1. Escudero-Castaño N, Perea-García MA, Campo-Trapero J, Cano-Sánchez A, Bascones-Martínez A: Oral and Perioral Piercing Complications. Open Dent J 2008;2: 133-136.2. Brennan M, O’Connell B, O’Sullivan M: Multiple dental fractures following ton- gue barbell placement: a case report. Dent Trau-matol 2006; 22: 41-43.3. HY Yu C, Minnema BJ, Gold WL: Bacterial infections complicat-ing tongue piercing. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2010; 21: 70-74.4. Chambrone L, Chambrone LA: Gingival Recessions Caused by Lip Piercing: Case Report. J Can Dent Assoc 2003; 69: 505-508.5. Peticolas T, Tilliss TS, Cross-Poline GN: Oraland perioral piercing: a unique form of self--expression. J Contemp Dental Pract 2000; 1:30-46.6. Stead LR, Williams JV, Williams AC, Robinson CM: An investi-gation into the practice of ton- gue piercing in the South West of England. Br Dent J 2006; 200: 103-107.7. De Moor RJ, De Witte AM, Delme KI, De Bruyne MA, Hom-mez GM, Goyvaerts D.: Dental and oral complications of lip and ton- gue piercings. Br Dent J 2005; 199: 506-509.8. Neiburger E: A large hypertrophic-keloid le- sion associated with tongue piercing: case re- port. Gen Dent 2006; 54: 46-47.9. Venta I, Lakoma A, Haahtela S, Peltola J, Ylipaavalniemi P, Turtola L: Oralpiercings among first-year university students. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005; 99: 546-549.10. Barbería Leache E, García Naranjo AM, González Couso R, Gutiérrez González D: Are the oral piercing important in the clinic? Dental Pract 2006; 1: 45-59.11. Levin L, Zadik Y, Becker T: Oral and dental complications of intra-oral piercing. Dent Traumatol 2005; 21: 341-343.12. Brennan M, O’Connell B, O’Sullivan M: Multiple dental fractures following ton- gue barbell placement: a case report. Dent Traumatol 2006; 22: 41-43.13. Campbell A, Moore A, Williams E, Stephens J, Tatakis DN: Tongue pierc-ing: impact of time and barbell stem length on lingual gingival recession and tooth chipping. J Periodontol2002; 73: 289-297.14. Leichter JW, Monteith BD: Prevalence and risk of traumatic gingival recession following elective lip piercing. Dent Traumatol 2006;22: 7-13.15. Brooks JK, Hooper KA, Reynolds MA: Formation of mucogingival defects associa- ted with intraoral and perioral piercing: case reports. J Am Dent Assoc 2003; 134: 837--843.16. Keogh IJ, O’Leary G: Serious complication of tongue piercing. J Laryn-gol Otol 2001;115: 233-234.17. Folz BJ, Lippert BM, Kuelkens C, Werner JA: Jewelry-induced diseases of the head and neck. Ann Plast Surg 2002; 49: 264-271.

tions Secondary to Tongue and Lip Piercings. JCDA 2007, 73:327-331.

Cases concerning infective endocarditis after tongue piercing have also been reported. According to HY Yu et al.,3 the initial onset of symptoms was different and varied from 4 hours to 3 years, and the average time for onset of endocarditis was 6 weeks. In each case, oral piercing was performed by individuals with no medical background.3,22,25Other complications in the head and neck region de-scribed in literature after oral piercing include cerebral brain abscesses, cerebellar abscess, Ludwig angina and cephalic tetanus.5,10,26,27,28Stanko et al.29 described a case of a 26-year- old man who had worn a tongue stud for 5 years. He was diag-nosed with squamous cell carcinoma in the vicinity of the tongue. Unfortunately, he died 18 months after the first symptoms occurred, despite concomitant chemoradio-therapy.29

Discussion

According to Soileau,30 the most common oral sites for piercing are the lips – 38% and the tongue – 8%. Less fre-quently, the cheek, the uvula and the lingual frenulum. In studies by Mayers et al.,31 10% of 500 students admitted to have worn jewellery in the tongue. About12.5% of people with oral piercings report lip injury, and 7.8% in the tongue. And Campbell et al.13 suggest that about 20% of gingival lesions are caused by jewellery in the tongue. Epidemiological studies on the practice of oral piercing are not carried out. However, German data suggest about 33.7% (of 273 patients), American data about 10.4% ( of 454 patients).31,32For the oral cavity, several types of jewellery are preferred: they are always smooth on the mucosal side, mostly ball-ended. The tongue is usually pierced in the midline, the lower lip laterally or in the midline, the upper lip laterally. It is recommended that the embedded jewellery should not be removed until healing is achieved. However, after this period, the object should be removed for cleaning pur-poses so that it is not covered with calculus – the fact that patients either do not know, or are not informed about.18The piercing procedure is usually performed without anesthesia by individuals without proper medical back-ground, who know little about anatomy, possible compli-cations, the need for examination of the patient to assesstheir general health status, paying particular attention to heart diseases, coagulation disorders and possible postoperative complications. The increase in pop-ularity of the procedure has also meant increased number of complications. Individuals performing piercing procedures as well as their clients should be aware of possible complications.1

Conclusion

The advantage of piercing is conspicuous appearance. Disadvantages include a possibility of numer-ous complications, some of which can be even life-threatening. In many countries, oral and body piercing (body art) is performed in tattoo studios and beauty salons by non- medical staff. Individu-als performing such procedures should be trained in sterilization standards and undergo the same forms of control as medical staff does.There is a need to educate dental practitioners on side effects of oral piercing. Patient with such orna-ments should visit their dentists regularly to detect early symptoms of complications.

References

1. Escudero-Castaño N, Perea-García MA, Campo-Trapero J, Cano-Sánchez A, Bascones-Martínez A: Oral and Perioral Piercing Complications. Open Dent J 2008;2: 133-136.2. Brennan M, O’Connell B, O’Sullivan M: Multiple dental fractures following ton- gue barbell placement: a case report. Dent Trau-matol 2006; 22: 41-43.3. HY Yu C, Minnema BJ, Gold WL: Bacterial infections complicat-ing tongue piercing. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2010; 21: 70-74.4. Chambrone L, Chambrone LA: Gingival Recessions Caused by Lip Piercing: Case Report. J Can Dent Assoc 2003; 69: 505-508.5. Peticolas T, Tilliss TS, Cross-Poline GN: Oraland perioral piercing: a unique form of self--expression. J Contemp Dental Pract 2000; 1:30-46.6. Stead LR, Williams JV, Williams AC, Robinson CM: An investi-gation into the practice of ton- gue piercing in the South West of England. Br Dent J 2006; 200: 103-107.7. De Moor RJ, De Witte AM, Delme KI, De Bruyne MA, Hom-mez GM, Goyvaerts D.: Dental and oral complications of lip and ton- gue piercings. Br Dent J 2005; 199: 506-509.8. Neiburger E: A large hypertrophic-keloid le- sion associated with tongue piercing: case re- port. Gen Dent 2006; 54: 46-47.9. Venta I, Lakoma A, Haahtela S, Peltola J, Ylipaavalniemi P, Turtola L: Oralpiercings among first-year university students. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005; 99: 546-549.10. Barbería Leache E, García Naranjo AM, González Couso R, Gutiérrez González D: Are the oral piercing important in the clinic? Dental Pract 2006; 1: 45-59.11. Levin L, Zadik Y, Becker T: Oral and dental complications of intra-oral piercing. Dent Traumatol 2005; 21: 341-343.12. Brennan M, O’Connell B, O’Sullivan M: Multiple dental fractures following ton- gue barbell placement: a case report. Dent Traumatol 2006; 22: 41-43.13. Campbell A, Moore A, Williams E, Stephens J, Tatakis DN: Tongue pierc-ing: impact of time and barbell stem length on lingual gingival recession and tooth chipping. J Periodontol2002; 73: 289-297.14. Leichter JW, Monteith BD: Prevalence and risk of traumatic gingival recession following elective lip piercing. Dent Traumatol 2006;22: 7-13.15. Brooks JK, Hooper KA, Reynolds MA: Formation of mucogingival defects associa- ted with intraoral and perioral piercing: case reports. J Am Dent Assoc 2003; 134: 837--843.16. Keogh IJ, O’Leary G: Serious complication of tongue piercing. J Laryn-gol Otol 2001;115: 233-234.17. Folz BJ, Lippert BM, Kuelkens C, Werner JA: Jewelry-induced diseases of the head and neck. Ann Plast Surg 2002; 49: 264-271.

tions Secondary to Tongue and Lip Piercings. JCDA 2007, 73:327-331.

18. Léo-François MR, Andrian E, Grenier D: Overview of Com-plications Secondary to Tongue and Lip Piercings. JCDA 2007, 73:327-331.19. Farah CS, Harmon DM: Tongue piercing:case report and review of current practice.Aust Dent J 1998; 43: 387-389.20. Boardman R, Smith RA: Dental implications of oral piercing. J Calif Dent Assoc 1997; 25:200-2007.21. De Urbiola Alís I, Viñals Iglesias H: Some considerations about oral piercings. Av Odontoestomatol 2005; 21: 259-269.22. Dubose J, Pratt JW: Victim of fashion:Endocarditis after oral piercing. Curr Surg2004 S; 61: 474-477.23. Shacham R, Zaguri A, Librus HZ, Bar T, Eliav E, Nahlieli O: Tongue piercing and its adver- se effects. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003; 95: 274-6.24. Hardee PS, Mallya LR, Hutchison IL: Tongue piercing resulting in hypotensive collapse. Br Dent J 2000; 188,12: 657-8.25. Lick SD, Edozie SN, Woodside KJ, Conti VR.Streptococcus viridans endocarditis from tongue piercing. J Emerg Med 2005; 29: 57-9.26. Martinello RA, Cooney EL: Cerebellar brain abscess associated with tongue piercing. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36: 32-4.27. Batiste C, Bansal RC, Razzouk AJ: Echocardiographic features of an unruptured mycotic aneurysm of the right aortic sinus of Valsalva. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2004; 17:474-477. 28. Dyce O, Bruno JR, Hong D, Silverstein K, Brown MJ, Mirza N: Tongue piercing. The new “rusty nail”? Head Neck 2000; 22: 728--732.29. Stanko P, Poruban D, Mracna J, Holly D, Janicek B, Pinakova Z, Porubska M, Galbavy S.: Squamous cell carcinoma and piercing of the tongue – A case report. J carcinomaxillo- fac Surg 2011 Jun 21. [Epub ahead of print]30. Soileau KM: Treatment of a mucogingival de- fect associated with intraoral piercing. JADA2005; 136: 490-494.31. Mayers LB, Judelson DA, Moriarty BW, Rundell KW: Preva-lence of body art (body piercing and tattooing) in university under- graduates and incidence of medical compli- cations. Mayo Clin Proc 2002; 77: 29-34.32. Krause H, Bremerich A, Sztraka M: [Complications following piercing in the oral and facial region]. Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir2000; 4: 21-24.

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