- 1.UKOLN is supportedby: The Tools of our Trade: AACR2/RDA and
MARC Guest lecture at London Metropolitan University 15 thMarch
2010 Ann Chapman Community and Outreach Team
2. What are our Tools?
- AACR/RDA= content standard for resource description and
access
- MARC= communication and exchange format providing a structure
for encoding the content of bibliographic and authority data
- ISBD= rules that organise the display of a bibliographic
description of an item in a catalogue
- FRBR= a entity-relational model of the data required to find,
identify, select and obtain resources
3. ISBDs
- International Standard Bibliographic Descriptions
- Developed 1969 onwards by IFLA
- Defined seven areas of description and their order
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- Statement of Responsibility
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- Resource specific information
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- Notes and standard identifiers
4. FRBR
- Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records
- IFLA study; report published 1998
- Entity-relationship model that defines:
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- Tasks : find, identify, select, obtain
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- Resource relationships : work, expression, manifestation,
item
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- Entity relationships : people, corporate bodies (agents)
concepts, objects, events, places
5. AACR
- Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules
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- A content standard for bibliographic description and
access
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- Bibliographic not just books
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- Built on other, earlier sets of rules
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- One principle entry per resource
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- Catalogue from item in hand
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- Chief source of information
6. AACR timeline
- 1978 Second unified edition, consistent with ISBDs; several
further revisions
- 1997 Toronto conference on AACR2
- 2005 Develop RDA not AACR3
- 2010 RDA launch (provisional)
7. AACR 2
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- Chapters 2 -12: Resource type - specific rules
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- Chapter 13: Analytic entries
- Part 2: Headings, Uniform Titles, References
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- Chapter 21: Choice of access points
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- Chapters 22 26: Construction of access points
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- A: Capitalisation, B: Abbreviations, C: Numerals, D: Glossary,
E: Initial articles
8. Whats wrong with AACR?
- Lack of logical structure
- Mixing content and carrier data
- Hierarchical relationships missing
- Anglo-American centric viewpoint
- Not enough support for collocation
- Unclear relationship with MARC Format
9. RDA The Aims
- Rules should be easy to use and interpret
- Be applicable to an online, networked environment
- Provide effective bibliographic control for all types of
media
- Encourage use beyond the library community
- Be compatible with other similar standards
- Have a logical structure based on internationally agreed
principles
- Separate content and carrier data
- Examples more of them, more appropriate
10. Who is working on RDA?
- Joint Steering Committee (JSC)
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- 1 representative each from: ACOC, ALA, BL, CCC, CILIP, LC
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- JSC reps consult with their constituency
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- In UK, CILIP/BL Committee on RDA plus specialist groups (e.g.
Rare Books Group, IAML(UK & Ireland)
- And in the period 2005 to 2009
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- RDA Project Manager: Marjorie Bloss
11. And also
- Task focused working groups
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- RDA GMD/SMD Working Group
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- RDA Examples Working Groups
12. How is RDA being developed?
- Draft (responses revised drafts further responses, etc.)
acceptance
- Latest draft released 17 Nov. 2008; responses from:
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- ACOC, ALA, BL, CCC, CILIP, LC
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- France, Germany, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Sweden
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- ISSN International Centre
- Final product the publishers ( ALA , CILIP, CLA)
13. RDA Timelime
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- Prospectus and draft of chapters relating to description
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- Content and carrier studies
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- Further drafts of chapters on description and access
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- Work on appendices and glossary
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- Screenshot demo in August at IFLA conference
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- Draft for consultation released in November
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- Launch of online product (announced as June 2010)
14. RDA Outline Structure
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- Sections 1 to 4 (chapters 1 to 16)
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- Sections 5 to 10 (chapters 17 to 37)
15. What will RDA look like? - 1
- Section 1: Recording manifestation attributes
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- Ch. 2 Identifying manifestations and items
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- Ch. 3 Describing carriers (technical description)
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- Ch. 4 Providing acquisition and access information (terms of
availability, etc.)
16. What will RDA look like? - 2
- Section 2: Recording attributes of work and expression
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- Ch. 5 General guidelines (incl. construction of access points
for works and expressions)
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- Ch. 6 Identifying works and expressions (e.g.uniform and
collective titles , etc.)
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- Ch. 7 Describing additional attributes of works and expressions
(incl.nature and coverage of content, intended audience,etc.)
17. What will RDA look like? - 3
- Section 3 : Ch. 8, 9, 10, 11 Recording attributes of person,
family and corporate body (=name headings )
- Section 4 : Ch. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 Recording attributes of
concept, object, event and place (=subject headings )
- Section 5 : Ch. 17 Recording primaryrelationshipsbetween work,
expression, manifestation and item
- Section 6 : Ch. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 Recordingrelationshipsto
persons, families and corporate bodies associated with a
resource
18. What will RDA look like? 4
- Section 7 : Ch. 23 Recordingsubject relationships
- Section 8 : Ch. 24, 25, 26, 27, 28
Recordingrelationshipsbetween works, expressions, manifestations
and items
- Section 9 : Ch. 29, 30, 31, 32 Recordingrelationshipsbetween
persons, families and corporate bodies
- Section 10 : Ch. 33, 34, 35, 36, 37
Recordingrelationshipsbetween concepts, objects, events and
places
19. What will RDA look like? - 5
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- D: Record syntaxes for descriptive data (ISBD, M21, DC)
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- E: Record syntaxes for access point control data
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- F: Additional instructions on names of persons
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- G: Titles of nobility, rank, etc.
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- H: Conversion of dates to Gregorian calendar
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- J, K, L, M: Relationship designators
20. Using RDA
- Analyse the resource being described
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- What is the content type?
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- Held in what carrier form?
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- To what other resources is it related?
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- To which persons, families or corporate bodies is it
related?
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- To what concepts, events and places is it related?
21. One rule for all
- Rules apply to all content types
- Rules apply to all media types
- Examples of application to specific content and media
- Rules apply to specific materials or contents (e.g. treaties,
religious texts, music)
22. Words, words, words
- Can look opaque or going round in circles
- Trying to avoid reference to specific content and carriers
- Hope to improve wording over time
- Use as the preferredsource of informationa source forming part
of theresourceitself that is appropriate to (a) the type of
description and (b) the presentation format of theresource .
- Meanspreferredsource of informationmay vary according to:
- Comprehensive or analytical description
- Multiple pieces, early print, moving images, or all other
materials
23. RDA What will it be?
- Online resource (full text)
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- Free open access June to 31 Aug. 2010
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- Free month trial (not confirmed)
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- US $325 for first user (sliding scale multiple users)
http://www.rda-jsc.org/rdapricing.html
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- Library schools likely different but not decided
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- Tailored texts (law, music, serials, etc.)
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- Incorporation into LMS cataloguing modules
24. RDA and beyond
- Independent of communication formats
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- UNIMARC, MARC, MARCXML, MODS/MADS
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- DC, EAD, ISBD, VRA, MPEG7
- Compatible / better aligned with other similar standards
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- Museums: Cataloging Cultural Objects
25. RDA and MARC
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- Report issued in Nov. 2006; various proposals subsequently go
through MARBI process
- How will RDA impact on MARC 21?
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- Some new fields / subfields are being defined
- How will MARC 21 impact on RDA?
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- Data provisions in MARC 21 not covered in current draft of
RDA
26. MARC 1960s
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- Library of Congress project
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- Database of catalogue records
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- Production of catalogue cards
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- Reflected differing cataloguing practices
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- Developed in parallel but not identical ways
27. MARC 1970s
- Variant formats developed
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- Based on either US or UK formats (AUSMARC, DANMARC, KORMARC,
etc.)
-
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- USMARC developed 8 material formats (Books, Serials, Maps,
etc.)
- UNIMARC developed in 1977 by IFLA
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- Intended as exchange format
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- Used as the Bib format in some countries (e.g. France)
28. MARC Recent changes
- Expansion of USMARC to a family of formats
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- Bibliographic, Holdings, Authority, Classification, Community
Information
- Integration of USMARC bibliographic format
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- Previous 8 formats integrated
- Widespread adoption of MARC 21
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- Some countries simply adopt USMARC
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- 1997 USMARC & CANMARC become MARC 21
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- 2003/4 MARC 21 enhanced by UK proposals; British Library adopts
MARC 21
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- 2006/7 MARC 21 enhanced by German proposals: this will enable
libraries to move from MAB to MARC 21
29. MARC Structure
- 0xx control numbers, coded data
- 2xx description, GMD, edition, publication
- 6xx subject access points
- 7xx additional access points
30. Maintaining MARC 21
- Twice yearly MARBI meetings
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- BIC Bibliographic Standards Group
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- http://www.bic.org.uk/16/Bibliographic-Standards/
31. Some MARC changes for RDA
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- 336 Content Type (Bib, Auth)
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- 337 Media Type (Bib, Holdings)
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- 338 Carrier Type (Bib, Holdings)
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- 370 to 377 (Auth) (e.g. field of activity, occupation, gender,
family information, associated language)
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- New codes in 007 (Bib, Holdings)
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- See more detail at:
http://www.loc.gov/marc/formatchanges-RDA.html
32. MARC and XML
- MARC has alpha-numeric 3-digit tags
33. Looking into the crystal ball
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- Potential influence on cataloguing systems
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- Authority records, uniform titles, work records
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- Multiple interfaces for different audiences
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- More flexible search interfaces and displays
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- Enhance for accessibility - supports all users
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- Links (actual resources, restrictions, supporting or associated
resources)
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- Potential use outside the library domain
34. Contact details
- University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY
- http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/bib-man/
- http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/ukoln/staff/a.chapman/
35. Creative Commons Licence
- This licence allows the slides to be reused and, if necessary,
modified for non-commercial use provided acknowledgements are given
to Ann Chapman and UKOLN and the same licence is used for such
modified resources.
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/