Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus and Thrips Management and Thrips Management Thomas Turini Thomas Turini Ui it f C lif i C ti Et i Ui it f C lif i C ti Et i University of California Cooperative Extension University of California Cooperative Extension Fresno County Fresno County
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Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus and Thrips Management - University of
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Thomas TuriniThomas TuriniU i it f C lif i C ti E t iU i it f C lif i C ti E t iUniversity of California Cooperative ExtensionUniversity of California Cooperative Extension
Fresno CountyFresno County
Early symptoms of Beet curly top and Tomato spotted wilt on larger plants can be similar: dull green color and
curled leaves
Plant virusesPlant viruses
Thrips reported to transmit TSWVThrips reported to transmit TSWV
– Frankliniella occidentalis– F. schultzei– F. intonsa– F. fusca– F. bispinosa– Thrips tabaci– T. setosus– F. gemina– T. palmi
Western flower thripsFrankinella occidentalis
A E Whitfield D EA. E.Whitfield, D. E. Ullman, andT L. German. 2005. TOSPOVIRUS-THRIPS INTERACTIONS. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2005. 43:459–89
TSWV must be acquired bybe acquired by the larvae to be transmissibletransmissible.
Western flowerWestern flower thrips develop through two
quiescent, non-feeding pupal stages in the
soil
Adults can live 30 to 45 days and transmit theand transmit the viruses to plants throughout their life.
Cards were placed in fields weeklyCards were placed in fields weekly
10 flowers from 5 sites in each 10 flowers from 5 sites in each monitored field were collectedmonitored field were collectedmonitored field were collectedmonitored field were collected
The presence of TSWV can now be detected in thrips by RT-PCR: R Gilbertsonthrips by RT-PCR: R. Gilbertson
• Could help determine when virus-carrying thrips are presentT h i ll h ll i• Technically challenging
• Need to be able to tests thrips recovered from sticky cards
ThripsTomatoRadicchio Controls
(+) (-)
Marker
( ) ( )
775bp
Robert Gilbertson: UC Davis
Results-Thrips populations• Thrips populations begin to increase in March/April;p p p g p ;
peaked from May-July; and slowly declined until late fall(October) to winter when populations are lowest
• In 2007 populations were moderate whereas in 2008• In 2007, populations were moderate, whereas in 2008populations were twice to four-fold as high
• Detection of larvae in tomato flowers indicates thripsireproduction on tomato
• All were identified as western flower thrips
Insecticide for Control of ThripsInsecticide for Control of Thrips
– Thrips adults and immature stages generally p g g yprefer areas of the plant where they are sheltered (flower or bud tissues)Th i l i i idl– Thrips populations can increase very rapidly, 200-300 eggs/femaleInsecticide resistance is a concern– Insecticide resistance is a concern
– If specifically-timed insecticide application in host crops may reduce virus spreadost c ops ay educe us sp ead
– Carefully read label before making any pesticide recommendation.
Dimethoate 4EL 1pt
Radiant 6.0 fl ozThrips Counts Thrips Counts (4 days after (4 days after c
c20072007
Mustang 4.3 fl oz + Beleaf 50SG 2.8 oz
Lannate SP 1 lb
Dimethoate 4EL 1pt
treatment)treatment)c
c
c
Success 6.0 fl oz + Ecozin Plus 8.0 oz
Assail 30SG 4.0 oz
g c
abc
abc
Venom 70DG 4 oz
Success 6.0 fl oz abc
ab
Movento 5.0 oz
Mustang 4.3 fl oz abc
a
Untreated Control
Microthiol 6.0 lbs
All materials were applied on 1 Jun with
ab
a
0 5 10 15 20
thrips/10 flowers
ppInduce 0.25% v/v
Thrips Thrips Counts (4Counts (4
Dimethoate 4EL 1pt c20082008 Counts (4 Counts (4 days after days after treatment)treatment)
Radiant 6.0 fl oza
Mustang 4.3 fl oz + Beleaf 50 SG
bc
bc
treatment)treatment)Surround 25 lbs
Lannate SP 1 lb bc
bc
Baythroid XL 2 8 floz + Diazinon A
Leverage 5.1 fl oz
Mustang 4.3 fl oz abc
abc
b
Venom 70DG 4 oz
Movento 5.0 oz
Baythroid XL 2.8 floz Diazinon AG500 4 qts
ab
abc
ab
0 1 2 3 4 5
Untreated Control
Venom 70DG 4 oz
All t i l
ab
a
0 1 2 3 4 5
live thrips/10 shoots
All materials were applied on with Induce 0.25% v/v
Influence of Thrips Control P TSWV 2008Programs on TSWV, 2008
–H 9665 processing tomato direct–H 9665 processing tomato direct seeded and sprinkler irrigated on 9 AApr.
–Three replications , 3 Main plot p ptreatments, 4 sub plot treatments; 3 beds per main plot treatments–3 beds per main plot treatments
–75 ft sub plots
Main plot treatmentsp(pre-plant shank-applied
insecticide)insecticide)
1 Platin m 11 fl o1. Platinum 11 fl oz 2. Admire Pro 10.5 fl oz 3. Untreated
TSW-Symptom Incidence S il A li d I i idSoil-Applied Insecticide
7
5
6
(%)
4
5
ptom
s
Platinum 11 fl oz Admire Pro 10 5 fl oz
2
3
W-s
ym
Admire Pro 10.5 fl oz Untreated
0
1
2
TSW
0
TSW-Symptom Incidence F li A li d I i id PFoliar-Applied Insecticide Programs
10
89
10
(%) a
67
tom
s (
Five Three
b bb
345
W-s
ymp Three
Two None
123
TSW
01
Variety Response to TSWVVariety Response to TSWV
• Resistant Varieties: single dominantResistant Varieties: single dominant resistance gene – Sw-5 are available in both fresh market and processingboth fresh market and processing tomatoes (Tsw in peppers)
• Relative susceptibility of tomato varieties• Relative susceptibility of tomato varieties to TSWV
TSWV-Incidence in Mid-Season Processing T t V i ti t WSREC 2007Tomato Varieties at WSREC, 2007
25 AB 8058 (SW5)a
20
%)
( )HMX 5893H 9780ab
15
lant
s (
Sun 6368AB 2
bc
bcd
10
TSW
-pl
H 2506H 2601de
cdcd cd
cd
0
5T 60Red SpringH 2005e
0Variety
H 2005H 8004
TSWV-Incidence in Mid-Season Processing Tomato Varieties at WSREC, 2008
25AB 8058 (SW5)SUN 6368
aa
Transplanted 16 Apr
20
25
%)
SUN 6368H 2005AB 2b
15
20
ants
(%
AB 2H 9780PX 1723
b b
10
SW-p
la H 2601H 4007
c c
cdcd c
c
5
TS UG 4305NDM 5578NUN 672e
decde
0Variety
NUN 672HM 6898H 8004
e
TSWV-Incidence in Mid-Season Processing Tomato Varieties at WSREC, 2008
AB 8058 (SW5)ab a
ab
Transplanted 15 May
20
%)
UG 4305SUN 6368H 2005
abcabc
abc
abcd
abc
ab
15
ants
(%
H 2005H 4007PX 1723cde
bcd
abcd
10
SW-p
la NDM 5578H 9780def
cde
5TS AB 2HM 6898NUN 672f
ef
0Variety
NUN 672H 8004H 2601
f
TSWV-Incidence in Mid-Season Processing Tomato Varieties at WSREC, 2008
16 AB 8058 (SW5)SUN 6368
a
Direct Seeded 12 May
1214
%)
SUN 6368H 9780H 4007b
810
ants
(%
H 4007UG 4305H 2005
b
bc
68
SW-p
la AB 2PX 1723NUN 672de
cd cdcd
de d d
cd
24TS NUN 672
NDM 5578HM 6898e
dede de d
0Variety
HM 6898H 2601H 8004
e
IPM for TSWVIPM for TSWV
• Strategic planning of crops – avoidStrategic planning of crops avoid planting tomatoes near potential sources of TSWVof TSWV
• Use TSWV resistant varieties in high risk areasareas
• Sanitation – immediately plow under crop id f ll i h t d t lresidue following harvest, weed control
• Thrips/TSW-symptom monitoring -insecticide application at first indication of the virus
• CTRICTRI• Robert Gilbertson : Plant Path UC Davis
Di Ull E t l UC D i• Diane Ullman : Entomology UC Davis• Michelle Le Strange : UCCE Tulare• CTRI• Growers and PCAs in Fresno and KingsGrowers and PCAs in Fresno and Kings