Tomato - Greenhouse Production

Economics on Greenhouse production of Tomato

Tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum))

- The genus Tomato belongs to the family Solanaceae. - Tomato is the second most important vegetable crop next to potato.- Cultivated tomato is divided in to two group. 1. Determinate. 2. Indeterminate or vine ( suitable for the greenhouse).

Soil and climate- It can be grown in many types of soils but well drained medium

soils are best suited for the tomato.- It can be grown in 20 to 35 c, increase in temperature cause fruit

obarstion. 2

Crop cycle

3

Stage Duration

Nursery 25 Days

Planting to First flower 40 days after Trans planting.

First flower to first picking 60 to 70 days after the flowering.

Harvesting period 5 to 6 months

Nursery and Selection of Verities

- Unless you are experienced in growing seedlings, it is better to purchase the seedling from the reputed nursery.

- Around 12000 seedlings/Acr.

- Select the variety which is indeterminate type.

4

Land preparation and Planting- MB ploughing fallowed by cultivation.

- Application of compost, Neemcake, basal dose of fertilizer and biological.

- Rotavation , bed making, mulching, marking and trans planting.

- Spacing 1.5m Furrow to furrow, row to row is 50cm and plant to plant 40 to 45cm.

5

Pinching and Pruning

- Pinching operation was carried out at 10 to 15 days after transplanting, remove the side branch, maintain the single stem.

- Use the hooks, thread and clips properly in order to train the crop.

- Crop wire 2-3.5 m above gd.- 1 branches/plant- Plants twisted or clipped - Layering or up & down

6

PollinationPollination should be assisted

by- natural wind.- compressed air.- electric vibrators.- Bumblebees.- Hormones beta Naphthoxy

Acetic Acid

Advantages- less deformed fruit.- faster to harvest.- larger fruit.- higher yields

7

Fertigation

8

Fertigation Programme for TomatoStage of the Plant N P2O5 K2O

gm/Acr/dy gm/Acr/dy gm/Acr/dy Trans planting to first Clustar

300 - 400 300 - 400 300 - 400

First clustar to complete setting of 5th clustar. 800 - 1200 480 - 720 1200 - 1800

5th clustar to picking 2000 - 2800 1200 - 1800 3000 - 4200

Picking period 2400 - 2800 1440 - 1800 3600 - 4200

8th week after picking800 - 1200 480 - 720 1200 - 1800

calcium 60 to 100 ppmMagnicium 30 - 50 ppm

9

Production Expenses for Tomato grown under Greenhouse  Area of Expenses Rs./unit Amount (Rs.)

1 Land preparation and other operation    aSterilization and Land preparation. 13 ₹ 52,611.00bPlastic replacement (once in three years) 40 ₹ 93,333cString 3 ₹ 36,000

      ₹ 1,81,944  Percentage of the total   30.7       

2 Cost of seedlings (12000 seedlings) 3 ₹ 36,000  Percentage of the total   6.1       

3 Cost of fertilizer   ₹ 1,40,000  Percentage of the total   23.6       4 Cost of Chemicals   ₹ 50,000  Percentage of the total   8.4       5 Man Power   ₹ 1,80,000  Percentage of the total   30.3       6 Misalanius   ₹ 5,519

  Percentage of the total   0.93                Total Cost   ₹ 5,93,464         Total Yield (Kg)   90000         Production Cost (Rs./Kg)   ₹ 7

10

Income

Grade Percent Price/kg Yield ( Kg) Amount

Total Yield A Grade 85% ₹ 15.00 76500 ₹ 11,47,500.00

B Grade 15% ₹ 8.00 13500 ₹ 1,08,000.00

Total 90000 ₹ 12,55,500.00

11

Total Investment for one Acare of Greenhouse

Investment Area Cost /sq.m Total CostDep. Year Interest

Return of Capital

Greenhouse Structure 4040 ₹ 980.00 ₹ 39,59,200.00 7 10.50% ₹ 8,26,675.68

Irrigation system 4040 ₹ 60.00 ₹ 2,42,400.00 7 10.50% ₹ 50,612.80

Misting System Cool Net 4040 ₹ 40.00 ₹ 1,61,600.00 7 10.50% ₹ 33,741.86

Civil work 4040 ₹ 35.00 ₹ 1,41,400.00 7 10.50% ₹ 29,524.13

Total Investment ₹ 1,115.00 ₹ 45,04,600.00 ₹ 9,40,554.47

Subsidy ₹ 25,04,600.00 7 10.50% ₹ 5,22,957.14

12

Income from the Crop ₹ 12,55,500.00 ₹ 12,55,500.00

Operation Cost ₹ 5,93,463.78 ₹ 5,93,463.78

Retarun of Capital first year ₹ 9,40,554 ₹ 5,22,957

Profit without capital investment first year ₹ 6,62,036 ₹ 7,32,542.86

Cash flow first year ₹ -2,78,518 ₹ 1,39,079.08

Thank You

Umesha. M . C.Deputy Manager - Agronomy.