Cumulative review exercise for comparatives
Comparison
1. EQUALITIVE: IS USED IN COMPARISON OF A SPECIFIC
CHARACTERISTIC, BIG, CHEAP, CLEAR, COLD, EASY, HARD, LIGHT, LITTLE.
. .
NounVerbAsAdjectiveAsNoun
Marys JobIs As HardAsBills
The meat at the supermarketIs notAs ExpensiveAsThat at a butcher
shop
2. COMPARATIVEA/ Short adjectives, one-syllable adjectives form
the comparative by using er after the form. Two syllable adjectives
which end in y form the coparative by changing the y to i and
adding er
Example: the bill which we received was highter than the
estimates
Ellen has been happier lately than she was when she was first
came
The climate here iw milder than that of New England
B/ Long adjectives; two and more than two-syllable adjectives
form the comparative by using more or less before the adjective
form
Example:
This room is more spacious than the other one
The books for my engineering course more expensive than thoes
for my other courses
The diesel engine that runs on oil is more efficient than most
other engines
Irregular adjectives
AdjectivesComparativeSuperlative
BadWorseThe worst
GoodBetterThe best
FarFarther/furtherThe farthest/furthest
LittleLessThe least
ManyMoreThe most
Much MoreThe most
Example:
This ice-cream is better than the other brands
The lad is farther/further from the bus stop than the
library
Please give me more sugar than you did last time
This composition is worse than your last one
3. SUPERLATIVE: ARE USED TO COMPARE MORE THAN TWO THINGS OR
PEOPLE
A/ Short adjectives: form by using the before adjective forms
and adding est after adjectives
Example:
Shes the prettest of all of the girls in our class
Of all of the candidats, Alex is probably the leat qualified
B/ Long adjectives: form by using the most before adjectives
forms
Example:
New York is the most populous city of all American cities
In my opionion, the most beautifule place in the North of
Vietnam is Ha Long Bay
Although there are a number of interesting findings, the most
significant results are in the abstract
4. EXACT SIMILARITY: THE SAME AS AND THE SAME
The same as and the same have the same meaning, but the same as
is used between the two nouns compared, and the same is used after
the two nouns or a plural noun
Examples:
This coat is the same as that one
That car is almost the same as mine
The teacher gave Martha a failing grade one composition because
it was the same as a composition he had read
This coat and that one are the same
My briefcase and yours are exactly the same
These coats are the same
5. GENERAL SIMILARITY: SIMILAR TO AND SIMILAR, LIKE AND
ALIKESimilar to and similar have the same meaning, but similar to
is used between the two nouns compared and similar is used after
the two nouns or a plural noun
NounVerbSimilar toNoun
This restaurantIs Similar toThat one
NounAndNounVerbsimilar
All of the other departmentsAnd This oneAre similar
NounVerbsimilar
These housesAresimilar
LIKE AND ALIKE
Your recipe for chicken and recipe that my mother has are
alike
Your recipe for chicken is like a recipe that my mother has
The weather feels like spring
Mary and her sister dont look alike
6. SPECIFIC SIMILARITY: QUALITY NOUNS
A/ Quality nouns: is used in comparisons of a specific
characteristic: age, color, height, length, price, size, stype,
weight
NounVerbThe sameNoun-qualityAsNoun
She Is The sameAgeAsMy mother
This oneIsnt The sameSizeAs The rest one
Please Cut my hairThe same StyleAs In this magazine
7. GENERAL DIFERENCE: DIFFERENCE FROM, DIFFERENT, TO DIFER
FROM
Different from and different have the same meaning, but
different from is used between the two nouns compared, and
different is used after two nouns or a plural
NounAndNounVerbdirrerent
Time magazine And New YorkAre Different in several ways
NounVerbDifferent
These apartment AreQuite different
Long distance telephone rates for day time hours Are Different
from rates for night time
The watch in the window and this one Is a little Different
NounDiffer fromNoun
Sharoon Differ fromOther women I know
The campus at State UniversityDiffer fromThat of City
College
8. COMPARATIVE ESTIMATES-MULTIPLE NUMBERS, MORE THAN AND LESS
THAN, AS MANY ASA/ Multiple numbers: half, twice, three times. .
.
S+VMultipleAsMuch/manyAsNoun or S + V
Example:
Fresh fruit cost twice as much as canned fruit
This one is prettier, but it costs twice as much as the other
one
The rent at College Apartment is only half as much as you pay
here
The price was very reasonable, I would gladly have paid three
times as much as he asked
S+VMore than/less thanNumbernoun
Example:
Steve has more than a thousand coins in his collection
Andy has less than a dozen coins in his pocket
More than one hundred people came to the meeting
There are more than fifty students in the lab, but only two
computers
9. DOUBLE COMPARATIVES:
When two comparatives are used together, the first comparative
expresses cause and the second expresses result. A comparative is
more or less with and adjective, or and adjective with er
The + comparative + subject + verb, the + comparative + subject
+ verb
Example:
The more you study during the semester, the less you have to
study the week before exams
The faster we finish, the sooner we can leave
The less one earns, the less one must pay in income tax
Cumulative review exercise for comparatives
Part A1. One object will not be the same weight than another
object because the gravitational attraction differs from place to
place on the earths surface.
2. An identical twin is always the same sex his or her twin
because they develop from the same zygote
3. We finished the test more rapidly of all
4. As many 100 billion stars are in the Milky Way
5. The valuablest information we currently have on the ocean
floor is that which was obtained by oceanographic satellites such
as Seasat
6. Compared with numbers fifty years ago, there are twice more
students in collage today
7. The oxygen concentration in the lungs is higher than the
blood
8. Since the earth is spherical, the larger the area, the worser
the distortion on a flat map
9. The eyes of an octopus are remarkably similar to that of a
human being
10. The terms used in one text book may be different from
another text
11. In 1980, residential utility bills were as high sixteen
hundred dollars a month in New England
12. When the ratio of gear teeth is five: one, the small gear
rotates five times as fast the large gear
13. Although lacking in calcium and vitamin A, grains have most
carbohydrates than any other food
14. The classes at my university are very different from State
University
15. The more narrow the lens diameter, the more great the depth
of field
16. No fingerprint is exactly alike another
17. The English that is spoken in Canada is similar to the
United States
18. There is disagreement among industrialiss as to whether the
products of this decade are inferior the past
19. The time in New York differs three hours from Los
Angeles
20. The period is probably the most easiest punctuation mark to
use
21. When mental replaced wood in the construction of ships
hulls, more strong and larger ships could be build
22. Charcoal is the most commonly used cooking fuel in the
world
23. I wish we could see each other most frequently
24. Soft solder melts at a low temperature than ordinary
older
25. Many of the nations most important documents are stored in
the National Archives Building in Washington DC.
26. The surfboards used twenty-five years ago were more heavier
than the ones used by surfers today
27. Few American politicians have spoken most eloquently William
Jennings
28. Subterranean termites are the more destructive type of
termites in the United States
29. Prince Edward Island is the less populous of Canadas ten
provinces
30. During a depression, economic conditions are far worst than
they are during a recession
31. One of the more basic American contributions to technology
was the so-called American system. Of interchangeable machine
parts
32. The horse chestnut has a stronger, bitter taste than other
chestnuts
33. The higher the solar activity, the intense the auroras or
polar light displays in the skies near the earths geomagnetic
poles.
34. Chicagos Field Museum is one of the largest and better known
natural history museums in the United States
35. These photographs are very good, but that one is the better
of all
36. Baltimore has one of the worlds most finest natural
harbors
37. The Kenedy-Nixon race of 1960 was he closest presidential
election of this century
38. The louder he shouted, less he convinced everyone
39. The finback whale is the fastest of all whales, and only the
blue whale is largest
40. The cello is shorter and more slender than the double
bass
41. Oil floats on water because oil is less dense than water
42. The more you practice speaking, the well you will do it
43. Basketball is played at a much fast pace than baseball
44. The deep oceans contain some of the stranger of all living
creatures
45. The most small vessels in the circulatory system are
capillaries
46. North America is the third larger of the seven
continents
47. Pikes Peak, named for explorer Zebulon Pike, is Colorados
most famous but not its most highest mountain
48. Gold tapaz is much rare than either white or blue topaz
49. The more you study during the semester, the lesser you have
to study the week before the exams
50. State University offers as much as two hundred major fields
of study
51. The new model costs twice more than last years model
52. Even through Miss Alabama lost the beauty contest, she was
still more prettier than the other girls in the Miss America
pageant
53. When a patients blood pressure is much high than it should
be, a doctor usually insists that he not smoke
54. The more the relative humidity reading rises, the worst the
heat affects us.
55. One of the more influent newspapers in US is the New York
times chlorination of water sources
56. The bridge at Niagara Falls spans the longer unguarded
border in the history of the world
Part B
1. Wild strawberries are . . . . . . . . . as cultivated
strawberries
A. not so sweet
B. not as sweet
C. less sweet
D. not as sweeter
2. Sea . . . . . . . . . fresh water bass
A. are larger than
B. are larger the
C. are as large
D. are large
3. Automobiles, air planes, and buses use more energy per
passenger . . . . . . . . .
A. as do trains
B. than trains do
C. trains do
D. like trains
4. The larger a drop of water, . . . . . . . . . freezing
temperature
A. the higher its
B. its higher
C. higher than its
D. higher of its
5. . . . . . . . . . San Diego and San Francisco, Los Angeles
has no natural harbor
A. dissimilar
B. unlike
C. dislike
D. different
6. The water of the Great Salt Lake is . . . . . . . . .
seawater
A. saltier than that of
B. as salty as that of
C. saltier than
D. so saltier as
7. A psychosis is a severe mental disorder, . . . . . . . . .
than a neurosis
A. the most serious
B. as serious
C. more serious
D. as though serious
8. The social system of bumblebees is not as complex . . . . . .
. . .
A. than honeybees
B. as honeybees
C. that honeybees are
D. as that of honeybees
9. The administration of private colleges is nearly . . . . . .
. . . that of public colleges
A. same
B. just as
C. the same as
D. similar
10. . . . . . . . . .a river on land, an ocean current doesnt
flow in a straightline
A. same
B. just as
C. the same as
D. similar
11. The skin temperature of humans is . . . . . . . . . their
internal temperature
A. not high as
B. not so high
C. as low
D. lower than
12. A butterfly . . . . . . . . . a month in a number of
ways
A. is different from
B. is different
C. the different is
D. differing from
13. . . . . . . . . . the worse I seem to feel
A. when I take more medicine
B. the more medicine I take
C. Taking more of the medicine
D. More medicine taken
14. We will have to be careful not get our suitcases mixed up
because yours is almost the same . . . . . . . . . mine
A. like
B. to
C. as
D. that
15. My new glasses cost me . . . . . . . . . the last pair that
I brought
A. times three
B. three times more
C. three times as much as
D. as much three time as
16. Although she is very popular, she is not . . . . . . . . .
her sister
A. pretty as
B. as pretty
C. prettier than
D. more pretty than
17. This new soap is not much . . . . . . . . . the others that
I have tried
A. different
B. different from
C. different than
D. different that
18. Ms Jones isnt as nice . . . . . . . . . Ms Smith
A. as
B. for
C. like
D. to
19. the rooms in Graduate Towers are . . . . . . . . . Patteson
Hall
A. Larger than
B. Larger than that of
C. Larger than those in
D. Larger than in
20. The final will be . . . . . . . . . the midterm
A. alike
B. like
C. the same
D. similar
21. they are . . . . . . . . . my neighbors
A. more friendlier than
B. friendly than
C. friendlier as
D. friendlier than
22. tuition at an American university runs . . . . . . . . . six
thousand dollars a semester
A. so high as
B. as high as
C. as high to
D. as high than
23. . . . . . . . . . I get to know her, the more I like her
A. for more
B. more
C. the more
D. the most
24. I would have paid . . . . . . . . . for my car if the
salesmen had insisted, because I really wanted it
A. as much twice
B. much twice
C. twice as much
D. times two
25. . . . . . . . . . 1000 species of finch have been
identified
A. as many a
B. as many
C. as much as
D. much as
26. The observation desk at the World Trade Center . . . . . . .
. . in the New York
A. Is highest than any other one
B. Is higher than any other one
C. Is highest that any other one
D. Is higher that any one other
27. The salary of a bus driver is much higher . . . . . . . .
.
A. in comparison with the salary of a teacher
B. than a teacher
C. than that of a teacher
D. to compare as a teacher
28. Frost occurs in valley and on low grounds . . . . . . . . .
on adjacent hills
A. more frequently as
B. as frequently than
C. more frequently than
D. frequently than
29. Staying in a hotel costs . . . . . . . . . renting a room in
a dormitory for a week
A. twice more than
B. twice as much as
C. as much twice as
D. as much at twice
30. The consistency of protoplasm and that of glue . . . . . . .
. .
A. they are alike
B. are similar to
C. are similar
D. the same
31. Although exact statistics vary because of political changes,
. . . . . . . . . separate nation states are included in the
official lists at any one time.
A. more than two hundred
B. as much as two hundred
C. many as two hundred
D. most that two hundred
32. A dolphin . . . . . . . . . a porpoise in that it has a
longer nose
A. different
B. differs
C. different than
D. differs from
33. The seed heads of teasel plants raise the nap on coarse
tweed cloth . . . . . . . . . than do the machine tools invented to
replace them
A. more efficiently
B. efficiently
C. more efficient
D. most efficient
Idiomatic expression and two word verb
Lesson 1
1. above all ; most importantly Quan trng nht
2. about to ; almost ready to Hu nh sn sng
3. add up ; make sense; be logical Mt cch logic
4. all at once ; suddenly; without warning t nhin, khng thng
bo
5. all of a sudden ; all at one, suddenly t nhin, khng thng
bo
6. as a matter of fact ; in reality, actually Thc t
7. as a rule ; generally, customarily Thng thng, nhn chung
8. at the drop of a hat ; quickly, without any preparation time
Nhanh chng, khng c s chun b
9. at ease ; not nervous, calm Khng hi hp, bnh tnh
10. back out of ; withdraw an offer Tr li li mi
11. be my guest ; do what you want; feel free; help yourself T
nhin nh!
12. by rusty ; need practice or review Cn luyn tp hoc xem xt
13. beats me ; I dont know, I have no idea Ti khng bit, ti khng
c kin
14. better off ; in an improved condition Ci thin tnh hnh
15. bite off more than one can chew ; take on more
responsibility than one can handle Lm vic g qu sc
16. bound to ; certain to; sure to Sn sng, chc chn
17. break down ; stop functioning a machine Hng
18. break in; interrupt Ct ngang, lm gin on
19. break the ice ; break through social barriers Lm tan khng kh
cng thng
20. break the news ; inform; give bad news Thng bo thng l tin
xu
21. break up ; end Kt thc
22. break up with ; stop being a couple Chia tay
23. a breeze ; something very simple and easy to do D
24. bring about ; cause to happen Nguyn nhn
25. bring up ; raise a child or introduce a topic Dy d
26. brush up on ; review, study, practice n tp
27. bump into ; meet unexpectedly, run into Gp g tnh c
28. by and large ; mostly, generally, on the whole Hu nh
29. by heart; by memory, learned word for word Hc thuc
30. by no means ; in no way, not at all Khng cn cch no
31. count on, bank on Tin tng vo ai
EXERCISE: fill in the blanks in the sentences or dialogs with
idioms from the above list; there will be one word per blank. It
may be necessary to change verb forms in order for the sentence to
be grammatically correct
1. Can you talk now No, Im . . . . . . . . . . go to the grocery
store, but Ill call you as soon as I get back
2. You are probably too tired to play another game of
racquetball, right? Im not that tired, really . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Id enjoy another game
3. Will you support my proposal at the meeting? certainly. You
can . . . . . . . . . . my support
4. I was talking to my aunt when suddenly my cousin George Ann .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . our conversation
5. I understand Diane lost her job. yes, but shes actually . . .
. . . . . . .she found a more interesting job with higher
salary
6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carlos is very punctual, but
she sure was late tonight.
7. My car . . . . . . . . . . last week, and I had to take the
bus to work until it was repaired
8. I was taking a quiet walk last night when . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .there was a loud explosion
9. Kent is . . . . . . . . . . fail that class if he doesnt
start studying
10. They . . . . . . . . . . their children to be honest
11. There were a few things I didnt like about Professor Wongs
class, but . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I enjoyed it
12. I think Matthew was cheating on that quiz that doesnt . . .
. . . . . . .why should the best student in the class cheat?
13. Can I have another sandwich? sure, . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . I made plenty
14. Actors and actresses must know their lines . . . . . . . . .
.
15. If you dont want to talk about this problem, why did you . .
. . . it . . . . .?
16. Many accidents are . . . . . . . . . . by carelessness
17. Their team won the game, but they . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .dominated it. It was a very close game
18. What a boring party. No one is talking to one another May be
we should put on some music and start dancing. That might . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
19. Have you studied Spanish before? yes, but its been years
since I took a Spanish class, so Ill need to . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .it before I go to Venezuela
20. youre taking five classes this term? yes, and Im having
trouble getting caught up. Im afraid I . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . this time
21. Youre all packed and ready to go, I see. I could leave . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22. Do you know what the name of this street is? . . . . . . . .
. . this is the first time Ive ever been in this town
23. Hows that biology class youre taking? so far, its been . . .
. . . . . . . Weve just been going over things I studied last
semester
24. What time did the pardy . . . . . . . . . . last nigh? I
dont know. It was still going on when I went home
25. I was awfully nervous when I gave that speech. really? You
hid it well. I thought you were completely . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson 2
1. Call it a day ; stop working for the day, go home Ngh
2. Call off ; cancel Hu
3. Call on ; visit Thm, ving
4. Calm down ; relax Bnh tnh, th gin
5. Care for; take care of; feel affection for Chm sc cho
6. Catch on to ; understand, learn Hiu
7. Catch up with ; go as fast as, catch Bt kp
8. Check out of ; leave a hotel; take material from library Ri
khi khch sn
9. Check into; to register Lm th tc
10. Cheer up ; become cheerful, be happy Vui v ln, hng hi ln,
phn khi
11. Chip in ; contribute ng gp
12. Clear up ; clarify, make understandable, become nice to
agree with Lm cho r rng, lm cho sng t
13. Come across ; find, meet, encounter Tm, gp g
14. Come round to ; begin to change ones opinion, begin to agree
with Thay i kin ai
15. Come down with ; become sick with Chn ngy vi
16. Come up with ; think of Ngh v
17. Cost an arm and a leg ; be very expensive Rt t
18. Count on ; depend on, rely on, bank on Ph thuc vo, tin tng
vo
19. Count out ; eliminate, no longer consider as a factor Kt
thc
20. Cut off ; stop, discontinue Dng
21. Cut out for ; have an aptitude for C kh nng lm vic g
EXERCISE: Fill in the blanks in the sentence or dialogue with
idiom from the above list. There will be one word per blank. It may
be necessary to change the verb form in order for the sentence to
be grammatically correct.
1. The reception in the garden was . . . . . . . . . . because
of a thunderstorm
2. Dont get so excited just . . . . . . . . . . and tell us what
happened
3. I was looking up some information in the almanac when I . . .
. . . . . . . an interesting fact
4. I can . . . . . . . . . . my car. Its very dependable and
never breaks down
5. How did you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . such a strange
idea?
6. I arrived in town last nigh at seven thirty and . . . . . . .
. . . my hotel room at around eight. This morning I plan to . . . .
. . . . . . at about nine
7. Did you rent this videotape? no, I . . . . . it . . . . . . .
. . . the library
8. You looked tired. Why dont we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . and finish up tomorrow?
9. It wont be too expensive to buy? Professor Mc Millen a
present if we all . . . . . . . . . . his electricity
10. I dont understand this theorem at all. talk to professor
Adler. Ill best she can . . . . . . . . . . your confusion
11. If Arthur doesnt pay his electric bill soon, the utilities
company might . . . . . . . . . . his electricity
12. Who . . . . . . . . . . your cat while you were out of
town?
13. A good stereo system doesnt have . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you can find one for a reasonable
price
14. Cauliflower isnt my favorite vegetable. In fact, I dont . .
. . . . . . . . it at all
15. Im depressed. I didnt do very well on this quiz . . . . . .
. . . . that quiz only counted for 10 percent of the total grade.
And I am sure youll do better on the other tests
16. How did Eric do in the cross-country ski race? he got off to
a bad start, and so he nerver . . . . . . . . . . the leading
skiers
17. Why did Brenda drop out of business school? she decided she
wasnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a career in business. She is
going to study art instead
18. this song wasnt very popular when it was first recorded but
now its starting to . . . . . . . . . .
19. Your room-mate is still planning to vote for Smithson for
president of the Student Council? yes, but Im going to keep talking
to him. I think eventually hell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . our
point of view and vote for Brannigan
20. that saleswomen . . . . . . . . . . her clients at least
once a month because she thinks personal contact is important
21. Is it still raining? No, the rain has stopped. And its
starting to . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson 3
1. Day in and day out ; constantly, for a long time Ngy ny sang
ngy khc, ni tip nhau
2. Die down ; become less severe; quiet down Yn tnh
3. Do over ; do again; repeat Lp li
4. Do without; not have Khng c
5. Down the drain; wasted, done for no reason Lng ph, lm vic g
khng c l do
6. Dream up ; invent, think of, come up with Pht minh
7. Drop in ; visit informally Thm (bn thn, ngi thn)
8. Drop someone a line ; send someone a letter Gi th cho ai
9. Drop off ; leave something, take someone home, let someone
out of a car Ri b th g
10. Drop out of ; stop attending classes B hc
11. Easy as a pie ; very simple; a piece of cake D nh bnh nhn
to
12. Easy bigger than ones stomach ; said of someone who takes
more food than he or she can eat Mt to hn bng (No bng i con mt)
13. Fall behind ; not move as quickly as, lag behind Tt li pha
sau
14. Fall through ; fail to happen Khng xy ra
15. As far cry from ; not similar to, not as good as Khng ging
nh, khng tt nh
16. Feel free ; do something if one wants T nhin, lm g bn
mun
17. Feel like ; be inclined to, want to Cm thy thch lm vic g
18. Feel like a million dollars ; feel very good Tm trng phn
chn, tm trng tt
19. Feel up to ; feel able to do something; ready to C th lm vic
g
20. Fed up with ; not able to tolerate; disgusted with; annoyed
with Chn ngy
21. Few and far between ; uncommon and inferquent Khng thng
xuyn
22. Figure out ; understand, solve Hiu
EXERCISE
1. It took me hours to . . . . . . . . . . how to record
programs on my VCR
2. If you could . . . . . . . . . . the laundry on the way to
work. Ill pick it up on Monday
3. What a wonderful masquerade party! People certainly . . . . .
. . . . . some interesting costumes, didnt they?
4. Do you . . . . . . . . . . going out tonight? No, Id rather
stay home and read
5. Why have you . . . . . . . . . . in your French class? I was
sick and I missed a few classes. But Im studying hard to catch
up
6. Why do we need to get gas now? We have quite a bit left. This
highway goes through some very empty country, and gas station are .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Howards teacher wasnt satisfied with the work he had done, so
she asker him to . . . . . it . . . . .
8. Im . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . my roommates lack of
responsibility. He never pays his bills or his share of the rent on
time
9. Isnt your class picnic today? No, our plans for the picnic .
. . . . . . . . .
10. The food at that new restaurant isnt bad. Its alright, but
its . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the food at Mariors. Now that is
a great restaurant
11. Ben had to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the university
because of financial problems
12. After borrowing furiously, the win finally . . . . . . . . .
.
13. Do you telephone friends before you visit, or just . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . them? It depends. If theyre acquaintances, I
generally call first
14. Im tired of the same old routine. I know how you feel. I get
tired of doing the same things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . too
15. Ralph really loaded up his tray with food. Hell never eat it
all. Ralphs . . . . . are . . . . . his . . . . .
16. I need to use a computer for a few hours. . . . . . . . . .
. to use laptop computer. I dont need it this morning
17. Ive missed James since he moved to Seattle. You should . . .
. . him . . . . . . . . . . and let him know how youre doing. Im
sure hed love to get a letter from you
LESSON 4
1. Fill in; write in a blank in vo
2. Fill in for; substitute for Thay th cho
3. Fill one in; provide missing information Cung cp thng tin cn
thiu
4. Fill out; complete Hon thnh
5. Find out; learn, discover Hc, tm ra
6. A fish out of water; someone not in his or her normal
surroundings. Thch nghi vi hon cnh, thch nghi vi iu kin
7. Fix up; repair, renovate Sa cha
8. Follow in ones footsteps; do what someone else did Lm vic g m
ai lm
9. For good; permanently, forever Mi mi, lu di
10. For the time being; temporarily, for now Tm thi, by gi
11. From out of the blue; unexpectedly, without warning Khng
mong i,
12. Get along with; have good relations with C quan h tt vi
13. Get carried away; go too far, do too much, buy too much i qu
xa, lm qu nhiu, mua qu nhiu
14. Get in ones blood; become a habit; become customary Tr thnh
thi quen, tr thnh tp qun, i vo mu
15. Get in over ones head; take too much responsibility; bite
off more than one can chew. Lm qu sc mnh
16. Get in the way; block; obstruct Lm b tc
17. Get in touch with; contact Gi lin lc
18. Get the hang of something; learn how to do something Hc cch
lm g
19. Get off; leave a vehicle li phng tin
20. Get a kick out of; have fun doing something, enjoy Thch th,
lm vic g bun ci
21. Get off the ground; start to be successful S khi u tt p
22. Get on ; board a vehicle Ln xe
23. Get over; recover from Ly li t, ginh li t, tm li c t
24. Get rid of; discard, no longer have Thi hi
25. Get under way; begin, start Bt u, khi du
26. Give away; distribute ng gp, phn phi
27. Give someone a cold shoulder; act unfriendly toward someone;
ignore Khng thn thin; b qua
EXERCISE;
1. How did you......... ........ where Warren lives? I just
looked it up in my address book
2. Im interested in the job that was advertised in the
newspaper. fine, just........ ........ this application form.3.
Dont forget to......... ......... the date on your check.4. Is
Agnes still mad at you? I suppose so. I saw her at a party last
weekend, and she just...........me........... ............ it.5.
Are you moving to Baltimore........... ............? No,
just......... .......... ............ ............ Ill be back here
in a month or two.6. That old paint that you have stored in your
garage is a fine hazard. Youre right. I should......... .........
...........it7. Some companies......... ............free samples of
new products in order to familiarize consumers with them.8. Hows
that advanced computer class youre taking. Polly. Not so good. I
cant understand a word that the teacher or any of the students are
saying I really feel like........... ........... ...........
........... ............9. Dont you just hate all this graffiti?
Its ugly, Isnt it? Ive never understood why people.........
........ .......... ........ ..........writing on walls. It doesnt
seem like much fun to me.10. When the train stopped, a mysterious
looking woman in a black raincoat........ .......... the train and
found her seat.11. Maxwells project will be very successful, I
think Oh, I dont know. Im not sure it will ever........ ...........
........ .........12. Do you........ ......... ........... your new
roommate, or do you two argue?13. That run down old house that
David bought looks terrific. Yes, hes ......... it.........
beautifully, hasnt he?14. Has Edward.......... ......... ..........
.......... you lately? No, he hasnt. I dont think he has my new
telephone number.15. Will the concert start soon It should.........
......... ......... any minute now.16. Living by the oceans really
......... ..........your........... Once youve lived here, you
never want to leave.17. This is the last stop. Everyone has to
......... ........... the bus here.18. Professor Dunbar came down
with the flu, so her teaching assistant........ .........
............ her for a few days.LESSON 5
1.Give a hand; applaud, clap V tay, hoan nghnh
2.give a hand with; assist Gip , tr gip
3. Go easy on; not punish severely Khng kht khe
4. Go on with; continue Tip tc
5. Go with; accompany, look good together, complement i cng vi,
b sung
6. Go without saying; obvious, clear rnh mch, hin nhin
7. Grow up; to mature, to become an adult trng thnh
8. Hand in; give back to , return quay tr li
9. Hand out; distribute giao cho, phn cho
10. Hang out; wait i
11. Hard to come by; difficult to find rt kh tm
12. Have on; wear mc
13.Have ones hand full; be very busy, have a challenging job rt
bn,
14. Have a heart; be compassionate, show mercy thng hi
15. Have a hunch; have an intuitive feeling thuc v trc gic
16.Have a word with someone; to talk to someone briefly ni ngn
gn vi ai, li nhn
17. Have the time of ones life; have fun, have a great time Mt
thi gian vui thch
18. Hear firsthand from; get information directly from someone
Ly thng tin trc tip t ai
19. Hear from; be contacted by, be in touch with Gi lin lc
bi
20. Hear of; know about, be familiar with Quen vi, bit v
21. Hit if off; become friendly, Tr nn thn thin
22. Hit the road; leave, go away Ri khi, i khi
23. Hold on; wait, i
24. Hold on to; grasp Nu ly, tm ly, nm c
25. Hold still; not move Khng di chuyn, khng ca quy
26. Hold up; delay Chm tr
EXERCISE;
1. Everest was born in the South but he......... ............ in
Michigan.
2. At the beginning of the class, the instructor.........
........ the quizzes and told the students they had 10 minutes in
which to finish.3. After 10 minutes, the students........
.......... their quizzes to the instructor.
4. Have you ever....... ......... Wiliam Carlos? I believe so.
He was a poet, wasnt he?5. Hello, is Gina there? Yes, .........
......... a minute and Ill get her.6. Youre graduating next month,
right? Yes, but I intend to........ ......... .......... my studies
in graduate school.7. .......... ............ while I take your
photograph. I dont want the picture to be blurry.8. I get stopped
by the police for speeding. I have to pay a big fine. Well, you
could talk to the judge and ask him to reduce it . since youve
never been stopped for speeding before, maybe, hell ........
.......... ....... you.
9. Do you like this blouse? Yes, but I think the gray silk one
would........ better.......your jacket10. So, Dave is teaching you
how to windsurf? Yes, and hes such a good teacher that Im already
........... ........ .......... .......... it.11. The
audience..........the cast a big.........after their wonderful
performance.12. Do you think Iris will pass the history test?
That.......... ........... ........ in fact, shell probably have
the best grade in the class.13. What......... .......... your
flight? There was a big snowstorm in Denver that delayed a lot of
flights.14. Have you .......... .......... Maureen since she went
to Hawaii. Yeah, I got a postcard from her yesterday. She said shes
.......... ........... ......... ..........her..........and never
wants to come home.15. Can you ...........me........... ...........
............ this luggage? Its too heavy for me to carry by
myself.16. The wind is starting to blow. Youd better.........
........... ........... your hat.17. Oh, you bought the new book by
Richard Stone. Yes, but that book is.......... ...........
.......... ............I looked for it in three or four
bookstores.18. Its getting late. I d better....... ..........
........... if I want to get home by midnight.19. Can I ..........
........... ......... ..........you now. Professor Rivera? Ive got
to go to class right now. Drop by my office later and well talk
then.20. You sure bought a lot of groceries. Year, I guest I
.......... ........... ........... I should never go grocery
shopping when Im hungry.LESSON 6
1. In hot water; in trouble Trong s phin mun, lo lng
2. In the dark; not knowing , confused Khng hiu, lng tng
3. In the long run; over a long period of time Sau cng, sau rt,
kt qu l
4. In not time; very soon, very quickly Sm nht, rt nhanh
5. In a nutshell; in summary, in brief Vn tt, ngn gn
6. In the same boat; in the same situation, having the same
problem Cng hi cng thuyn
7. In person; face to face Mt i mt
8. In store; in the future, coming up Trong tng lai
9. Iron out; solve a problem Gii quyt vn
10. Join the club; have the same problem Vn chung, cng mt vn
11. Jump to conclusions; form opinions without sufficient
evidence T s nh gi khng r rng
12. Keep an eye on; watch, take care of , look after Nhn, chm
sc
13. Keep an eye out for; look for Trng h
14. Keep on with; continue Tip tc
15. Keep track of; know where something or someone is Bit ch ai
hoc ch vt g
16. Keep up with; maintain the same speed as Ngang hng vi, khng
thua km
17. Kill time; spend time doing unimportant things Git thi
gian
18. Know like the back of ones hand; be very familiar with Rt
quen thuc vi
19. Lay off; put out of work T b
20. Learn the ropes; become familiar with, get used to, get the
hang of Tr nn quen thuc vi
21. Leave out; not include, omit B st
22. Leave someone or something alone; not disturb Khng quy
ry
23. Let someone down; disappoint Lm cho ai tht vng
24. Look after; take care of, mind Chm sc
25. Let up; decline in intensity Du i
26. Look for; try to locate Tm kim
27. Look forward to; anticipate with pleasure on trc tng lai
28. Look into; investigate Nghin cu
29. In favor of ; support ng h
EXERCISE;
1. Will you......... ......... ........... ........... my dog
while I go in the drug store?
2. Kathys daughter has such short legs that she has a hard
time........ .......... .......... the other children.3. The store
had to.......... ........... a number of clerks because sales were
down.4. You must be anxious to go on your vacation. I certainly am.
Im really......... .......... .......... this trip.5. Dont
......... .......... ........... may be your jewelry wasnt stolen
after all.6. I need to find a new apartment. there might be some
vacancies in the building where I live. Ill......... ..........
........... ............. ............one.7. The company may lose
some money now, but............ .......... ............
............,this is a good investment.8. Alex complained that no
one invited him to any social events and that he felt.............
..............9. Can you hurry over here? I need to see you right
away. sure, Ill be there............. .......... ............10.
May I help you, sir? No, Im just looking around and trying
to........... some ............until my wife finishes shopping.11.
Has it stopped raining yet? No, but its beginning to .........
............ a little.12. I cant go to Daryl party this weekend. I
have to study. Guess were.......... ............ .............
............. Ive got to study too.:13. Should we stop and spend
the night at this motel? No, lets........... ........... driving
for a few more miles.14. If you find a baby animal in the woods,
dont touch it. Just ...........it .......15. I .........all over
town..........a good used car, but I couldnt find one.16. Stellas
sister............ .............her baby while Stella is at
work.17. If you dont know how to use this software, why dont you
ask Joanne to help? I did ask her, but Im still......... ..........
........... I didnt understand a word she said.18. The
police........... .............. the crime19. Did Amanda ever
complete her project? Shes almost finished. She just has a few
minor problems left to ............ ............20. Alfred is
........... ............ ............. with his boss because he
didnt finish an important project by the decline.21. Has Marilyn
gotten used to her new job at the bank yet? ? It took her awhile,
but I think shes finally.......... ........... ............
there.22. Are you........... ............. ............ this
proposal or against it?23. Are you familiar with this neighborhood?
I grew up here so I .......... it........... ...........
............. ............ my ..............24. Is your roommate at
home now? I have no idea. I can never........... ..........
............ his comings and goings25. I understand that you have a
new dean over at the Business School. Yes, his name is Dean
Nishimura. He has a completely different philosophy of business
education from the one Dean Woodford had, so Im sure that some big
changes are.......... ........... for us.LESSON 7
1. Look like; resemble Ging nh
2. Look out for ; be careful , cn thn
3. Look over; examine, read Xem xt, kim tra
4. Look up; find information, try to locate some one Tm kim thng
tin
5. Look up to; respect, admire Tn trng, knh trng
6. Make a fool of oneself; act embarrassingly Hnh ng rt lng tng,
bi ri
7. Make ends meet; balance a budget Tn tin, tit kim, thu vn
8. Make a point of; make a special effort Lm mt ci g qu sc
9. Make sense of; be logical and clear, understand Hiu mt cch
logc
10. Make up; invent, create Sng to, pht minh
11. Make up ones mind; decide Quyt nh
12. Make way for; allow space for , provide a path for Trnh ng,
cho qua
13. Mean to; intend to nh ni
14. Mixed up; confused B lung tung, b xo trn
15. Music to ones ears; something that sounds pleasant Khin ai
hi lng
16. A nervous wreck; someone who is very nervous Mt hy vng
17. Next to nothing; very little, cheap
Hu nh khng
18. No doubt about it; certainly, definitely Chc chn, nht nh
19. No harm done; there was no damage done khng b hng
20. Not at all; not in any way; not to any degree Khng c g, khng
ng
21. Not believe ones ears eyes; be unable to believe what one
hears or sees Khng tin vo mt/tai mnh na
22. Not think much of; not like, not have a good opinion of Khng
ging, khng c kin tt v
23. Odds and ends; small, miscellaneous items
Lt vt, mu tha
24. An old hand at; an experienced person Ngi c kinh nghim
25. On edge; nervous Hi hp
26. On end; consecutively, without a break Lin, lin tc
27. On hands; easily available D dng, c sn
28. On needless and pins; nervous, anxious Lo lng, lo u
29. On ones own; independent c lp
30. On second thought; after reconsidering Sau khi xem xt li
31. On the go; always busy, always moving Lun lun bn, lun lun di
chuyn
32. On the tip of the tongue; almost able to remember Mi nh y
m
33. On the whole; in general Ni chung, i khi
34. Out of something; not having something Khng c ci g
35. Out of ones mind; insane, illogical, irrational Ngi hay
qun
36. Out of order; broken, not functioning properly Hng hc
37. Out of the question; definitely not, impossible Khng chc
chn, khng th c
38. Over and over; again and again, repeatedly Lp i lp li
39. Over ones head; not understandable, obscure Khng th hiu c,
khng th thng cm c
EXERCISE
1. Have you......... .......... this contract yet? Not yet. Ill
try to read it this weekend.
2. I think Ill have the prime rib, waiter. Alright, sir. wait,
no, .......... ....... .........I think Ill have the chicken.3. Is
this story true, or did you just......... it ............4. You
cant get a soda from that machine. There is a sign on it that
says....... ......... .............5. Sherry .......... ..........
......... her father because of all the help and good advice hes
given her.6. I dont have much cash........... ........... , but I
can get some from an automatic teller machine.7. What a confusing
movie! I couldnt .......... ......... ........ it.8. You did a fine
job on this research paper, especially on the bibliography. Thanks.
I .......... ............ .......... ......... getting the
bibliography exactly right. I did it......... ......... .........
until it was perfect.9. whats Fritzs cousins name? its..........
........... ........... ........... my ............, but I cant
quite remember.10. Hello, Id like to reserve a room for this
weekend. Im afraid thats .......... ........... ..........
......... the hotel is fully booked this weekend.11. Do you have
any fresh peaches? Sorry, Im ......... ......... them. I just sold
the last crate of peaches.12. Listen to the roar of the engines.
Year, its......... ........ my.........I just love going to these
car races.13. The plane was delayed for hours......... ......... I
thought wed never get off the ground.14. Have you finished moving
into your new apartment? Almost. There are still a few........
........ ......... in my old apartment that I need to move
today.15. Brad sure is busy, isnt he? Yeah, hes involved in so many
activities that hes always......... .......... .............16.
There are so many interesting dishes on the menu that its hard for
me to......... .......... my......... which one to order.17. If you
go into the swamp, ........... .......... ..........alligators.18.
When will you be informed of the test results? Not until Monday, so
Ill be........ ........... ........... ..........all weekend.19. Do
you know what the capital of South Dakota is? Im not sure. Lets
.......it.........in this atlas.20. They are going to tear down
those old ware houses to....... ....... ....... a big new hotel.21.
I like that painting you bought. Did it cost much? No, the artist
sold it to me for.......... ........... ...........22. How was your
final exam. Laurier? A couple of questions were tricky, but........
.......... ........... It was pretty easy.23. Im sorry, I knocked
that vase over. I mean to .......... ......... .......... it wasnt
damaged.24. I must have been........ ........ my .........When I
signed the lease on this apartment. I cant afford this much
rent.25. He didnt ......... ......... break the plate. It was an
accident.26. I didnt know you could play horseshoes so well. Oh,
Im........ ........ ....... ......... Ive been playing since I was
a kid.27. You must be......... .......... this isnt River Street;
its Laurel Avenue.28. How long have you been living alone? Ive
been.........my........ since I graduated from high school.29. Did
you find that lecture boring? ........ .......... .........In fact,
I thought it was fascinating.30. Christine is so funny, she should
be a stand-up comic. I suppose, but a lot of her jokes go right
.........my.......I just dont get themLESSON 8
1. Part with; no longer have, get rid of, not be in the company
of La b, b
2. Pass up; not accept, not choose T chi, t b, khc t
3. Pass with flying colors; do very well on Lm rt tt
4. Pat oneself on the back; congratulate on oneself Khen ngi
ai/t khen mnh
5. Pay attention to; concentrate on, focus on Tp trung vo
6. Pick out; choose, select Chn ra
7. Pick up; take something from a surface. Go to a location and
get someone or something. Learn something without special training.
Bt c, nht ln
8. Pick up the tab for; pay for Tr cho
9. The picture of; a perfect example of something V d hon ho v
mt iu g
10. Play it by ear; do something without definite plan Lm vic g
khng c k hoch c th
11. Play it safe; choose a cautious plan Chn k hoch cn thn
12. Point out; indicate Ch ra, cho bit, ra du
13. A pretty penny; a lot of money Nhiu tin
14. Pull ones leg; joke with someone; make up a story Vui v vi
mt s ngi
15. Push ones luck; to continue doing something too long; to
keep taking chances C gng tm c hi
16. Put aside; save for later, set aside dnh, dnh dm
17. Put away; return something to its proper place Cn c
18. Put off; delay; post pone Hon li
19. Put on; begin to wear Lm ra v, khoc ci v
20. Put together; assemble Kt hp vi nhau
21. Put up with; tolerate Tha th, khoan dung
EXERCISE
1. Vanessa is allergic to tobacco smoke, so she cant .........
......... ........... smoking.
2. That conference you attended in Honolulu must have been very
expensive. Yes, but fortunately, the company I work for........
......... ......... ............ ..........it.3. I asked my teacher
to.......... .......... the mistaken t hat I made in my essay so
that I could correct them.4. What do you want to do tomorrow? I
dont know. Lets just......... ......... ........... ...........5.
You should get rid of that old leather jacket. I know, but I hate
to ......... ......... it. Ive had it for years.6. How did you
learn to make such beautiful pottery? Did you take a class in
ceramics? No, I just .........it.........on my own.7. Can you read
that sign? Just a minute. Let me.........my glasses........8. It
took Linda weeks to......... ......... that thousand piece jigsaw
puzzle.9. This bike cost......... ......... .......... , but I
think it was worth it.10. I passed the first two quizzes in this
class and I scarcely studied for them at all. Well, if I were you,
I wouldnt .......my.........any further. You should study for the
next quiz because its going to be a lot harder.11. Ill ..........
......... the laundry that you dropped off at the cleaners this
morning.12. The child ........... .......... her toys from the
floor and then.........them........in her toy box.13. Bert and Mary
had to.......... ......... their dinner party until next weekend
because Bert wasnt feeling well.14. Who........ .......... that tie
for you? No one, I chose it myself.15. Are you going to take that
job? No, I decided to......... it .........because I dont want to
relocate.16. .......... ........... as I read the directions or you
wont understand what to do.17. I finally finished cooking all the
materials I need to write my report. Great, but dont be too quick
to ......... yourself......... ......... ........... you still have
to write the report and then word process it.18. How did you do on
your final exams? Great! I......... them all........ ...........
............19. Im going to...........this magazine .............
for now and read it later.20. I wouldnt believe a word Lynn told
you. Shes just .......your.............LESSON 9
1. Right away; immediately Ngay lp tc
2. Ring a bell with; sound familiar to Nghe c quen vi
3. Rough it; experience somewhat difficult or primitive
conditions Thiu thn mi th
4. Rule out; say something is impossible; eliminate Tr ra, bc
b
5. Run a temperature; have a fever B st, lm cho xc ng
6. Run for office; try to get elected C gng c bu
7. Run into; meet unexpectedly, bump into, collide with Gp g tnh
c
8. Run late; be late, be in a hurry Rt vi, b mun
9. Run of the mill; ordinary Bnh thng, thng thng
10. Run out of ; exhaust supply of Chy ra khi
11. Save ones breath; dont bother asking someone ng lm phin
ai
12. Search me; I dont know; I have no idea; beats me Ti khng
bit, ti khng c kin
13. See eye to eye; have the same opinion; be in agreement s bng
lng, ng kin
14. see somebody off; accompany to an airport, station or train
station n ai
15. see to; take care of, check on, fix sa cha, nhn chm chm
16. serve one right; receive the proper punishment; get the
penalty one deserves nhn hnh pht ch ng
17. short for; a nick name for t tn ring cho
18. show around; orient; give a tour nh hng, gii thiu
19. show off; try to attract attention by unusual behavior khoe
khoang, ph trng
20. show up; arrive n
21. shut down; close ng
22. sign up for; enroll for a class, a course ng k mt kho hc
23. sing another tune; change ones opinion; feel differently
thay i kin, cm thy khc
24. size up; measure, estimate c lng, d ton
25. sleep on it; postpone a decision until the next day tr hon
mt quyt nh n ngy k tip
26. slowly but surely; gradually; steadily but not quickly chm m
chc
27. snowed under; very busy rt bn
28. so far, so good; up until now, there are no problems n by gi
vn tt
29. sooner or later; at some indefinite future time khng sm th
mun, trc sau g
30. speak ones mind; say what one is thinking ni iu g mnh
ngh
31. speak up; speak more loudly ni to, qut
32. speak up for; support verbally bin h cho ai
33. spell out for; make something very clear; explain in detail
gii thch chi tit
EXERCISE
1. Has John gone back to Minneapolis yet? Yes, I
just.........him........at the airport.
2. This pipe is leaking again. Wed better have a
plumber........... .........it3. I was late because I...........
............ ........... .......... gasoline.4. Write down your
ideas........... ............ if you wait to write them down, you
may forget them.5. When the factory............ ..........hundreds
of workers were laid off.6. Did you......... ...........
..........Professor Carmichaels class? No, I decided to take
Professor Knudsons class instead.7. Vickl, hows that project youre
working on coming along? ............ .........., ...........
..............,but the tricky part will be next week.8. Have you
ever heard of an actor named Anthony Reed? Hmmm. I dont think so,
The name doesnt ........... ........... ............. ...........
me at all.9. Frank doesnt take a hint very well, does he? No, you
have to..........things........... ............ Frank. He likes
everything crystal clear.10. Id heard that the clothes in this
store were very nice, but I found them....... ...........
........... ............11. Bennet thought those stories Tina told
about you were pretty funny. they werent funny, they were
embarrassing. Bennet would be......... ......... ...........if Tina
had told that kind of story about him.12. Norman doesnt like
to............. ............ when he goes on vacation. He prefers
to stay at luxury hotels.13. I dont like to go to parties too
early. Id rather........... ........... a little bit late.14. Its
expensive to.......... ........... ............ these days.
Political campaigns cost a lot of money.15. So, do you plan to buy
this motorcycle or not? Im still not sure. Can I...........
........... ............ and let you know tomorrow morning.16. Have
you seen the campus yet? Yes, my cousin Melissa is a student there,
and she..........me ...........17. Im collecting money for the Red
Cross. I think Ill ask Pat to contribute. ...........
your............Pat never contributes to anything.18. Are you going
to medical school? Not this year, but I wouldnt
...........it......... in the future.19. I ..........
.............. my old friend Leslie downtown yesterday. I hadnt
seen her for months.20. I understand youre learning how to speak
Russian. Yes, and it was really hard for me, especially at first.
Now, though, Im........... ............... ............. getting
the hang of it.21. your sisters name is Jessia? That s what
everyone calls her. Its............. ............ Jessica.22. Have
a busy night at the restaurant? We werent just busy. We
were............ ..............! Ive never seen so many
customers.23. I feel terrible. I have a terrible cold or maybe even
the flu. are you........... ............ .............? if you have
a fever, then you probably have the flu.24. My brother and I agree
on most issues, but I sure dont.......... ............
.............. ........... ...........him.........this proposal to
build a new stadium.LESSON 10
1. Spick and span; extremely clean, spotless Rt gn gng
2. Stack up against; compare with So snh vi
3. Stamp out; eliminate, wipe out Lau chi, c
4. Stand for; tolerate, put up with, symbolize; represent Tha
th, thay th cho, c ngha l
5. Stand out; be noticeable Kin tr, chng c, ng
6. Stay out; not come home ngoi khng v nh
7. Stay out or up to all hours; come home or go to bed very late
ngoi khng v nh
8. Stay up; not go to bed Khng ng nh, khng ng trn ging
9. Stick with; not change, stay with Khng thay i, vi
10. Stock up on; get a large supply of something D tr s lng
ln
11. A stones throw from; not far away from; close to Khng xa
12. Stop by; visit informally, go to see n chi khng bo trc
13. Straighten up; clean up, make tidy Sp xp gn li
14. Stuck with; have something one cant get rid of B mc kt
15. Take a break; stop working for a short time Ngh gii lao
16. Take a lot of nerve; require a lot of courage Yu cu phi mo
him, phi c lng dng cm
17. Take a lot out of someone; be hard on someone, drain energy
from someone. S bn rt
18. Take advantage of; utilize, make use of, exploit S dng, tn
dng, khai thc
19. Take after; resemble, look like ( an older relative)
Ging
20. Take apart; disassemble Tho ra, tho ri
21. Take it easy; relax, calm down Ngh ngi
EXERCISE
1.Vaccines have permitted doctors to virtually...........
........... a number of diseases, including small pox and
polio.
2. How late do you usually.......... ..........? Im normally in
bed by eleven on weekdays.
3. How late do you usually........... ............on weekends? I
sometimes dont come home until two or three in the morning.
4. Do you.......... .......... your mother or father? I dont
think I look much like either one of them.
5. Earl had no trouble.......... .......... the engine on the
lawn mower, but then he couldnt put it back together.
6. You look a little tired. why dont you.......... .........
.........and finish your homework later.?
7. The teacher wont ......... ......... cheating. When she
caught one student cheating on the midterm exam. She gave hem a
zero on that test.
8. I tried to find a buyer for this old car. Looks like
youre.......... ......... it for now.
9. My brother is going to invest all his savings in a new
business venture. That........... ............ ..........
.......... ........... Id be afraid to take a risk like that.:
10. I give up. I cant solve this chemistry problem. ...........
.......... it. Eventually, youll figure it out.
11. We have to leave the apartment.......... ............
.............. The landlord said that if it wasnt clean when we
moved out, wed lose part of our security deposit.
12. Don was wearing jeans and a T. shirt while all the other
guests had on formal dinner wear. He really............
..............
13. Im nervous about my interview. ............ ............
.............Youll make a better impression if youre relaxed.
14. The fifty stars on the American flag...........
.............. the fifty states.
15. Do you ........... ............. your apartment before
guests............ .............? A little bit, I dont mind if its
a little messy, but I dont want it to look like a disaster
area.
16. My new roommate is from Italy. You should............
.......... ........... this opportunity to learn some Italian.
17. I just heard on the news that the Florida orange crop was
damaged by the hurricane last week, and that orange juice prices
are going to go way up. If we dad a big freezer, we could..........
.......... ............ frozen orange juice now and we wouldnt have
to pay those prices.
18.Do you live near Cecillia? Oh, sure. My apartment building is
just.......... ........... .............. .............. hers.19.
So you ran in that I0 kilometer race? Yes, but it..............
.......... .............. ............ ..............me. I can
hardly move.
20. Tim, youve eaten at both these restaurants. How does Chez
Michelle............. ........... ........... the Oak Room? Oh,
they are both good. I think the Oak Room has slightly better food,
but the service is better at Chez Michelle.
LESSON 11
1. Take off; remove, ascend, become popular quickly Ci, b
2. Take over; assume control or responsibility Chuyn, ch, a,
dn
3. Take part in; participate in Tham d
4. Take a short cut; take a more direct or faster route than
usual Nhanh hn bnh thng
5. Take the plunge; finally take action or do something
different Lm vic g khc thng
6. Take time off; take a vacation or a break from work or school
Ngh php, ngh gii lao
7. Take up; begin to study some topic or engage in some activity
Thu ht, chon, chim
8. Talk down to; speak to someone as if she or he were a child;
patronize Chn hng
9. Talk into; persuade; convince Thuyt phc, lm cho tin
10. Talk out of; dissuade, convince not to do something Bn ra,
can ngn, ni ng lm
11. Talk over; discuss Tho lun, bn ci
12. Tear oneself away from something; stop doing something
interesting Ngng lm vic g
13. Tear up; rip into small pieces X
14. Tell apart; distinguish Nghe ra, nhn ra, phn bit
15. Things are looking up; the situation is improving Ci thin
tnh hnh
16. Think over; consider Ngh k
17. Throw away; discard, get rid of Vt i
18. Throw cold water on; discourage, force to cancel Chn nn, mt
ht can m
19. Throw the book on someone; give someone the maximum
punishment Hnh h ai, trng pht ai
20. Try on; test clothing before buying Th qun o trc khi mua
21. Try out; test a product before buying Th sn phm trc khi
mua
22. Try out for; audition for, attempt to join Th xem qun chng c
thch khng
EXERCISE
1. Youd better........... ........... these gloves before you
buy them; they may not fit.
2. At first, I didnt want to go to the party, but Im glad that
Annette ...........me...........it. It was fun.3. The spy..........
...........the document so that no one else could read it.4. The
twins look so much alike that almost no one can.........them
.........5. I need more excitement in my life Why dont you give up
stamp collecting and......... ........... skydiving instead?6. Who
made the final decision? All of the people who were at the
meeting........... ........ ......... the decision-making
process.7. Most air accidents take place when a plane is.........
........... or landing.8. Will your friend Scott be coming to the
reception? If he can .......... himself .......... ...........those
computer games hes always playing.9. Dan was afraid the judge would
......... ........... ............. ..............him because he
had been charged with the same offense several times.10. .........
............. your boots before you go into the house.11. I wish
Id.......... ............ this calculator before I bought it. It
doesnt seem to be working right.12. Marvin was going to drop out of
school, but his grandfather........ him ..........
.............it.13. Im not sure if this is a suitable topic for a
research paper. I need to ..........it............with my teacher
before I start writing.14. Im going to............ .............
those old newspapers. Dont just put them in the trash-recycle them
instead.15. Are you going on the class trip? I need to ..........it
..........before I decide.16. How did you get home so quickly? I
........... ........... ........... through the fields:17. So,
Louisa, you decided to .......... ............ for a part in the
play? Yes, Ive been interested in acting for quite a while, so I
finally decided to ........... ............. ..............18.
Akiko is going to...........some........... ............
............. teaching to finish writing her dissertation. LESSON
12
1. Turn around; face in a different direction Thay i hon ton
2. Turn down; reject an offer, decrease in intensity Khng tha
nhn, bc b, khc t
3. Turn in; return, give back, hand in, go to bed Quay li, tr
li
4. Turn into; change to, transform into Thay i ti
5. Turn off; stop the operation, shut off Tt, kho
6. Turn on; start the operation Bt, m
7. Turn out; result, end up, be the final product, arrive,
gather Sa thi, ui, kt lun
8. Turn up; increase in intensity, arrive Lt ln, xi ln, vn
ln
9. Under the weather; slightly ill Khng kho
10. Use up; use completely Tn dng, dng cho n kit
11. Wait on; serve Phc v, hu h
12. Walk on air; be very happy Rt hnh phc
13. Warm up; heat, practice, prepare for Lm cho nng, lm cho m,
tr nn si ni
14. Watch out for; be alert, look out for phng
15. Wear out; become no longer useful because of wear Lm cho mn
hn, mn, hao mn
16. What the doctor ordered; exactly what was needed; the
perfect thing Chnh xc cn ci g
17. Wipe out; eliminate, stamp out Dp tt, dp b
18. Without a hitch; without a problem Khng vn g
19. Work out; exercise, bring to a successful conclusion, solve
Ti u, n u, ra sao, kt thc
EXERCISE
1. The story of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde is about a scientist
who......... ........ a monster after drinking a chemical
position.
2. ........... ............. the water or the tub will
overflow.3. Its warm in here. Could you........... ............ the
heater a little.?4. I love that song. Could you.........
............ the radio a little?5. I cant see a thing.
Please........ ............ the light.6. This sweater looked nice
when it was new, but now its........... ............7. Im hungry!
why dont you........... ........... some of the leftovers that are
in the refrigerator? You can use the microwave oven.8. Not many
people.......... ........... for the meeting last night.9. Its been
a rough day. Im going to........... ........... early and get a
good nights sleep.10. How about a nice cup of hot tea? Thats
exactly what Im in the mood for. Its just........... ............
............. ................11. How was your presentation. Great.
It went off........... ........... ............12. Im going to the
gym to .......... ............ on the exercise machines.13. If you
are on a crowded bus or subway car, you must........... ...........
............. pick pockets.14. A bear! I dont see a bear! Where is
it? ............ .............. slowly. Its right behind you15.
Maria had quite a few problems last year, but she.........them
all.......... 16. Dont ask me to .......... ........... you! Im not
your servant.17. Brian was offered the manager job but he..........
it............He said he didnt want the responsibility.18. Before
the game starts, the players need to........... ............19.
This cake Holly baked for the wedding........... ........... very
well, dont you think? Yes, indeed. It was delicious.20. Michell
looked pale and tired. He told me he was feeling a little .........
.......... ............21. You must be happy about getting that
scholarship Are you kidding? Im still............ ...........MAIN
PROBLEM IN READING COMPREHENSION
1. Reading for main ideas (10 percent)
By previewing, you can form a general idea of what a reading
passages is about; that is, you identify the topic. By reading for
main ideas, you identify the point of view of the author - that is,
what the writers thesis is. Specifically, what does the author
purpose to write the topic? The main idea usually comes at the
beginning of a reading passage
Sample questions:
The primary idea of the passage is . . .
What is the main idea of the passage?
Which of the following best summarizes the authors main idea
What does the passage mainly discuss?
The answer choice must be not
1. too specific
2. too general
3. incorrect according to the passage
4. irrelevant (unrelated) to the main idea of the passage
Main purpose questions
What is the authors main purpose in the passage?
Why did the author write the passage?
The main point of the passage is. . .
The authors purpose in writing is. . .
2. Using contexts for vocabulary (26 percent)
In English, a context is the combination of vocabulary and
grammar that surrounds a word. Context can be a sentence or a
paragraph or a passage. Context helps you make a general prediction
about meaning. If you know the general meaning of a sentence, you
also know the general meaning of the words in the sentence. Most of
the question asks about single words (usually nouns, verb,
adjectives, and adverb)
In ordinary reading, there are a number of clues that can help
you determine the meaning of an unknown word.
2.1. Synonyms
2.2. Contrast
2.3. General context
You should follow these steps to answer vocabulary in context
items
A. Look at the word being asked about and the four possible
answer choices. If you are familiar with the word guess which
answer is correct.
B. Read the sentence in which the word appears. If you are
familiar with the word guess at the answer, make sure that the word
you chose fits with the word as it is used in the sentence. If you
are unfamiliar with the word, see if context clues in the sentence
or in the sentence before or after to help you guess the
meaning.
C. If you are not sure, make the best guess you can and go
on
3. Scanning for details (4 percent)
First read a question and find the important content words.
Content words are usually nouns, verbs, or adjectives. They are
called content words because they contain the content or meaning of
a sentence.
Next, let your eyes travel quickly over the passage for the same
content words or synonyms of the words. This is called Scanning. By
scanning, you can find a place in the reading passage where the
answer to a question is found.
Finally, read those specific sentences carefully and choose the
answer that correspond to the meaning of the sentence you have
read.
4. Making inference (12 percent)
An inference is a logical conclusion based on evidence. It can
be about the passage itself or about the authors view point.
Sometimes, in a reading passage, you will find a direct
statement of fact. That is called evidence. But other times, you
wont find a direct statement. Then you will need to use the
evidence you have to make an inference.
Sample questions:
4.1. Which of the following can be inferred from the
passage?
4.2. It can be inferred from the passage that. . .
4.3. The author implies that. . .
4.4. Which of the following does the passage imply?
4.5. Which of the following would be the most reasonable guess
about. . .?
4.6. The author suggest that. . .
4.7. It is probable that. . .
5. Identifying exceptions (9 percent)
After reading a passage on the TOEFL, you will be asked to
select from four possible answers the on that is not mentioned in
the reading. Use your scanning skills to locate related words and
phrases in the passage, and the answer choices.
Sample questions:
5.1. According to the passage, all of the following are true
except
5.2. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage
5.3. Which of the following is least likely. . .?
6. Locating reference (10 percent)
After reading a passage on the TOEFL, you will be asked to find
the antecedent of a pronoun. An antecedent is a word or phrase to
which a pronoun refers. Usually, you will be given a pronoun such
as it, its, them or their and you will be asked to locate the
reference word or phrase in the passage.
Then read the sentence using the four answer choices in place of
pronoun. The meaning of the sentence in the context of the passage
will not change when you substitute the correct antencedent.
7. Referring to the passage (24 percent)
After reading the passage on the TOEFL, you will be asked to
find certain information in the passage and identify it by line
number.
First, reading the question. Then refer to the line numbers in
the answer choices to scan for the information in the question.
Sample question:
7.1. In what line does the author shift his focus to. . .?
7.2. Where in the passage does the author first discuss?
7.3. A description of . . . . can be found in . . .
7.4. Where in the passage does the author specifically
stress.?
7.5. In what paragraph does the author first mention the concept
of. . .?
Exercise for main topic sentence
PASSAGE 1
There are two main types of cell division. Most cells are
produced by a process called mitosis. In mitosis, a cell divides
and forms two identical daughter cells, each with an identical
number of chromosomes. Most one-called creatures reproduce by this
method, as do most of the cells in multi-celled plants and animals.
Sex cells, however, are formed in a special type of cell division
called meiosis. This process reduces the number of chromosomes in a
sex cell to half number found in other kinds of cells. Then, when
sex cells unite, they produce a single cell with the original
number of chromosomes.
1. What is the main topic of this passage?
A. The method by which one-celled organisms reproduce
B. A comparison between mitosis meiosis
C. Meiosis, the process by which identical cells are
produced
New word:
Mitosis: Chromosome:
Meiosis:Organism:
PASSAGE 2
The last gold rush belongs as much to Canadian history as it
does to American. The discovery of gold along the Klondike River,
which flows Canadas Yukon Territory in Alaska, drew some 30,000
fortune hunters to the north. The Yuko became a territory and its
capital of the time, Dawson, wouldnt have existed without the gold
rush. The gold strike furnished material for a dozen of Jack
Londons novels, it inspired Robert Service to write The Shooting of
Dan Mc Grew and other poems, and it provides the background for the
wonderful Charlie Chaplin movie, The Gold Rush. It also marked the
beginning of modern Alaska.
1.The authors main purpose in writing is to
A. Discuss the significance of mining in Canada and the United
States.
B. Show the influence of the Klondike gold on the creative
arts.
C. Point out the significance of the Klondike gold strike.
PASSAGE 3
The keystone arch was used by almost every early civilization.
To build a keystone arch, stones are cut so that the opposite sides
taper toward each other slightly. The upper and lower surfaces are
carved so that when several stones are placed side by side, the
upper and lower surfaces meet in smooth, continuous curves. Some
form of scaffolding is built under the arch and shaped to accept
the curved underside of the stones, the last to be dropped into
position. Afterwards, the scaffolding is removed and the arch is
self-suppording.
1. The passage mainly concerns
A. The basic principles of building keystone arches
B. The uses of arches in modern architecture
C. The role of scaffolding in building keystone arches
New word:
Keystone:Arch:
Carver:Scaffolding
PASSAGE 4
Circumstantial evidence is evidence not drawn from the direct
observation of a fact. If, for example, there is evidence that a
piece of rock embedded in a wrapped chocolate bar is the same type
of rock found in the vicinity of the candy factory, and that rock
of this type is found in few other places, then there is
circumstantial evidende that the stone found its way into the candy
during manufacture and suggests that the candy maker was negligent.
Despite a popular notion to look down on the quality of
circumstantial evidence, it is of great usefulness if there is
enough of it and if it is properly interpreted. Each circumstance,
taken singly, may mean little, but a whole chain of circumstances
can be as conclusive as direct evidence.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. A manufacturers negligence can be shown by direct evidence
only
B. Enough circumstantial evidence is as persuasive as direct
evidence
C. Circumstantial evidence can be very useful
New word:
Circumstantial:Evidence:
Embed:Vicinity:
Negligent:Notion:
Interpret:Conclusive:
PASSAGE 5
The Northwest Ordinance was passed by Congress in 1787. It set
up the government structure of the region north of the Ohio River
and west of Pennsylvania, then called the Northwest Territory. It
set the conditions under which parts of the territory could become
states having equality with the older states. But the ordinance was
more than just a plan for government. The law also guaranteed
freedom of religion and trial by jury in the school to be built for
each township. It also abolishes slavery in the Territory.
Eventually, the Territory became the states of Ohio, Indiana,
Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin.
1. What is the main topic of this passage
A. The structure of government
B. The provisions of an important law
C. The establishment of schools in the Northwest Territory
New word:
Ordinance:Guarantee:
Trial:Township:
Abolish:Provision:
PASSAGE 6
The story of the motel business from 1920 to the start of World
War II in 1941 is one of uninterrupted growth. Motels spread from
the West and the Midwest all the way to Maine and Florida. They
clustered along transcontinental highways such as U.S Routes 40 and
66 and along the north-south routes running up an down both the
East and West coasts. There were 16,000 motels by 1930 and 24,000
by 1940. The motel industry was one of the few industies that was
not hurt by the Depression of 1930s. Their cheap rates attracted
travelers who had very little money.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. How the Depression hurt US motels
B. The impact of transcontinental highways
C. Two decades of growth for the motel industry
New word
Cluster:Transcontinental:
Depression:Uninterrupted:
PASSAGE 7
An old proverb states, Beware of oak, it draws the stroke. This
saying is handy during thunderstorm season. In general, trees with
deep roots that tap into groundwater attract more lightning than do
trees with shallow, drier roots. Oaks are around 50 times more
likely to be struck than beeches. Spruces are nearly as safe as
beeches. Pines are not safe as these two, but are still much safer
than oaks.
1. What is the authors main point?
A. Old proverbs often contain important truths
B. Trees with shallow roots are more likely to avoid lightning
than those with deep roots
C. The deeper a trees roots, the safer it is during a
thunderstorm
New word
Oak:Stroke:
Handy:Root:
Tap:Shallow:
Spruce:Pine:
PASSAGE 8
Alternative history is generally classified as a type of science
fiction, but it also bears some relation to historical fiction.
This type of writing describes an imaginary world that is identical
to ours up to a certain point in history, but at that point, the
two worlds diverge, some important historical event takes place in
one world but not in the other, and they go in different
directions. Alternative histories might describe words in which the
Roman Empire had never fallen, in which the Spanish Amanda had been
victorious, or in which the South had won the Civil War. Or they
may suppose that some technology had been introduced earlier in the
worlds history than actually happened. For example, what
interesting because of the way they stimulate the imagination and
get them thinking about the phenomenon of cause and effect in
history.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Alternative histories describe worlds in which history has
taken another course
B. Alternative histories are a type of historical novel
C. Science fiction writes have accurately predicted certain
actual scientific developments
New word
Alternative:Diverge:
Stimulate:Phenomenon:
PASSAGE 9
Until the late 1700s, metal couldnt be turned on a lathe to make
it uniformly smooth and round. The operator couldnt guide the
cutting tool evenly by hand against the turning piece. This problem
was solved by David Wilkinson of Pawtucket, Rhode Island. In 1798
he invented a machine in which the cutter was clamped into a
moveable slide that could be advanced precisely, by hand crank,
parallel to the work. The slide rest, as it came to be called, has
many uses. It permits the manufacture of parts so uniform that they
can be interchanged. Without is, mass production would not have
been possible. As it turns out, the great English machinist Hennry
Maudsley developed nearly the same mechanism a few years before,
but this was unknown to Wilkinson and doesnt diminish his
accomplishment.
1. Why did the author write this passage?
A. To prove that Wilkinsons invention was based on Maudsleys
B. To demonstrate the importance of mass production to American
society
C. To show the usefulness of Wilkinsons invention
New word
Lather:Evenly:
Hand crank:Demonstrate:
PASSAGE 10
Almost every form of transportation has given someone the idea
for a new type of toy. After the Montgolfier brother flew the first
balloon, toy balloons became popular playthings. In the nineteenth
century, soon after railroads and steamships were developed, every
child had to have model trans and steamboats. The sam held true for
automobiles and airplanes in the early twentieth century. Toys
rockets and missiles became popular at the beginning of the space
age, and by the 1980s, there were many different version of space
shuttle toys.
1. The main idea of this passage is that
A. Inventors have been inspired by toys to build new forms of
transportation
B. Toy automobiles and airplanes were very popular in the early
1900s
C. Toy design has followed developments in transportation
PASSAGE 11
American folk music originated with ordinary people at a time
when the rural population was isolated and music was not yet spread
by radio, records, or music videos. It was transmitted by oral
tradition and is noted for its energy, humor, and emotional impact.
The major source of early American folk song was music from the
British Isles, but songs from Africa as well as song of the
American Indians have a significant part in its heritage. Later
settlers from other countries also contributed songs. In the
nineteenth century, composer Steven Foster wrote some of the most
enduringly popular of all American songs, which soon became part of
the folk tradition. Beginning in the 1930s, Woody Guthric gained
great popularity by adapting traditional melodies and lyrics and
supplying new ones as well. In the 1950s and 1960s, signer
composers such as Pete Seeger, Bob Dylan, and joan Baez continued
this tradition by creating urban folk music. Many of these songs
deal with important social issues, such as racial integration and
the war in Vietnam.
1. The primary purpose of this passage is to
A. Explain the oral tradition
B. Contrast the styles of folk musicians
Originate:Transmit:
Impact:Enduringly:
Lyrics:Integration:
PASSAGE 12
Every scientific discipline tens to develop its own special
language because it finds ordinary words inadequate, and psychology
is no different. The purpose of this special jargon is not to
mystify non-psychologists, rather, it allows psychologists to
accurately describe the phenomena they are discussing and to
communicate with each other effectively. Of course, psychological
terminologists use these words somewhat differently. For example,
laymen use the term anxiety to mean nervousness or fear, but most
psychologists reserve the term to describe a condition produced
when one fears events over which one has no control
1. The main topic of this passage is
A. Effective communication
B. The special language of psychology
C. Two definitions of the word anxiety
D. The jargon of science
New word
Discipline:Jargon:
Terminology:Inadequate:
PASSAGE 13
Gifford Pinchot was the first professionally trained forester in
the United States. After he graduated from Yale in 1889, he studied
forestry in Europe. In the 1890s he managed the forest on the
Biltmore estate in North Carolina (now Pisgah National Forest) and
conservation was persuading President Theodore Rooverlt to set
aside millions of acres in the West as forest reserves. These lands
now make up much of the national parks and national forests of the
United States. Pinchot became the chief forester of the US Forest
Service in 1905. Although he held that post for only five years, he
established guidelines that set forest policy for decades to
come.
1. The passage primarily deals with
A. Gifford Pinchots work on the Biltmore Estate
B. The practice and theory of scientific forestry
C. The origin of national parks and national forests in the
United States
D. The contributions Gifford Pinchot made to American
forestry
New word
Forester:Persuade:
Post:Guideline:
PASSAGE 14
Off-Broad-Way theater developed in New York city in about 1950
as a result of dissatisfaction with conditions on Broadway. Its
founders believed that Broadway was overly concerned with producing
safe, commercially successful hit plays rather than drama with
artistic quality. Off-Broadway producers triad to assist
playwrights, directors, and performers who could not find work on
Broadway. Off-Broad theaters were poorly equipment, has limited
seating, and provided few conveniences for audiences. But the
originality of the scripts, the creativity of the performers, and
the low cost of tickets made up for these disadvantages, and
Off-Broadway proposed. However, by the 1960s, costs began to rise,
and the 1970s, Off-Broadway theater was encountering many of the
difficulties and had lost much of its vitality. With its decline, a
experiment movement called Off-Off Broadway theater developed.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. After initial success, Off-Broadway theater began to
decline.
B. Off-Broadway theaters produced many hit commercial plays.
C. Theaters on Broadway were not well equipment.
D. Off Broadway plays were highly creative.
2. The paragraph that follow this passage most likely deals,
with
A. The help Off-Broadway producers provided directors,
playwrights, and performers
B. Methods Off-Broadway producers provided directors, use to
cope with rising prices
C. The development of Off-Broadway theater
D. The decline of Broadway theater
New word
Prosper:Encounter:
Vitality:Decline:
PASSAGE 15
At the time of first European contact, there were from 500 to
700 languages spoken by North American Indians. These were divided
into some 60 language families, with no demonstrable genetic
relationship among them. Some of these families spread across
several of the seven cultural areas. The Algonquin family, for
instance, contained dozens of languages and occupied a vast
territory. Speakers of Algonquin languages included the Algonquins
of the Eastern Woodland, the Blackfoots of the Plains and the
Wiyots and Yuroks of California. Other language families, like the
Zuni family of the Southwest, occupy only a few square miles of
area and contain only a single tribal language.