TOEFL Appetizer

APPETIZER FOR TOEFL (PBT)

BY

CB(COACH BARANS)

TEST OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

THESE LESSONS ARE ONLY ABOUT STRUCTURES, TIPS, AND TRICKS. THEY WILL BE USELESS, IF YOU DO NOT

MASTER VOCABULARIES…

BAD SCENARIO IN TOEFLSECTION 1: LISTENING COMPREHENSION GROGI

SECTION 2: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION PUSING

SECTION 3: READING COMPREHENSION NGANTUK

+ BOLAK BALIK KE TOILET.

STRUCTURE AND WRITEN EXPRESSION

STRUCTURE

WORD

PHRASE CLAUSE

SENTENCE

WORDSNOUNVERB

ADJECTIVEADVERB

PREPOSITIONCONNECTOR

NOUNSPLACES

PERSONSNAMESTHINGS

Taken from Longman

Taken from Longman

NOUNS

FUNCTIONS:1.AS A SUBJECT2.AS AN OBJECT

VERBSACTION VERBS

AUXILLIARY VERBS

ACTION VERBS

VERB 1 VERB 2 VERB 3 VERB ING

WALK (S) WALKED WALKED WALKING

WRITE (S) WROTE WRITTEN WRITING

THINK(S) THOUGHT THOUGHT THINKING

Taken from Longman

AUXILLIARY VERBS1. TO BE

(AM , IS, ARE, WAS, WERE, BE, BEEN)2. PERFECT ASPECT (HAS, HAVE, HAD)

3. MODALS(WILL, WOULD, CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT,

SHALL, SHOULD, MUST, etc.)4. DO, DOES, DID

ADJECTIVES

OSIASCOMP

OPINIONSIZEAGESHAPECOLORORIGINMATERIALPURPOSE

Taken from Longman

ADJECTIVE

FUNCTIONS

ADJECTIVE

BEAUTIFUL

NOUNGIRLS

ADVERBSVERBSINGARE

ADVERBBEAUTIFULLYCOMMONLY

(USING/USED)

ADVERBORIGINALLY

ADJECTIVECRISPY

ADVERBINCREDIBLY

ADVERBQUICKLY

PREPOSITIONS

IN, ON, AT, TO,ETC.IN SEMARANGON THE TABLE

AT THE CAMPUSTO THE TOILET

CONNECTORS

WILL BE EXPLAINED LATER…

PHRASES, CLAUSE, SENTENCE

EXTREMELY FAST

TO THE TOILET

PAIJO IS RUNNING PAIJO IS RUNNING EXTREMELY FAST TO THE TOILET

STRUCTURE SKILLS

1. RECOGNIZING SUBJECT & VERB (CLAUSE)

S + V

Example 1ONE CLAUSE

Engineers _____ for the projecta) necessaryb)are neededc) Hopefullyd)Next month

CONNECTOR

AND, BUT, OR, BECAUSE, IF, WHO, THAT, WHICH, etc.

MULTIPLE CLAUSE

She was pleased with what she had done although she was surprised at the results.

Although she was surprised at the result, she was pleased with what she had done.

EXAMPLE 2AMULTIPLE CLAUSES

______ were late, we missed the class

a) Web) Becausec) The traind) Since they

• She was pleased with what she had done although she was surprised at the results.• She was pleased with what she had done

although surprised at the result.• Although she was surprised at the result,

she was pleased with what she had done.• Although surprised at the result, she was

pleased with what she had done.

EXAMPLE 2BMULTIPLE CLAUSES

When______ , you are free to leavea) The finished reportb) Finished with the reportc) The reportd) Is the report

SUMPELAN

The principal is meeting with his staffs.

The principal who is now preparing to give a speech is meeting with his staffs.

EXAMPLE 3

The gift ____ selected for her is too expensive

a) Becauseb) Wasc) Sinced) Which you

SUMPELAN [aktif]

The principle is meeting with his staffs.The principle who is now preparing to

give a speech is meeting with his staffs.

The principle now preparing to give a speech is meeting with his staffs.

Now preparing to give a speech, The principle is meeting with his staffs.

EXAMPLE 4A

______ on several television program, the witness gave conflicting account to what had happened.

a) He appearedb) Who appearedc) Appearingd) Appears

SUMPELAN [pasif]

The principal’s office is very spacious.The principal’s office which is located

near our classroom is very spacious.The principal’s office located near our

classroom is very spacious.Located near our classroom, the

principal’s office is very spacious.

EXAMPLE 4B

______ behind government secrecy for nearly half a century, the Hanford plant in central Washington produced plutonium for the nuclear weapons of the Cold War.

a) It is hiddenb) Hiddenc) Which is hiddend) The plant is hiding

WRITTEN EXPRESSIONS SKILL

S & V MUST AGREE

LISTEN TO THIS SONG

TO BE (AM , IS, ARE, WAS, WERE, BE, BEEN)

+V ING (ACTIVE) / V 3 (PASSIVE) / NOUNS / ADJECTIVES / ADVERBS /

PREPOSITIONS

S & V MUST AGREE

EXAMPLE 5

The Smiths are build their house on some properties

that they own in the desert.

S & V MUST AGREE

PERFECT ASPECT (HAS, HAVE, HAD)

+V 3

EXAMPLE 6

Linus Pauling has wins two Nobel Prizes: the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize.

S & V MUST AGREE

MODALS(WILL, WOULD, CAN, COULD, MAY,

MIGHT, SHALL, SHOULD, MUST, etc.)+

V 1

EXAMPLE 7

The students must took the exam at ten in the morning.

PARALLELISM

BOTH… ANDEITHER …..OR

NEITHER …..NORNOT ONLY… BUT ALSO

V ING, V ING, AND V INGTO …, TO…, AND TO…

NOUN, NOUN, AND NOUN

EXAMPLE 8

Fire extinguishers can contain liquefied gas, dry chemicals, or watery.

EXAMPLE 9

A bankruptcy may be either voluntary nor involuntary.

COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE

….er than …more…than…

The …est (in/of/that)…The most… (in/of/that)…

EXAMPLE 10

1. between Europe and Asia is the Caspian sea, which is known as the world’s most big lake.

2. of all students in the school, Ronny is better.

EXAMPLE 11(ADJECTIVE & ADVERB)

Based on history, Venus is the goddess Roman of love.

American are destroying rapidly wetlands, faster than an acre every two minutes.

LISTENING

–Part A

–Part B

–Part C

PART A

– Focus on the last line.– Avoid similar sound.– Choose synonym.–Who, What, & Where.– Double negative.– Almost Negative.– Expression of agreement, uncertainty,

suggestion & surprise.– Contrary result.– Two-and-three part– Idioms.

FOCUS ON THE LAST LINE (4 part a)

(woman) Are you enjoying your coffee?(man) It tastes extremely bitter this

morning!(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?

- The key word is always on the last line TASTES EXTREMELY BITTER

AVOID SIMILAR SOUND (4 part a)(woman) Are you enjoying your coffee?(man) It tastes extremely bitter this

morning!(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?

a.The coffee is much BETTER this morning

b.The coffee TASTES EXTREMELY good.

c.The coffee isn’t very good.

d.This morning he DEFINITELY wants some coffee

CHOOSE SYNONYM (4 part a)(woman) Are you enjoying your coffee?(man) It tastes extremely bitter this

morning!(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?

a.The coffee is much better this morning

b.The coffee tastes extremely good.

c.The coffee ISN’T VERY GOOD.

d.This morning he definitely wants some coffee

WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (30)(woman) Can you tell me what assignments

I missed when I was absent from your class?

(man) You missed one homework assignment and a quiz.

(narrator) WHO IS THE MAN?

a.A newspaper editor

b.A police officer

c.A teacher

d.A student

WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (2)(woman) Are you going to read those books

here in the library? (man) I think I’d rather check them out now

and take them home(narrator) WHAT WILL THE MAN

PROBABLY DO?

a.Sit down in the library

b.Look for some more books

c.Return the books to the shelves

d.Go to the circulation desk

WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (3)(woman) Are you going into the water, or are

you just going to lie there on the sand?(man) I think I need to put some suntan lotion(narrator) WHERE DOES THIS

CONVERSATION PROBABLY TAKE PLACE?

a.At a beauty salon

b.A the beach

c.In a sandbox

d.At an outdoor restaurant

DOUBLE NEGATIVE (13)(woman) I can’t believe the news that I

heard about the concert(man) Well, it isn’t impossible for the

concert to take place(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY

ABOUT THE CONCERT?

a.There’s no possibility that the concert will take place

b.The concert will definitely not take place

c.The concert might take place

d.The concert can’t take place

ALMOST NEGATIVE (15)(woman) Were you able to pay the electric

bill? (man) I had barely enough money. (narrator) What does the man imply?

a.He had plenty of money for the bill

b.He did not have enough money for the bill

c.He paid the bill but has no money left

d.He was unable to pay the bill

ALMOST NEGATIVE

Hardly, Nearly, Barely, Scarcely, Only

(almost none)Almost, Seldom(almost never)

are grouped as Almost negative word.

AGREEMENT EXPRESSION (21)(man) I think that the hypothesis is

indefensible (woman) So do I (narrator) What does the woman mean?

a.She is unsure about the hypothesis

b.The hippopotamus is behind the fence

c.She thinks that the hypothesis can be defended

d.She agrees with the man

UNCERTAINITY EXPRESSION (24)(man) Do you know anything about the

final exam in physics? (woman) It’s going to be rather difficult,

isn’t it? (narrator) What does the woman mean?

a.The exam is not going to be difficult

b.She’s positive that’s it’s going to be hard.

c.She thinks that it might be hard

d.She has no idea about the exam

SUGGESTION EXPRESSION (25)(man) I’ll never have time to type my

paper tomorrow(woman) Why not do it now? (narrator) What does the woman

suggest?

a.Finishing the paper

b.Not working on the paper now

c.Never typing the paper

d.Taking time out from the paper now

EXPRESSION OF SURPRISE (27)(woman) Did you see Paul driving around

in his Mustang(man) Then he DID get a new car(narrator) What had the man thought?

a.Paul would definitely get a Mustang

b.Paul did not know how to drive

c.Paul did not like mustangs

d.Paul would not get a new car

CONTRARY (4 tr4)(woman) It’s too bad that you have to stay

here and work during the school break(man) I really wish I could go with you and

the others to Palm springs(narrator) What does the man thought?

a.Maybe he will go with the others on the trip

b.He is unable to go on the trip

c.He’s happy to be going on the trip

d.He’s going on the trip, but not with the others

CONTRARY (6)(man) Do you think that you’ll be able to go

to the party?(woman) If I had time, I would go(narrator) What does the woman say

about the party?

a.Maybe she’ll go

b.She has time, so she‘ll go

c.She is going even if she doesn’t have time

d.It’s impossible to go

TWO-AND THREE-PART VERBS (10)

(man) What time does the meeting start?(woman) Didn’t you hear that it was

called off by the director?(narrator) What does the woman say

about the meeting?

a.The director called a meeting

b.The director called the meeting to order

c.The director phoned her about the meeting

d.The director canceled the meeting.

TWO-AND THREE-PART VERBS

A. STOP IT F. MANAGE

B. GET REVENGE AGAINST G. ADVANCE

C. RECOVER FROM H. THROW AWAY

D. DECREASE IT I. STOP THE SUPPLY OF

E. BE FRIENDLY J. IMPLY

TAKEN FROM LONGMAN

• He’s been smoking too much. He really needs to cut down.

• The company had to cut off the electricity because the bill was unpaid.

• He kept teasing hard because he really wants to get ahead.

• She is such a nice person that she is easily able to get along with everyone.

• She was sick for several weeks, but she has started to get over it.

TAKEN FROM LONGMAN

• Could you explain a little more clearly I really don’t understand what you are trying to get at.

• When he stole some money from her, she really wanted to do something to get back at him.

• We have enough money to get by for a few months, we won’t have a lot of extras, but we will survive.

• There are too many clothes in my closet. I need to get rid of some of them.

IDIOMS (12)(man) Tom is a full-time student and is

holding down a full-time job(woman) He’s really burning the candle

at both ends(narrator) What does the woman say

about the meeting?

a.He’s lighting a candle

b.He’s holding the candle at the top and the bottom

c.He’s doing too much

d.He’s working as a firefighter

IDIOMS

1.Get ahead = Achieve Success.2.All in the same boat = all in the same

situation.3.Cut down = reduce.4.Strike while the iron is hot = take the

opportunity.5.Come down with something = feeling sick.6.Let sleeping dog lie = leaving it alone.7.Brush it off = forget about…and keep trying…8.Head and shoulder above = the best.9.Get along together = work well together.10.Off the hook = no longer responsible.

Reading

WORDS PARTSPART MEANIN

GEXAMPLE PART MEANIN

GEXAMPLE

CEED / CEDE

GO PROCEED RUPT BREAK ERUPT

JECT THROW EJECT SCRIPT WRITE DESCRIBE

PORT CARRY PORTABLE VIV LIVE SURVIVE

CIR ROUND CIRCULATE EX OUT EXIT

IN IN INCLUDE RE BACK RETURN

SUB UNDER SUBWAY TELE FAR TELEPHONE

TRANS ACROSS TRANS ATLANTIC

PRE BEFORE PREVIOUS

POST AFTER POSTPONE BENE GOOD BENEFIT

MAL BAD MALFUNCTION EU GOOD EUPHEMISM

DIS BAD DISFUNCTION PHOBIA FEAR CLAUSTROPHOBIA

WORDS PARTSPART MEANIN

GEXAMPLE PART MEANIN

GEXAMPLE

CONTRA AGAINST CONTRAST DIC SAY DICTATE

MIS ERROR MISTAKE DOMIN MASTER DOMINANT

DEC TEN DECADE JUD JUDGE JUDGMENT

MOR DEATH MORTTAL MULTI MANY MULTIPLE

SPEC SEE SPECTATOR SOL ONE SOLO

TERR EARTH TERRITORY TRI THREE TRIPLE

CORP BODY CORPORATION GEO EARTH GEOLOGY

HYDR WATER HYDROPLANE DENT TEETH DENTIST

PYR FIRE PYROTECHNIC CAP HEAD CAPTAIN

ASTR STAR ASTRONOUT DERM SKIN DERMATOLOGIST

The word ”malpractice” in line 4 is closest in the meaning to

A.ReligionB. FlagC. CarelessD.agreement

In line 9, The word “decades” is closest in meaning to

A.MonthsB. CenturiesC. Long epochD.Ten-year periods

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