Todos los derechos reservados para XM S.A E.S.P. Luis Alejandro Camargo S. Wholesale Market Manager XM S.A. E.S.P. Colombian Market Stress Experiences.

Todos los derechos reservados para XM S.A E.S.P.

Luis Alejandro Camargo S.

Wholesale Market Manager

XM S.A. E.S.P.

Colombian Market Stress Experiences

2

Situation: Terrorism on Power Lines

3

Terrorist Attacks To The Transmission Grid

Terrorism against the National high voltage Grid SystemTerrorism against the National high voltage Grid System

79

454

282

483

329

127172161 140

45102

130

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Atentados

Torres Derribadas

No. Attacks Towers down

4

We operated “n- 55” in May of 2002

Number of lines out of service(Aug 99 - jun 04)

55

38 38

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

Ago

-99

Oct

-99

Dic

-99

Feb

-00

Abr

-00

Jun-

00

Ago

-00

Oct

-00

Dic

-00

Feb

-01

Abr

-01

Jun-

01

Ago

-01

Oct

-01

Dic

-01

Feb

-02

Abr

-02

Jun-

02

Ago

-02

Oct

-02

Dic

-02

Feb

-03

Abr

-03

Jun-

03

Ago

-03

Oct

-03

Dic

-03

Feb

-04

Abr

-04

Jun-

04

Month

Nu

mb

er

of

line

s

5

Despite the attacks, no overall blackouts have affected the market

Non-served demand (as a percentage of the annual electricity demand)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

ene-00

jul-00

ene-01

jul-01

ene-02

jul-02

ene-03

jul-03

ene-04

jul-04

ene-05

jul-05

Mes

% d

e la

dem

and

a m

ensu

al

Demanda no atendidapor atentados

Non-served demand due attacks

Month

% N

on

-Serv

ed

dem

an

d

6

Voltage should not be under 90% or over 110% of nominal value (over 105% at 500 kV)

The reactive power on generation units must follow their capacity curves

Establish specific voltage levels on different special points/nodes on the system

The system should maintain operating even with a three phase fault, cleared using the

principal protection

Generators must oscillate on a damp and consistent way

If a grid element goes out, there should not be additional trips, in order to avoid cascade

events

Rules To Guarantee Security

7

Reliability

Current Probabilistic Method (formerly classic N-1)

• Outage Probability of Elements (1 year history)

• Rationing caused by outage of elements

• Electric-Area Reliability Criterion

Information System to Gather Data

• Market participants must deliver information

• Gathering information through ISO

Design strategies for

• High Availability of equipments

• Minimum of events

8

MARKET FUNCTIONS

OPERATION PLANNING FUNTIONS

Without Network &Generations Technical

Characteristics

ECONOMIC DISPATCH IN COLOMBIA

ECONOMIC DISPATCH IN COLOMBIA

Marginal Price +

$ Congestions

IDEAL DISPATCH

Network &Generations Technical

Characteristics

FINALDISPATCH

REAL DISPATCH

REAL TIMEOPERATION

Electric Analysis

SettlementS1 S2 S3

US

$/M

Wh

Offer Price Curve for International Transaction

(TIE)

Day Ahead Dispatch

Current Day Dispatch

Price Offer's

Reliability Signals

9

ESTYRA – In House Application Development

After the market dispatch is calculated, a electric analysis team check the system security. This can be done by:

• Conventional approach: (DIgSILENT - Power factory)

• ESTYRA•Transitory Stability Estimated•Overload Estimated•Redispatch

10

Real Time Oscillation Monitoring

• Frequency measure

• Indication of Damping

• Possible Generation Changes

• Generations Control Settings Changes (Adjust PSS)

• Real time Detection of Oscillation

• Reinforcement of the National Grid

11

Real Time Oscillation Monitoring

Frequency vs Damping

Dam

pin

g

InterArea modes

0.22 Hz Colombia-Venezuela

0.45 Hz Colombia-Ecuador

0.70 Hz Coast-Central

• Even though about 10.000 oscillations were detected with the frequency and oscillation network – F@OSnet, 96% of them have remain below 60 seconds

12

Critical factors to deal with terrorism on Power Lines

Generating plants availability and coordination

Reliability indexes calculation

Development of international networks

Probabilistic criteria for planning and operation

Development of software for real time transient stability analysis

Frequency and oscillation measurement network

Development of AGC schemes for isolated areas

Reconfiguring power lines procedures

Fast restoration schemes

Todos los derechos reservados para XM S.A E.S.P.

Luis Alejandro Camargo S.

[email protected]