Today’s Plan Sept 10, 2013

Today’s Plan Sept 10, 2013Today’s Plan Sept 10, 2013

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On your own paper: On your own paper: id functions of the id functions of the skeletal system. skeletal system.

ClassworkClassworkHuman Skeleton:Human Skeleton:

General skeleton, General skeleton, classification of bonesclassification of bones

Axial vs. AppendicularAxial vs. AppendicularWords to describe Words to describe bone structuresbone structuresSkullSkullAssign skull projectAssign skull project

15 minute skull prep 15 minute skull prep timetime

Learning Targets•I can i.d. structures and functions of axial skeletal system

•I can describe processes related to bone development


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Bone Bone DevelopmentDevelopment

Skull labelingSkull labeling

15 minute skull 15 minute skull prep timeprep time




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Concept map and Concept map and label skull boneslabel skull bones



Skull practiceSkull practice

Skull modelsSkull models

20 minute skull 20 minute skull prep timeprep time



Figure 7.17Figure 7.17


Functions of Skeletal Functions of Skeletal SystemSystem

1.1. SupportSupportLower limbs, pelvis, Lower limbs, pelvis,

vertebrae support vertebrae support upper body.upper body.

2.2. Body Movement/ Body Movement/ LeverageLeverage

Bones and muscles Bones and muscles act as leversact as levers

3.3. ProtectionProtectionEyes, ears bones, Eyes, ears bones, brain, heart, lungsbrain, heart, lungs

Functions of Skeletal Functions of Skeletal SystemSystem

4. Blood Cell 4. Blood Cell productionproduction HemopoiesisHemopoiesis

Begins in yolk sac then Begins in yolk sac then to liver and spleen and to liver and spleen and eventually bone marroweventually bone marrow

2 kinds 2 kinds

Red marrowRed marrow Platelets, RBC and WBCPlatelets, RBC and WBC

Infants mostly have red Infants mostly have red marrowmarrow

Adults: red marrow is Adults: red marrow is stored in skull, ribs, stored in skull, ribs, sternum, clavicles, sternum, clavicles, vertebrae and pelvisvertebrae and pelvis

Yellow MarrowYellow Marrow Stores fatStores fat

Within long bonesWithin long bones

FunctionsFunctions5. Inorganic salt 5. Inorganic salt

storagestorage CalciumCalcium

Blood clot formation, Blood clot formation, muscle contractionmuscle contraction

Nerve impulsesNerve impulses

PhosphorusPhosphorus

MgMg

NaNa

KK

Axial SkeletonAxial Skeleton

Two divisionsTwo divisions of skeleton of skeleton

the axial and the appendicular skeleton.the axial and the appendicular skeleton.

Axial: includes all bones that support Axial: includes all bones that support organs of the head, neck, and trunk.organs of the head, neck, and trunk.

40% of skeleton40% of skeleton

Axi

al S

kele

ton

Axi

al S

kele

ton

Majo

r C

om

ponents

Majo

r C

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ponents

SkullSkull :cranium and facial

:cranium and facial

bonesbones Middle Ear Bones

Middle Ear Bones (3 per (3 per

ear)ear) Hyoid bone

Hyoid bone Vertebral column

Vertebral column Thoracic cage

Thoracic cage: ribs and : ribs and

sternumsternum

Appendicular SkeletonAppendicular Skeleton The appendicular skeleton consists of The appendicular skeleton consists of

the bones of the limbs and bones that the bones of the limbs and bones that anchor the limbs to the axial skeleton.anchor the limbs to the axial skeleton.

Pectoral girdlePectoral girdle: scapula, clavicle.: scapula, clavicle.

Upper limbsUpper limbs: humerus, radium, ulna, : humerus, radium, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.

Pelvic girdle:Pelvic girdle: coxal bones. coxal bones.

Lower limbsLower limbs: femur, tibia, fibula, patella, : femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.

Classification of Bones Classification of Bones *Bones are classified according to shape**Bones are classified according to shape*

1. Long Bones1. Long Bones

• Consists of a shaft Consists of a shaft with 2 endswith 2 ends

• Humerus, femur, Humerus, femur, radius, ulna, radius, ulna, palms, solespalms, soles

2.2.Short BonesShort Bones

• Cube-like shaped Cube-like shaped bonesbones

• Carpals, tarsalsCarpals, tarsals

3. 3. Flat BonesFlat Bones• Thin and usually Thin and usually

curved bonescurved bones

• Skull bones, Skull bones, sternum, scapula, sternum, scapula, ribsribs

4.4. Irregular BonesIrregular Bones Bones that not are Bones that not are

long, short or flatlong, short or flat

Vertebrae, auditory Vertebrae, auditory ossiclesossicles

5.5.Sesamoid BonesSesamoid Bones

• Usually small, round, and Usually small, round, and flat. They flat. They

develop inside tendonsdevelop inside tendons

• PatellaPatella

6.6.Wormian (sutural) Wormian (sutural) BonesBones

• Tiny bones in skull that Tiny bones in skull that lie lie between major between major skull bones skull bones

Bone Markings

Depressions and openings Depressions and openings allowing blood vessels and nerves allowing blood vessels and nerves

to passto pass

Meatus – Canal-like Meatus – Canal-like passagewaypassageway

• auditoryauditory

Sinus – cavity within bone, filled with air and Sinus – cavity within bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membranelined with mucous membrane

• skullskull

Fossa – shallow, basin like depression in a Fossa – shallow, basin like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular bone, often serving as an articular surfacesurface

Pelvis, scapula, mandibularPelvis, scapula, mandibular

Fontanel: aka Soft spotsFontanel: aka Soft spots

Groove – FurrowGroove – Furrow

• Mandibular grooveMandibular groove

SutureSuture• Interlocking union Interlocking union

b/t bonesb/t bones

CondylesCondyles• Rounded Rounded

projectionsprojections

• Usually articular Usually articular surfacessurfaces

Cra

niu

mC

raniu

m

Frontal bone: foreheadFrontal bone: forehead

Parietal bones: top of the skullParietal bones: top of the skull

Occipital bone: back of the skullOccipital bone: back of the skull

Temporal bones: side of skull, near earsTemporal bones: side of skull, near ears

Sphenoid bone:base of the craniumSphenoid bone:base of the cranium

Ethmoid bone: roof of the nasal cavityEthmoid bone: roof of the nasal cavity

SuturesSutures

Facial SkeletonFacial Skeleton• Maxillary bonesMaxillary bones: upper jaw, hard palate: upper jaw, hard palate

• Palatine bonesPalatine bones: hard palate, nasal cavity: hard palate, nasal cavity

• Zygomatic bonesZygomatic bones: cheek bones: cheek bones

• Lacrimal bonesLacrimal bones: orbit of the eye: orbit of the eye

• Nasal bonesNasal bones: bridge of the nose: bridge of the nose

• Vomer boneVomer bone: nasal septum: nasal septum

• Nasal conchaeNasal conchae: walls of the nasal cavity: walls of the nasal cavity

• MandibleMandible: lower jaw: lower jaw






Figure 7.22 Figure 7.22




Infa

nti

le S

kull

Infa

nti

le S

kull

The skull at birth is not

The skull at birth is not

fully developed.

fully developed. Fibrous membranes,

Fibrous membranes, fontanels, connect the

fontanels, connect the

cranial bones.

cranial bones. The fontanels allow

The fontanels allow movement of the bones

movement of the bones

to enable the skull to

to enable the skull to

pass through the birth

pass through the birth

canal.canal. The fontanels close as

The fontanels close as

cranial bones grow.

cranial bones grow.



Sin

use

sSin

use

s

FrontalFrontal SpenoidalSpenoidal EthmoidalEthmoidal maxillarymaxillary

Vertebral ColumnVertebral Column

Cervical vertebraeCervical vertebrae: seven vertebrae : seven vertebrae of the neck, includes atlas and axisof the neck, includes atlas and axis

Thoracic vertebraeThoracic vertebrae: twelve vertebrae : twelve vertebrae that articulate with the ribsthat articulate with the ribs

Lumbar vertebraeLumbar vertebrae: five vertebrae that : five vertebrae that make up the small of the backmake up the small of the back

Vertebral ColumnVertebral Column Sacrum: five Sacrum: five

vertebrae that vertebrae that fuse in early fuse in early adulthood, adulthood, part of the part of the pelvispelvis

Coccyx: four Coccyx: four small fused small fused vertebraevertebrae

Figure 7.34

Thoracic CageThoracic Cage

Ribs: twelve pair of ribs attached to Ribs: twelve pair of ribs attached to each thoracic vertebrae.each thoracic vertebrae.

Seven pairs: true ribs and attach to the Seven pairs: true ribs and attach to the sternum by costal cartilage.sternum by costal cartilage.

Two pairs: false ribs that attach to Two pairs: false ribs that attach to cartilage.cartilage.

Thoracic CageThoracic Cage

Two pairs: floating ribs that do not Two pairs: floating ribs that do not attach to the sternum or its cartilage.attach to the sternum or its cartilage.

Sternum: the manubrium, the body, and Sternum: the manubrium, the body, and the xyphoid process.the xyphoid process.

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Today’s Plan Sept 10, 2013

Documents

coxal bones

ears bones

classworkhuman skeleton

id functions

general skeleton

bone developmentfigure

bone developmenttodays

curved bonesskull bones