Today’s Data Here

Today’s Data Here

• Objective Here!

Brainteaser

• What is put on a table and cut, but never eaten?

Bell Work• Prokaryotes lack

A. cytoplasm.

B. a nucleus.

C. a cell membrane.

D. genetic material.

Let’s Review

• What is a prokaryotic cell?

• Who was the first person to coin the term cells?

• What does the cell theory say?

• Who developed the cell theory?

Cell Structure & Function

http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

Two Types of Cells

Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

NucleusNo nucleus

Eukaryotic• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes• Most living organisms

Plant Animal

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

Eukaryotic Cells

Cell Parts

Organelles

Nucleus

• Is made of 4 parts:

1. Chromatin

2. Nucleolus

3. Nuclear Envelope

4. Nuclear Pore

Chromatin

• A network of strands that undergoes coiling into rod-like structures called chromosomes, just before the cell divides.

Nucleolus

• Where the Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is produced and where tRNA joins with proteins to form subunits of ribosome's

Nuclear Envelope and Pores• Nuclear Envelope

Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

• Nuclear Pores permits the passage of proteins into and out of the nucleus

Responsibility of the Nucleus

Nickname: “The Control Center”

Function:

1. Holds the DNA

2. Directs cell activities3. Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane

4. Contains genetic material - DNA

Ribosomes

• Function: • makes proteins• Each cell contains

thousands• Make proteins• Found on ribosomes

& floating throughout the cell

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Endoplasmic ReticulumNickname: “Roads”

Function: The internal delivery system of the cell

No ribosome's

Makes fats and lipids

Smooth ER Rough ER

Have Ribosome's

Makes proteins

Golgi Apparatus/Bodies

Function:• Protein 'packaging

plant'• Move materials within

the cell• Move materials out of

the cell

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Nickname: The shippersAppearance: stack of pancakes

Lysosome

Function: • to break down food into particles

the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

• Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”Appearance: circular, but bigger than ribosomes

Peroxisomes

• Are abundant in cells that metabolize lipids; in liver and yeast cells they detoxify alcohol.

Centriole

• Found in animal cells only

• Involved in the organization of the mitotic spindle and in the completion of cytokinesis

Vacuoles

• Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal

• Contains water solution

• Help plants maintain shape

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Mitochondria

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Nickname: “The Powerhouse”Function:

Energy formation

Breaks down food to make ATP

ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities

that require energy

Cytoskeleton• Provides the cell's cytoplasm with structure

and shape. There are 3 kinds:

• Filaments

• Microfilaments

• microtubules

Cytoplasm

• Gel-like mixture

• Surrounded by cell membrane

• Contains hereditary material

Cell Membrane

• Controls movement of materials in and out of the cell

• Double layer

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

VacuolesFunction: stores waterThis is what makes lettuce crispWhen there is no water, the plantwilts

ChloroplastsFunction: traps energy from the sun toproduce food for the plant cell.Green in color because of chlorophyll,which is a green pigment

Cell Walls

• provides the cell with structural support, protection, and acts as a filtering mechanism.

Put your skills to the test!

• http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm

• http://www.execulink.com/~ekimmel/drag_gr11/organell.htm

A biology student observed the cellsshown below under a microscope.

These cells most likely came fromA. an animal.B. an archaebacterium.C. a fungus.D. a plant.