TODAY – starting P3 LO: Describe some different types of renewable energy [C] Know how energy is generated in power stations [B] STARTER List as many renewable.

TODAY – starting P3

• LO: Describe some different types of renewable energy [C] Know how energy is generated in power stations [B]

STARTER

List as many renewable energy sources that you can think of!

Renewable vs Non-Renewable

• Fossil fuels are non-renewable, once they have been burnt they cannot be used again and it will take millions of years for them to re-form.

• Solar Power• Wind Power• Tidal/Wave power• Hydroelectric power• Geothermal energy

• Renewable energy sources do not run out and can be used over and over again.

Examples are

Fossil Fuels

• The three fossil fuels are coal, oil and gas.

• They can be burnt in a power station to generate electricity.

• Because the electricity has to be produced from another energy form we call it a secondary energy source.

• Electricity cannot be stored, so it has to be generated all the time.

How a power station works

Fuel is burnt to heat water

which produces steam

A transformer is two coils of wire on an iron

core. It changes electricity into a

higher voltage so it can be sent around the national grid at

400000v

The turbine drives the

generator which creates

electricity

The steam turns a turbine

How a power station works

Task• Using the templates and the information

sheets create fact files for at least 4 different energy types.

• HINT: It is a good idea to do Nuclear as one

• Things to include:–How does it generate electricity (C)

(include a diagram if necessary)–Advantages (B)–Disadvantages (B)

Extension Task (A)

• You are a local politician and have been asked to help decide which type of power station you will have in your local area.

• Which one will you choose and why??

• Things to think about: What is the area you live in like? Does it have many people? Does it have much space? What is the weather like?

Energy SourcesEnergy source

Advantage Disadvantage

TITLE - efficiency

• LO: how to calculate the efficiency of appliances [B] how to represent energy transfer using a Sankey diagram [C] how we can make buildings more energy efficient [D]STARTER

When you eat a burger what does your body use the energy for?

Make a list!

Energy efficiencyefficiency = energy usefully transferred ×

100%total energy supplied

• Energy efficiency is a measure of how much useful energy an appliance makes compared to how much initial energy is put into it

• The more efficient it is the better as it saves money and resources

• We can show efficiencyusing a diagram

Efficiency questions1. Kettle – Input energy: 250j Useful output:

150j2. Toaster - Input energy: 150j Useful output:

120j3. Microwave - Input energy: 500j Useful

output: 190j4. Television - Input energy: 250j Useful

output: 200j5. Hairdryer - Input energy: 150j Useful

output: 80j6. Bulb – Input energy: 200j Useful output:

10j

60 %

80 %

38 %

80 %

53 %

5 %

Sankey Diagrams

Show how one type of energy can be converted into other types of energy.

LAWEnergy can not be created or destroyed it can only be transformed from one form to

another.

Sankey Diagrams show the FLOW of ENERGY

Normal Light Bulb

Energy Saving Light Bulb

TaskProduce an informative leaflet that gives advice on how to make your

home more energy efficient• Grade D – Give at least 3 examples of

ways to make your home more energy efficient

• Grade C – Explain how each method makes your home more efficient

• Grade B – Discuss why some methods are better than others and why (think about cost vs what you will save)

EXAM QUESTION

• 5 minutes

Thinking Task

• Mr Green is worried that his energy bills are really high and he cant afford to pay them, what advice would you give him of how to save money on his bills??

Wasted Energy

Pick an object from the

kitchen and draw an

energy flow diagram for

that item. Then explain which is the wasted and which is the

useful energy output.

TITLE – Electrical Energy

• LO: know how and when to use ‘electrical energy’ equations

STARTER

Use the efficiency equation: efficiency = useful energy X100 total energy

• A light bulb is supplied with 20 000 J of energy. 19 000 is wasted as heat. How efficient is the bulb?

5 %

Power (W)

Current (A)Voltage (V) X

Energy Transferred (J)

Time (s)Power (W) X

Energy Transferred (Kilowatt-Hours)

Time (hrs)Power (kW) X

Cost

Cost per kWhNumber of kWh X

Efficiency =Total Energy Supplied

Energy Usefully Transferred X 100

TaskProduce a revision guide page that include

the ‘Electrical Energy’ equations.

D – include information on power, electricity and energy

C – include all 4 formula triangles B – create your own worked examples for

each formula triangle

Extension – write some quiz questions on this topic

Quiz – which triangle?

An exam question gives you information that includes

Power is 600W and the Voltage is 30V what is the current?

20 A

An exam question gives you information that includes

You use 40kWh of electricity at a cost of 2 p per kWh, what is the cost?

80p

An exam question gives you information that includes

Work out the power. 600kWh of energy is transferred in 3 hours.

200 kW

An exam question gives you information that includes

400 J of energy is transferred at a power of 80 W. How long does this take?

5 s

Objectives

• Describe how energy is produced from fossil fuels

Starter Activity

• List 2 non-renewable and 2 renewable energy sources

• Give one advantage and one disadvantage for each type

Objectives

• Describe how energy is produced from nuclear sources

Nuclear Power

• Certain radioactive materials can be used to produce electricity in a power station instead of using fossil fuels.

• The nuclear fuel is not burned though like fossil fuels. It is put into a nuclear reactor and nuclear fission occurs.

• Nuclear fission releases huge amounts of heat energy that is used to heat water, creating steam to turn a turbine.

Nuclear power generator

Control rods control the

speed of the nuclear reaction

(Uranium fuel rods)

What is Ionising Radiation?• Ionising radiation is given off by

radioactive particles.• It is called ionising because it has

enough energy to collide with atoms and knock electrons off it causing it to become a positively charged particle called an ion.

• Ionised atoms have more energy so are more likely to react chemically and damage cells in the human body, causing cancer.

Uses of Ionising Radiation• Ionising radiation can be useful as it

can be used to sterilise surgical equipment, kill cancer cells, as radioactive tracers and to preserve fruit.

• Generally however it is harmful and causes cancer so we must limit the doses we are exposed to e.g. X rays.

• We can protect ourselves by using lead and concrete to stop it and monitoring how much we are exposed to.

Task: Using pages 234-235 of the textbook and the internet create an informative poster or PowerPoint

explaining:

–How a nuclear power station works and include a diagram of the nuclear reactor (C)

–How the nuclear waste from the power station is dealt with (B)

–What nuclear fission is and how the chain reaction occurs (A)

Geiger-Müller Counter

• Radioactivity can be detected using a Geiger-Müller Counter.

• When radiation enters the tube, atoms inside are ionised by the radiation.

• These ions are counted and shown as counts per second or counts per minute.

Nuclear Debate

• In pairs you need to come up with arguments for and against having a nuclear power station built in Leeds.

Energy resources, Generators and the National

Grid• LO: Consider environmental impacts of energy

sources as well as cost [D] know that electricity is distributed by the national grid [C] know how generators use magnets to make electricity [B]

What is ionising radiation and why is it dangerous?

Ionization happens when a photon with enough energy

hits an atom or molecule inside a material.

photon of ionizing radiation

electron

positively charged atom

How a Generator Works

You can make electricity by moving a magnet in or near a coil of wire.

This diagram is one of a small dynamo to power a bicycle light but works on the same principle as large power station generators.

Answer the Questions1. What 4 things would the best energy source

be?2. Give 2 cost related issues on energy sources3. Give 2 environmental issues of energy sources4. Using the table on 97 compare the good and

bad points of each energy source5. Explain how a generator works6. Why does the National Grid distribute

electricity at a high voltage rather than at a high current?

EXTENSION – construct a mind map using ‘electricity’ as your centre word

Working out the cost