Today is March 14, AP Bio Exam May 14 ! Get a book Make and fill in chart MossFernGymnospermAngiosperm Seeds? Vascular? Mostly in what phase (life cycle)?

Today is March 14, AP Bio Exam May 14!Get a book

Make and fill in chartMoss Fern Gymnosperm Angiosperm

Seeds?

Vascular?

Mostly in what phase (life cycle)?

Friday’s Test 47 Multiple Choice

2 FRQs—One on plants, one on old material

You will hand me FRQs to exit the room.

If you have blanks, you are staying in

REVIEW MONDAY:

Cells + Chemistry (2 sets of evidence)

Cross section of a stem: axis of a plant.Epidermis: outer layer of the stem.Phloem vessels: tubes that carry glucoseCambium: new parts of the stem.Cork: protective covering of the stem.Pith: central part of the stem.Xylem vessels: woody part of the stem, carries water

Cross section of a root: axis of the plant which grows in the opposite direction from the stem, maintain the plant in place and absorbs nutrients.Piliferous stratum: set of cells on the outer layer that carry the root hairs.Cortex: part of the root that protects the pith.Xylem: woody parts of the root, carries waterPhloem: vessels through which glucose circulates.Pith: central part of the root.Phellogen: part of the root that produces cork.

Apoplastic Movement Movement of water and solutes through the cell walls

and the intercellular spaces No crossing of the plasma membrane

More rapid - less resistance to the flow of water

Translocation, movement of glucose

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter38/animation_-_phloem_loading.html

Water Potential

Read water potential for dummies

C3 vs C4 animation

http://spot.pcc.edu/~wdubbs/bi112/animations%20for%20class/photosynthesis/animations/c3_c4.swf

http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures/c4.htm

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter38/animation_-_water_uptake.html

http://www.sciencemag.org/site/feature/misc/webfeat/vis2005/show/transpiration.swf

http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/f06pm/transport.htm

Ecology Quiz

Draw and explain the lifecycle of a plant

Dispatch

1) What did you learn from transpiration lab?

2) Take our calendar and list 3 upcoming deadlines

3) Monday’s review is on____________

4) Read alternation of generation and take notes

Transpiration

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mc9gUm1mMzc&feature=related

Water wants to move from high to low water potential

Transpiration on a cellular level

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IlmgFYmbAUg&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Moss

Angiosperm

Fern

Gymnosperm

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IntroductioIntroductio

n to the n to the Plant Plant

KingdomKingdomcopyright cmassengalecopyright cmassengale

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Early Early AncestorsAncestors

Aquatic to Aquatic to Terrestrial LifeTerrestrial Life

copyright cmassengalecopyright cmassengale

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Aquatic AncestorAquatic Ancestor Closest living Closest living

speciesspecies to a to a possible land possible land plant ancestorplant ancestor

Group of Group of green green algaealgae

Called Called CharyophyceanCharyophyceanss

CharaChara


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Algae & Land Plant Algae & Land Plant SimilaritiesSimilarities

Both contain Both contain chlorophylls chlorophylls aa and and bb Have Have chloroplastschloroplasts with stacks of with stacks of

thylakoidsthylakoids Store Store starchstarch in in plastidsplastids CelluloseCellulose in in cell wallscell walls Go through Go through Alternation of Alternation of

Generations Generations life Cyclelife Cyclecopyright cmassengalecopyright cmassengale

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Terrestrial HabitatTerrestrial Habitat

Aquatic Aquatic HabitatHabitat


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Living in Aquatic Living in Aquatic EnvironmentsEnvironments

Plants surrounded by water Plants surrounded by water so so don’t dry outdon’t dry out

Sperm swimsSperm swims to egg to egg Water supportsWater supports plant plant Plants stay in upper surface Plants stay in upper surface

near lightnear light AbsorbAbsorb nutrients nutrients from thefrom the H H22OO


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Plant Adaptations to Plant Adaptations to LandLand

Problems:Problems: Need mineralsNeed minerals GravityGravity Increase in Increase in

Height for Height for LightLight

Adaptations Adaptations for Drier for Drier environmentenvironment

ReproductionReproduction

Solutions:Solutions: RootsRoots absorb H absorb H22O & O &

mineralsminerals Lignin & celluloseLignin & cellulose in in

cell wallscell walls Vascular Vascular Transport Transport

SystemSystem Waxy cuticleWaxy cuticle & &

stomatastomata with guard with guard cellscells

Pollen Pollen containing containing spermspermcopyright cmassengalecopyright cmassengale

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How Are Plants How Are Plants All Alike?All Alike?


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Plant CharacteristicsPlant Characteristics

MulticellularMulticellular AutotrophicAutotrophic (photosynthesis) (photosynthesis) Chlorophylls Chlorophylls aa and and bb in thylakoid in thylakoid

membranesmembranes Surrounded by Surrounded by cell wallscell walls

containing containing cellulose cellulose (polysaccharide)(polysaccharide)

Store reserve food as Store reserve food as amylose amylose (starch)(starch)


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Plant ReproductionPlant Reproduction

Alternation of generations Alternation of generations life life cyclecycle

Diploid (2n) Diploid (2n) sporophytesporophyte stage stage Haploid (1n) Haploid (1n) gametophytegametophyte

stagestage Produce Produce multicellular embryomulticellular embryo

protectedprotected inside multicellular inside multicellular haploid haploid (gametophyte egg sac)(gametophyte egg sac) tissuetissue


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Plant ReproductionPlant Reproduction Diploid (2n) Diploid (2n) sporophytesporophyte stage stage

produces produces haploid sporeshaploid spores by by meiosismeiosis

Haploid spores undergo Haploid spores undergo mitosismitosis to produce to produce gametophytegametophyte stage stage

Gametophyte makes Gametophyte makes gametes gametes (eggs and sperm) (eggs and sperm) by by meiosismeiosis

ZygoteZygote (2n) produces the new (2n) produces the new sporophytesporophyte


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Alternation of Alternation of GenerationsGenerations

2n 2n SporophyteSporophyte

2n 2n gametophytegametophyte

1n 1n pollenpollen

Ovary with Ovary with 1n ovules 1n ovules (eggs)(eggs)

2n seed 2n seed with plant with plant embryoembryo

SporophySporophytete

GametophyGametophytete


Moss Life Cycle http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/moss.html

Angiosperm Life Cycle

http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/angiosperm.html

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Plant Plant

DivisionsDivisions


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TaxonomyTaxonomy Plants are divided Plants are divided

into into twotwo groupsgroups Based on the Based on the

presence or presence or absenceabsence of an of an internal transport internal transport systemsystem for water for water and dissolved and dissolved materialsmaterials

Called Called Vascular Vascular SystemSystem

VasculaVascular r BundleBundless


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Vascular SystemVascular System XylemXylem tissue carries tissue carries waterwater

and and mineralsminerals upward from the upward from the rootsroots

PhloemPhloem tissue carries tissue carries sugarssugars made by photosynthesis from made by photosynthesis from the leaves to where they will the leaves to where they will be stored or usedbe stored or used

SapSap is the fluid carried inside is the fluid carried inside the xylem or phloemthe xylem or phloem


3838

Nonvascular PlantsNonvascular Plants Do not have Do not have

vascular tissue vascular tissue for for supportsupport or or conduction of conduction of materialsmaterials

Called Called BryophytesBryophytes

Require a Require a constantly moist constantly moist environmentenvironment

Moss Gametophytes & Moss Gametophytes & SporophytesSporophytes

Sporophyte stageSporophyte stage

GametophyGametophyte Stagete Stage


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Nonvascular PlantsNonvascular Plants

Plants can’t grow as tallPlants can’t grow as tall Cells must be in Cells must be in direct direct

contact with moisturecontact with moisture Materials move by Materials move by

diffusiondiffusion cell-to-cell cell-to-cell Sperm must Sperm must swim to eggswim to egg

through water dropletsthrough water dropletscopyright cmassengalecopyright cmassengale

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Nonvascular PlantsNonvascular Plants

Includes mosses Includes mosses (Bryophyta)(Bryophyta), , liverworts liverworts (Hepatophyta)(Hepatophyta), and , and hornworts hornworts (Antherophyta)(Antherophyta)

LiverwortsLiverworts HornwortsHornwortscopyright cmassengalecopyright cmassengale

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Main Parts of Vascular Main Parts of Vascular PlantsPlants

ShootsShoots-Found above ground-Found above ground-Have leaves attached-Have leaves attached- Photosynthetic part - Photosynthetic part

of plantof plant RootsRoots

-Found below ground-Found below ground-Absorb water & minerals-Absorb water & minerals-Anchor the plant-Anchor the plant


4242

Vascular PlantsVascular Plants Also called Also called

TracheophytesTracheophytes Subdivided into Subdivided into

two groups -- two groups -- Seedless Seedless vascular plantsvascular plants and and Seed-Seed-bearing bearing vascular plantsvascular plants

Club MossClub Mosscopyright cmassengalecopyright cmassengale

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Seedless Vascular PlantsSeedless Vascular Plants

Includes club moss Includes club moss (Lycophyta)(Lycophyta), , horsetails horsetails (Sphenophyta)(Sphenophyta), whisk , whisk ferns ferns (Psilophyta)(Psilophyta), and ferns , and ferns (Pterophyta)(Pterophyta)

HorsetailsHorsetailsWhisk fernsWhisk ferns copyright cmassengalecopyright cmassengale

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Seed-Producing Vascular Seed-Producing Vascular PlantsPlants

Includes two groups – Includes two groups – GymnospermsGymnosperms and and AngiospermsAngiosperms

GymnospermsGymnosperms have have naked naked seedsseeds in in conescones

AngiospermsAngiosperms have have flowers that flowers that produce seeds produce seeds to attract to attract pollinators and produce seedspollinators and produce seeds


4545

GymnospermsGymnosperms

ConiferophytaConiferophyta are are known as conifersknown as conifers

Includes pine, Includes pine, cedar, spruce, cedar, spruce, and firand fir

CycadophytaCycadophyta – – cycadscycads

GinkgophytaGinkgophyta - - ginkgoginkgo

GinkgGinkgoo

CycaCycadd


4646

GymnospermGymnospermss

Contains the Contains the oldest living oldest living plant – plant – Bristle Bristle cone pinecone pine

Contains the Contains the tallest living tallest living plant – plant – Sequoia or Sequoia or redwoodredwood


4747

AngiospermsAngiosperms Flowering plantsFlowering plants SeedsSeeds are formed when an are formed when an

egg or ovuleegg or ovule is fertilized by is fertilized by pollenpollen in the ovary in the ovary

OvaryOvary is within a flower is within a flower Flower contains the male Flower contains the male

(stamen)(stamen) and/or female and/or female (ovaries)(ovaries) parts of the plant parts of the plant

FruitsFruits are frequently are frequently produced from these produced from these ripened ovaries (ripened ovaries (help help disperse seeds)disperse seeds)


4848

AngiospermsAngiosperms

Division Division AnthophytaAnthophyta Subdivided into two groups – Subdivided into two groups –

Monocots and DicotsMonocots and Dicots MonocotsMonocots have a single seed have a single seed

cotyledoncotyledon DicotsDicots have two seed have two seed

cotyledonscotyledons


4949

MonocotsMonocots ParallelParallel

venation in venation in leavesleaves

Flower parts in Flower parts in multiples of 3multiples of 3

Vascular tissue Vascular tissue scatteredscattered in in cross section cross section of stemof stem


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DicotsDicots Net venationNet venation

in leavesin leaves Flower parts Flower parts

in in multiples of multiples of 4 or 54 or 5

Vascular Vascular tissue tissue in ringsin rings in cross in cross section of section of stemstem


5151

Plant UsesPlant Uses


5252

Why We Can’t do Why We Can’t do Without Plants!Without Plants!

Produce oxygen for the Produce oxygen for the atmosphereatmosphere

Produce lumber for buildingProduce lumber for building Provide homes and food for Provide homes and food for

many organismsmany organisms Prevent erosionPrevent erosion Used for foodUsed for food


5353

More Reasons We Can’t More Reasons We Can’t do Without Plants!do Without Plants!

Produce wood pulp for paper Produce wood pulp for paper productsproducts

Source of many medicinesSource of many medicines Ornamental and shade for Ornamental and shade for

yardsyards Fibers such as cotton for fabricFibers such as cotton for fabric DyesDyes


Today is March 14, AP Bio Exam May 14 ! Get a book Make and fill in chart MossFernGymnospermAngiosperm Seeds? Vascular? Mostly in what phase (life cycle)?

Documents

plant slide

angiosperm slide

moss slide

fern slide

active slide

gymnosperm slide

flow of water slide

low water potential