To the U.S. Constitution. The Bill of Rights Amendments 1 through 10.

Amendments

To the U.S. Constitution

The Bill of Rights

Amendments 1 through 10

How do you expect to be treated?

Introductory Video

Written by James Madison after a call from

several states for individual protections from the government

Remember the arguments between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists—Madison was an Anti-Federalist

He was influenced by George Mason, author of The Virginia Declaration of Rights

This Bill of Rights LIMITS the powers of our government

Background Information

Guarantees the freedom of religion, speech,

press, and peaceable assembly Religion: we can practice or not practice any

beliefs Speech: we can share what we think about the

government (but we cannot tell lies or incite panic)

Press: we can print what we think about the government

Peaceable Assembly: we can hold demonstrations if we go through the right steps

Petition: we have the right to express our views and ask for change

The 1st Amendment

Religion What should we do when “the enemy” is represented in America?

SpeechWhere should we draw the line? Should there be a line?

Peaceable Assembly

What are you willing to protest? What steps should we have to go through to be protected by this amendment?

Press Involves much more today that ever expected!What do we really need to know?

Right to Petition

Have you ever been asked to sign a petition?• We can try to change

laws ourselves through petition…• Create a law• Acquire enough

signatures• Place it on the

ballot for citizens to decide

Guarantees the right to bear arms The actual wording: Amendment II: A well

regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

Today, we have so much controversy about what this means A state Army Weapons for hunting The ability to defend ourselves Simple versus high powered guns

The 2nd Amendment

Should people have weapons at all? Are any weapons unacceptable? Should there be rules about who can have them? Should there be rules about how we acquire

them? Should people be able to carry them around? Is it alright to conceal weapons? Do legal and illegal weapons contribute to crime?

Who should make these rules?

Some of the Issues

Should we own guns?For Against

The 3rd Amendment

Not really an issue now, but was quite common in Colonial America

The 4th Amendment

Freedom from unreasonable search and seizure

Police need a warrant to search your property, but if they have a good enough reason they can search you

Things to consider Stop and frisk Searching a

home Searching a car Phone taps Looking through

garbage on the curb

Social media

The 5th Amendment

Due Process: there has to be some serious evidence to even accuse a person of a crime; grand juries will make this decision

Plead the Fifth: we don’t have to incriminate ourselves

No Double Jeopardy: we can’t be tried for the same crime twice

The Patriot Act: passed by Congress and signed

by President Bush in 2001 Allowed the government to detain immigrants,

listen in on phone conversations, and search homes and businesses; was a response to the 9/11 attacks

The National Defense Authorization Act: passed by Congress and signed by President Obama each year Newest provision allows for indefinite incarceration

Are these violations of the 5th Amendment?

Consider These:

The 6th Amendment

If you’re accused of a crime, what rights do you have? A speedy trial A public trial An impartial jury A court appointed attorney The right to

confront/question witnesses and the accuser

Regarding civil cases—where one person sues

another person If it involves more than $1500 (the

Constitution says $20), it has to be held before a jury; otherwise it’s settled in small claims court

A person cannot go to jail because of a civil case

7th Amendment

8th Amendment

We need to have an appropriate bail

No cruel or unusual punishment

Is Capital Punishment Constitutional?

It reads: The enumeration in the

Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Some call this the Silent Amendment because there is some power in it’s lack of words

In 1958, Supreme Court Justice Robert H. Jackson wrote that the rights protected by the Ninth Amendment "are still a mystery."

The 9th Amendment

Powers not granted to the Federal Government

are left up to the individual states.

What are some issues that could be involved?

This is where we stand right now with same-sex marriage.

The 10th Amendment

Bill of Rights in 30 Seconds

You can do a better job than that! Write a script and act it out. Include all 10 amendments Aim for less than a minute Worth 15 points Present or share a video for 15 bonus points

Video: hand trick ?

Reconstructive Era Amendments

Amendments 13 through 15

Civil War Separation

Refers to the period following the Civil War;

the United States had been divided and needed to be reconstructed.

Questions that existed: How would the Confederate states be

readmitted? What about emancipation for slaves? Do all the black men have the same status as

white men? What about Confederate leaders? Are they

traitors?

What is the Reconstructive Era?

The 13th Amendment

Ended slavery within the United States and anywhere within its jurisdiction

Congress will pass laws necessary to enforce this Amendment

Pass and ratified in 1865

The 14th Amendment

Everyone born in the United States or naturalized is a citizen of the U.S. and of the state where he/she resides

All citizens, regardless of color, have the same rights

Pass in 1866 and ratified in 1868

Should this be amended?

The 15th Amendment

The right to vote cannot be denied to a citizen, regardless of color, race, or previous condition of servitude

Meaning: African Americans (including former slaves) can vote

Passed in 1869 and ratified in 1870

Progressive Era Amendments

Amendments 16 through 19

What is theProgressive Era?

Covers the time period from 1890 to 1920

An umbrella label for a wide range of economic, political, social, and moral reforms

Was a result of the industrial revolution and the growth of cities

The 16th Amendment

Congress can collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration

If you’re going to have social services, someone has to pay for them!

Passed in 1909 and ratified in 1913

The Tax Controversy

There are citizens that refuse to pay taxes—and tax fraud is a federal offense

Some cite earlier amendments as offering protection

Some claim this amendment was never legally ratified

The 17th Amendment

Under the Constitution, Senators were elected by individual state legislatures

This Amendment gave citizens the right to elect the Senators that represent their state

Passed in 1912 and ratified in 1913

The 18th Amendment

Our Amendment for Prohibition

Within one year of ratification—no more alcohol

Ratified in 1917 and passed in 1919

Roots for Prohibition

By 1830, the average American over 15 years old consumed nearly seven gallons of pure alcohol a year – three times as much as we drink today.

Alcohol abuse (primarily by men) was wreaking havoc on the lives of many, particularly in an age when women had few legal rights and were utterly dependent on their husbands for sustenance and support.

History of Prohibition

Supporting the Ban Against the Ban

The 19th AmendmentThe right to vote will not be restricted by gender…

women have the right to votePassed in 1919 and ratified in 1920

Extensions of Suffrage

Amendments 15, 19, 23, 24, and 26

The 15th Amendment

Remember, this Amendment extended voting privileges to African American men

The 19th Amendment

Remember, this Amendment extended voting privileges to women

Extended the right to vote for president to the

residents of Washington, D.C.; prior to this, they were unable to vote for President! Cannot have more electoral votes than the

fewest assigned to a state Passed in 1960 and ratified in 1961

The 23rd Amendment

The 24th Amendment

Eliminated poll taxes At this time, five states were still charging

taxes to vote! They were: Virginia, Alabama, Texas, Arkansas, and Mississippi.

No one has to pay for the right to vote! Passed in 1962 and ratified in 1964.

Lowered the voting age to 18

from 21 Discussion first began

during WWII when the draft age was lowered to 18

Passed and ratified in 1971—the fastest amendment to be ratified

The 26th Amendment

The Presidency

Amendments 12, 20, 22, and 25

Provisions for electing a President and a Vice

President Prior to this amendment, the Electoral College

would vote for who they thought should be president; the person with the most votes became President, the second most became Vice President—even if they were from different political parties

The VP must be Constitutionally eligible to be President

Passed in 1803 and ratified in 1804

The 12th Amendment

The 20th Amendment

Set the terms for the President and Congress A Presidential term

begins at noon on January 20th

Each Congressional term begins at noon on January 3rd—and they’re required to meet

Passed in 1932 and ratified in 1933

Limits a President to two four-year

terms in office Trend to serve two terms started with

Washington FDR ignored this trend and was elected

FOUR times during the Depression and World War II

If a VP finishes more than two years of a presidential term, it counts as a full term

Passed in 1947 and ratified in 1951

The 22nd Amendment

1. VP automatically becomes President if the

current President dies, resigns, or is removed from office

2. The President can choose a new VP if something happens (must be approved by Congress)

3. VP can become Acting President temporarily with a written declaration to begin and end this time

4. The VP and Congress can act in an emergency to say the President is unfit to serve

The first three provisions have been used, the fourth hasn’t

Proposed in 1965 and ratified in 1967.

The 25th AmendmentWhat happens to the Presidency if the president is Impaired, disabled, or unable to perform his

duties?

Unique Historical Circumstances

Amendments 11, 21, and 27

Declares the state governments

sovereign—meaning they are exempt from criminal or civil lawsuit As a citizen of Ohio, if I sue California

it must go to the U.S. Supreme Court Was seen as a protection for the

states from the Judicial Branch Proposed in 1794 and ratified in 1795

The 11th Amendment

The repeal of Prohibition

Proposed and ratified in 1933

The 21st Amendment

Congressional salaries will not

change until AFTER the election of Representatives to the House.

Proposed in 1789 , but not ratified until 1992!

This had been a part of the proposed amendments that became the Bill of Rights

The 27th Amendment

Review the Amendments

Work alone or with a small group—chose an

amendment for each person Find at least two U.S. Supreme Court cases

that dealt with the Amendment(s) Word the Amendment(s) in your own words Summarize the court cases Explain how these cases strengthened the

protection of the Amendment(s) for the American people

Supreme Court Casesand The Amendments

Potential Future Amendments

Remember, an Amendment is a CHANGE to

the Constitution Why would we change this important

document? Proposed by Congress or State Legislatures;

voted on by State Legislatures or State Conventions

We’ve had Amendments dealing with civil rights, suffrage, and citizenship

Why add an Amendment?

Legalization of Marijuana

Green = legal Black = illegal Blue = medicinal

use Gold = medicinal

use and decriminalized

Tan = decriminalized

Same Sex Marriage

Purple=

Full Rights

Gold=No

Rights

Immigration Reform

Write a persuasive paper addressing a future

potential amendment or a change in a current amendment.

Include personal reasons to support passage of this amendment, but also look up some research that supports it.

Craft a well-written five paragraph paper that Introduces your amendment Includes at least three separate

reasons/supports A conclusion that calls for action

Your Assignment!