TO DETERMINE THE PERSONALITY PATTERN OF YOUNG ...

© 2022 JETIR February 2022, Volume 9, Issue 2 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)

JETIR2202132 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org b271

TO DETERMINE THE PERSONALITY

PATTERN OF YOUNG ADULTS THROUGH 16

PF BY R.B CATTELL

Afsana K. B

Final Year Post Graduate Student

Department of Psychology

Registration Number: 1201063

Lovely Professional University

Contact Number- 8281078731

Email Id- [email protected]

Dr. Sanjay Ghosh

Assistant Professor

Department of Psychology

Lovely Professional University

UID- 26173

Contact No- 9674056152

Email id- [email protected]

Abstract

Personality is the style or form of behavior that makes one individual different from others. Personality may be

stated as the organization of habits, attitudes rather than existence of certain specific traits. According to G. W.

Allport (1937), “Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical system

that determine an unique adjustment to his environment.” R. B. Cattell (1950) defined it, “Personality is that

which pursuits a prediction of what a person will do in a given situation.”

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Among personality traits of young adults more persistent risk driving behaviour has been observed. Gulliver, P

et.al.(2007). 16PF have been given to young adults and different factors have been revealed. Delevi,R (1989.)

Personality factors are also important for social communication and practice. Song, Y et.al. (2008). Ricky and

aggressive behaviour among young adults have been perceived as personality factors. Constantinou, E

et.al.(2011)

So in the present study am attempt has been made to determine the Personality Pattern of young adults through

16 PF by R.B Cattell. 16 PF devised by RB Cattell has been for the present study. 20 male and 20 female

subjects have been taken.

Results: indicate that all the 16 factors have come out for each subject. For male subjects the most common

responses have gone towards the low score direction factor B, C, E,F,G,H which indicates the personality factors

of reserved, concrete thinking, less effected by feeling humble, sober, expedient and shyness. For female

subjects common scores indicate the high score direction of personality profile factor E,F,G,H,I,L,M,N,O,Q1

which revels assertive, happy go lucky, conscientious, venture some, tenderminded, suspicious, imaginative,

calculating, apprehensive and experimenting in nature. There are the personalities factors explained Mr RB

Cattell in his questionnaire.

So in the present study different personality components of male and female subject have been identified.

Keywords: Personality Factors, Young Adults

Introduction:

The term personality is used in a number of ways including the apparent features of a person. However,

psychologists use it to refer to the characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting. By characteristic pattern

we mean the consistent and distinctive ways our ideas, feelings and actions are organized. When we talk about

personality, we usually refer to the totality or whole of the person. Thus, the enduring pattern expressed by the

person in various situations is the hall mark of personality. Interestingly the theories of personality go beyond

the literal meaning of “personality” which stands for large masks used by actors in ancient Greek drama.

Contrary to this the personality theorists view ‘personality’ as the essence of the person. It is a person’ s “true”

inner nature. The unique impression that a person makes on others is equally important in understanding

personality. However, the concept of personality has been defined by psychologists in many ways and it is the

theoretical perspective or position which directs our attention to particular aspects of personality. According to

G. W. Allport (1937), “Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical

system that determine an unique adjustment to his environment.” RB Cattell (1950)“ Personality is that which

pursuits a prediction of what a person will do in a given situation.” Whether personality traits continue to

develop in adulthood depends in part on how one defines “relatively enduring.” In the past, some researchers

took that phrase to mean—and the empirical literature to indicate—that personality traits stopped changing in

adulthood (McCrae & Costa, 1994).

Song Y et.al. (2008) has found that Personality factors are also important for social communication and practice.

Constantinou, E et.al.(2011)Ricky and aggressive behaviour among young adults have been perceived as

personality factors. Doherty E M, et.al.(2011) found that role of personality characteristic have been influenced

by medical students and doctor’s performance. Goodwina R D et.al.(2007) has found that personality factors is




associated between gender and depression in adults. Chiou P Z et.al.(2021) found that personality factors has

relation in laboratory professions. Yang Q et.al.(2016) found that personality traits has relation in mental health

and work value among young adults in different geographical area.

Methods:

The data was obtained with the help of circulating 16PF by R.B Cattell along with answer key and tabulated in

excel. Later with hand scoring, Stens score was calculated and result was interpreted with the help of 16PF

manual.

Objectives:

To find out the personality profile of the young adults aged by 20-30 years.

To see the comparison between male and female subjects aged between 20-30 years in personality

profile.

Hypothesis:

There will be no significant relation among young adults aged between 20-30 years in different

personality factors

There will be no significant in comparison between male and female aged between 20-30 years in term

of different personality factors

Sample:

20 males and 20 female subjects have been taken for present study aged 20-30 age group. They belong

to middle socio economic status.

Inclusive Criteria:

1. All the subjects have been taken whose age is between 20-30 years.

2. All the subjects belong to middle class socio-economic status.

Exclusive Criteria:

1. No subject has been taken who is below 20 or above 30 years of age.

2. No subject has been taken who is below or above middle socio- economic status.

Tools:

16PF by Raymond B. Cattell (1949)

The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire is a multiple -choice personality questionnaire which was

developed by Raymond B. Cattell. He used the new techniques of factor analysis in an attempt to discover and

measure the source traits of human personality. This test measures 16 source traits of personality. This test was

designed for the use with individuals aged 16 years and above. Among six forms of the test, we are using Form-

A. There are 187 items in form-A There are 16 Primary Factors and 4 Second Order Factors. The category of

responses are a, b or c. Responses are Yes-No, True- False, Uncertain or In between. There is no fixed time for

the test. There are three methods of scoring- 1) hand scoring, 2) Stencil Scoring and 3) Computer Scoring. This

scale is highly reliable and valid.




Procedure:

For the present study 20 male subjects and 20 female subjects were selected to see the personality pattern of

young adults. 16 PF scale by R B Cattell was used on the subjects. Instruction were given to the subjects and

the questionnaire were distributed. Responses were collected and the scoring was done according to the scoring

pattern and table given in the manual. As per the Sten scores and scoring, result were interpreted. Discussion

and conclusion were made accordingly.

Result and Discussion:

Table 1: Showing different scores of male subjects on 16PF

Factors Total score Sten Scores Remark

Subject 1

A 13 4 Low Average

B 11 2 Low Average

C 13 1 Low Average

E 12 1 Low Average

F 10 1 Low Average

G 18 4 Low Average

H 10 2 Low Average

I 7 2 Low Average

L 11 3 Low Average

M 15 3 Low Average

N 11 2 Low Average

O 14 4 Low Average

Q1 13 3 Low Average

Q2 7 2 Low Average

Q3 15 3 Low Average

Q4 10 2 Low Average


Subject 2

A 15 4 Low Average

B 12 3 Low Average

C 13 1 Low Average

E 14 2 Low Average

F 12 1 Low Average

G 10 1 Low Average

H 9 2 Low Average

I 7 2 Low Average

L 15 2 Low Average

M 11 1 Low Average

N 16 5 Average

O 15 4 Low Average

Q1 13 3 Low Average

Q2 15 5 Average

Q3 7 1 Low Average

Q4 10 2 Low Average




Factors Total Score Sten Scores Remark

Subject 3

A 19 5 Average

B 12 2 Low Average

C 20 2 Low Average

E 19 3 Low Average

F 18 2 Low Average

G 18 4 Low Average

H 11 3 Low Average

I 12 4 Low Average

L 11 3 Low Average

M 15 3 Low Average

N 14 4 Low Average

O 17 5 Average

Q1 7 1 Low Average

Q2 10 3 Low Average

Q3 11 1 Low Average

Q4 8 1 Low Average


Subject 4

A 19 5 Average

B 12 2 Low Average

C 9 1 Low Average

E 7 1 Low Average

F 15 2 Low Average

G 12 2 Low Average

H 7 2 Low Average

I 17 5 Average

L 13 4 Low Average

M 12 2 Low Average

N 16 5 Average

O 18 5 Average

Q1 20 6 Average

Q2 14 4 Low Average

Q3 10 1 Low Average

Q4 7 1 Low Average





Subject 5

A 10 3 Low Average

B 8 1 Low Average

C 9 1 Low Average

E 14 2 Low Average

F 15 2 Low Average

G 18 4 Low Average

H 16 4 Low Average

I 20 6 Average

L 18 6 Average

M 12 2 Low Average

N 10 2 Low Average

O 7 2 Low Average

Q1 9 1 Low Average

Q2 10 3 Low Average

Q3 17 3 Low Average

Q4 7 1 Low Average


Subject 6

A 19 5 Average

B 10 1 Low Average

C 16 1 Low Average

E 10 1 Low Average

F 18 2 Low Average

G 16 3 Low Average

H 11 3 Low Average

I 20 6 Average

L 6 1 Low Average

M 8 1 Low Average

N 18 6 Average

O 11 3 Low Average

Q1 10 2 Low Average

Q2 19 6 Average

Q3 17 4 Low Average

Q4 9 2 Low Average




Factor Total score Sten Scores Remark

Subject 7

A 18 5 Average

B 10 1 Low Average

C 19 2 Low Average

E 16 2 Low Average

F 7 1 Low Average

G 10 1 Low Average

H 11 3 Low Average

1 16 5 Average

L 14 3 Low Average

M 10 2 Low Average

N 6 1 Low Average

O 8 2 Low Average

Q1 19 5 Average

Q2 20 6 Average

Q3 12 2 Low Average

Q4 13 3 Low Average


Subject 8

A 16 5 Average

B 7 1 Low Average

C 18 2 Low Average

E 15 2 Low Average

F 9 1 Low Average

G 13 2 Low Average

H 18 4 Low Average

I 7 2 Low Average

L 16 5 Average

M 19 4 Low Average

N 12 3 Low Average

O 20 5 Average

Q1 18 5 Average

Q2 10 3 Low Average

Q3 9 1 Low Average

Q4 13 3 Low Average





Subject 9

A 11 3 Low Average

B 8 1 Low Average

C 17 2 Low Average

E 19 3 Low Average

F 10 1 Low Average

G 9 1 Low Average

H 7 2 Low Average

I 18 6 Average

L 12 3 Low Average

M 15 3 Low Average

N 20 7 High

O 19 5 Average

Q1 17 5 Average

Q2 6 1 Low Average

Q3 9 1 Low Average

Q4 18 4 Low Average


Subject 10

A 16 5 Average

B 10 1 Low Average

C 17 2 Low Average

E 9 1 Low Average

F 18 2 Low Average

G 10 1 Low Average

H 16 4 Low Average

I 12 4 Low Average

L 6 1 Low Average

M 18 4 Low Average

N 9 1 Low Average

O 11 3 Low Average

Q1 15 4 Low Average

Q2 10 3 Low Average

Q3 12 2 Low Average

Q4 12 2 Low Average





Subject 11

A 10 3 Low Average

B 13 3 Low Average

C 13 1 Low Average

E 15 2 Low Average

F 19 3 Low Average

G 20 4 Low Average

H 14 3 Low Average

I 16 5 Average

L 13 4 Low Average

M 11 1 Low Average

N 7 1 Low Average

O 14 4 Low Average

Q1 16 4 Low Average

Q2 7 2 Low Average

Q3 9 1 Low Average

Q4 10 2 Low Average


Subject 12

A 17 5 Average

B 10 1 Low Average

C 12 1 Low Average

E 15 2 Low Average

F 18 2 Low Average

G 17 3 Low Average

H 10 2 Low Average

I 7 2 Low Average

L 15 4 Low Average

M 16 3 Low Average

N 11 2 Low Average

O 10 3 Low Average

Q1 18 5 Average

Q2 13 4 Low Average

Q3 14 3 Low Average

Q4 12 2 Low Average





Subject 13

A 17 5 Average

B 12 2 Low Average

C 11 1 Low Average

E 7 1 Low Average

F 17 2 Low Average

G 15 3 Low Average

H 15 3 Low Average

I 13 4 Low Average

L 11 3 Low Average

M 19 4 Low Average

N 12 3 Low Average

O 6 2 Low Average

Q1 9 1 Low Average

Q2 10 3 Low Average

Q3 12 2 Low Average

Q4 13 3 Low Average


Subject 14

A 18 5 Average

B 11 2 Low Average

C 15 1 Low Average

E 17 3 Low Average

F 15 2 Low Average

G 17 3 Low Average

H 17 4 Low Average

I 11 4 Low Average

L 15 4 Low Average

M 19 4 Low Average

N 20 7 High

O 25 7 High

Q1 15 4 Low Average

Q2 11 3 Low Average

Q3 9 1 Low Average

Q4 8 1 Low Average





Subject 15

A 19 5 Average

B 11 2 Low Average

C 13 1 Low Average

E 15 2 Low Average

F 17 2 Low Average

G 16 3 Low Average

H 19 4 Low Average

I 9 3 Low Average

L 7 1 Low Average

M 15 3 Low Average

N 11 2 Low Average

O 10 3 Low Average

Q1 7 1 Low Average

Q2 12 4 Low Average

Q3 11 1 Low Average

Q4 9 2 Low Average


Subject 16

A 10 3 Low Average

B 12 2 Low Average

C 18 2 Low Average

E 16 2 Low Average

F 16 2 Low Average

G 19 4 Low Average

H 7 2 Low Average

I 18 6 Average

L 5 1 Low Average

M 18 4 Low Average

N 14 4 Low Average

O 17 5 Average

Q1 8 1 Low Average

Q2 18 6 Average

Q3 9 1 Low Average

Q4 9 1 Low Average





Subject 17

A 19 5 Average

B 12 2 Low Average

C 15 1 Low Average

E 17 3 Low Average

F 9 1 Low Average

G 15 3 Low Average

H 17 4 Low Average

I 16 5 Average

L 8 2 Low Average

M 9 1 Low Average

N 15 4 Low Average

O 16 5 Average

Q1 12 3 Low Average

Q2 11 3 Low Average

Q3 13 2 Low Average

Q4 15 3 Low Average


Subject 18

A 19 5 Average

B 8 1 Low Average

C 10 1 Low Average

E 11 1 Low Average

F 17 3 Low Average

G 9 1 Low Average

H 18 4 Low Average

I 6 2 Low Average

L 10 2 Low Average

M 11 1 Low Average

N 19 6 Average

O 13 4 Low Average

Q1 20 6 Average

Q2 6 1 Low Average

Q3 9 1 Low Average

Q4 10 2 Low Average





Subject 19

A 19 5 Average

B 10 1 Low Average

C 16 1 Low Average

E 15 2 Low Average

F 17 2 Low Average

G 9 1 Low Average

H 9 2 Low Average

I 6 2 Low Average

L 13 4 Low Average

M 11 1 Low Average

N 15 4 Low Average

O 17 5 Average

Q1 14 3 Low Average

Q2 8 2 Low Average

Q3 19 4 Low Average

Q4 10 2 Low Average


Subject 20

A 11 3 Low Average

B 10 1 Low Average

C 12 1 Low Average

E 17 3 Low Average

F 16 2 Low Average

G 14 2 Low Average

H 11 3 Low Average

I 18 6 Average

L 14 4 Low Average

M 18 4 Low Average

N 14 4 Low Average

O 17 5 Average

Q1 15 4 Low Average

Q2 11 3 Low Average

Q3 19 4 Low Average

Q4 11 2 Low Average




Table 2: Shows the distribution score of female subjects in 16PF


Subject 1

A 19 10 Above Average

B 8 6 Average

C 11 3 Low Average

E 17 8 Above Average

F 15 6 Average

G 18 9 Above Average

H 11 5 Average

I 17 8 Above Average

L 14 10 Above Average

M 12 5 Average

N 15 9 Above Average

O 17 9 Above Average

Q1 20 10 Above Average


Q3 9 4 Low Average

Q4 11 5 Average


Subject 2


B 11 9 Above Average

C 16 6 Average

E 12 6 Average

F 19 8 Above Average


H 20 8 Above Average



M 11 4 Low Average


O 7 4 Low Average



Q3 10 4 Low Average

Q4 11 5 Average





Subject 3

A 11 6 Average

B 7 5 Average

C 10 3 Low Average


F 14 6 Average

G 11 4 Low Average




M 16 7 Above Average

N 11 6 Average

O 6 3 Low Average

Q1 8 6 Average


Q3 12 5 Average



Subject 4



C 11 3 Low Average



G 12 5 Average


I 15 6 Average




O 9 5 Average

Q1 7 5 Average








Subject 5

A 12 6 Average

B 10 3 Low Average

C 14 7 Above Average

E 15 6 Average

F 13 5 Average


H 9 4 Low Average

H 15 4 Low Average

I 10 4 Low Average

M 7 6 Average




Q2 7 4 Low Average

Q3 11 5 Average

Q4 13 6 Average


Subject 6


B 7 5 Average


E 11 6 Average

F 9 4 Low Average





M 7 3 Low Average




Q2 7 2 Low Average


Q4 8 4 Low Average





Subject 7



C 13 4 Low Average

E 7 4 Low Average

F 14 6 Average



I 10 4 Low Average

L 9 7 Above Average

M 8 3 Low Average


O 13 6 Average




Q4 12 5 Average


Subject 8



C 13 4 Low Average







M 15 6 Average

N 11 6 Average

O 10 5 Average


Q2 6 3 Low Average


Q4 13 6 Average





Subject 9


B 8 6 Average

C 12 4 Low Average



G 8 3 Low Average

H 15 6 Average

I 11 4 Low Average


M 12 5 Average


O 7 4 Low Average



Q3 12 5 Average

Q4 8 4 Low Average


Subject 10


B 7 5 Average

C 16 6 Average


F 14 6 Average

G 5 1 Low Average


I 11 4 Low Average


M 14 6 Average




Q2 11 6 Average

Q3 10 5 Average

Q4 9 4 Low Average





Subject 11


B 9 7 Above Average

C 15 5 Average


F 15 6 Average

G 11 5 Average


I 14 6 Average




O 11 6 Average


Q2 11 6 Average


Q4 12 5 Average


Subject 12



C 15 5 Average

E 11 6 Average



H 7 4 Low Average

I 9 3 Low Average






Q2 10 6 Average

Q3 9 4 Low Average

Q4 12 5 Average





Subject 13



C 10 3 Low Average



G 9 3 Low Average

H 7 4 Average

I 13 5 Average


M 10 4 Low Average


O 12 6 Average



Q3 11 5 Average

Q4 11 5 Average


Subject 14



C 17 6 Average


F 11 4 Low Average

G 7 2 Low Average


I 9 3 Low Average

L 8 7 Above Average

M 15 6 Average





Q3 12 5 Average

Q4 14 6 Average





Subject 15

A 12 6 Average




F 15 6 Average


H 11 5 Average



M 10 4 Low Average


O 8 4 Low Average


Q2 7 4 Low Average

Q3 9 4 Low Average

Q4 10 4 Love Average


Subject 16



C 11 3 Low Average





I 8 3 Low Average

L 9 7 Above Average

M 10 4 Low Average


O 11 6 Average


Q2 11 6 Average


Q4 12 5 Average





Subject 17



C 17 6 Average

E 8 4 Low Average

F 9 4 Low Average

G 7 2 Low Average

H 13 6 Average

I 11 4 Low Average


M 12 5 Low Average

N 10 5 Low Average



Q2 11 6 Average


Q4 14 6 Average


Subject 18



C 16 6 Average


F 13 5 Average

G 11 4 Low Average


I 7 2 Low Average


M 10 4 Low Average

N 8 4 Low Average

O 12 6 Average


Q2 11 6 Average


Q4 15 6 Average





Subject 19

A 10 5 Average

B 9 7 Above Average

C 8 2 Low Average

E 11 6 Average

F 11 4 Low Average


H 11 5 Average








Q3 12 5 Average

Q4 11 5 Average


Subject 20



C 13 4 Low Average



G 11 4 Low Average


I 9 3 Low Average

L 8 7 Above Average

M 13 5 Average


O 12 6 Average


Q2 7 4 Low Average

Q3 13 6 Average


Table 3: shows the common factors and characteristics of Male and Female

Gender Factors Interpretation Characteristics

Male B, C, E,F,G,H

Low Average reserved, concrete thinking, less effected by

feelings, humble, sober, expedient and

shyness

Female E, F, G, H, I, L,

M, N, O, Q1

Above Average assertive, happy go lucky, conscientious,

venture some, tenderminded, suspicious,

imaginative, calculating, apprehensive and

experimenting in nature.




Discussion:

From the above results it indicate that all the 16 factors have come out for each subject. For male subjects the

most common responses have gone towards the low score direction factor B, C, E,F,G,H which indicates the

personality factors of reserved, concrete thinking, less effected by feeling, humble, sober, expedient and

shyness. For female subjects common scores indicate the high score direction of personality profile factor

E,F,G,H,I,L,M,N,O,Q1 which revels assertive, happy go lucky, conscientious, venture some, tenderminded,

suspicious, imaginative, calculating, apprehensive and experimenting in nature. These are the personalities

factors explained by Mr RB Cattell in his questionnaire.

Personality factors are unique in nature it different from individual to individual. Individual personality profile

have been easily traced for each one of the group. These findings can contribute to predict different personality

profile of an individual. In group we have observed a trend of similar personality factors separately to male and

female groups. Therefore from the present findings, it reflect that the personality factors as shown some of their

unique characteristics in the test results.

Conclusion:

From the above findings It may be concluded that unique personality factors have been traced for each

individual. It also provide some group similar factors and which is different from male to female subjects in the

directional way (low and high scores directions) which reflects opposite trend of personality among male and

female in the present study. Therefore 16PF have studied effectively and comprehensively expressed in the

present study.

References:

Cattell, R.B., H. W., and Totasvoka, M.M., (1970). Handbook for 16 PF Questionnaires. Institute for

Personality and Ability Testing: Illinois.

Doherty, E M & Nugent, E. (2011). Personality factors and medical training: a review of the literature. ASME

Medical education, 45(2), 132-140.

Institute for Personality and Ability testing (1972). Manual for 16 PF. The Psychocentric: New Delhi.

Mishra, B.K. (2008). Psychology: the Study of Human Behavior. (1 ed.). India: PHI Learning

Schultz, P.& Schultz, S.E.(2013). Theories of personality.(10ed.). Canada: Nelson education Ltd

Yang, Q. et.al. (2016). A Study of Personality Traits, Mental Health and Work Value between Young Adults

From the Continental Plateau Regions and the Plain Geographical Areas. HealthMED, 10(3),.


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