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TNA PRO CO 583,263 Compulsory Labour Nigerian Tin Mines Acrobatocr
Oct 30, 2014
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6 Sir .A... Dawe.
Following on our discussion rererred to in the eed-llAS minutes~ I have drarted
consideratio~ No doubt the oecretary or State 1ill have d'iscussed the question of conscripted labour with the Nigeria Government and the orficers concerned and he has also visited the mines. It will not therefore be possible to address the Nigeria Government on the general question or the use of conscripted labour until the secretary or State's return. But I feel that we ought to be getting ready to submit our views to the Secretary o~ otate on his return, both as regards labour policy and health and housing conditions. The savingram encl osed with N·o. 14 on 30469/43 describes a situation which is still disquieting, and we must, I feel, bring the points made in Dr. Kauntze's minute to the attention of the Nigeria Government as soon as possible.
40
Pending the tiecretary of state's return, I reel that we should prepare a draft despatch for submission to hi~ It will be necessary to consult the l!Iedical and Labour Advisers and also, I think, the 1~1inistry of Supply. Having obtained an agreed document, we could then make such changes after. the Secretary of state's return as were neces~y as the result of his local discussions. If you agree with this procedure and the general line taken in the draft, it should be circulated to Dr. Kauntze and Major Orde Browne and after that I suggest that the cormnents of the Ministry of supply should be invited. I do not think that the despatch in any way conflicts with the views
• expressed
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expressed when conscript labour volicy in £ast Africa. was discussed by the war Cabinet.
There ia one point which I think that we~must 1 re.fer to Nigeria intnediately. rrhat is the suggestion on page 5 or the progress report that the total numbers o.f labour on the tin mines should be maintained at loo, 000 during the dry season. ~rhat would be .:!
an increase of' over 30,000 and would apparently bring the number of conscripted labour up to about 45,000. If this is really the intention, I cannot see that it is justified while general conditions are not satisfactory for the 15,000 at present employed. It may not of course be the view or Government that this large increase should be permitted and Mr. Boyes did not seem to know anything about it wh~n I enquired during ~ talk with him on the 28th September whether he had heard that any increase was contemplated. I submit a telegram on this point, which might, if you agree, go oft: be :fore the dra:ft despa .. tch is circulated to Advisers. • ·
J
6. 10. 43.
J n:.1 afraid tr1at the ·orocluc:tion e:ind export fit:tlres of tln 01 e fror.1 f.rtgerj_a do not suppor·t trte cunelu~sion, that any notable P.XpBnsj.on 'has in :Cuct tuken pl~~A . The follov 1i.ne: Ere expor· t figt.lres, pr·o~iuction fj_£ntres not 1)eing av e: i 1' h 1 e f' or 1 91-t 1 : - ..,
1942
1 9 MJnth to 31st P. Bi~St, 1943
total 1 9L~3
F cor. J r ti ,
~xpoPts of tin ore ( l on r; ~ o n _S""""") ___ _
18 ,L~01 •
1 6, SL~3
1 7' 851
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+ht t, the production :f'i.~·ul'l"R f·oi· tr1.._, t elve onths enc..l~d 31~-t 1 1.1.£,lst 1943 VJerc 17,5:/J tons.
In conse(Juencc, I have s11~cesterJ vn FJbhrev iu tion of' the f'ir f-3t ~)c l"lat_::r DfJh.
0 f' the d 1 , [I f" t , \ ., i t l1 \' r 1 i c· h , f' or- 't 'he 1 • e r'~ 1 nu. er , r c.-~r·ee, pnd al:"'o \Jith tr1e dr:.j:rt t~J-~~~1·~ m s :.1br·1i t t e d .
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. ~ir Georee .. G.a~t e.r~~ .•
I tt1irJ( that it har~ bsen vGry useful ·to Gollect in readines8, before the ,secr)eta~0J of c;ta~te' s rett1rrn, this information about the tin supply position. But it is nov1 clear from the UJtta,ched telegroJm from the Secrletar'J of Stat.~e that he has persona,lly gon~ intc the ouestion on the snot: a~nd t.~ha~t he
~ ~
is ~cJi11~ to tc ... J<e the mc1tter up 'vlh~n he retu111~ to L011C.1J-L1.
I do not think, therefor)G , tlliit v1e caJn do n1ucl1 rnore on the draft despatch at prese ·1t. In vie 1 of t e expressions of opinion it contains, Je had better not circulaJte it to the I 1inistry of 3upply until ~~e have the Secrletar-y of L.Jta"te 's instruction...s. ut I t hinl< tha~t \te might o otain the cornrnents of Jr. Yaunt.~ze 8.11d 1 a<.jor r e .Gl'JO me Ul)Oll it' ciS 1 lr. Cohe 1 - ro· oses. I see no objection to senaing off t e
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-TEL.EO"-'PHIC a C-'BL.E AOO,.£SS 1
•. LIKELINESS, LONDON." f
~Tt:L.f:PHONE: KELVIN 2722.
ber l943. FINSBURY PAVEMENT HOUSE.
LONDON. E.C. 2. 33 29th September 1943.
Qr y aear Creasy,
.liS I think yotl. knov1 , I am Chairn1an ofl a I igeriar1 tin minins company knovm. as ~-Lanus Nigeria, Limited, which Company ~as successful during the year ended 31st
Decemter 1942, in achieving a record output.
.ppolntino August last
r due to the travvn off la ~ the 1.1ne,
,e had plannea to go one better durin~ ~t with the the current year, but, as you will se~ Ule, withdr frora the enclosed copy or· a letter ada.ressed)ns o~1in~ t to me on the 24th instan~ by the Acting )ID tnis eau Secretary of tne Company, we shall, in all probability, be prevented from aoing so bj tne unsatisfactory posi~ion wi~h regard to frican labour. This position arose ov1in.._ to the deman-. f'or .african labour caused by ~ne constructior1 ot· tne ~enti ~a., and 1e haa hoped that , with ~he eo .oletion of ~his tork the situation -~aula irr~rove rapialy. / .
lng to cabJ t there ;o
ads as fo
a.s not 1age s. area of
- eports from tile mj ne indicate, however, fore tnat the expec~ed improvement has not n n~terialisea, ana tna~ the labour situation ~s still a~ oaa as ever.
•
~ unde stand tha~ the matter has been referrea to tne 1igerian Chanuer of ines,
t hat body is apt to move with ~eli~eration rather uhan ith speed, and
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' 1\Jr Shaftosb
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therefore riting to you unofficially r n tne facts to ~our notice and to hether yo1...1 can su~ est any metho;'
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1cn the existin unsatisfactory state ai'fairs can _.,e remediea.
Yours sincerely,
a.·r--.Creasy, Esq., O. B. E . , Colonial Off'ice, h~te 11, . • r.1.
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1e orar~ ad ro ss : 1 otcon1 :.>e ouse , lOtCOlnbe, ~ro Shaftosbury, ~orset
24th September 19 3. ir o p 1 J 1 , \. o • ~ • ~ ins ury Pavement louse, • ,J • •
·.re ugus t output o1· 5t> tons was disappointing corup rea with 75 tons f'or July and lOO ton8 ior August last year .
l'he fu.ll in production is undoubtedly due to the f'rican. labour position, the Governrnent havine; dra\vn off labour
by otferin wages twice as high as those paid at the ~Line, for th construction of the Tenti Dam.
The General Manager lodged his protest with the ~ircctor o1 Iinerals Production at Jos on 9th June, withdrawing b~ eotiznate ot' a production for 1943 of 1100 tons owing to the aetoriora tion of tl1e .1. frican. labour posit ion from this cause.
It was agreed at the last ~oard ~eating to cable tne CrenC:Jral 1 anager a.ski!l[ when it was expected tl1.a.t tr1ere would be an improvement in productiono
is shown tile luin
~he reply rece~ved by cabl e today reads as follows :-
"Danl completed but good labour has not returned in spite or increased wages. OwinG to late rains have small area of stripped ground this year therefore anticlpata little improvement in production before 1944uo
'rhe unsatisfactory positior1 frorn \vhich we are sufferi by the rapid i'all in the number of Africans employed at during the first 6 rr1onths of 1943 as follows :-
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1 ar. Apr. I ay tlun.
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5316 406~ 3124 2882 2110 1?51
African natives employed. n
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faithfully , A. SliliLL.b;Y
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lo vr Gr'-tr'tC; ground; D.tld the.~ t 011 G. V0Pagc rJlOnthly lG.b OUP l'OI"'CC 81
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I 1 •J ...__. u(; th,. L ~/l th rl l .bour .L·~orcc of uoout thu 8<-f:ll..! ,:,j_ze I
.L. 19L~3 .~.icy cxpt.Jct to pr-o, tucu 9 9 620 tolls ns <...1.g2.:tilst 8'J-:J7S .~.1 "(;r r . Ihi .. :, . ')Lll'I.L tG ~Ll1 os E.tCC~lUlt Oil thu f~ct tllEl,.IC, ,-,1or·e
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c. ·on .JJ. c.a•(.;d 1c ,Jloul ).. pr<Jc(;ccl on the o.s;:;untptj.on t1~ .... t ... • .J .. J l J Jur 11uru ..., i thrU.':.l'./:1 Cot t the t..:nd of i 91+3 pro duet l8l1
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9 er~ [4g£,inst tll.G Cor,lpanics cL-cinlc.tc
J:J ,. Ld tr.u.t ii' tl'lC~ conscriptucl lo.bour ·,rorc wi thclra;;rr_ ·. Y t_"l.v
~ J ·~l I /44 tn .... ·J ,Jt.ur1 1t0 .i ... oulu be 1 G:~500 tonr.> cornpnrecl ·~rl th ), l r., J , .... t lm' J c o-r 1 1 9 .J 0 0 t 8 __ ~ •
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l'.'ir . Ertlbort ou 1 c corllpO.rt; tonLJ of ore .
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~ '.l' '~1. .. n· th~ c .. 1r1p·~i[;119 L.tlL) [lLLlll.i.Jlot.~.'dtl V~,j oi'f'ic.._,l>S (J 1U _..,L.) ::..1 'l (},I (.h ll'l t l VI.) Ctdllllll~L Gt re.~ J i 0 nH lLU .10rve rrl.!C. t
J. .. t ~ . uc.·o.·...; of lJllv C[l171p~lign . 3ut thvPC is no cloutt thc-t > · .1.'"'L :_- · L'L.~tl l:..lndi',Ul) to t:h~lll all .Ln tl10ir ·,JorJC . l"L j_s
opul.~r; u) 1 the Di...;tr1ct Offlc\:;p.; un l lJntlV\.J Adr.lll lS· -
J r i V 1. .s1 r ~ 0 ~ v t. t ]l U b 0 D ~ 0 Ut 0 C' t., h l1 ..L 1."' p t; ::.> p 1 0 i Il ~ 11 ~ro ~:'I o _ ~ 111 cou.d t s for J:1ucll 9 h vc nt the: scr.1c :unc
, th~..-ir ~ ·tJ.VJ. t1 uc dnd Lhvj_p :.. ut lOPi t;, to t .. 1 h ,tcd ond > .. 0 =- ... on ~·c r 1p t ing i~o r~ (Jd 1:....) our. .Anti wJ.. th L-a eh d:eart
eo 10.J .1orc un.~.)opulnr untl m.ot•u cl..1..fr'ic· 1 t .
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•)upply of Groin to thu Tiiuo s. 0 • --
Volunt:~J y laboUJ. in clh; lllll103 l::: .. rgcly f01Jd8 i tsc;lf. In so , t 11. labour com~f~ 1'1 or11 eh~ surPcYLUH.li11g country bhc Horkcl-:as >l. l"'JC{ l producu; W.L th :1 modust Dnpplen1ont Ruppli~.;cl by the
VoLuntary lub HU1 COHllll['; f'J~om 0. dist~U1Cu o.nd livin£; in CCJ11PL-5
h '7 or GOUl'.J ..... 9 to be fed. All COJ.18Cl'ipt l'1bOUP hCL~ to 00 red o.ll t . I t l G r ~ n 1 c uJ. t l- d t hI t "'ut 0 f t ll~:.~ 1 8 9 50 0 t 0 11 s 0 f g r ·~] n
oi·t d fo the; 1,1inc ·> s 6 ~ 000 ton...., is r0q uiJ. ,;(L fo 1., the c onscl.,l.pt s •
It oul be a gruu.t l"1 UJ.ivl to the .'-Tor (.hePn Provincvs t.o be 1 Vu cl of i'lndin thi o l.1 L~1n . ~1h0y lu ve; only donL:: 30 in the P ~st
ly t
· · 1ort thCilGClVuv . 'E .. li.J yeur the corn hn.L.,vuc-t is good; but · lJ lo.:J .J11· uv OLtd y .dr )
9 d.UPlllL. vlhi~,.;h a n"L:tl!1bei' of tllu people h ve
1 l '"'fc; l. Ph~ f' Pl11eru UO lJO t no.crnal ly pi OdU~Jt.: Q oUPplu .. for }
11'• iJlc.;t and u.Lnc t co.ln ..tr·\. .. ~huil' .~ub.JistoncJ crops . Thvro
d J- oclc.Pllt . .;ur~r)lnG t1LL ._-; y....._- 1" .. b1xc. :i. ~.~ i 11oat 1rnporta 1t t. t 1 P )ocluci.Llg tePri c,011.~ f' whou.Ld ()lJ ul1o'/C:Hl to r0ta~n us uch t t1 1 L f' pol .:; ; bl 9 in ord 'r to build. up loeul Pl)Sorves o.go1no
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d .L' to obtui t.hu r;r: 1 1 for thu 1 l.L110S, Gov rnm... t i . r£hi;J ~ . Ull JOpUl lP j nd With all tho Oth <1 1 • .tr· o 1 ( > rt ic 1 .. ly ihu grou 1d.nU p-,...
t ·hin l Y 0 ' •uqUiol t1011 is lOt V ry ti 'e ( Ul . 1 t 1 n d 'o 1 c 11 b r u due d t · ~
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t t ( ( ll .. J .Lf' L 'd L u i'l LlJ I!<' !11 u '- t iJtP L (.; p t.h ;;.) l JUll t t i . uc 1 t/nL, .JI LJ r1 'Jl'u • I L Lf~ i)t.. .. .LUFr <lu:.ll'lY l>'JUf'Ilt ut t lC o pu ,,. Hl'Jll J.(: ur~ cj.vi Li<..; :i lc4rtU. t tl• wu Ll' tl•l., flllU rood'4Vill 0 th p
11th 0ot b r,
roduct1 n ~igurc dur1ne the loot t~1 y ur :-
19..:;.~3 4950 1934 6897 19.35 9044 1956 1.:>432 1937 14872 1938 12382 1939 13003 1940 16568 1941 166.}8
On quota, under restriction scheme.
1942 17107 5 Unrestricted..
r. tor·ke' e tir ate f'or 1943 as 19,000 t ons and thi"'. f1gur . et corr spona very closely to the sw1 o:f the estirilateo g i ven ucntly by 1nd1v1uu 1 )roducera . The latter were uoked for
r vi d c t~atee o weeks ago , but onl y a feu of these hav e oo far en l"'ec ivec:1. The &1al game.te<1 Tin r ince ot: Ni ser1 a . Ltd.., who oauce about half the t ot al output, show a s l ight increase on t heir rlier est im te for 1943, as ao mos·t other s whose r-ep l ies have c or 1e
i. 1ng t o a shortage o-r po'ler 1 n the earl y mont hs of t h1a year I c~pecte(} the revised estiruate f'rom A. T . .. . N. , Ltd . , (who use of' the available electri c po1er ) t o be do1n on their orig i nal
figur • That t his 1 not so is I thiruc due t o an incrcaeed l abour fore • evcrthelcsa, until all rev ised est i mates are in I consi der that , f'or the purpose of' assessing 1944 pr•ospecte , we shoul d t ake a figur of 18 , 500 for 1943. ·
1942 and 1943 l abour f orc e ~1gures f'or Total 12@.'
month b y month :-
J n ry 53054 bru ry 56186
!94~· 79535 80358 77709 71382 61528 .5951~3 63125 65015
i ncl. "
12556 c onsc r i p t s )
rch 57408 ril 53015 y 44835
Jun 1+5682 uly 45778 u u t 4 6095
t bor 55430 i ncl . 1488 0 tobcr 62609 ., 2678
conscr i pt s " "
" " tt
tt
,
13915 " ~ 15297 " 14916 " ) 15L~9l+ " ) 1272LJ. .. 13132
, 12960 tt )
l I I I I
• j H
H __ , ~
l· (/)
r
tor;
~~ 1-1 c;) r-. ::t '-t .. •
ov her 64942 " 7560 ~--c~G~b~er~·-· ------Z~0~8~9~2;~-----u----~9~3~6~lt _______ " ____ ._ _________________________________ ~
• •
In a rch, 194.2, an unsuccessful attem1)t aa ad to irilp ort l abour , hi eh con t r ibuted 11 ttle t o 191+2 output . Conscription 1as resumed in.~ept bcr , 1942 , t he mor thly average for the last four months or the year b i ng 5272 . I doubt whethe~ even the l a tter had anY ef fect o pr oduction i n 1942. l n other 1ords over 17000 t ons were pr oduced
1 hout a ny sub s t antial nss i et ance frohl qonscript l abour . In !Jept c 1ber , 191+2, L,r . Storke made a revi e-.v • f or t h e ini stry
of uupply, of t he pr oductive capacity of i~eria . He recomn1ended t t 1ntro uc tion of ada1 tional machin0ry, bu t aft er co n a i d.oration i n t l 1n1 t 1n ... do and t he u. '. • the proposal was turned do r~n. He c r d th op1n1o11 that in the ab s ence of additional machina»J t
1 bour fore .11 t b u mon thly av erage of 60 , 000 woula b e required ej 1943 t o r oduc 19 , 000 ton • Up ~o the end of ugust the average
6? 1774. Had there ot been o.n o.bnor nal r eduction of electric o r horta60 of 1ater 1 1 the earl y roontha of the yea~ it 1e rob bl t hat the out put for 19l.t.3 woul d. hav e exc eeded 19 ,ooo tona.
J~Ys j th t th con crip~ fore is mai ntained at about ita pre•f 1 ~ 1 u til th end of the year t he j1onthly average or conscrip\8 for th 1hol' y r will be about 13,500. r. Storke calculates tb • 1,00 l bourcr produce 135 tons u1 a year. On ~hie baais 1,822 t
111 h v b 1 roauced b y conscr i p t l abour. In other wor4e b7 V luntary l bOUt- d 1n chi n r y pro duQtion Will lU\V8 'been roqhlJ 16,678 tono. •
" n --. ,:; , . 1944 Pro spec "•
. -
•
•
6t
1;. 'i4 roa )~c.ts. r. StorKe . arncd the ~ inistry that output in 191+1--~ oight f 11 by 1,500 tons, owing to producers being f'orced to work lo er rade ground; anci that an average nonthly labour f'orce of' ~a,ooo ould be required to produce 17 , 500 tons (17,000, i~ 1943 outryut roves to be 18,500 instead of' 19,000) . ·A. 'r.L. N. hoHevcr .~ .... te ~hat · i th a labour fore e of' abo t the sru 1e size as in 191-t..J th€Y expect to Produce 9,620 tons as against 8,576 this year. Thie estin m takes ccount of' the f'act that more power rnay b available in 191-44 as the res l t of' building .1 e.t ... ti dam. .:e c lmot assume ho ·ever th.at other produc r ill be equally w<ell placed and an allowance :for f'alling v,.,lu s hould I think be .. iade. Given a labour f'orce similar to that of' 19 .3 n lloving t:or :falling values of' other producer·s the pooi tion oul be:-
• T ~ .1 • I L t 4· . By .echanical means b:· voluntary labour b~ conscript labour (6000)
Other Producers . •
_stio t~ for 1944 with l~bour force as ih 19lt3:
. ~.+ . ted pz:qquc t ion i n _l;Jflll:
7700 tons 1200 , _Z2~ .. u
•
• 29~Q
2l7L~
•
•
•
'rovided all conscl.,ipt labour is withdra\m a t the end of' 1943;
B. PPovided all conscri nt l abour is \/i tndraV\rn at the. end -of' Apr il, 19~.. · · · ·
• r.,akin .1~ • • IT ' s esti mate that 1,000 l abourers in a year produce 120 tons, the posi tioR v.roul d be appro.xj.ma tely as fol l o rs: -
•
A. T •• N.~ L t d. Other producer s (Average conscript
force 7500)
A. 'r . L.N., L t d • Other producers
•
5900 tons
8~14 tt
·say Tqtal:l1!14 l700J)
I
•
•
h abov f i gures presuppose tha t i t will be pos sible to maintain · the voluntary lubour force at t;he high level of 1943 , which i s by n o m ne cert a i n. ~aking t he t ot al labour for ce f i gur es g iven above for
c tember 19l..r2 t o .. :ugust 1943, and deduc ting the conscripts we hav e on vernge volunta~y l abour forc e over t wel ve months of 56,B24. In the years ryreceB.1ng ! 942 1+.5 ,000 '91Tas about the ·aver age voluntary force. Th t it was possi ble t o s t eu up thi ~ av er age by 25(~ was due to the cffo~t of two dministrat i ve officers specia lly pos ted for the ti ~lation of volw1t&ry labo~r supplies. I t i s presumed that these
1111 a1 b v ilabl e. · •
ith r 1 of on c~1 t Jabour : Pr os ana·cons. I .'~ro .. :--{ i')* Con, crip ion o labour f or nrivate er~~oYffient is eontrary
t ritisn ~o1icy; · (11) id t o be mlpo,ul ar i n Provinces and miiht evtn 1~ lead
o ~e t , \ ith conseg,uent dmJ1age to gen~ral ettort; { 111) interferes v 1t h p r oduc tion of other- vi.tal 111'0~~ (e. 8•
nn nut , grin ) , ( 1v) 1it b i' 1al of' grai11 1d othe~ too~stufta ~e.crl~ in
r t i on cal e to~ conscript mines l•bour ~
(v (vi
t r et f r o the productive ertort ot th• 1 terror a w:tth r ccrnttment for the •1-117; inv ol v a h vy e r and tear on rda(! and rat~ ~ onl tor t he 1 bottrere th ae1Te8 bat ax•G for tGO
u 1 ; ( 11
-
iii)
1) 1)
1 i)
(1 )
0 t-"1 {,
11 I If u C/JH 11 lt c.n 0 1 a u l O'l (}) 11 0 rt~
" u ;.1:::. ....:] CO (11 u I 0 u rt ~ ~- :r 11 " ~ '2 0 " j I {0 -J u :YCl> t-J <: .. .. u ( .... I l u lA • ::s ~ • u ;...I.. • • • lt I u C.J ' .. ..
t
44 111 absorb som of the availabl transport requir a ~
to move export products uch as oilseeds, etc. , duri1~g tJ the coming dry eason; ould r 1 ase for oth~r duties a number of Administrative
an ~edical orfic rs nmi occupied both 1ith recruitment and supervision of nes labour; ould relea e a ~~r of Eu opean mini ~loyeee
~or other duties; con cript 1 bour increases ov rall cost of tin; ( ccording to dat av ilable, by £12 per ton of or ).
Lo so~ about 1,800 tons of t · n; org isation nov in existence nd gradually nproving; considerabl sums alrea~ e>~en ed on provision and
qui ent of the nwn rous camps acco1 nodatin existin conscript labour force; 15,000 r1ay be held to be a small percentage of th 11,000,000 inhabitants of the jort e n Provi ces (alt ou h: in some r as not mor than 30,~ of the dul t mal populatioi' have b en found to b physic lly fit for I inc, la our).
I it is cided that the pros out¥eigh the cons , Wld that conac ipt labou_ hould be 71 thd. a~. , 1 rould 1,eco end that t 1 ahoul ~ done at the conv ience of employer , pro i ded th t 11 conscript labour h d 1 ft by the end of pril. This oul cnabl employers to liake th. nece sa:ry djust , ts. I~
1 is d. 1ded to continue ith conscription 6 , 840 a ditional l avo to be fo'Wl.d, - the r jori ty- to replace L1 rs ot the
~1 t ibe ho have prov phy ic lly unsuited to th ork th 1 d to e t 1ncr as d nd by employer • Conscripts
o ~ h nesf1el ar p actically all grcrr~ers or :potential o of g oun ut nd a1 •
lan
gr in
,~~ rl~ ecision is r uir d a empl oyer s are no eki ng or ding to improv i.a..lojft. t11ei r camps ; also
no r ~ y o -.u-p lying the minesfield with r 1 i ~·
. -11 ()) tJ
•• ry-
u 0 .. UJ ro ' I
... .--· •• sn ..... .....,. o~ I S ::_j 0 CA <.q • 0 "" ('t at
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,
UJ.
I lla .. Vc ~ ~ t c:le;G. C~',l.ilents to v' CI1 ( rr,~ I l
· c t~.. ""' f t i1-.; f i ,..,. ur p •
\ o u.-a 1 n v 1 ~ e ~"F. r) t i c u.l a r ~ t t ~ 11. t i 0 n t J 1- ~ rH ~- . 0 .c. ~ .... o ' + • 1 n~ t =J t• w ... _._. V'v~o_.l .L, c;.Jer-- ~ 101 , c u. rle uc-8..; 18 c :;1011.C the r_ci vs.
I 11 t hi s c -> nr1 e c -~ i 011. , I ' .. o u.l ci a.l o o I' e fer t o t 11 ..; de ci ) at c h f r u ~n the C. • G. I- if! er i --;_ , of 15 • 9 • ~ 3 r :. o • 51 u n 1 -- ·-1 1-9 Social SePvices d(:;aligg l:ith ti1e f.._U.eJLion of· cu 1 ·1c..1'_ tion )
\ I 0 L) • ' ..=3 '
f•or de8ths a~onr~ eorlscript·-=. ln tr1is i1c r~fers to 'tl1e .:·'}1'l
.zre~ter risi~ of sickness· to 'l1ic!1 tt1ese people are t-.. ~oJec on 8CCLunt of their cot11pulsJry ~6rvice,and he goes 0n to ~Jrecast '300 d.eatl1s. j_,~o fi~·ur·~s of· tl1c total 11u:.1b~1·s e.rr-ployed are given,so ,roportions can~ot be ~scerteined,but the nu'Jlber is a stRr·tling une, tRken in eonjt;nct iun 1.. i t~1 the q t .L ~ c 11 :::. ~ f-1 1· P' ·1r ~;) 1:" ._. l,; .l VU. J.. L' L V a..) •
_:is cone ludin~ paree;ra Jh refers t J a further des~)a~ch "on the subject of the dec-- th and .:;ic1mefJS rates ••• f~r· c~'ll-'Jl~i cation to the International LebJur vffice. 1~1s .111 -oresu:nably lead to v~ider publicity,· i th the ~)rubabili ty of .... so~e severe criticis~.
...1. t, .L , 1-. ""' __ ,K 1r: 0 r c ~nnl pf'P vfficio.l fi-I sugges G ·11a u YJe StluU n ~:'_~) ·-- _ .-'J ¥ ....
- ~ure~~ a t ~n earl y; date. . c. ._, . '· r ,...,-1y C' ' l,., ._::.)n-r-0 ,.;.1·c11 l D ,. n-- ,., e .L o ~l .. .J. u. .. ....... v ::.J • i - ..
I -o a s s t hi s t h. r· o ug .1 r • ~ _s u. u :tJ ...
he :nay ..... i sl1 to ~,l:~ke .
. ~ _. ... .... -
T
L
·--. --~-
__ ...... ..... --91
9
----~--~--
-------~----
98
69
11)9/.;
--...... ,.~ ... --
__ .. .. __ .. ...
----· ___ ,
l
---c= ---------~--·---------~--.~~ .... -...
=
LG
October 1942.
l~overnber n
December u
Januar'JT 1943.
February
1 •• a.rch 11 ·
April " Iv .. ay "
IN .S o .. l IG1:.,
S.uT.JC:CT ED 01\h i!,h.S •
DESERTIONS.
428
727
251
228
804
727
269
PEitCENTAGE DLSEhT rorJ-..~ 0
25
35
7
4 •
11
9
8
4
D • ••• •
•
p .tJ.C ·J~TA GE SICl .
4
6
3
3
6
5
6
7
e 1\u l •J. tt\j
• J.B
' CF\~ ·uBr
ouD1;. ''-{~.\.H':Ul ou 8.d'8~8 2\,'\f
-- __ .. _ .- ... -----------·--~-~ ... .... -~-" -------ll
" u l9
__ ...~A- ............. .. -.. ,r------11 ll n u
" ., 11
~1 ~
91
9
-------_. ___ _
8£
99
--·------4r---
____ .. ~ -----·
oc u ll 11 ,, 69 60£
•
\ I& 1L 1\ u{ a I) 9~ ll Co>Jrnen t _,n the alJOVe fi cured . In t\. o ~-110nths , vctubt.:r ·md ~:uv-.:nb~r,
ese r i ons PCCl-unte<J --ur GO;' of th<- t-.>tFl l abour force , \.ith Hnother
over the wl1 )1 ·- l"leriol\ uf eight ~nontho, nescrtion a~nounts to over 10~ PW~ y ~::) i c1t.
1001 , ~ i th :tb s<:lnee du e t . .J siclmess in a.ddition.
ll
, , t:l ., t · 1 :;) d f 1· Ln: ur e s to
"'u a n a 1 ys i :3 i n i•_rrposs i ble in tnv a o c;t!11Ce or o.e ·,:u V .
bh ow nu':Tlber• of days worl..ed, l<.m~;th uf c:)ntr· et, etc .
PR!"L
,. .. y
. -
• • T"' Y' T -
•
c:+ 0
- ~ C ~r.i,' r • ~I ·------~-----~~~~~~---- ''(j 1 -------- -- --- - ll - .. _, 4v_ --,...--- -,. ..:. ·----~~~~. ---------------- -------- ... .___ n __ ---._----- ... _ - c· ( ~I'" ) r r ( ~ ------------...... _____ _
•
....... " l\n_ .BL~ TIVs) ' " ----------
--.r- - ---===--- - n - & "'J;..;:;;, ... •• vl) ...:.~ u •l-t " -------------.... .... = ::: • 1: = = = - -- .... 1" ...J • .., ( s k .... tt j' D D ----=c":t.::ar::a.:::-:-:::..:: b.:_-!::::--;.-::::a~---!1___ o otc Camn) 11 v .:~ l , I v. ays ays " v. Days Days D 11 ---,---==,------ ' '~.
Dail:· lost lost ~':'ally lost ,ays " "v • l',uys Loys " J.. v T----~-~~=~==·~·==•oo=--= St1•en- s!.ck in :: stren- sick f i~~ia- 1
fst ::Caily lost 1;st :~ e.iiy ~~;~ i"Y8 :: Av , -L&;:=,=·~; •==• _ th. f in hcs')i-'• L th, in • n ::stren- sick in ::st1•en- sick est :: Laily lest lest
C n o t ion F OS') i- 11 t;th • in dos pi- 11 -th i in " Stt·en- sick ick amo tal. : Camp. chicken tal. :: Clime. tal, :: b • n Hosoi-:: bth, in ~in
""""' "" = = ,., .. " "'"====If"===== "==== """ ~g~ ;,= """"""""",:;,.,.,.,,. = "---- :: Camo • tal, :: Can:o • P.os, ltaJ.. . n " ---- =~:===a .. ===,~= ~=,=-~ a--. 11 1171 76 ( ID~ 1054 , 2915 2688 466 (3D 1: 713 943
217 (
2D ~11 1432
-- = =•rrc•:~•::a a=•::. •=a:•rr==
, 1178 109 •• - -,, !' " 11
59 :: 990 2431 8397 139( 2D I. 580 622 429 :: 1435 ~309 5~ :: _
q 11 " :: : 1303 2943 1743 80(lD~ 862 039 l40(1D;, 1375 1605 189 :: H!l IJ 11 ll 11
: 963 1849 2604 224 :: 853 681 139 :: 1479 1694 95 :: 338 11 11 ,,
607
652 309
6EO 74 6
577 86 4 I
I 16 541
--
--
36
q , 11 ,,
" 735 784 630 33 11 ll01 2331 80 11
1616 1823 50 11
~72 n . rt " '' ----- ,Jl_--- --- ---- - - ---- -- - ------- .w-- ---- ---- - --- ---- a ------ -- ... --- ------ JL ... ------ ----- -----.-- ..
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------,_ ____ _ --- - - " ------ ----- -------- ------- jl--- --- ----- -------.. ------ ------ ---- --~r------- ----- ---------
h " ,, tl " 1 1 5 86 9 49'"' ~'922 16062 942 If 56 6 00 tl J I lt
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El 6J78
540 26
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---------------------- ------ ----- -----==~==: _______________________________ _ -------~--~---------------------- - -~---~----...... 658
TOTAL r~~N/DAYS LOST AT ABOVE ChHP~ = 45,221.
ANALYSIS 0? ABOVE COLUi .. NJ FC .. ~. TIVS AHD >JCKUr.i'~ & HUP::
'" Av erage no . of days 1o~t per ·nan pl..!r ~onth , ignor ing iso1at1on figureo.
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. -iiay.
or a n average (Th i s i s over pe r annu~ for
3 . ~4 (cpnrox. ) 2 . 7 ·~) 3 .... . 2 . 15 1 . 1
of 2. 3 over five :nonths. one ,1orking ~nonth ~lost every ~an e~n1oyea . )
I I
Average no. of days lost ~nu nth.
Jan. 1.6..., Feb. 1 . 75 j,,a r . 1.~..v
• 96 Anr. -11Ja y. .... . 18
uer ~nan per -
1 ~ r1·ve .n011ths or an (:jv>r'"'ge uf . <>v vv~r "· v .... 18 daus lost per onnun \ '1' hi s i t.' \..' v e r e)
f'or ev~:;ry ~nan ~·nploy~d) I
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- ' - o -e ;n t ne bove fir·u~~;:~~ ~ Co~:rp' re northo;.; rn area ..... res'.:.lt .... '· i th those for l"'outhern rea on the p~ t; t1ou ... paee ; e far· largt;r pr·o,~rtion of ,..,b"-~~nce -ue to ciclr..ness is due to t1~e in h..,spital,rather· than in c:; :o. ~he nvrtt.ern ,..,nd !~e 1o~al"'" tribes ~no\, resultr· that are not O"'d , thouE!-. f·::=.r. frv:n good. T:.e -llC ('""CUvherner .. J on the contr·ary sh..~\, a ...,Jri-JUc r •• uUl!t of sic:fr..ness , and in nr-rticul,r , a ver~' .. eavy de th rate. r.l_lhe aver rJ no . ~~.0loye i s 95C , ith ~o der"""h"' in five ~nonths ; i.e. a rate uf 96 per· an .. u"' .• _ .. :...:; rives a death rate
f 101 n~r ~ille p~r rnnu~. -In the ... O~t;\ hat . i~ni1ar circu·nstances of the recr·ui tin· in _·d1cbde.;ia for · ;..~rk .Jn th~ RAnd , t! e f .Jrrner f'i ~ure of de. ths .... ~s ~ver 60 _ -=!· ~Ule, and tl:i3 led to the i '1lpos it ion of the ban on r0c rui t ing. In 1938 , I f' 1 t justified in reco~-~enr1in that thi~~ should be liftea,on th~ strencth uf a r .. d.dction in de ... ths of non-r·..:r:·r·u.i ted l0bour· to a fi,r:ur·e uf 17,. 5~ ... 'J.'llis has oinee b en reuuced. r·on.·ider' bly. 'l'he J Ui V" 1t:nt fin.ur·ec for the .t{hooe.·ian ~lines ere t th t t i,.e ( 1900) 15. 9CJ for rthud c b ian,J , und lcs. 1 for· Hyasas; the e fi urt;:S ve
ql':o b..: n c·oncidcr blv rt;(Uct.:a ~inct: . ""-'u11 nd cu~,..,1e;te . n~lyui.· i ~ not os ·ib1e , ~c the fi rv are nut
• ·1' en
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to be 11 tle r oubt th .. t th.. out'1. n r f ~1 cut 1 .. t lt;; tv te c of ths Jo 1'" t~ u, ne 1 c tl o r·L.c· ti n· ro) r-· n t_;•,cnt r
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Follmring :from the ]UCl'Otur,y o · ~tate fJI'i v .te 11c per)corJ.al fol~ LOI"~d Cr)cJr1oorne. .t5e .;i no.
I 1D,rzy- thanl<S LOl') YOUlJ lJI)i vate (A;nd t Jlesl'cun o:f ;_;~1th . )e_ntembei·, amplifyj_n; the cli.scussiorl on COll,scr)irJtiorl of lalJour. --
0 E3l)8011Iil .... 0abinet
I agree that 1nvest.ic:u.tion n0\1 contem:.Pla.L..O by the Cabinet would be on l1Ui te a ui .'I erent basis LO that .. hich I had in contamplution in sut.Jmitting my r·e ~ommendations. i thin1c Pl'ODa Jly the best arp· n2v no. '.lill IJG for me to discuss \lith oore in Hc.irobi und for nothing to be aone urrtil I get home and can ha.ve oJ word ;,ri U1 you in tl1e lit3ht of that discus...,ion. Fr·unr.;Jy, I cannot s .t, ll.O'J \;e cc.n compll:tely eliminate t.he ulument oC pi·ivate )l·ofit in u place like I e~ 'there \lC have no oractical substitute for the pr1v te "armer. -1 s a: resUlt of my visit to the r.orthe!'fl 1 rovinces in J~i ·eria, I have seen for oyself t t conscription for tin mines presents an entirely . dii' ·erent problem to that with which we are faced 1n b;a~st .tlf.rica et,nd I pl~opose that I tuke the matter u o rny 1)eturT1 to Lonuon .
thu I vlc.t~J very 1lad indeed to hear on the ir
otherJ uu.,y that \Ve are to be even closer n 1 h • 1n uttlr~e tr1an \ve nave b en in the last .
c -Note on Progress Report for the
first six months of
1943.
•
(1) Health. The stress laid in the report on the climatic conditions as a cause o~ the high mortality rate suggests that neither the housing nor the clothing is adequate. That there is an overcrowding in housing is indicated by the incidence or cerebro-spinal meningitis, but it is remarkable h ow the cases have been largely confined to recruits .from Benue. Excluding the deaths :from cerebrospinal meningitis and undiagnosed causes from the tot-al number of deaths for the first half of 1~3, pnuernonia~ accounts for over 20~ of the remainder. This may be due to inadequacy of clothing in a climate colder than that to which the labour is accustomed. It may be of interest to mention that in th.e construction of the sunlillit levels of the Kenya-.
Uganda Railway, labourers ~rom country round the ~ke shore were used and were thus.subjected to
a great change of temperature. Thtst difficult ~' ~ overcome by the issue of a sufficient numb of good blankets ~nd by the provision of good meals
-..__... w 1 th a high c al ori;-value.
The high percentage of undiagnosed deaths, arnoun~Jto 20/o or the total number of deaths reported in the rirst half of 1943, is particularly • ~ ~·€/tv<--<. 'q. ,
(2) Diet. The calor1 value of the diet on the corn ration is 3,200 to 3,400 and on the yam ration 2,500 to 2,700. EVen on the corn ration the figure is low considering the nature of the work and the climatic conditione it would be desirable for the protein to be incre~sed by the provision of vegetable
is considered that the salt ration should be ra1se to a minimum of 3i ozs. a week. More salt than thiS is desirable if the labour ·iS emplqyed in ill-
ventilated
:?:'he nW!7ber or. destbs t .. rom dysentery and ~~srrnoes lndic~tes ~v~siderable intestinal disorder, n~ch r-~ be d~~ .. ~~ the n ture of the diet or to
.lmproper ..:ooki~ The cooldng di.rt"'ic ul ty has been over~ome in other labour centres by the issue o£ co~~d rood rrom ~ommunal kitchens. This arrangement w~~a ~lso overcome the ditt,iculty caused by the selling o-~. ~ ... st1ons.
need f~l Medi.:al int'orr•Jat ion required. Information is labo::. ln .. ;:~ard to voluntary as well as conscript broups r~1~4 rates as well as death rates ~or both as to t;e ~~our sho~d be given, and also information
1:.r -~ is exa:L:ined• ~er or d1spensar1es at which the labour hos~itals r~r he number or beds available in the various
-ot' the hC>Srirt ;he_ acconmodation or labour, the location adequacy 0 j t; s,... ln r~lation to the mines and the
e SUpp]les or drugs.
F'Ull . and ~ - ~n1'ormat~0:1 is r~r aesert~on rates and required as to death, sickness tiStiCS .... .. e.: to the attach~d t i~ this connection i man, a ~~ed to vOnf'~de t · '"" S at~st~ S h · 1::1 3
- - ..;.Jimi ted.n ~ally f'rom the Amal J.a.::at if 1rcl}- ha ye been obtained (7) on been ,.,,..d The t'ollo.7in_ COllll eg t ed Tln M1nes of Nigeria sneets.
"-UCl e :- .""(!) 11 n s on these f'igures have ,
(a) In two deserti Months, Octob with an~:t;:ccounted f'or 60~ro;~d November, 1942, eight months .le,_ ... (j -:ray sick. over he total labour fore e'
amounts t wh1ch the stati$· the whole period of' due to Bicok ov~r ~OO;o ot: the l:~s cover, deGerti on
ness ln additio~ our f'orce, with absence
1 (b) The f'oll 01vi os~ thro~h sickn~ a~alysis or the tab nlng district ss ln the souther les or man-d~s
f'rom January t n areas or the o J.ay, 1943, has baen made -
,
56 Tivo. tiokoto and Hupc.
Avera e no. of days lost per max1 p~r month, i g norlng isolatio11 figures.
Average no. or days 1of:it per man per month.
Jan. 3. 24 ( aJ.Jprox. ) }
1eb. 2. rt l .ar. 2. 3 Apr. 2.15 l.ay. 1.1
or an average of 2.3 over :five months. (This is over one ~orking month lost per annum :for every man employed.)
Jan. 1. 62 l.<'e b • 1.75 I ar . 1. 25 Apr. • 96 I.ay. 2 .18
or an avera1;e of 1. f'5 over five months. (This in over 18 days lost per annum for every man employed . )
(c) Comparing the results for the northern areas with those for the southern areas, a far larg~ _,roportion of absence due to sickness is accounted for by ti.1e in hospital Jii8~F.wr than i1 camp. The northern and the local tribes show results which are not bad, althou&h far from good. ·~he 'l'ivs on the contrary show a serious amount of sickness and in particular a very heavy death rate. 'rhe average number employed was 950, With 40 deaths in five months, i.e. a rate of 96 per annum or 101 per thousand per annum. 'rhe equivale::t :'igure for the Rand mines in 1938 was 1'7 • 52 per thousand and this has since been reduced considerably. The equivalent figures for the Northern Rhodesia mines in 1936 were 15.9 for Northern Rhodesia labour and 18.21 ror Nyasas. These figures have also been considerably reduced si nee. 'Vhen the figure for death rates per annum ror Rhodesian labour recruited for the Rand mines rose to 60 per thousand, a ban on recruitinb was itposed. fhe great dir.ference in the conditions on the Rand and in Northern Rhodesia is appreciated, but the comparative figures are of interest.
(d) Complete analysis of the figures is not possible without information as to number of days ·.torked, length of contract, duration of employment, etc.
/(e) haf decided to send away all
the Ni eria Goverrunent labour from the mines
in ~.. ~ ;ti c...·k,v ;Jr;--! ff( I~
~ lo
•
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ln "'iew 0 .-. no O!TJ..c; - 'the hi.6 h Si k
-sl ~r.r"o . -c.. nos.; Dnd death rates hut rr.qtlon r. 0 '
1~ is i!iJn - r. i.s ei'i'ect h•zs been received . subr..:it teJ Clrta.nt tl:zat "'f' • • ~
Coveri1"Jg Sll0~- lC.ls.L iP •. t'orma.tion should be vhe sbove points snd statistics.
;
57
.icS a to on 3 :.ts _, .
Copy.
•
Dear Creasy,
l'inistry of' Supply , ~ r-arlton House Terrace,
London, S . VI. 1.
1st September, 1943 .
3
58
_.., : \ Your letter of' the 26th August with regard to our
need f'or lTigerian tin production in r elati on to the compulsory native labour. ·.le are a little in the darY: as to how far t he present production de~ends on comp,_lsory labo,·r , but if' its withdrawal would mean a substantial reduction below the pre sent output. we feel we should resist this stron ·ly, unless the nolitical diff'iculties ·.·,ere unsurmountable. It is true that at the moment our tih position is comparatively com~ortable and ther~ is a ten~ ency with our present allocation for U.K. stoc ~~ s to rise . But world nroduction available to the United Nations is still below consu~ption,and while the American stocks are at the noment high, they are eating into them and will continue to do so . They are very concerned about tin, and particularly tin ore supplies. anct are continually uressing us to release to them some of our allocation of ore . Recently, against our wishes, we han to agree to the d iversion to then of some of our Bolivian ore this year . It is important. therefore. that we should continue to ~et the ~aximun quantity possible from Ni~eria, and although we have modified our attitude to the Nigerian producers, in view of the difficult attitude they have taken up on the question of compensation for abnormal methods of working, we do not in fact anticipat.e it wi ll make any real difference to thei r p r oduc t ion. We have asked them to aim at 13,500 t ons of tin in ore for this year, and we should on present indications aim at the same for next, but for your own information , we should be reasonably satisfied if they maintain their present production of about 12,000 tons per annum . As you know, the trend of Nigerian production ex equali. is downwards .
On
G.H. Creasy, Bsq . ,C . r . G. , Colonial Office,
Downing Street, S . V. l .
•
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--OUTWARD TELEGRAM
60
)74/4.~
pher (o.T.P.)
•
s ent 24th August, 194~· 15.45 brs •
No.477 seoret.
Yol.l:t3 telegl'am No.641 Gonf1dent.ial.
1. ·Iou will see from my telegram to Governor, Kenya, repeated to you aa No,476 that 1 have deo1ded tha1i review of existing arran.getrents for oomyulaor'J labour in East .4frica i.s required •
2. Continuance of compulsion will increasingly need justification and I regret that I ca~~ot agree to extension of period of employwent as you suggest. It would offer ent1rel7 nsw point of attack and arguments in support do not seem to be euff1cientl~ conclusive~ Fo~ example, with regard to paragraph 3, it is not clea~ that the ~ainy period has prevented movement of labour in previous years, vide Labour Report for 1941. Korecwer the faot that military laboul' u recruited for longer periods does not justify extension of term of comp~sory service in private oiv1.11an emplo:,rrnent.
3• , At ~he rlsk of soma increase in total numbora reoru1~ed, I consider that present uax1mwn period oould be reta1nedG But as explained to Gove~nor, l.on,e. it will be necessary henceforward to justify use or compulsion 1n 1ndi.v1dual industries and it aeeaa
doubt~
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·This document mus< be P"aph.ased If the communication of Its contents to any person outside Government Service is authorised.
380~/42
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I c:un a:fraid this :file was rr1i slaid in Lhe .1ove nnd 11ence 11as been. dela:~ed.
I have not read the corresponding re or·cs on the co11di tion.s under wllicl'l coilscrint lab ur is employed in Kenya and I, chere~ore, do not Ja1ovt \V11etll.er I have been Uild1...1ly de1)ressed bjr the accorn1.t :fro1n t11e social v.1el:fare ·point of' view. .the general in1pression is that tl1e Goverru:Len.t a11d enrployers are trying to avoid th.e supe1~ision nade necessary in the case of conscrip~ labour (sec ·paragraphs 3 Etlld 5), ar1d tl1e,.l are spe1J.ding consider·a·ble effor·~ and personnel in a)pointing Ad.rni11.istra·~ive O:f:ficers to r·ecruit and in ar::ru1ging :for the ea tell ing o:f 9-eserters (see paragraph 8) \Vi thout devoting r11Uch real effort to enQ_lJ.i.ri:·J.g i11.to the reasons for -cl1e d.islike o:f theS6J .. ~'fo11. o:f J.abour . .t'lle atte11tion to foorl scales (paragraph 19) vvas a·pparently a11 aftertnough·li an.d \te still clo 11o·c 1mow \111ether 1neat - tl1e grec(v attractio11. eo labour o:f this }{ind - is given, or in \lhat a1110un ts . Climatic changes maJ<i11g la1)0llr un villi11g to stay at vv-orlc are no .. __, disc11ssed . ..11.
bonus is the Governor ' s 0111~r ·pl~oposal to attract labour and this strikes one as a veP\J small one. (Even this is to l)e naid :for by the l. inistry of upply although a par en ~ly the employers h ve t- _e
be11efi t of c o11script labour a11d 11.0 E . P . ·r . is in force). lhe quest ion of 'hether there are ufficient goods in kind for nauives to buy is also
no discussed, nor the question of discipline in t e ines. ( 1he r eL1ark q_u.oted il1 the last parag:. aph,
ge 12, does no-c a1<:e one hopefUl on this -poi11t) · It is 1 o lJ cl ear frotn. this report also ho\1 far
e recru:t~ng policy is adjusted to the food c ·on olicy (a art fran references in
""""" .... -r-,r hs 15 and 21 , al thou h 1 t sea s fro thiS and
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. -
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- .
't$ ·ovc 10 1 )C ---
·ea i f'J' c
I hope that c .; t e r
of' se o:r rib cry .. 1 yers :r. .: ib r · ·f'ers, re , ~ :1 a vu
the 27th s lected
etJ.cl o·
4 ,
0 e • c t fo 0 r• c f' leG ( • • r• I • c ul 1 'k ·ve co,JJenlJ~J· hi v t,
r _o a ·o e . l ,yecl ( seE... •
..
I
•
) e shou 1 a r a . . . , : re o .. ·
I ~~ a so 'L.. .:. c ,a"*'..z:-t e ove .en~ ould .... ve e -:: _d of en · · r-tJ i_. ..l .c . ti ve ~~ r· ... suc.1 .s Dr • . :a_·•"c.re-r _ .. ead ... · ce _tlJ d::..d ·'n t e c se o,..· .~ras land r.. i.: ed In t e .2n . · ion al L ab 01~ r .~.. ev i e .1 . ! e ·.7 ]..:_ ~
o r · of i s ~~.:.. . _ _ _ e e do nr- i _ c se of' :,. i rre ·ia a ... u i ·c 1i 11 · _·e 1.:..-·ecl """~+'ter Lt _e .rar J' i:' ~ lt~ re o"t .vaila le ... o·1 . I CJ • e o,.... -i-.~le .o
• 1. c se is ere .
26 . 3 . 43 .
e .
•
n
•
•
•
•
,
, 49 or "'(jfi r .. ~s of' ae~ect~
+ ~ ",... 0 oVH'._ 1 I
• •
• • •
• • ' • •
• •
• • •
• •
• .... • •
•
-• d .
•
• •
•
I
Although, accordilg to this report there has been a considel~{ble improve1nent
•
in some resuects ln the conditions ur1der ~vl1icl h conscript laboul~ worlts, ~ nurllber of disturbirlg factors rerrain. The~l are
s follo rs : -
( l)
( 2)
(3)
(4)
It dequate housing an~ conditions .
cratnued -
The high sickness r ates number of deaths due to undiagnosed diseases.
and the
Possibility that health and sanitation conditions, although improved, still remain unsatisf ory.
Th
•
•
•
• •
•
•
•
,
•
•
et-
1
. r • t.
' • -.I t
o e l.L e l
• 1rs , n
l
t ... ee lC thi ~ ornin1· ·t t tny
}b 31
1 r t ' l1 d t 1 ~.. ;it h. l". ~ fli ne, J ' lj or Orcle nro 111 •
•
He tol r e on or t\J o i ntcP si in.. tllillCS tbout ::>
r se n t c on i ti on on till~ t j_ n t nine s in 1~ i .. cri·'- . : "
•
o:r t 11 tl1ir<JJ
c ... · s h vi~w tl1\. L t.h use of conc.>cri ted 1 bour i ht incr ') . e proclucti n by ·::tbout 1 ,000 tons ~uctio o ore ov PI'oduction of· 17,000 ton~. U to no\~
o' i t 1 t t. ib }nbOUJ" 11~ d. hA.d little e:ffe~t on ction s it had been ~ninly occu ied 1ith
cl rin · :;· v the overly ing rock. 11e tho11 ·ht, o ever, t.h t it r Jigh.t l1nve the effect he C escribed
this ye,.r . 'l.his is of' ~3on1e interest in connection \11th the gener 1.1 <lU ~stion of tl1e em·ploy1 1ent of conocript lc'l)O\::JP, but I in1agine tl1nt tl1e gener a l
e j ll d i c e of' the 1 d i nine rn r-1 n :~g a i n s t t l1 e use of this exf)ensive tyr)e o:f l a.l)our t1ust 1)e t 8.'"en into ccount in assess1n~ the value of his opinion.
I asJ eA !·.r. Boyes ~i/l1e ther he tl1ough t that the number o:f cbnscripts (rvas lilcely to be increased at
lcbo e seve ll, C.:L ( • LO.L a. ~ la
be )0 th ·c l1e .e
tl1e end of tl1e f·1r11ing se~son. I gatl1ered that he ' s not cl J~lre o:r any pro)osals for any large incre· se
Jie sn.id tl1at just tJ(~fore he left the Tivs hnd been rernoved because of their hieh e)ickness rate and he thought ~hat the number of conscripts now employed was well below 14,000.
i th regard to the diet, he thinks what is being provided for the conscripts is more than ~~ple and he said that a goo 1 d~al of it was sold. ~ th g t reg rd to blankets one is provided for each the conscript t the receiving station and one more for d
rainr season. lot of these are also sold.
1th regard the
to sickness, he expressed the rates were du' to the fact t h t
o ll7 ~.,...mined b. nded their t •
•
•
la~c~r is non to get; little ll:L"'re th.n sn ~O! uhe m ne: nr.ich is deductec~ and the ~ncressed ccsts should te ve~y small.
s.CieCluate return compar.,y 's
l
•
-- ... s
l- -- - -.... ~ e-• •
- -
e
• - • '
l ' , • •
- • ~
l - ... ' . -' l l rters - - J -• ~ - e • ~ r• s son - -et •o i 1:.11 re.uirement -.... •• - en. ,.,., ' . .... .... e J' ~..L ~n._, 0 ~ -... • ~ e .. s 11 l be ~ ' 0
· i et . . r the t t r con· t otJ s -cl~ ... _'t- •
~ c_ sed. ""r · "t; ng u ... orce. J. the e th t th re
r e - fi~st but t.is no1 ceased e ~ r ~1 -~' ~e. the conscri. ts part ;, • ... ... .•e h a !~d to incre'lse the ... or ~ elr or·inary 1 bour.
-....
I
•
•
• • •
32 -
u..
The f'ollO\ ill[ re ort 1 n. continu tion of' in .Tanuary o thio real' n CO\ ere the irst siA
tho.t submitted onths of' l9l~3.
Production _Eigures.- -----------------------------------------------·----------Cassiterite
1943 Tar et; 19000 tons
~·=ol=f'~~ Co1umbitc
•
•
1943 Target; 19t~3 Target; 283 tons 800 tons.
---... ..... ' ,... - rt
... V'Gl)'J ..:> i ~ . -.l-=1-l=··- · •
Pron ·~he Of'f'icer J.d.rninistel"ing the Governnent of 1 IGt;UA.
~o ' ... 'he )ecretary of State ='or the Colonies, :.oliDOH . Date : lGtll .J. uuust, 19! 3 . !o. 667 . Saving . -
i -
'\
3
CO~ "FIDEl'ITIAL . •
I ~urtller to my Conf'idential '3 .... v~P..r....; 'tele'"'ram _ o.l42 of the 20th of February, ! enclose hereuith three co)ies o" the thir<l of' the periodical reports on concU tions in the .inesfield l"'Cndered b;-l the ~d.r!linistrut i ve i)i'i"'ector- of' :~inerals Product ion.
•
2 . The rate of death and sickness a.!:l.ong the selected labour has u:ncJ.oubted.ly been high UJ! to the pre3ent, o-:il'l[; to the severe climi;l.te, the urr;ent :1ecessi ty for acceleratin__, :production, ru.'l.C.: the difficulty of pl'ovit:.inc o.:lequate hospital accommocation and other meclical ::'ucilities a.t a. time '\hen the e,~ical sto.ff Lad been reduced to a bare ninimum an ever:r r..vc.iJ.able r:1ar.. hud. been released for service '. ·i th the Til.ili tc.r:· . : :. .... -.,e e·very L.ope tl'l..at the ste)s ·~-h:"..ch ·1 .... ve been an(. re oei:)[; 'ta1:e:'l to :"ectif~,r the situation 'ill :!:•esult in a consi .e "able ii :prove r." :.. • the situation.
·-
•
c r cal power supplies s ~ ~n~ o:egrnr~~-!t u~-.oont~n~d~i~the a consequent loss of out~u t . ano\11:-::tng ,..t~his "Ol'odnction up to the fi r st five months of 194.:>; :tn sp:t lie 0 - +h.., '
0:-..... esponclins perio i 1
end of J .ay ,,3.:.3 87 tons abo\ ~ tfh~i ~~~s "y~·--~ ~1~s been none too 1942 . UJ) to tho present ro.l.n .. c..
plentiful .
olfro.m e ts for 1oi~- 1 a;:;· be S\u:t ... Lris~\.l .. ",.;> Production pros
Od wi Syndicut~ l'"O uc ra on c
• • • it
• • • • • • • • • for tin • • •
• • •
• )
-
____ ... , • , r III.J.llt::r 1 , r o<l t L< :.1 on, ___ .._1; ~ tJJ- •• n. lltfCwccn () (.1 nncl J. , J.OO uuu11.i(IJl.,U] t.<.j):)·~ of.' c u lit r1t L
a Y l~ut t:L ' t '1" tl ~ collctrllctiuiJ of' l.h t ~ l1uJn lt·Ld lH..;OJ l~cr.un J.t, wun di~Ct1VCL''CU tll~ t t.ll~_; Cc.)lltoUJ c<l 1)1:..!11 un Hllicb t.hc CU.]JU<..:ity <J ' th(, dam .1 .. ~ had DcC..~.1 c t1 t lat;c(l \,Q::; illCLCCUl'uto . A r ·ccurvcy 0.1.' Lh c l..oD c ~vn f. c,ur h .... reveal c 1:h~ t the c~ 11:lcj t.y !•tu:>' I)· coru ·iclcJ ·ui>Jy c) · : l1,o1 · - ,,rrr· tlUIHi u._. 1 uch ~"'--O 1 J,oo, ooo,ooo c u b i c f'cet . en 1i.J ·. L~ t orJ c ' : .... o.(lvi r:o a 1--COllJ lctcJ~ new :'_!Urvcy i~; l)ci11; Jnaclc in or-dcJ to ol>i.u:i il n~: prc:.;c~ne a :fi :u1·e uo pornibJ.c .. PI'iina f'ucic iL lool\.r~ :not u:hli1ccly t .l u'L t he 'Pcnti ciirun Jn:-."tY be J.o.rc;l'l' t.ltan ir~ nc:cessary to i lnpoHI1t1 t1 ! rt,.,cluircd ~h 300,000, 000 cubic ~ect of' Hater . ...r
-~uro.nean St .. ff~p ... ProU.ucer~. cuntinuu to r. t r·u~c;l<.:. ulont_t: \l11, h a 1 inimurn o · .;uropc..!an st ctf':f, all of' \Jho1n h.· vc h~ d to YJorl vc:x·y l one hOU.L"E: , Blld do SC' f'or the rno:·t pul t \.'j th Vt:.ry li ttlc g rumbling Uild plel t .r of' [:ood v.rill. 'L'he 8UI)er vj.ni on 0.' ' CC)llnCl' i )L l til>Our in p~ rticul ur llccesG~trily e11tai J s a consi("l_cr-alJl ~ OJ1ount of extra 1or1 .... , without alzy corresponding inc rEase of' c tu1"1'. E8oential recluj_l"cmcnto in the J latter 0.!.' I'CI'SO!lll8 l h ... l V t: to 0 [_;rcat e):tCllt bE .. C!l lJE.:t by recruj. tJ 1011t .f'X'oin the nol d Coa~ t in rccctlL 1 to11.t lt: ~, f'ollo~Jin''~' or1 t he roctrict io11 o..L· gol d 1 )i11ine, act i v:L tief~ j.11 Lh~.J. t eoJ.ony .
Labour . Col1um1 ]_1 b e low oho\n..; the t otal lni nesfi e l a_ l al)our for ce I -
month l>y 11onth since the irrt e11uivc; rocrtli ti tClt.t of' l ocul l ubour and tl e il.IJ1ortat i ol1 o:f co11ccrird~ 1a1JoUr' l)ec~ul . l•' or· r>urpocec of' comparisonfi. :urt-s f'or the c o1·1---~:::r)ondin[; 111onth :..; o:f' 191-1-1 m1.d 19 1 ~2 are
. . 1 1 {J~ '\Ten lil CO U.T1ll1 : -
Column 1. October 19L~l J~ovcmber " Dec ember " Janu ary 1942 February " .1\iurch " April " r~ a y "
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
T1onthly average ..•
49, 05L~ 49,080 '-~8, 206 53,054 56,186 57 , Lt.08 53,015 L~, 835
51, 35L~
Coltmm I I.
Oetobe r 1942 . . • 62,609 l~ovember " . . . 64,942 Dec en1ber u • • • 70, 802 January 19LI-3 • . . 79, 535 February " . . . 80,358 1.1 arch " • • • 77,709 Aprj_l " • . • 71,382 J,~ay , • • . 61, 528
TJiontlllY a v erage... 71 ,108
As stated earlier in tl1is report, o:r t h e total Iluml)e:c of ~onscripts brought to the Plateau betv1een 3,000 and 4, 000 uerc suppl~ed t o the Nigerj.an lnectric i t y ~ Sup1)l y Corporat i on , I,td . , b~tween February 1~d the end of ' June :f.or t l1.e con s truction oi' the ·ran~ J. d~: t . 0~a~o~b~ur t i on o f this wor~l{ a t t he en d of July n1ost of t l1J.s ac J. ~ 0 c
1V ill b e absor-bed b y mining co1npar1i es • . d . 1 1 1 b our w·hi ch c oi'lt 1nue
•
Local .. Volun~.S;ry .Labour. SupplJ.e s of oca - ~lat~cl by the efforts to be in ereat aema.nd, were successf'ull~ stJ. "' onded for propaganda ot: the two Administra.ti ve Ot:t:icers specJ.a;!Y 0fe~he local i nhabitants touring purposes, and the splendid resio~.,. 1 the comparat i ve monthlY to this appeal is signit:ica.ntly reflec eit~I the Resident Plateau figures quoted above. In consultation w h of the farmine s eason Province it was agreed that with the approacrelaxed and the
pro reeeive falling off in numbers 0 fact After deducting l ' 2
iili orted conscripts from the May gur to that in the same
month of the pree ng year, 1 bet or~e reetwed at the beginDillf o
be at an end, or a &DJ" r
4. that the introauction
I l1ave t1e2rd ~t said by sone e~~loyers the effect of de-of' consc: .... i:_Jt lnoour onto tl1e .nines:fie_:Ld ha: h:cl extent; but in c:e:=:.~s~'!!t;; _t h~ . ou~~r.:n:tt o : "' l<;:>cal paco.n laoour _v ~ .. ..:;)ome in :ruct occurred rrv op~n2 o_'! 2i' 8..1'-r Peduc t 1.on of' out ?Jut per 11.;. • .:1. has · ed c:ff'ort this is :~airily to b e attributed to ... the much J,lore sustaJ.nilO'Iever this • l .. e(2u:.re:;. 0 2: ..... the~ in_ \7artime con parec1 ·1'i th normal_; years~t l~ast haB !11a p be vr! e J.nTIJOrtat~on o •""' l·:::> ,iJOUl" l""ro·.., ott-1~.., .. Prov ..... nces .CO
• .... - • - -- - '"'~ - ! . ! l ...,_ • f'. clc' oL tne _c..st2.1~· .. ~dvantae;e of' openin,_; up an ir;naenselY VIJ.d~r )... · ons-volttntary laoour supplies f'or the future since the J.mpol ~ec1 ~- ela er ip t s alr eao..y s ho~: signs of' colitin[;· betel~' t 0 worlc on the mJ.nes ). -of' t he:.l" O\ln acco1.,d a:rt er returnin_s :for a time to their hones on eo ... n letion o::' thei:7 period o'£ co!11pulsory service .
. ·-s !went i oned i!!. prcvi ous reports, no attempt is . no~"wallY r;,~~~~ to direct vol~J.tary lalJour to paPticular mines; _but '.!lle.~.l the .L om dan project \.ras c.""'..ecidecl upon early in the year 1 ~ Has J- <?lear :rr the outset that construction r1ould be a race a.sa:tnst v1me ru:a the season o:: heav~· rains, a11d it \/as therefore thouGht adv1sable to Ma1:e some exception in this inste.nce in order to get the VJork started uith the utinost possible speed. Jl .. lthouch the bulk of. the le.bour ..:"'orce e:7ployed on the dam consists of' ir:-rported labour J.t .tas essential to provide a nucleus of' local worl:ers to get the building oi' c~'"?1DS etc. under way in the f'ii'st inst~"'lce ru1<1 i t YiaS
conse~uently decided that the local inhabitants living vdthin a :five mile r•adius of' the dam - a not very considerable nmnber -should be directed to this norl:: in preference to the neighbourinG nines. I gave an undertaking to such minins concerns as miGht be af'f'ected b:,r this action that the instruction Ytoul c1 be Ylithdravm as soon as possible; but although thi s was done some of the local mines labour continued to wol"'k on the ~~esco dam, with the result that Ex-Lands Ltd. novt fino. themselves deprived of al.L11ost all their local labour· This they ascri1)e not only t ·o Goverro!lent pressure but also to the higher rates o~ pay of~ered by Neaco Lt&. · .. hile I believe there to be soine truth in the latter statement, Ex-IJands Y..~td' s predicame11t i s to my 1nind unavoidable, since no maximwn rates o-:f pa.Y are laid dorm for the mi.nesf'ield. Also l~esco Ltd. is in my opinion justified in paying rates such as m~y be e~)ected to produce the greatest possible daily output per man, 1·1hether volrmteer or conscript$', on Ytork of such urgent imgortance. The difficulty is in a~ case only temporary, as the local mining population in the ~enti neighbourhood should be bacl: in circulation by the end of July on completion of the dam. -
In the Jemaa tin nuning area (off the Plateau) a difficulty has recently arisen in coru~ection with local voluntary labour supplies as a resu.lt of the provisions of the Sleeping Siclcness Regulations, rfhich require tha t persons employed in that area should reMain at 11ork :for a minimum of six v1eeks in order that they may recBive treatment for sleeping siclcness if necessary. The labourers themselves ho\/ever, partic1.llarly in the farr,ling season, fol"' the most p~rt refuse to remain at work for so long a period. It appears that the Sleeping Sickness authorities had rel axed these ~egulations in respect of labour ~nployed on non-mining activities such as the construction of roads and darns, a11d it has recently come to li~ht ttJJJ.t this ~oncossion has been so w·idel y abtlSed t ho..t alrnost all the laooul.~ers enrploye(l in the sleeping sicl:ness a rea v;ere being allowed to retur·n before their full s i x VJee}::s had elansed. The Sleeping Sic.v.ness autho:t.·ities have therefore novv il1sisted on a more rigid eDfc.J:~cer1e:nt of the Reg,~latio:as , v;ith the result that all the lniJ?-es l~J.lJourers Ciot'med tool c on bei ng i11f oPr.1ed that they vtould berequ1.red to .cerua.in foi' a fu.ll six 1ve el:s and the tr1o rnain producing comJ?anies are (at t he end of June) left entirely without labour on the1r· pa,ldocks in the J emaa a rea. I alil in consultation with the Resident and the Deputy Director of Sleep ing Sickness Service in the hope of overcomi ng the d ifficl11ty since the present deadlock rnll entail a loss of about tons ~f tin monthly for the next six months unlef..,s some innnediate solution can be fot,nd.
•
\
\ I
•
5 . 38
Co: scriut :=.rabour . Durine the past dry season the nwnber of' i - o_ ted corscrii ts \as eraduull..t raised to the Pl.B.ximum f'or uhic h accm o:.. .... tion and supervision cotD.cl be I rovidccL. '.rhis nru1ber wo.s o1.l:,p re...-.checl by allo'\.iilG f'or accOI:r.Ioc"'&.tion at the rate. of' f'our men \ to a c..:~ ... ct..:.ar hut o:. ... ten :feet internal cl.iameter, that :ts , at hal f . the sc.:;!le prescribed by the J:Iedical e.uthorities . ~hen \leather pernuts the !~esu.'":1pticn oi' buildinG operatio:1s I trust that it 11ill be poEsible not only to provide accorrn-1odo.tion for an increased ntunber . of' le: ou!"e:-s b ut e.lso to house then on a scale mor·e closely ap-proxJ._ct..:n~.; to that !"e uired by the .. edicc..l authorities . rl'he quest i on of' acccrj!:lOdation has been ne ;r!:l.vated by the fact tho.t increasing nw1bers o::! en are bri}")...[;illC ·wiv es \:ith ther:1 to the minosf'i e l c1, 'W!hich entails the provision of' a larc;er :.lumber of' huts for the sru;1e nt.unber o:' \.o_· :ers: but this disadvantage is more than of'~set by the !'ore t. idesP!..,ec..td conteLtment o'!: the ne:1. . -o··:.:.T'~ to the urcen.t demanC. .Lor eroundnuts sone qust j on ~.rose at the ~ cir.:nirl,_; of' the f'aPP.il'l[.; season as to the relativ e cl o.i ns of'
roundJ_ut o..L ~ tin :p~"ocluction in the matter of' labour su .. pplies, articul e.2."l: as re....;arc1s labour imported from the recosnisec1 c r ound
nut pro .. ucin__; areas . ~he quest ion .. .,as referred to the .. esif .. ent inister, 1·ho ruled that both :products \.'ere o:f equal );):.""'iority , and
a:fter clisct:ssion ,,ith the Chief' Corrunissioner , l.orthern Prov iJ:c es , i t # as decided the.t the c oi:scri pt l abotu: .. force shoulcl be naintai~at its
exi sting strer:_s-th throuGhout the :farmin~ sea.son but that no a tt e:1pt s: oul d be --~ce to augment it o»Pinc that perioC . Once the farmiP~
J season is over however I hope that b y i ncreas ir..p; the nurnber s of' con?cripts it \·,·ill be possibl e t o a t'tain. ru.1C to n.ainta.i n a tota l labour :force of' 100 , 000 on the r.1ine sfield thr oughout t he next dry season .
. 'hi le in the case of most er.1p lo:yers t heir orcanisa.t:..on for t he wellbeil:g of' t~1e l abour er s still l eav es s ometh i n(· t o be desi red there is no { .. oubt that the past s ix nor~t hs ha v e s een o.o..J considerable i nrprovement, and at the same tiJ 1e en1ployers n ow a oJ"li t "f;~ ... '--~t t he output of thei r consc l.., ipt \loi•l:ers has ap})reciabl y increase C: . Thi s i s l a r .:;ely .,ue to the f'e..c t tha t, with t he p os ting o:! t h:.."'ee additional Labour Offic er s tl1i s year for duty on t h e minesf ield, i t h a s b een poss ible not onl~r t o g ive much clos er supervision t o the welfare o:f the r.1en but a l so t o d evote 11ore attention to increasing their efficiency. Apart f'Por.1 this the ~uropean staf'fs in charg e of this type of labour ~ave nou ~arLel;::r ovel"'come their reluctfu'lce to s h ow· a sympathetic ~nterest 1n the men and their n1ore int e l l i gent handli!l.[; of the con:Jcripts has cert a inly contributecl to increase their outuut . In t his connection it \v'as a matter of s o:r:le arrru.eement and of even (3;reatel"' suriJrise to r 1e to hear recen tly tha t one of the hitherto most recalcitrant mana[Jers had been s een scattering handful s o~ lJenni es alilOl'lg
his conscripts in an tmvronted access of adrniration for their r1orl\. . S:peakino r;enerally it is true to say that the output of the
cons cript labourers actua.ll~' at \fork corresn onds closel y to that of the more popule.r local vol tmteer s; indeed fron1 a fe'' sourc e I have even heard it said that it h~.s surpassed it . In the 1119.tt er of cost ho.,cver cor iparison is bound to prejudice the mi n i P..g c olT11Tlll.7li ty i n favour of local labour. Al thou0h the i nworted conscripts become a eh r{Ie on t h e empl oyer onl y from the ti1ne when they are handed .. ov e1~ to hilL f:or \.rol .. k ther e is no doub t t hat for var i ous reasons they are more expens i ve than the type of' l abour n orn1ally employed on the minesfiel d . For ins tance the supply of foodstuff s, f i r evtood et ?·. entails considel~able e:A"]?endi ture on transl>Ol"' t ar.1.d ext r'a supervl~ J. on, the storage of reserves of corn unavoindably results in a ~erta1n amount of \iastar:-e cooks have to be paid and cookine utensJ.ls supplied, houses ha~e'to be provided, and so on. But it ~s per~aps the hi h sickness rate obtaining among imported labour \/hJ.ch chJ.eflY adds to the cost or their employment, since mnployers are legallY reo onsible both for the payment of their Iiledical fees ~~ of full
ages during their period of sickness. It ia not suxeprJ.sJ.ng therefore that whenoompanies come to worl out cubic yardage costs they should find a large margin of discrepancy between the cost of yar
oved by conscripts and that moved by voluntary labour;t with a pro oaal ade by a member of the minillli co1:11u1
n .. 7 view to stimUlating output while rreducing prod,ucticm costs, 8
e
'n th(_ 1v
l
le
6.
('I
•
ntion hac b0cn 11u le in pr~;viouo r-er orts of' , ·u·tcy o · C"' ~t n · ltodicul .f':.:tci1i ·,_;eo on tl1 min.ooficld. anU.
t~c be a 1(..; tu ...;t~tt L!tut ntu )~ 1tO.V< ... nov1 l>c~.;;;n tal 01' to 1)rir.t6 to · · vonuble ota11J.ur . .~.. ncu llo~,;lr>i tal j .• J unucr con·..;truc-h ..;ouLhtJl"ll millin.~ urou ... ulc...l ci:;llt udcliLionu.l L1ifjpcneo.r·icG at clUi tabJ.c centres are noH :i.n OIHJrati.on . 'l'\Yo o.U.<Ji Liono.l
1 f.' · c 'r · h.:tvo been prov ll1C<1, ono of Hhom will be in churce 1 \. hospital ... nd tl!o other' uill continuour.;ly tour the mineG
~1 ,,i 11 b c re.;;J>onoi 1Jlc f'or the woJ:'J-inc o:t · the c1is]?cnr~arica . .......... t il1]Jl'OVC11Cll~ in tilt: attention c;iven to SiC!\: lubourerG Di ifJ
noticeable sinct;; th(.; rtrrJ.vul of Lhi:-:3 i;.1t1d:L Lj_onal 1 'Ctlical f'. 'cccnt enq_uirico have 11rovec1 be:yond cloubt t hut 1 1any employers not in th' n'"'lst been fuli'illin.[_; their le._;al obli~ations as r·eeards .e c ll care of' t hc~r labcnn• and in order t 111.1. t <.lcfuult ers should
,...""'COUrO.ued to meet their rGSI)OllSibilities in thi:~ !'081)0Ct it has no\! bcel' ccided tlu..1t tl1c charge f'or ncdical tr·eatment f'o1· 1ni11es 1 bour . ..;houlcl tnL.e the :t.' or111 of a ltunp stUll am1ual payment by each c loycr based on the: avcra,_;e nw11ber of 1nen in 1li8 eJrq_)loy. Uncler thi., ""'rranuel1vnt the brtd e11ployer will have nothing to ~ain by failing . to send his si cJ\. f'or· treatment.
The ntunber of clenths in recent months ho.s been c ons iderable, as the ttached ctaticticc inclicate. Fro1n thio o.tt(.;.chrnent it will be olJ. rved th .t t J.al'\__;c 1)roportion of' cJ.caths \!ere causeu by cerebronpinal T.1Cnin[jitis, tho high incidence of Which WaS l)OSSibly to some extent due to Ul1avoi<lablc over-crowdi .. l0· Supplies of' 1. & B No . 693 have now been issued to the Jnore re1not e minin'"'· ca1.n)s vhere imnediate
'-' ... treatment lroulc.1 otherwise be irrrnoc, si ble , as well as to all dispensa-ries o.ncl hospitaJ.c, and it is hoped~ lJy this J11Cru1c to reduce the number of deaths fro1n this disease in future . .... ;ven if cerebro- sptnal menin-u"i tis is J.c.rt out o l account the Inortali ty r~nte e;er1~rally is thought by the ~ c<.lical authorities to be u11duly hi£)1 and arrangen1ents have therefore 10\/ been 11a.de for a Im.lch ::,tricter examination of recrutts before they arc sent to the Ininesfield and aJ.so for their re- examin(.tion on ai'rival at the reccptio11 carrrps. 'rhe prese11t criterion of edic~l fitness is indeed so sev~re tl1at Residen·to are har d p u·t ~
to coJle~t sufficie11t numbc1-.s of 1nen of' the requ).red :physi que :for on th~.; mi lt:''i'icld, ru1cl their dif:eiculties hav e i n so1ne c a ses b een fuFther increased by having to l;rovide repl a cements f or the la1,.ge numbers of men recently r·epatriated 1ri tll gui11ea-'Jtorn1 or jiegers,
it \/orl~ still
follo\, inr a t idespread &I local outb ... .,eak. ''here iG no dou1Jt that the c Olll]>al a t i ve l y s evere cli1n1 t e of the
J at eau will continue to cause a hi~,.)1 s ickl1e s s rate ru 1ong importecl 1 bour but this should in future 1)0 gre atly 1ni n imi s ed by the iniiJroved medical facilitiop, no\v being ].)l:"'ov1o.ec1. ,/ith a vi e'~' to prot e cti!l.G them fi·om the worst rigours of the climat e duri 11..; the mi:ny season it h s been arran.r;ed to supr>lY each conscript v1ith an additional blanket and a 'kabido' (native \1e.ter11I'oof1 du r·i ng the wettest tnonths, the for1 er to be paid for~Ythe illi3try of 8ur>pl y artd th(,., latter b"' the 1 bourer hi l;.Jell. a ll\'lhile a pronosal t o increase the erio of ervice from 16 to 21~ weel G is 110 W under c onr-id eration, the obj et e to rea cc s far as r>ossible the 11wnbGrs ·who '""re c: .. o ed to
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cl e t · • it the ~oc l council o · the : i "e ·.:.an . u i t1. tl e _ j_~er.~on .. inin~ oSOCi tion in
.. •.._, .i. .J JlOy 1·0 to CO 1e to tJOl e uree 1ent e hicl1 local volunt£ry labou · coulQ be
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e r lloc tcc1 sphere :f··oln \/hich to ara\1 its labour, but doexxx-x: t 1e ajo ·ity ca1 e to the conclusion that this l 1 v no r ore )racticable th '"'11 ~he rest a nu tLa t the onl., ...
J 1e11 f •e was :Cor the _drlinistration to uersuade labour ... o t · o t .:.. n the le: ·0 est nw 1iders ~)os si ble ,_;_ thout t tet11pti ns
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tit to· ny S)eci ·ic GestinatiGn. fhis is the nroctice. t the reouest of the Local Co,ncil and - "'-
. Jo ~i tion I no.1 supJ.)ly then1 \Jith f'ortni~htly statistics o 1i ...., t 1e nu liJePG of each tribe at \Jor~c a nu the I>laces of
t 1 e i • 8 1 .. .J 1 o Y1 E. n t .
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r crui tin · aJ..,ea thus uncor1trolled compl~ises the or lJ vi...;ion etnd the 1 orthePn .)o_•tion of PanJ s hin Division
: ini . .:Jtr tive Officer .i.s no~J continuously t ouri ng ib tPi ctG, li th o. ti of C to ry re& Ul t s . t the end of
10
r 1/ e1-ae 1ere J.Il!Oot 11, 000 ..<.Jersons t \/Ol~K , ( includin'-' ) , o t o'"' tot 1 dul t 1 le and :.Le111al e ,~.)opulation
f · t x tion 'u ... oo es t about 50, 000; in ot 1er Kt on the ver ~ one out o_ every rive adults ln t i
ent c: t "10 • - on th [ inesfield. rr•· is , l.i~h
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., I".:i c t 10 ·l\. l)y th ct1 o.~.· .~ . ..~ece 1ber.,; IJtr'v l1ere u~G · n · · l.Jlc _) ll:l.n'-' o · I in nw1bcr·d .i.o t be c; ... >ect(:..U
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Jre ('": e t il< • .,.~ficld l(bour force o 70,802 ay be y s follo .· , • • ln roun ~ ures :-
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n 0 42,000 t rily r c
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1 '>ou · j..'O lee onti1- b onth in l:;L!2 us cot:J.J. arc "' _rc.ceuing ... e~r :-
. v £ nuc; ry .l ebru ry
arch A ~il -
a y -(.; une j-uly .rlU~_;us t :3e..~.. tember October roveinber -)ecember
1941 • •
50,753 :J3,40:J 52,453 44,690 38,471 39,295 41,357 43,h03 44,406 49 , 054 49,080 48,206
55L~,573
.?3' 054-56,186 57,1J,08 53,015 44,835 45,682 L~5, 778 46,095 55,430 62,609 64,942
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8. Absconeers.
~he recruitment o~ conscripted labour ana its transDort to the minesfield has proceeded as smoothly as could be expected nul ust hB-ve irllposed u1Jon the ae.)leted staffs of the P-. ovin.ces
concerned a heavy buraden of extr \ ork. uf t' ose corJ_)uJ.sorily r ... c r i te d up to the eno o.L· JJece1.1ber 3, :703 1 en '1an bsconded -,- not unduly hi _.h _.)rOl)OPt ion ln Vi \. of aJ.l tile c.:.:~cur.lsta 1CeS
l! • t e · · ~·ec · i traent ana e ~1)lOY11Cnt . .h. considerable nu ber o · t· c ...Jc n· V(:- been eau ·ht, Junished at'1d :~et .1-·ned to \ror1~ and u ...
t l, ,·,et v'J.' t IJJH":Y :Pc tl1en 1·e uircd to r..,tPrt I' :fresh on t·te l·ou1· onth _)er·lou of s E.rvic e is c;raduallJ havi n~ a deterrent e \·.,et. Apart 1' --o·1 · ~ t.)ina _. oo . , tr1e _)ercepta~...~e o.L· c esertion
o verJ ).eh r .~~. ceu bJ tile en o_ t/1e year, but this __ a;:l be r cly c11e to the .L ... ,..ct t'1 t 10.Jt o·' tl c ec ... ~ i.er batcLes are
o I 1 10..., t u e ·or r·elief. : t i ...J there:Core not nli" el" t let
1 t a~ l1crease 'i th the arrival O.L ne\J drt..fts, · ; . ly r:, u · •Jco tent is al~ le ys ~rea test in the early
str " ... e I 'Jef'ore tJ .J h' ve d ti 1e to ~ccli1. atise thetJSelves to t .-i1· ne 1 s urr.ouo.uings .
flf; 0 ou aj n .)l')ob'i e 18 ~ to diccover I 0 J€ er 0 • 'lePe c)
0 vhe line~~field Jay be llade 10re att . £tive l - eoe_ t . 0 o. I 1 ve f'elt for 'OL:le tl11e nast th· t '- >nrt '-"no t e
·y tive dete nt Jrovi6ed by the pen l t ·es for c ,n e )os i ti ve i cer1cnt to re .. a in t or, 1 J
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o_:: on the .lines, \till re . iPe a ·re at cl•. al o1' "tltlle and · tt tion. 1
_1Lis incr·easc in staf'.: uill en£ ble the two
.... reGent abour C:::' icerz to ucvote their time to settling i t 1 ne 1 dr!'II"")ts and attend:in[3 to the innurnerable
i .... :ficul · e.J anJ hi tcheo OJ . .' various .~.:inds .rhich are b ounr1 •
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13. Contribution o~ Cotlscrints to the /ar Ef~ort •
.r f'ter J...,our r.1onths ' exne raience o~ the Horl~ of' these -conscrii)tS - or, as I s hould nre:Ler to call then1, . ational Jervice ./Ol"''kel.,S - I am :full of• admil'lation :for their cheerf'u.lness a nr :for the loyalty to theii' Chief's lhich has not only b:.~ought so 1nany o:;...., thern to the
minesfield but has ke.Pt the great 1·1aj ori ty at wo r k throuehout their period o:f service. If these n1e n had decided to abscond en raasse nothin.:; short of an army of' soldiers could have r>reventec1 them, and \/hat surprises e io not that a certain nwnber have done so but that
J or~ have no t. RS I said in a recent article · 1., ..,· e _n ·op .l8 tion C:f:Cicer tlu ir contribution to the V/ar
c · ·o t i£> in no uay inf•t==:r·ior to that of \·1er uorl~ers of & 11 i no o i n the United . i l1£: do 1 a n a a e se ~~"YE. s to be t1 ore :..;enerallJ reco~;nised as such. 'l1lle sa1 1e a.)~Jlies o.lrnost ec_ually t'J the n1en, and \/011en, .1llo ar-e res_)ondln _; so \Jell to tll~ call .L·ol~ voluntaPy sc: .. rvic e fr01!l all ove1_, the
l ter u rov.Lnce. ~'-,he 11ost helpful attitude of the -Dllii~s .-~ .i ~fs \li lO su.[)_..JlY labour in the ~.:or·ti1ern . l~o--rinces
r 1 0 Go6 'V(:;r c S~necial ,;orB: of apl)Peciation. r_.lle ~11i:es ur;hi, · aria, :_isau, .t:at ... ~WJ ana ·0!11be have all vi,_;i tG to the 1ines:field to see their . .1en at ,/or,"';.
• • r
re one ever4.vt tin in tlteil .. DO\ler to e~thort tl1e11 to ~ ~ .J,.;
te:e e1· »o ·ts; the r'esul tc o.2 th.eir visits have • 1n cases been lOdt beneficial . ·J:he -3ul tan o Sol=oto
i ~ no ' he re on a s :i r i 1" r vi u it.
lJ~. Em.Eloyers' 1-Iandicans. • 3Jiil a • a a • e s • •J •• m m ~; p
n:tortun: telJ 1 y O"~Jn vie\r:; on conscP:l.pted 1r::~bo111· '"'o t :..-~ee • to be share a by all t11ei:r e1~1ployer,_;, to \/'looe
~ttl t ae I , "er·1~e in 1y . )revious 1~e ;o1~t . ~1 t'1o ~h t _ere J been , o e l rov r v · n tb.i0 res-)ect r;lJ -
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_ rev~ous cr.:. tic is. s 1~1 ain substantially 1nchan ed. tJ
n t ot _er hand it 1 .ust in fairness be bor-ne in 11ind s t~ t t~ e uro_ ean staf':fs o .. 1 .inin.; cot cerns in this f eo· ntry ere _ard _ut to it to handle suc'1 a ._:reatly expanded , le eo ... f'orce i tl out any a_ reciable oddi tion to t'1.eir o\in n .bers, _ ai~ticule.rly as the en1_ loyr nt of inex_ rienced conscri_ted labourers an the fulfilMent of all the lecal obli._.ations required in res .... ect o the 1 entc...ils an enor110Us a ount OJ. extra \York. :.:rn_ loyers are f\. rther Landicapped b~r t_e shortage of trens1ort ~hich ma~~es it di~ficult to fulfil _ rorJ_ tly and e:f£iciently their cor:11itments in such 1 atters as the su __ ly o-r f'uel and grain, to say nothin: of the conveyance of" sic_ le.bourers to Losuital etc. revertheless there still ... remains a hard core o~ conservatisr.1 in their treatr:1ent o:f .f'rican labour and this is in rny opinion the 11ain reason \Jhy in the out ut o:f \/01.,1\: of' co1 _)ulsol''ily recruited labour is not higher.
•
15. Con1paris.o.n of: .conscripts with .vo.lunt.~r.Y .~..~a.l?otE,.
'l'he n1ejo1·i ty o~ ernployers, \lho are rightly desirous of keeping mining costs as low as possible, are apt to com~are, or rather to contrast , the _)eP:Corn1ance of conscripted ·workers vli th tl1at of' the local voluntary pagan tribes \lho in non tal tiz es Pl .. ovided tl1e bulk of the minesfield lahour :force; but this comparison disregards several impoi·tant factors, \Vi th which I have recently dealt in detail in a separate report of' \V.lich the :follo 1ing is an extr~act :-
"It is a. corr.anonly accepted fact, no less in the United "I:ingdom than elsev1he1.,e, that the cost of labour in \rart i me "is bound to increase and i-cs standard of efficiency to "decrease. It vtrould be ridiculous to expect n1en "compulsorily recruited, v1i1o have left their hotHes and "J.~arms against tl1ei r will and are unaccustotned both to the "climate and to the t11pe of \VO l'lc I'eq_uired of them, to u achieve the same standard of efficie11c~r as tl1os e 1ho u,;ork voluntarily when and wl1ere tl1e~r please, and have "mostly been trained to the v/ol~lc fron1 childhood. I hav~ no "hesitation in saying that \'"/ere the local I)agan populat~on "conscripted and made to work against their Ylill for four "months on end their standard of viorl<: at least 'VlOUld be "no higher than that being achieved by an averal?e gang of "the present conscript labour force. In compar~ng the "output of the latter with that of local pagans etnploye rs "invariably f'ail to make allowance f'or the f'act that the "pagan is able to work at high pressure precisely becau~e "he is doing so f'or a limited period onl¥ anA l)].d 08
"certainly not maintain that ~te it 'work continuously over a four month pe "case with conscripted labour I ul
led
es en to
8. --· -· olunterily for a ei ven
' 10 ever that a (.;os .1 agan worh.J.n__,. v ardaGe than a 11
_ e1)iod :vould handle a larger cubl.C Y iod. nor do I deny _ 'conscri_ ted labourer in the same pe:: t a labour are tend:.tne;
"that the · a~es laid do\/n for _co.nscrl.~s e >reviously paid "to raise the abnoi"malJ Y l0\1 \,~ac,e ,rat " ;re nevertheless "to voluntary labour, thou~h th~ f~.r11e 1 c~·uitinc; in the 're araed as inedequate to el?-cou.ra"_.e re . · 8 su11nlied."
" rovinc:es f'rom which conscrJ..:_ited labour l - ...
16. ~ontamination of Local _agan Laboq~ • •
I have seen it stated that the lower 0 l?-tp"l:lt oftl at 0
..r> the t :r ·e d uc 1 r1 g 1. .!.
CO uCri_ted labour is havin~ tJ1~ effec 0 . Itl r~port referred local a an volunteer. s I ~o1~ted 0 ~~ ln 18 ue to some to in the ~ revious paragraph, wh1le th1 .... may .be ~r. t ec:! are novl xtent it ignores the ~act that the local pag~n rlJ o fore
being subjected to adr~.inistrative pressure ana are ther~hat no longer volunteers in the true sense o~ the \/Ord, ~o . it is only natural that they should shov1 less enthus1asra ~or their work than .j hitherto. Then again it ignor·es ~he po~nt made in the preceding paragraph that while pagan tr1b~s \ or.n:in0 voluntarily :ror short periods can achieve a h~gh out JUt they cannot sustain the sarne high rate over a . long period when required to work against their will, as l.S now partially the case. Also I think employers are not :fullY ... alive to the fact thnt as long as the present keen compet1t110n ~o- this type of labour lasts the local pagan knows he is a1·1ays assured of 2. iob on the r.1ines if he w·ants it and has
c.; • •
tA.1ere:fore no Jarticular need to exert himself. In n1~1 opln:Lon it is :for these reasons rather than because of the evil exa.rnple of con~cripted labour that the standard o~ output or pagan tribes is on the decrease.
17. Standardisation of Tasks. 3 • • 1 • •
. Under Public ITo tice No. 200 o:f 1942, the t~dministrative D1rector or I:inerals Produc ti on is emnowered to decide whether
.a.;
a task set to conscripted labour· is 1.,easonable or otl1e1-avlise, but I had hitherto adopted as :far as possible a policy of non-interference, relying mainly on persuasion to prove that greater ef~iciency would in the long run be achieved by giving a 1an a daily task vvhich he sl1ould be able to complete during
hours of reasonably hard work. I have however now circulated to ernployers of conscripted labour a repor") t rnade at my requ.est by r. _<obertson , Inspector of u ines, on the investigation r~cently made by him in tbt~ corlnection, and vvi thout 1)ressing h1s conclusion as to what concti tutes a resonable task urrl er varying cone i tions it is in fact all"ee.dy havj_ng the effect of stanaardisation , t a reasonable level.
18. I
• •
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20. --i.si t of' Lobi le cinema Van. . d have not lost sight o£
In cater•ing f'or his bod:1.ly n~e 6 d w~ bourer who, deprived the spiritual needs o~ the conscr1pte ~af ily suffers as he is of' the distractions of' home an~ run k is done considerably from boredom after the day 8 wor an ·e fo~ the ·le were recently fortunate in being able to ai~~oT~ation Office visit o~ a mobile cinema van rrom the Lagos - · to tour the mines:field, and thus to provide a treinendo'!-~ly popular, 1~ temporary, solution to the problem 0~ keep~ gt labour amused in isolated mining can~s. But for most par there is no alternative to 'chacha'.
PRODUCTION.
21. Although the :final production f'igures :ror Dece1Jber a_:e not yet available it is certain thst the reviseo t reet of 17,000 tons o · cassi teri te .r:Lll have been achieved in s_.)it.e o~· an ~
bnor1 [ lly lov; rainfall. Blectric 1ninint; eq_uip1.1ent '~.ras \JO:..'"lkea t full l)ressure u·o to the end o:f the vear, but s:l.nce it Vias
... ossible ... to conse:c~e only a comr)ar•ativ~ly srnall a1nount of ~later in the two darns sex .. ving the po\vel., station it becar:1e necess~.ry to _ut electrically driven plant on to half' time as fx•orn tne 1st of' J·anuary, in oPder to distp:Lbute tl1e availAble povJer as e[ rly as possible over tl1e pel.,iocl -v!fhich rnust ela11se before
the beginr: in3 of the rains. This \V ill o:f cou1'1se have an adverse ef:fect on 1943 output, though I understand that arra11ger1ents re bein'-J 11ade by the I ... igerian ~lectrici ty SUIJIJly corporation
to build an additional dar1 Vlhic!1, if j_ t can be completed in tirne to take advantae;e of the next rains, ,dill increase the arnount of' DO\ver available in the J.atter l1alf of 1943.
22. On the other hand the auemented labour force at work dtJring the last four months of last year had little if any e ·~ect on tin .~>rodnction figur-es for 19L1.2, since practically
re.rara l~l.on ~or. 1r1n1ng of t1n v1hen 1J1ater becon1es avaJ.lable thib year. Jr. lJtorl~e put .his estimate for 1943 at 19,000 tons of ore minimum and 20,500 maximum, but he made t his calculation at ~ ~ ·Jne v1hen he tl1ouc:ht i t rni ght be possible t0 obtain add1t1onal macl1inery. I underst and fr~om hi m ho\7eve r that this is no\t improbable. Thi s being so t he s upp l y of labour becomes or even greater impor t anc e if Ni geri a 's output for 1943 is to be maintained even a t tl1e l evel of the p revious year. lhile generally s~}eaki ng rn i n i ng conce rns are ~~illing to go all out on tin production it is I think true to say that the long delay in set t l ing t he me thod o~ payment has had a deterrent effect, articLl rly i n the case o.f small producers.
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, . , . ~ 8 •::-e:;:. wi t.h Jo:r . Pedler thu t there is ~~~::YY•et~.~e -~ar.J.l<illenta~· cri ticisn in regarci to
• o ..... a ... lons, es!JeClf:ll~-. th F Conver.":ic~ cro·,i..:res (.Mrticl-J. as e ~~ced Labour co;::mulsor:;; iaoo . ~- • e i!..J.) tr18.t c orced or groUr.td in~ nines~ 5118.11 no" be used for work under-
we can, of course a f . h en the grou.n~ •n"'- ;- h ,' .. e enc;t .t e 3e regulations ~> - , ... ;.g." u e war 'f o ,.Ill en th 1
'"'.!. s ..,..; t' -4 .... o"'r '" ey app Y ............. r ... n ca-.,g0 ..... "(d'" -~1e provi~c ~0 :~ti~~e 2 ~ the work scheduled in coneti tuting .,.,~;,. . - f the Convention as not
- -ea or coorJulsory labour" .
cJ;e·£er~ .. eless, it would b h to as~~: -.:ne{-Go;ver- 0 ... -0
e ighly desil'<-ble ·· · " cause as "' ~JB.~ds provi-~d. ir:. r.rticles fl I!l~ny of the safe-.o oe ado~ted ana includea wh - LB of the Convention !'eg'..tlat.ions cov<>ring t" ere necessary in the eY.e~ple' tleJ.ical e~ ..,,. .le - proposed enploymen t . Jo'or conqcripted are phj~;~~~;:o~ totensure that men pt·t:~criptior, of a weekl; ... ; !1\ .. or the work required· Wbgec to be et not e. 'ay o rest ; provision f'or ' the w-::>rk 01 wh• c •. - 88 than ra teo prevai lin~ t·or · · ·- · · ~.o!le -~.e~ £1 r , IJOa..,ib_eJ a un·ri-,.,.., ·i• e eol:-' ... o:;ea.; and 11'
, • '-"A ........... per Gf..l cf' -uaye worr. ,.er anru.c:. +-o r~o"' r .. ur·e t1~an so man·· pre ... cr·ibes 607'd.&o~•~ F: .. r ecc[l fiOrker (the Conven ti~n u !i c n 'W>o7 I:-' , r arm ur.: 1 1 . conscr-Pts are tCJ b . • ~~ so, the uge .l'roc be ~we en the age a o"' '18 e di·D.wn to be chan :ted f r olil
- ... - and 55 tv between th~
appar ent
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c ou h t ul o to obtain fr jr the .M.C'ti Gover .• cn· so .e e tit ute f the nw bF.:r of ~n lircc Y to he eol.OCI'l teu u ~... r the ne r· ..... et1 The u.e~pLl tch refer to "tt -:.,us!:lild.a''.
, , e shou d. t.lao en !ulr·e ·hbt atepa Eir-e bein tu~~r. to ~r.s .. re tt.ut the te ... f'ure c..f t~.e cGr.ccri te .. lnl_'O~r is ~ro 1>cr ... y BU!JCr·viued. who !.e; gc.ing tr 1 J
~!ns. Is it goir,g to l:.e o r,e by r:.eanz v!' t:sr. ~~epee tor•r4 te workinc; unac r tr.c In ... u~c tor of !.o'r,cur (loi;Jeria l,a-:, u' .'~t rr .... ubour ..JO:.oJu!'t~~nt)r(
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·;: •CI'' re \.£-! :·1 tc ric& t,...<::, •,c 1:1n Keny& in wh~ch innustrics eo:.aenti£11 r,o tbc war e!'fcrt ure be1ng curried on. The most obvi.uc c0:.br-.a0n ie Horthern Rho :1esia. T.ner~, eo .f'Llr aB UF.; 'r.now, there has been no sho1·teee or ,.,frican labour fur ·.r.e copr.er nines ana no conscription l'or such lficour r.~e been introduced. On the other hanu, tr1e Colcr,i al Gover:tnent has i sued reg .. lat.ior.a on tn~ linee :' tne U. K,- . .:';ss~nt.ial 1/or-.r.. Order (as !i'ig~ria aJ.eo has ame) pro:n b1 t~ng persons em)loyeu in e~ser. t.ial ir.a. a tries fron lea·nng tnen or froo ·oein- ... isr:.i:::s~d. o.~ tneir eu?loyer (except for eeriJUS ciscona~ct1 wi~n0ut the consent o:· the appropt·ia te Goverru:.en t aut.nori :.y. Horthern Rhoucsia , howel~r, V/~I'e CO el:e'l. <... snvrt while ago to conecript lab0ur in oraer to &ssist the farms in producing the fooa. s tuf!'s nec~ssar: :or the cor:11 .. uni ty . Tnis period of conscri :.io~i was f'or two months only . It was ex>;enaed for a f'.:rther two non the, because the Government tried, tut f'ailed, to re!Jlace it by t.f.e recruitn:ent of V'Jluntary labvur, and they now propoee to form a labour corps unaer regulations which will pro·;ide for conscription , 11 necessary. The Governor ho)es~ no.:e·;er, to ge'":. a-1
•
the labour for this force by voluntary r:.ear~s . The papers about this are in 45109/l~l.!.~ :.ort;hern Rh-:. ... es1a, but a su.'m:rary of what nas happened will 'be follnd at ( 3u1 in the file 1225W3/4~ below .
I n Sierra Leone the Govern.:.er~ t has been faced ·,r1 i th the problem of icportant St::r·,:.ce works end i~portant industries , such as the cines , being hanpe r ed by nen leaving thei r ecplo~~ent on the sli~ntcst provocation , aespite ~he~existe~c: of Essen t ial fork regulations on the ~~nes C- wh~ 1 U . K . ~he trouble nas been that it has been l. I?.oss!.c-e to i dPntifv the nen who leave their jobs ann ho obtain
- ~ ·i ~r t enployment i n sooe ot.er capacity under a u._. eren r.nme . The s i tuation has got so bed ~hp,t :.he Go'rern .. ent nee been eo .. elled to un:.J.e . :.s.Ke the r egi at r a ti on of all labour in the Colon;; , ana. inten~s t o con s crin t 10 , 000 ~~skillea labourers , as soor. as :.hey Luve been r egi ste r ed , i nto oi::..:i tar :· ~abo;u- corps. The Esaenti u l ork regulutior.s hb;;;_ also • .. ed wO be ti gLt e ncd Ui b. the i r troauc tior. o.~. ena- se.r.c~l ...... s for c 1 :~...::.ces s u e .. s absenteei so or ne le et_}~~ ~ · r •• .l'r ~- ~ c.l , . f..~t ~·"._) ' " ~~ r- -r .A ... Io.J 't~--- .
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s: re ~- '~" .... urns' un rent oub~s ~;~ i:.e :.. riun · ir:in,: Ind~stry --art .. ~rn Prov1nces) Re~latlOl1S -).
+' ~~ -. e·· are u2tra ·ires unless ... ne. ~! ee ' · a x. ::o be necessary or expeai~nt for secur1r1o "" .. e - --.... -- - ... , . -... -"bl ~ s..,-~.,t·• th-" de: ... enc-: of' t hF! terr i tor~-, -:.4e ...!iln:ensnce 0:.., fUbliC O!'der, thP ff'iCient rose.: u- ior: c~ t r.e ::.r, C!' :or . ·, 1nt ining supplies
or .ser71Ces esse;.~ia:_ to tt e lift;; 0 ... the COtru unity,
~~~ce :ce loss of alaya the production o:' tin ... ifofe necessary t an ever for the efficient pPo.,ecu:.io.:-: c:~ :"'e \fur . Po 1er has been taken b:r t:.e ·-.=-er ... .:.:-: Je:~e•ce ~Co.;;:pulsory 1'n.tionn.l ..,ervice) ( ~sse .. ti al :.ino;s, i'oPthP.rn Provinces) !tegula tions , 194-2, u·o.2.3 of 1942) to conscribe notive lab?ur for service in the tin :nines; and Sir A. 3urns :po1nte out in paraerap:. 2 of no. 4 that the prin~ipal object of tne .age machinery provided by Re~latlons . o. 2t;. of 19!..2 "is to give power to \iithhold , if ~necessary , ful.:.. osyment of .1ages until the end of " ... ,_ • e!'iod. for .!hi':!h each corps of' men is conscribed '" in or-=.e.r to ec.a•..:.re, n;; far as possible, that ti)ey .. s·.~ll stay fo!' the '7hole duration of the !lf:riod;"
11na. .e a ds th!?.t r.~ is 11 Satis!'iea that only by • suen r-teas1.ll'es ca!1 the "•lll use of' the labour be "effr:. ti:r l~ se~fr.~f.' .· .. . -14.: other tords. the obJ ·et is to ensure t .• - :A _-., "·"" production of' which is necessary f'o.r "" _ "!.:: ... clen"t prosecution o the \·1ar, i in act proG:....ceU. oy these J..fr·ican conscrints .
-G. ul:.~ other hand , of course, it 1111 ht be
rgued tnd t , e1S :·1 eri a rns apparently nv..tde reP:Ula tions + 1 ~ on ~.ne 1te.:. o~ tr.e U. K. Lssential '/ark Order proi,ibitiu_ P"'rsor.<J emploJed in esc ntial industries fro r. leaving t . ..$it_,,' "Jr(. is no ne«~d to lJI'ov l<lc this ~£e rr.ac} iner.,. i er 1er to keep them at .tork.
L'he ans~1e:c to t 1·12 t, ho :ever, 'lfoulc1 nppr;~ur to be tt.at,•lespite ti1e existenc•: of l',.,gulatiCJnG CJr1 tl P 11Ji~S of th~ ul11'.;cd J\.1JJ dolll ::c ential /ork Ol'd ,.
} en o in fact leay,. t"~lr cmnloy""nt lith irnuwntr b -c me, be in~ ao •ttch aliko , - tl.cy cen,.o t L< i dunt if' te d "· J tl ey lH '' ~ left tltci1· 101·k, r.han , d tb 1r· llllJrc, and
01 ta1ned I _lloyr ·1 t in vOiiC otu r• Ctp city (fl C the 1 Jt t 10 r •ra.l s of ·• ibl ert's minute of 2/G/L!2 l,ov~.; 1.
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No_ 91 of J942
EGU
MADE UNDER
PC)\VI~I~S (l)f,FI•:NCE) AC'I'S, 19:~9
1\ND 1940
In exerci~e of the powers conferred upon the Governor by ~cc t ions 1 of the Emer~ency Powers (IJcfence) Acts, 19:~9 and 1 94 0, as explained by the Emergency J)owcrs (Defence) (No. 2) Act, 194 0, and as extended to Nigeria and explained by the l~mergency J>owers (Colonial ))ef ence) Orders in Council, 1939 and 1 94 0, ctnd the Emergency I"'owers (1ColoniaJ Defence) (J~x• ,Janalion ) Order in Council, 1942, respectively, and all other powers hin1 enabling, the following regulations are hereby made:-
) . '1 1 1H~HC' reg·ulationA rnay be cited as tl1o Mining Industry Short title. ~CoJ1lrol ol \Vag<·s) (Northc·rn Provinee~) (No. 2) ltegulations, ] ( J 1 ~ .
2. l n tlH'S<... rc·gulatjons the expression " Acl1ninistrative J)in( ·tor " lJH'ttllFI llae JH'J'HOll appointe<l to that oflic·o in accon~allCl' \\ i u I t lH) 1 ' 1' 0 V i H i ())I H () r tl J(j j g (. r i a ] ) e f e n e e ( c 0 Ill p u h;o r .Y N a t1 0 J l a l Se rvic,.) (J~ eu tin] .1\1 iu<\ , N orLl1cJ·n J>rovinccH) (No. :.!) lteg-u]a-tlon , 1 D42.
Definition.
No. 90 of 1942.
3 . :rot,vitl.staJidlil!! nnytJ t'ng in tlH! I.~abonr Ordinance, 1920, Powerto ..... 1 · · · ])' ( Adn1inistra-
OT j 11 , ny other {~rdiHalleG ('Otd,· t.iued .the A< JnJnJstrat.tve n·ce .or tive Jnay h y notice ed,her gcuerally or 1n r<~spcct of any Hpcci!ied Director to di trict, · JC" or lnill <!·-- fix:wages
and rnothod (o) fi the rate of 'va.gcs (o 1Jc paid, ancl ofpayment.
( IJ) 1i 11 p 111 < tl1 o<l of ])aynH· n t. of wageR~ . . Ordinanco Jn l<' 1,c·ct 0 )ahoun·r c111plo.ved in the tutniug industry or 111 1 of 1929.
re pect of any cla s of such persons. Application of Ordinanct'l No. 27 of 1939
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The Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection Society (Ill whlt·b art' lncorporatt'd th .. llntl h autt Jlorelgu Anti·Siavt'r}' Society anti thll All •rll(lne.~ Protr.ctlnu Socltl)')
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THE RT. HoN. THE EARL oF LmoN, P.C., K.G., G.C.S.I., G.C.I.Ji.
}omc Pretidenrs : Tun Rr. HoN. LORD MESTON, K.c.s.I. Chwrman : CuARLHS H. Ronmrs, EsQ.
Vict'-Chairmen : Cu RooEN DuXToN, EsQ. ws• TAAV!i
fill! H.T. I IoN. Low> NO!!!. BuxroN, J•,r·.
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1\lRS. E. K. SOUTIIGAT ·
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DENISON HOUSE,
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Colouiuc, ;~9th June , 1942.
y J.,o r ,
I m d1rootod by the Anti - Slavery and. Ahorit;,..,ines 1 rot c t1 ou Jo c1oty to inform you thu t they have learned w 1 th d cone rn that Hoe:ulut1ons have been mude by mouns of wh1oh 1f'rican labour in Northern Nigeria may be conscripted or eo npul..;ory KXXXi aorvioo in the mines of• that territory.
2 . 'J.lhe ooo1ety rauliaos tllut c1nce tho los e of l alayo 1t 1 eo .... ont1al for the war effort th t the product ion o:r tin 1n oth r lr1t1t.h ll pondonoioa 1u which it 1s found should l> ,r tly rxpanded a 1tl tllat N1e;or1a io u tln-produo1ng country.
N v th 1 se , 1 t is urpr lsed to learn tl1at 1 t should hav e been con 10 r d u c .. ·ary to r eoort t o foro d labour in N1 go ri a in ord r to ouro tb . .,upply or Jab our noo uea .
3. N~g r1a ha. popul tion eatimeted 1u 1938 t o be O~uOO , OOO poo:pl of wllorn B,uoo ,ooo at loaat may bo estimat a
to 11 Oult m 1 a . Th D1str1but1oll of Na tive Lubour in 141 r1 dur111 ~ l9:58 comp1lod from the Government Dlueboolc for 1938 ( b1ch form. Appendix Ill at p . 79 of Ma jor Ql~do-ro n ' R port on La ,our Cond I tiona in We at A1'r1oa, C1pd. o277) how th t 48, 000 m n w re ernplo y cl iu 1 (~ 38 in m1 ne a other than
th Oo v ·nm n t co1 11 ry, OtHl th :1 t th to tal number in N1 gorle. n J d :1n mploym nt or wag a w ouly 182,600. A:;sum1n
th t th product1ol1 of t1n w aoubla<l, 1t io e.stoniohin to 1 rn th t 46,000 a 1t:1on 1 bouroro could 11ot b ot by volunt ry r oru tm 11t from oo abutl nt ' r o rvo1r or la~our, 1f u '1c1 11t 1n uo m nt h d bcoll offor d.
ll. 'J~h uO o1 ty V1 WO w1llh 1arnny the tl}'lplioat10ll durill th o oro 1 l>ou for prl v t, Jfi b r pris() to one Al'l'"1 oan
t I notb r. 'l'h y ar 11w r uh t tll ] 'oroea L bour Conv nt on, 1 ~~0, 1 uot O] rnt:tvo 1C ('or,,.Jd labour 1e exeoted
v nt o w , but th y ro 1 that ~be p1r1t or: the houla b h od to 1n w r pouoe unless oom-on xi t or d p rt1.u trom 1 t. 'l'he conv nt1on ly 1n t x ot ono oroed labour tor I>r1vate
n a1 c t n , fo o a. 1 bour dur1n(, 11ho wer, the ·ouch r1 lhod 1 ha r opeotod this pr1no1ple. uouml nt oll th.o Qov rn111 nte or the Crown Colonies
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n To the Editor ot tJ1e Manchester Guardzan
·- Sir, r..ri. s Rita Hinden's full and i~1-1 teresting letter on iorced labour 1n ,. the colonies calls for one "On1111ent
onlY frotn n1e. 1\Iiss Hind en itnplics-~ quite unintet\tlonally, I an1 sure th:Jt
1ne companies owning· the Nigerian tinmines are bc:1efiting frotn the use of so-called forced labour in the colony.
First, :rnay I make it clear that the introduction of forced labour in Nigeria \VClS a Government decision \Vith \\·hich the tinminer~ had nothing to do ·7 Secondly: the co1npan ies arc gettin~ no benefit \Vhatever fron1 the increased output. On the contrary, they are actually running do\vn then· l)roperties to fill vi tal and urgent ". ar requirements. The price of tin ,\·as fixed by the lVIinistry of Supply in December, 1941. at £275 per ton. and this pricefixing \vas done \Vithout consultation \Vith the tinmining con1panies .
When supplies of tin fron1 the Far East \Vere threatened the Nigerian tinmining cotnpanies decided in the national interest although aga ·nst their
· O\Vn interest, for they \VOUld thereby be shortening considerably the lives of . \vhat are reco~nised to be tnines \Vith a very short life to prcduce to their
-rnaximum capacity, and they came to this decision some time before they \Vere , called upon to do so by the Government.
Although the Nigerian tintnines may be producing in one year 'vha t is the · equivalent of t\vo or three years' ncacc-
• • t1me production, all the profits of. this greatly accelerated output are subject to 100 per cent E.P.T.
It \Vill be obvious that every ton of adc!itional. tin produced in Nigeria, whIlst. of 1ncsUmable value to the \Var supplies of the United Nations, is directly OPTJOSCd to the interests of the tinmining- companies. but. as I have sa icl. th_Pse r·r!ln p~ n i cs quite rightly put thf~ na tJon al 1 n terests bP fore their 0\\'11. -Yours. &c ..
W .. J G . BnrTTATN, Secretary the Tin · Producers' Ass<ic.:iation, Inc.
1 1, I r<JJ unonger 1 Ja ne. Loncl on. E.C. 2. June ~4 .
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1 I~y I\11\URICE ~'EBB
'rHE action of the Colonial Office in approving a regu
lation compelling A f r i can ' natives to work in privatelyQWned tin mines in Nigeria was strongly challenged in the Con1.-n1ons yesterday. .
M.P.s regarded the Teplies of Mr .. Harolcl Macmill8n, the Under- , Sccretru·y. as wholly uns::t tisfactory . and Mr. Crccch Jones <L.,ab.) gave not iec that he would initiate a full 1
debate on the .whole 1natter at an 1 early daLe. ;
'At this debate the cri tics of the Government's policy will assert
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· that: Adequate voluntary labour for
the 1nines could have been secured without rE!>ort to compulsion.
The Ordmance was imposed without -any attempt to safeguard the welfare of the con-
1 scripted natives. Private profit wil1 accrue out of
. forced labour to the companies , exploiting the mines.
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1 The regulations gravely dan1agc the prestige of our colonial
, adtninistration in West Africa . .. •
- '' Gr.eat Urgency'' - In reply Lo Ml'. Crccch Jones, who
asked why forced labour had been l adopLcd, Mr. Mactnillan said that " Lhe reciula.tions were enacted as a , n1crJsure oJ great urgency by lhe · Govcnunent of Ntgeria to meet the
F.:J Lua t1on rcsul Ling fron1 the loss of Lhe l•,ar E;asLcrn ~;ources for the supply of tin.
l'v1r. Crct•eh ,Joncs sa.id t,he cl<>cisjon to adopt Jorccd labour ha.d rt1 Vf'l'l a great shock to progressive
• • opnnon. \ Mr. MacrnilHtn replied tha,t the lo·) or t>O per ·cent. or our tin supplic :, bccattsf..: of the Far Eastern :,iLua.Lioll. had also caused a. shoclc.
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,UR ~~o It N G 1 l{IAN I TIN MINI~S
~11\. l\ 1 r. I-I a r o 1 d iVI a c n 1 i 11 a n , P a r l i a n 1 en t a r y
tJ n de r-Se~ re tar y for l h e C o 1 o n i c s, vv a :-; que~tioned in the llou~e of (~orn1non~ by i\Ir. Har\rey (Ind., Eng·lish lrnivPr~ itie~ ) · and lVI r. Creech J ones (Lab., Ship]ey) concerning· t he rep: u 1 a L1 on s ,,. h i c h conscripted native L-1bour in Nigeria for ·. \Vork in the tin 1ninPs. I-le ~aid that the re g· u I at ions re f e rr e d to \\T e re en a c t e cl as 1
a In ea sure of g·re~1 t urgency by the ' Governor of Nigeria lo n1ecL Lhe silua- f
tion o£ the lo~s of I~, a 1· Eas te 1 n source~ /: of supply of tin.
l\Ir. Har\·ey: Is it not urgent that proper and lnore specific safeguard should be enforced, without delay, by the · Governor?
lVIr. Macn1illan sa1d it \Vas a very urgent· n1atter and that was why they took this action. ·
lVIr. Creech J ones: In view of the shock this information gives in this country
· about the extension of forced labour in Nigeria, · \V here there is ~ considerable
. surplus of labour that can be employed, ·on what public grounds has this decision
. · been taken and what 1s g·oing to be done I · about the profits and royalties made out
of the exploitation of cheap native ~ labour for private profit and private
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enterprise? : lVIr. lVIacn1illan: In reg·arcl to the first . -
quesLion, it was a considerable shock to 1
this coun t1·y \\7 hen 60 per cent. of the . \vorld supply of tin \Vas lost to us and it
became necessary to n1ake it g·ood. In regard to the second and third qu~tions, tl1e proflts of the con1panies are liable to excess profits tax up to 100 per cent. and the royalties .go largely to the revenue of the colonies in question .
lYir. Creech Jones said that owing to the unsatisfactory nature of the reply he would raise the tnatter later.
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' j 1942
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NH_,EHI \ 1\. r C::•) fl(" :~0. ,)~ (l Jlf 1
REGULATIONS .MADE UNDER
THE EMERGENCY PIO\VERS (DEFE_ 1CE) _\CTS, 19:)9 AND 1940.
In exercis~ of the po·wers conferred upon the Governor b·• •
~ub-sectioa (1) of section 1 0f the Emergen_cy Pov .. '~rs (Oefencc1 Act, 1939, and of the powers conferred upon the Governor bv •
~ub-section (1) of section 1 of the. Emergency Powers (Defenc:·) .\et, 1940. as adapted and modified in their app!ication to Nigeri? by Article 3 and by Article 1 of His Majesty's Orders in Counci! entitled respectively the En1ergency Powers (Colonial Defence) Order in Council. 1939. and the Emergency Powers (Colo,,ial l)efence) Order in Council. 1940, and all other powers hin1
nabling. the follO\\'ing regulations are hereby made:-
1. 'Tltt ...... t' regutniou-- nla~· 1w riterl n-.. tht' ~i~·prl<t Ih·ft->111"1' l '<•ll11l n I -lll ~ :'\a 1 iom1 I ~" rYi n•.l (Am emhu en t .1 H "g nb I i 1111 '. 1! 1-1- I .
a n d ... hall ( ·' •11 \..... in t o fur{' P u n t 11 t-' ·2 1 lt 1, · 1 c.1 Y of .Tu 11 ~-'. 1 q-+ 1 . •
·2. H "i!·ula t iull ~ u f I he ::'\" i g-Pri a Dt'f t.'lll ·e ! (' <>lll]l1l I sur.\ :'\a I i< ~ na I "•·rYic·p l(t-!!HI:tlinll:-. IH-10. hert'inafr.,r <·Hll,..,l tl<t· pn1w1]><d
t> n· n 1 at 1 n n ' . · i ... h er<~ l )\ < n u P 1 ' '1 P d h Y ;. u 1 <1111 o· T lw t u 11 o w i 1\ t!' h n 1 lw r ,....... • • r--
p: 1 a!!rapll' th ·Jl·to: -·· -l \\~h .)re· fnr i.Ul\. rt"a..:on d,,. (~u\t'l'l lOl" i-.. "f dw
npiuion that it i~ int>xp.t>client for " twti .. e to lw i--tw<l uH\ •1 hi .... n .. £!111< tioH rt'quirin~t tl1<· ppr-..un:, 1o "-l,oul tl {' toti( P H .. ft .... Pitlu--r to lt'!!i ... ter UlHh·r paragr:tplt It or to
1t H 1 11 l(·r p nt .... Iaph 1:{ iu a<Tnn1an('l' "·it11 thv pro,·...,ioi' (\ tl · .. H·gula(Oll. tltP (JO\"l'l'HOl" IJHl\ h~ )lOtic·p iu
t (, z •tt c ·t r .. tl at :an. ]Jt'l' ... lll 10 "·hon1 para!.!l'< pl1 1 \1-.. 1 .. tl tio1 ·tpplit> ... 'llll ,.oHtin!! witLiu tltP t1acl~> .
. ."oJ rflf'·ttlPH ... p~t·ifi ll ill }l· lltJtic·(-' -..lt,tll In-\) ( 11 < o1 pul-..ol' ,.·yi} <'I 1 1ilit 1\ .. .-·I .·, ·t-- 1 I c· , ........
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h ·1· 1, tinll lt . .-.. het·! Hltifit·d ndl r t J 'c ,- • ... ltreiu th 1 pl n ichd in p~r.·-
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11 an.' ... ut ''t'l'P!I. t.llhn~ npoll hu~t.fp l't•poJ·t
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... 1 ' t ( ht ~i,!llNi. lll 1\'t(lh''L l't'P .OH'lllii!Pilt ll".lll .... pt~r·t ' 1 :~1 1 1 .... ) \'lllt' lt' dh' pl.H'P "lh'l'P ht' I-- lt'"Pllt•tl to rt>port.
() lu tlh' ,1pplicat ~on tit 1 lw pro" 'lll'"' td rt•gu-. 1 I·' t:) 'llH1 )h '( : "1\ }ll'l''llll Ulldt'l jl;\1'\ll'T'l}IJ\ litlll .. ·' -· • . . ' ' t"'
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m .... i 't'l'\l\'t-> d 'll>lln'' tuulPr th,· "''· d p:nn~.naph ..... ". :) 1 t'!...u,1 . :, 1:2 t)f dw prinl'ipal_ !'.t•tnd:tti(ln.- i-. ltt>r,·h~
11 ~.:~hh·d ln :-t:1h··:ntiu~ thL• tigu1~, ·· .) ~ulll ·· ~ .. tnr 11H· n_m .. ·· .3 · .. at.: .. H .. It· ... pt'c·tiYPl~ 111 pnra~Taph ( 1).
4. Ht>_·~!·1·on n tll tht· pritwip:tl n•gtdation .... i, lwrl'h~ . nneud d h ... : .... !'uting- tlw figure ·· .-) .. for the tiguH· ·· :~ .. IJll 1i1 _ i~. · , ..... owl lin" tlf p:trag-raph ~ l) tlwreof.
. . H !!"Ubtwn 1+ of tht:> priw·ip:.l] r~g-uJ.ttiml:-- i" hel'Ph~-,llllt: IHleclln cleh•ting rhf'n .. frnm1lu• wnnl, ·· ln l'P<I,Oll of hi=' fnilurP
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to dnupl~ \\ith thl:' rt•quil't'lllt'Hh of rPg-uLt1ioth :{. 11 ( l ). 1:! (I) and '21 .. o ·c un in!? tltt>rt>itl.
h. P.u-.,g·I-.tph dl,,t" l'P!.!·td:ttinn 11) ot iltP princ·ipnlrPg-ulaiimh 1 ... lw1 el)\ .mtendt.}d:-
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tl h~ dt>lt:>ting- tl1t:> t:>XJIIt':-;"'ion .. rpg·ula t ion -l- or lt-'!!lli.lliou ~ .. tllH1 "'Uh:;tifutiug the rollowiHg l':>.ple ...... inu ·· rt>gulatinn .-,or n .. gi:-;fpring or n·pnrting nncler reg·uhnioll . • · ·: :111cl
\1 I l:~ llt-.enin~ aftt>t tht> wonl" .. t·oulpubor.' :-;t>l"Yirt" .. 111 d1t- penultimatL' lint> tht> "ord ... ··of any <lP..,<'l'iptinll "·hat ... nt>\t--1' or 'Ut·h tlP,t'l'iption "'"' mn~ bt~ :o;pt><'ifierl ·· ·
;. Ul·~ nhniou :2:; of tht-> prilll·ipal regulation" j, hert>h~· ·'
111tllllt',l h~ •lfldillg rl"' wm·d .. nnl ·· nt·t·utTinu: i11 the ,]xtlt lint·
t ~~ t•l POf •
oi tl11' prill<·ipal re!.,rulaiimh fnllo\\iHg P<ll':q.rrctph :'d llH• ell<1
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Printt•d and Published h: thl· (;m ernrm nt Printt·r. L.tgo... . 1597 4 I 3J. per cop ~.
149
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