GENERAL dR DEP : I RTA-r1-WT TEc: HNI C3L Al WNUAL TM 9- 000 Thi n Topl snl csd Manual super sr dX TI N 9- 1940 . dat ed S Jol y 1$42. end Chsngax No, 1, dal ad August I 943 ; OST 0- i e . l +ol a, 1 to 5, i nr l ., r l st ad Oct ober 1742; OFSTb 1944- 11, dat ed L3 ] neaunr y 1943 ; OFSTI I 1904- 13, dat ed 23 Apri l 1943 ; WL>TB 9 1940- 11, Ant ed 21 Apri l 1943; nY&Tl t 1940-1G, dat ed 11 Juua 10431, OFSTE 1900- 17- tl wted 20 September 1943 ; WDTB 9- 1 }LO- 14, dal ad S August 1944 ; and l4iWA ORD 51, dat ed i hdpr r f t 1943. Thi s Techni vat ] annual aupar sedea pnsi i r m t, of WDTB ORD 194 {9 i r pr i nt of OF5TO 1940- t f l ) , dat ed 5 Camber 1943 WDTB ORD 214, dat ed 38 Oct oher 1444; gi , d WDTB ORD 349, dat ed 1 Fr Lr uar y 1445 . 1'1 1 "A1t IM 1' .I R a' M E .'1 T 0 J UN E 1945 RESTRI CTED . DI SSaM INdTION OF RESTRI Cr ED bf dTTER . No per son is endt l ed tl*iy by vi r t ue of hi s gr ade or ppsi dan to 6r mkdga , or pussr sgi on of rl aui f i ed matuz Such matter is ent rust ed aal y to t bo& i ndi vi dual 9 whose uf l caal dut i es mgui ra such kl i owl edge or powm i on- ( 3ac al so par agr aph 23%AR38D-5, 15 March 1944.)
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GENERAL
dRDEP: I RTA- r 1- WT TEc: HNI C3L Al WNUALTM9- 000
Thi n Topl snl csd Manual super sr dX TI N 9- 1940 . dat ed S Jol y 1$42. end Chsngax No, 1, dal adAugust I 943; OST 0- i e . l +ol a, 1 t o 5, i nr l . , r l st ad Oct ober 1742; OFSTb 1944- 11, dat ed L3] neaunr y 1943 ; OFSTI I 1904- 13, dat ed 23 Apr i l 1943 ; WL>TB 9 1940- 11, Ant ed 21 Apr i l 1943;nY&Tl t 1940- 1G, dat ed 11 Juua 10431, OFSTE 1900- 17- t l wt ed 20 Sept ember 1943 ; WDTB9- 1} LO- 14, dal ad S August 1944 ; and l 4i WAORD 51, dat ed i hdpr r f t 1943. Thi s Techni vat] annual aupar sedea pnsi i r mt , of WDTB ORD 194 { 9 i r pr i nt of OF5TO 1940- t f l ) , dat ed 5Camber 1943 WDTB ORD 214, dat ed 38 Oct oher 1444; gi , d WDTB ORD 349, dat ed1 Fr Lr uar y 1445 .
1' 11 "A1t I M1' . I Ra' ME. ' 1T
0
J UNE 1945
RESTRI CTED. DI SSaMI NdTI ON OF RESTRI Cr ED bf dTTER.No per son i s endt l ed t l * i y by vi r t ue of hi s gr ade or ppsi dan t o 6r mkdga, or pussr sgi on of r l aui f i ed mat uz Such mat t er i s ent r ust ed aal y t o t bo&i ndi vi dual 9 whose uf l caal dut i es mgui r a such kl i owl edge or powmi on-
( 3ac al so par agr aph 23%AR38D- 5, 15 Mar ch 1944. )
WARDEPARTMENTWashi ngt on 25, D, C, 18 June 1945
T
9- 1900, Ammuni t i on, Gener al , i s publ i shed f or t he i nf or mat i onand gui dance of al l concer ned.
A. G300, 7 ( 22 Aug44)0. 0. 300. 713890
BY ORDER of THESCARYOFWAx:
OFFI CI AL:EDWARD F. WI TSELL,
Maj or Gener al ,Act i ng Tho Adj ut ant Gener al .
G- C. MARSHALL,Chi ef of St af f .
D=RmuTi ox: AAF ( 5) ; AGF ( 5) ; ASF ( 2) , S Di v A5F ( 1) ;Tof Opn ( 10) ; AA, F Comd ( 2) ; Ar m& Sv Bd ( 1) ;Tech Sv ( 2) ; SvC ( 10) ; FC ( 1) ; BU( 1) ; 1?E, Or d0 ( 5) ; Di st O, 9 ( 5) ; l eg O, 9 ( 2) ; Est abl i shment s,9 ( 5) except AmEst abl i shment s ( 2) ; Decent r al i zedSub- 0, 9 ( 2) ; Gen &Sp Sv Sch ( 10) ; A ( 10) ; C14Q( 10) ; D( 2) ; B 2, 4- 6, 18, 44 ( 1) ; F 2, 4- 11, I 7- 19,44, 55 ( 1) ; En 2- 11, 17- 19, 44, 55 ( 1) ; C2- 11, 17- 19,44, 55 ( 1) ; AF ( 2) 1 W( 1) ; G( 1) ; S( 1) ; LS ( 1) ;F ( 1) .
( For expl anat i on of symbol s, see FM21- 6. )
CONTENTS
I . Hi ghexpl osi ves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tbi e Techni cal Mp. , u* l super sedes TM9- 1900, dat ed 3 Jul y 1943, end ChXges No, 1, dat edAugust 1943; O&T 9- 18, Vat s. I t o 5, i oal . , dol ed Oct ober 1942 ; OA' &' I ` S 1400- 11, dat ed 13Jsouar y 1443 : OFST13 1000- 13, dat ed 32 Apr i l 1943 ; WDT3 4 " 190013, dat ed 22 Apr i t 190;47FSTJ3 J4pX18, dat ed I t June 1948 ; 4FS1TJ l Q00- 17, dnt od 34 l l ept et l i br t 1943 ; WD"9- 19f l 4 . 19, dat ed 5 August 1944 ; ai d WDT8 ORDy1, dat ed 9 5dar ch 1943 . Thi s Techni calManual aapcr sedes ppr Onm or WD' TH ORD 194 S P FOVent of OFSTE 1904- t 11 ] , dol ed 6Nor r mber 1943 ; WDT13 ORI 3 214, dat ed 28 Oct ol xr 1944 ; pad WDTJ3 ORD 249, , l audI N' ebr uar y 1945.
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL
Sect i on 1
I NTRODUCTI ON
a. Thi s manual i s publ i shed f or t he i nf or mat i on and gui danceof Ar my per sonnel concer ned wi t h ammuni t i on. Those r esponsi bl ef or t he handl i ng of ammuni t i on shoul d become t hor oughl y f ami l i arwi t h i t s pr ovi si ons,
h.
The r equi r ement s of t hi s manual wi l l appl y t o Cl ass 1, I I , andI I I i nst al l at i ons.
The r equi r ement s of t he Or dnance Saf et y Manual( O, O. For m 7224) Wi l l gover n Cl ass I V i nst al l at i ons under t hecont r ol of t he Chi ef of Or dnance.
2.
SCOPE.
The i nf or mat i on coot al med i n t hi s t ext i s of a gener alt echni cal nat ur e.
I t concer ns t he sever al t ypes of ammuni t i on, t hei r
gener al char act er i st i cs, means of i dent i f i cat i n, car e i n handl i ng anduse, st or age, sur vei l l ance, par ki ng and mar ki ng shi ppi ng, and t hedest r uct i on of duds and unser vi ceabl e ammuni t i on.
3.
REFERENCES. Fur t her i nf or mat i on concer ni ng speci f i c t ypes ofammuni t i on i s Cont ai ned i n speci f i c Techni cal Manual s and Fi el dI +danual s. Acompl et e l i st of r ef er ences appear s i n chapt er 5.
Par . 4
TAt 4 9- 1900Gener al
4. Y0111[ CNCLATURE.
5eat i on 11
GENERAL DI SCUSSI ON
a.
SNL gr eupp. St andar d nomencl at ur e i s est abl i shed so t hatever y i t emsuppl i ed by t he Or dnance Depar t ment may be speci f i cal l yi dent i f i ed by name. I t consi st s of t he t ype, si ze, and model of eachi t em.
I t s use f or al l pur
es of r ecor d i s mandat or y, except wher euse of AI C symbol ( par . 4h) i s aut hor i zed.
Ammuni t i on nomet t .cl ot ur e i s publ i shed i n ORD11 St andar d Nomencl at ur e Li st s ( SN1, ' s)of gr oups P, R, 5, end T, and i t s exact use wi l l keep t o a vni ni mur ner r or s i n t he shi pment , st or age, i ssue, r ecor di ng, and use of ammu-ni t i on i t ems.
( 1)
Gr oup F cont ai ns I si s of ammuni t i on f or medi umand heavyf i el d ar t i l l er y ( 155- mmgun and above) , Coast ar t i l l er y, and ant i -ai r cr af t weapons.
( 2)
Gr oup Rcont ai ns l i st s of ammuni t i on f or l i ght and medi umf i el d, t ank, ant i t ank, and ai r cr af t ar t i l l er y weapons ( Mr nr n gut st hr ough 155- mmhowi t zer ) , mor t ar s, mi nes, and demol i t i on mat er i al .
( 3)
Gr oup S cont ai ns l i st s of bombs, gr enades, pyr ot echni cs, andr ocket s.
( 4) Gr oup T cont ai ns l i st s of ammuni t i on f or smal l - ar mswcapo" ,
h.
Amnsul ut i on I dent i f i ca t i on Code nyni hol e. TheAni t nuni t i onI dent i f i cat i on Code ( AI C) symbol has been est abl i shed t o f aci l i t at et he suppl y of ammuni t i on i n t he f i el d. Code symbol s assi gned t oeach i t em of ammuni t i on i n a speci f i c packi ng ar e t o be used i nmessages, r equi si t i ons, and r ecor ds, Thesecode symbol s ar e publ i shedbasi cal l y i n ORD11 SNL' s of gr oups P, R, S, and T. Af ul l expl ana-t i on of t he composi t i on and use of t he AI Csymbol wi l l be f ound i nSB9- AMM5 and changes t her et o.
TM 9- 1900
Tar s. 5- 6CCener al
5. CLASSI FI CATI ON.
a.
Gener al .
Ammuni t i on i s cl assi f i ed accor di ng t o use as ser vi ce,pr act i ce, bl ank, or dr i l l ( ar dummy) . I t may al so be cl assi f i edaccor di ng t o t ype of Mi er as expl osi ve, chemi cal , or i ner t .
16 .
Ser vi ce ammuni t i on,
Ser vi ce ammuni t i on i s i nt ended t o be
f i r ed f or ef f ect i n combat . Such ammuni t i on ( except smal l - ar msammuni t i on) may be f ur t her cl assi f i ed accor di ng t o t ype as hi gh-expl osi ve, hi gh- expl osi ve- ant i t ank, ar mor - pi er ci ng, gas, smoke, cani s-t er , i ncendi ar y, i l l umi nat i ng, or pyr ot echni c.
e,
Pr act i ce. ammuni t i on.
Pr act i ce ammuni t i on i s f i r ed f or ef f ecti n si mul at ed combat and i s pr ovi ded f or t r ai ni ng i n mar ksmanshi p.The pr oj ect i l e i n t hi s t ype of ammuni t i on may have a si nal l quant i t yof l ow- expl osi ve f i l l er t o ser ve as a spot t i ng char ge, or i t maybe i ner t .
{ 1,
Bl ank ammuni t i on.
Bl ank ammuni t i on i s pr ovi ded i n smal land medi umcal i ber s f or sal ut i ng pur poses and si mul at ed f i r e . I t hasno pr oj ect i l e.
e.
Mi l l ani t kwuni don. Dr i l l or dur nr ny ar nr nuni t i oa i s used f ort r ai ni ng i n handl i ng and l oadi ng ( " ser +r i ce of t he pi ece" ) ,
I t i s com-pl et el y i ner t ,
6. I DENTI FI CKi TI ON.
a.
Gener al .
Ammuni t i on i s compl et el y i dent i f i ed, except as t ogr ade, by pai nt i ng and mar ki ng on or i gi nal packi ng Cont ai ner s . Forpur poses of r ecor d, t he st andar d nomencl at ur e of t he i t em, t oget herwi t h i t s l ot number , compl et el y i dent i f i es t he ammuni t i on. Oncer emoved f r om i t s packi ng, ammuni t i on may be i dent i f i ed by t hepai nt i ng and mar ki ng on t he ammuni t i on i t ems. Ot her essent i ali nf or mat i on may al so be obt ai ned f r omt he mar ki ng on ammuni t i on
a
For . 6
TM 9. 1908Ger mr af
( 2)
Cal i ber , wei ght , or si ze .
Model desi pat or L
i t ems. The mur al s vel oci t y of pr oj ect i l es may be obt ai ned f r or n t hef i r i ng t abl es and ammuni t i on dat a car ds; i n t he case of some r oundsof snxal l er cal i ber , t he muzzl e vel oci t y may appear on t he packi ng box.
I ncl uded i n t ent h t he mar ki ng and t he st andar d nomencl at ur e ar e
( 1) A br i ef descr i pt i on of t he t ype or qui t abl e abbr evi at i ont her eof .
( 4)
" Wher e r equi r ed, such addi t i onal i nf or mat i on as t he modeland t ype of f uze, t he model of t he cannon i n whi ch t he i t emi s f i r e$,t he wei ght of pr oj ect i l e f or whi ch a separ at e- l osdi ng pr opel l i ngchar ge i s sui t ed, et c,
( 5)
The l ot number i s mar ked on t he ammuni t i on but i s not apar t of t he nomencl at ur e . However , when r ef er r i ng t o speci f i c at i ' I muni t i on, i t i s necessar y t o ment i on t he l ot npmber as wel l as t hest andar d nomencl at ur e .
h. Mar k or model . To i dent i f y a par t i cul ar desi gn, a modeldesi gnat i on i s assi gned at t he t i me t he model i s cl assi f i ed as ai madopt ed t ype. Thi s model desi gnat i on beoot t t es an essent i al Par tof t he nomencl at ur e and i s i ncl uded i n t he mar ki ng of t he i t em. Thepr esent syst em of model desi gnat i on consi st s of t he l et t er " M" f ol -l owed by an ar abi c numer al , f or exampl e, " M1. " Modi f i cat i ons ar ei ndi cat ed by addi ng t he l et t er " A" and t he appr opr i at e ar abi cnumer al . Thus, " MI AL" i ndi cat es t he f i r st Modi f i cat i on of an i t emf ar whi ch t he or i gi nal model desi gnat i on was " XI .. " Wher ever a ". B"
suf f i x appear s i n a model desi gnat i on i t i ndi cat es an i t em of al t ecna"t i ve ( or subst i t ut e) desi gn, mat er i al , e manuf act ur e. Cer t ai n i t emsst andar di sed f or use by bot h Ar nWand Navy ar e desi gnat ed by " AN"pr ecedi ng t he model desi gnat i on, f or exampl e, AN- MI 03AI , AN- Mk19. Fr omWor l d War I t o l Jul y 1975, i t was t he pr act i ce t o assi gnmar k number s, t hat * t he wor d " Mar k, , abbr evi at ed " Mk" f ol l owed
TM 9- 1900
Par .Gener al
by a r oman numer al . The medi f i cat i on was i ndi cat ed by t he addi t i onof MI t o t he mar k number , t he second I I , et c. ; af t er 2 Apr i l 1945,
. t hese r oman numer al s i n Mar k number s wi l l be i ndi cat ed by ar abi c,r at her t han r oman, numer al s, Thi s change f r om r oman t o ar abl enumer al s wi l l af f ect ammuni t i on i t ems i n use by t he V. S. Ar mywhi ch ar e of Br i t i sh or Navy or i gi n, and al so ol der ar my i t ems whi char e nowassi gned Mar k number s. ' Pr i or t o Wor l d War I , t he yeari n whi ch t he desi gn was adopt ed, pr eceded by t he l et t er °14f , " wasused as t he model desi gnat i on, f or exampl e, M1914.
c.
Ammuni t i on l ot number .
At t he t i me of manuf act ur e ever yi t em of ammuni t i on i s assi gned a l ot number . Wher e t he si ze oft he i t emper mi t s, i t i s mar ked on t he i t emi t sel f t o i nsur e per manencyof t hi s means of i dent i f i cat i on.
I n addi t i on t o t hi s l ot number , t her ei s assi gned t o each compl et e r ound of f i xed and ser ni f i xed ammuni -t i on an ammuni t i on l ot number whi ch ser ves t o i dent i f y t he coml i -t i ons under whi ch t he r ound was assembl ed, and t he component sused i n t he assembl y. Thi s ammuni t i on. l ot number i s mar ked onever y compl et e r ound of f i xed and semi f i xed ammuni t i on ( exceptwher e t he i t em i s t oo smal l ) and on al l packi ng cont ai ner s . I t i sr equi r ed f or al l pur poses of r ecor d, i ncl udi ng r epor t s on condi t i on,f unct i oni ng, and acci dent s, i n whi ch t he ammuni t i on i s i nvol ved.As f ar as pr act i cabl e, al l compl et e r ounds of any par t i cul ar ammuni -t i on l ot ar e made up of component s sel ect ed f r omt he same l ot . Toobt ai n t he gr eat est accur acy i n any f i r i ng, successi ve r ounds shoul dbe f r om t he same ammuni t i on l ot ,
d.
Ammuni t i on dat a car d.
Ammuni t i on dat a car ds wi l l be f ur -ni shed i n t he pr escr i bed amount s f or al l ammuni t i on i t ems of i ssueexcept smal l - ar ses ammuni t i on. Thi s i s a 5- by 8- i nch car d, on whi chi s pr i nt ed dat a concer ni ng t he i t em and i t s component s .
Dat a car dsar e f or war ded wi t h shi ppi ng t i cket s at t he t i me of shi pment sand ar eal so Sent t o t he ul t i mat e consi gnee. I nf or mat i on on t he car ds i n-cl udes l ot number ; dat e packed; i dent i t y of component s; expect edpr essur es; expect ed muzzl e vel oci t y ; assembl i ng and f i r i ng i nst r uc-t i ons when r equi r ed; and AI Csyr gboi s on l ot s now bei ng pr oduced.
5
Par . 3
Ti l l 9- 19M
r . PAI NTI NG ANDMARKI NG.
a.
Pai nt i ng. Ammuni t i on i s pai nt ed pr i MWi l y t o pr event r ust .Secondar y pur pose$ ar e t o pr ovi de, by t he col or , a r eady means ofi dent i f i cat i on as t o t ype, and t o camouf l age t he ammuni t i on by t heuse of l ust er l ess ol i ve- dr ab pai nt . See f i gur es 1 t o 15, i ncl usi ve,f or t he use of col or on ammuni t i on and i t s packi ngs . The col orscheme i s as f ol l ows :
( 1}
For ammuni t i on ot her t hen bombs, smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on,and pyr ot echni cs ,
Hi gh- expl osi ve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ol i ve- dr ab, wi t h mar ki ng i n yel l ow
I l l umi nat i ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gr ay, wi t h 1 whi t eband and mar ki ng
Chemi cal %
i n whi t e
Per si st ent casual t y gas . . . . . . . . Gr ay, wi t h 2 gr een bands and mar k-i ng i n gr een
Nonper si st ent casual t y gas . . . Gr ay, wi t h 1 gr een band and mar ki ngi n gr een
Per si st ent har assi ng gas . . . . . . . Gr ay, wi t h 2 r ed bands and mar l angi n r ed
NOnper si st ent har asai ng gas . Gr ay, wi t h 1 r ed hand and mar ki ngi n r ed
Smoke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gr ay, wi t h 1 yel l ow band and mar k-i ng i n yel l ow
I ncendi ar y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gr ay, wi t h 1 pur pl e band and mar k-i ng i n pur pl e
Pr act i ce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bl ue, wi t h mar ki ng i n whi t e
Dummyor i ner t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bl ack, wi t h mar ki ng i n whi t e ( br onzeor br ass assembl i es ar e unpai nt ed) .4
TM 9, 1900
Pa r . 7
Gener al
( 2)
For bombs, ot her t han Chemi cal and pr act i ce, t he pai nt i ng i sol i ve- dr ab, and 1- i nch col or bands ar e pai nt ed at t he nose and t ai lends of t he body.
Mar ki ngs ar e i n bl ack, except f or t he i ncendi ar ybomb whi ch has pur pl e st enci l l i ng.
The col or of t he bands i s as f ol -l ows f or t he t ypes of bombs i ndi cat ed .
When bombe ar e l oaded wi t h Composi t i on B, " COMP. E" i s st enci l edt wi ce, 180 degr ees apar t on each band. When bombs ar e l oaded wi t ht r i t ona4 a t hi r d col or band, 1/ 2- - i nch wi de, i s l ocat ed mi dway bet weent he t wo bands on ei t her end. These bombs have an i ner t pad i n eachend. When TNT or COMP. B l oaded bombs ar e equi pped wi t hi ner t pads, t hey wi l l be st enci l ed " WI THFADS" t o di st i ngui sh f r ombombs wi t h t he smal l f i l l i ng, but wi t hout pads ; t he pur pose of t hei ner t pad i s t o r ender t he bomb l ess sensi t i ve t o bl ows on t he enddur i ng handl i ng and shi ppi ng. Pr act i ce bombs ar e pai nt ed bl ue wi t hwhi t e mar ki ngs but have no col or bands. Smal l f r agment at i on bor nbshave no col or bands but t he nose and t ai l ar e pai nt ed yel p . Chem-i cal bombs ar e pai nt ed gr ay, except i ncendi ar y bombs whi ch ar epai nt ed ol i ve- dr ab, and mar r ed wi t h col or bands and st enci l i ng i naccor dance wi t h t he col or scheme f or ot her ammuni t i on gi ven i n st ep( 1) , above.
( )
Smal l ar ms car t r i dges do not r equi r e pai nt i ng. However , t hebul l et t i ps of car t r i dges ar e pai nt ed a di st i nct i ve col or ( f i g . 1) t o ai di n r eady i dent i f i cat i on as t o t ype, as f ol l ows .-
Bal l
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No col or t i p
Ar mor - pi er ci ng- i ncendi ar y . . . . . . . . . . Al umi num ( si l ver )
Ar mor - pi er ci ng- i ncendi ar y- t r acer . . Red wi t h al umi numannul us t o t her ear
For s . 7- - _. g
I ncendi ar y . . . .
_ Var i ous shades of 4l ue
TM 4- T900
Tr acer
. . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . , . . _
, . Var i ous
5bAdes
of
r ed,
such
as
or ange and mar oon, and whi t e
Fr angi bl e
Whi t e t i p wi t h gr een annul us t ot 1r. e cesr
( 4. )
pyr ot echni cs ar e not mar ked i n accor dance wi t h t he gener al
col or scheme but , wher e col or mar ki ngs ar e used, t hey i ndi cat e t he
col or of t he pyr ot echni c ef f ect f scOduce- d .
I n geamer al , however , pyr o-
t echni cs, ar e pai nt ed gr ay wi t h mar ki ng i n bl ack.
I f t he body of he
i t em i s ¬t l ur r xi num car magn. egi um, i t may n«t he pai nt ed.
I f t he ! . em
i s i nt ended f or i ncendi ar y pur VOses, mar ki ngs cor e i n pur pl e.
} a.
f l ar ki t i g.
The mar ki ng st enci l ed or st amped on t he anr r l uni -
t i on and on. i t s packi ng CODt ai l %e' i ncl ucl ol . al l i nf or mat i on ne ; sar y
f nr compl et e i dent i f i cat i on. .
Fur t her i nf oi nt at i on concer ni ng T t nt i ng
and mar ki ng wi l l be f ound under t he speei &v t ype of ammo. t i t i an i n
chapt er 2 and i n sect i on I V of chapt er 3.
GRADI NG.
a, .
Ammuni t i on i s - Anuf act ur r d t o r i gor Ous spec' f cat i ons and i s
t hor oughl y i nspect ed bef or e accept ance, Ammuni t i ot " - k st or age i R
per acndi cal l y i nspect ed and t est ed i l l accor dance wi t h Qpeci f sc i nst r uc-
t i onX- f ur ni shed by t he Chi ef of Or dnance,
1a .
Each l ot ckf smal j Tar ms ammki ni t i On i s gr eded
' r r a001i l y, on t he
qual i t i es whi ch make t hat l ot especi . a113. " sui t abl e f or . .: i n a- par t i cu
Jar cl ass or smal l - ar ms weapons such as ai r cr af t ao: d ant i ai r cr af t
machi ne eons . r i f l es, and gr ound machi ne guns ( WDSS9- AMM4) .
±- .
Fach l ot nf ar nmuni t i on ot her t han sr - . ! - amt s ammuni t i on i s
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a . Sut aj ect t o t 3ect aal i n%t r i i ct i or m f i ' or n t yr e Chi ef of 0sc1r : - i nns. -.at nmuni t i or i Of appM¬Xr i at e t ype and model wi l l t ai used i n t he l ol -] owi t xg ¬ar dor : l i mi t ed st r r r t X9ar °ct , subst i t ut e st andar d. %I i i sndar d. Wi t hi nt hi s r ul e, amr nuDi t i on whi r , - l 1 has l : ad t he l ongest or l east Gi vcnabl esi or oge wi l l be use- - d f i r st. AI -; I QTI LI 1r . 1: 1 ( A c=r Xur r 1 age. pr i or i t y Qf I NSUL
wi l l be gi ven t o t l r E smal l est l ot .
l i .
To pr evLXt , t t he bui ) di ng ki p a7¬ f xr - L?! i . 3 st ocks i n t he f i el d, t r ans-f er s f r om one St r - i t ' ' Ki n t o X4 ; ", nt her shor i l d be K3r : ang( l d wi l ] i i n t he ser V- i cecor n[ nand i f no st ar k <__( Xppr opci ot e gr ade f or i r : medi mv use i s onhand.
e . Pr i r i r i t y of i sj j i , se f i . > l XcXt s c>f smal l - xr - i ns ammuni t i on i >- V' i l at -
l i shed by t he Chi ef of Or dnance and pul f l i st i ed i s WDSEA 9, AMM4oar i n sper i a1 i nst r uct i ons.
el .
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a . I n or der t r > keep nmmumt i on i n a ser vi ceabl e condi t i on ar i ( lr " - ar t y. f ns i mmedi at e i ssuo and use. dr ams c°CXnsi C3gr xt i r aX3 sboul d be gi vent o t he gk , ner al r ul es gi ven 1w4ow_ Det ai l ed nf ?r mHt i c, n or t car e andpr eser vci t i on i s gi ven i n chapt er s 2 anr t : 3 .
! , . St or e ar nzr r uni t pun i n t he or i gi nal cusi t ai ner s i n a dr y- wel i -+ent i hi t ed pl ace pr ot ect ed f r omt he di r uct r ays ±) f t he sun and ot her
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, 41 .
Di SKSSX' r nhl y of component s d, f ar r Xr t i uni t i on. such as f uzus andpr i mer s, wi t bou, t speci f i c aut hor i zat i on .
sr nct t y pr Ql i 0?i t e_cl . Anyal t er at i on of l oodesl ar acmuni t i on, except l i v di r t kXl i nn of t he t echai X, s1sour ce concer ned %r nd unci vr t he super vi si on o¬ Rcmr i n i s i oned of f i cerof t hat ser vi ce . i s hat nr dci uK ana9 must not . be under t aken,
e .
Dc) r r cpt oper a seXj l ec. i : nr i ' , Ni nr : r s ar r emove. pr ut et : t i vv Cr r Saf et ydeVi e+?s unt i l ; r i f t bc : 3ur e use. eXCXPt as r e" yui . ed f or i nspect i t i n .
f .
Expi osr y¬ eni r r ur r 1ar l on r l zr asr he har i s3i ed wt r f 7 " ?_PPr r Xpr r dt r ; Car eat al l l ouses, Expl o5i vr 4 r l ei nenr s, such a3 i n pr i mer s aci d f t . - L- 5, ar m
, ser , si r i ve t o undue. shoe or i d hi gh f er r t per ai : ar v.
Ret ur n ammuni t i on pr epar ed f or f i r i ng but not f i r - d. t o i t sr xr i gi nal packi ng, and mar k i t appr opr i at e=4y"_ Lt se such acna?=uni t i onf i n", i n subsequent ! i r i r r gk i n s73r df t o kea=1: , sj cwkN of opened par ki ngsat mi n n1ual .
. TZi 121 1: , - 4k - . ,
23-
ear s. 11- 13Gener al
Sect i on I I I
MI LI TARY EXPLOSI VES
TM 4- 1900
' 11 .
GENERAI , ,
To under st and t he composi t i on and f unct i oni ng ofa compl et e r ound of ammuni t i on, a basi c knowl edge of t he, char act er -i st i cs end uses of mi l i t ar y expl osi ves i s necessar y.
I n or der t hat am-muni t i on may f unct i on at t i me and pl ace desi r ed, i t i s necessar y t oempl oy di f f er ent ki nds of expl osi ves . each of whi ch has a speci f i c r ol e .Expl osi ves sui t abl e f ar one pur pose may be ent i r el y unsat i sf act or yf ar anot her .
Thus, t ha expi or i ve used t o bur st a f or ged st eel pr oj ect i l ewoul d not onl y be unsui t ed Wt al so hi ghl y danger ous i f used t o pr opel t he pr oj ect i l e out of t he weapon.
Si r ni l nr l y, t he expl osi ves usedi n i ni t i at or s, such as i n pr i mer s and f uzes, ar e so sensi t i ve t o shockt hat onl y smal l quant i t i es can be used saf el y. The char act er i st i cs ofvar i ous t ypes of expl osi ves ar e gi ven i n sect i ons I V and V.
For f ur -t her i nf or mat i on, see TM4- 205 and TM9- 2900.
12.
UI La' ' I VI ' 1' I ON. Any mi xt ur e or compound whi ch, under t hei nf l uence of heat or mechani cal act i on, under goes a sudden chemi calchange ( decomposi t i on) wi t h t he l i ber at i on of heat and l i ght ener gyaccor npani od by a l ar ge vol ume of gases, i s cal l ed an expl osi ve.
13. CLASSI FI CATI ON.a.
Expl osi ves ar e cl assi f i ed as l owand hi gh expl osi ves accor di ngt o t hei r r at es of decomposi t i on when such decomposi t i on i s i ni t i at edby t he spi t of a f l ame or a mechani cal shock. Amor e exact cl assi f i ca-t i on f or mi l i t ar y pur poses di st i ngui shes bet ween nunpr opaget i ng ant isel f - pr opagat i ng expl osi ves. Ther ef or e, expl osi ves ar e di vi ded i nt ot wo basi c gr oups :
Lowexpl osi ves ( pr opel l ant s) and hi gh expl osi ves .( 1)
LowEXFu78r vp- 8,
Lowexpl osi ves ar e combust i bl e mat er i al swhi ch decompose ver y r api dl y but do not nor mal l y expl ode; t hi s , act i on i n cel l ed def l agr at i on.
I n decomposi t i on, t hey pr oduce a l ar gevol ume of gases whi ch pr oduce enough pr essur e t o pr opel a pr oj ect i l eor r ocket f or war d. The r at e of bur ni ng i s an i mpor t ant f act or enddepends upon such f act or as pr essur e, gr ai n f or m, composi t i on, et c-Lowexpl osi ves do not usual l y pr opagat e a det onat i on. Under cer t ai ncondi t i ons, however , t hey r eact i n t hesame manner as hi gh expl osi ves,t hat i s, t hey may det onat e.
( 2)
HI GH EXPLOMEs.
Hi gh expl osi ves ar e char act er i zed by t heext Yet ne r api r l i t y wi t h whi ch t he decomI wa: i t i on occur s; t hi s act i on i $cal l ed det onat i on. They t l ec+mt pose al most i nst ant aneousl y, ei t heri n a manner si mi l ar t o an ext r emel y r api d combust i on, or wi t h r upt ur aand r ear r angement of t he mol ecul es t hemsel ves .
I n ei t her case, gas-eous and/ or sol i d pr oduct s of r eact i on ar e pr oduced.
The di sr upt i veef f ect of t he r eact i on makes t he expl osi ve val uabl e as a bur st i ngchar ge but pr ecl udes i t s use as a pr opel l ant because t he gases ar e
26
TM9- 1" 0
Far s . 13- T4Gener al
f or med so qui ckl y t hat excessi ve pr essur es woul d be devel oped whi chmi ght bur st t he bar r el of t he weapon_ Adet onat i on may be pi ct ur edas r esul t i ng f r om an expl osi on wave t r uvel mg t hr ough t he hi gh- ex-pl of i i ve char ge at an ext r emel y hi gh vel oci t y ( 22, 000 t o 27, 5010 f eetper . second) .
]. - 1. . REQUI REMENTS OF AN EXPLOSI VE,a.
( ; t onal i nf l i t ar y r equi r cmcnt r ) .
Bef or e an expl osi ve can beoopt ed f or Tnaf r ar y use, i t must hav4 t he f ol l owi ng char act er i st i cs :
( 1) Chemi cal st abi l i t y over ext ended per i ods of st or age undernor mal cgi sdi t i ons,
( 2)
Abi l i t y t o wi t hst and t he , nechani cal shocl at i nci dent t o l oad.i ng, t r anspor t i ng, and handl i ng.
( 3)
Abi l i t y t o wi t hst and t he shock of set - beck on f i r i ng weapon( when used i n ar t i l l er y shel l ) . or i mpact when dr opped " saf e' ( whenused i n bombs) ,
( 4)
Suscept i bi l i t y t o compl et e i gni t i on or det onat i on under t heact i on of t he pr ecedi ng el ement of t he expl osi ve t r ai n.
( 5) Br i sance ( shat t er i ng abi l i t y) .( 6)
Ar easonabl e degr ee of economy i n manuf act ur e,h,
Si sc,Pi f i c i t si l i i ar v r egt t i r ement e.
Addi t i onal r equi r ement s, di f -f er i ng f r om t he basi c ones, must be est abl i shed t o make sur e t hat t heexpl osi ve wi l l per f or m pr oper l y i t s t he capaci t y desi r ed, I n det er -mi ni ng by t est s whet her a gi ven expl osi ve wi l l meet t he r equi r ement s,consi der at i on must be gi ven t o st abi l i t y, sensi t i vi t y, and br i sance.
( 1)
STABI LI TY. St abi l i t y r ef er s t o t he cr ap" i cy of an expl osi vet o r et ai n unal t er ed i t s chemi cal and physi cal pr oper t i es dur i ng or si ndef i ni t e per i od of st or age, under nor mal condi t i ons or at hi gher t hannor mal t emper at ur es,
( 2) SEFY9JYI VI TY.( a)
To shock or i mpact . Sensi t i vi t y t o i mpact or shock r ef er st o t he ease wi t h whi ch an expl osi ve can be det onat ed by t he suddenappl i cat i on of mechani cal f or ce.
( h)
To det onat i on by means of i ni t i at or s . Thest andar d sensi t i vi -t y t o det onat i on by i ni t i at i ng agent s ot her t han mecbeni caf i mpact i sexpr essed i n t er ms of t he amount of i ni t i at i ng expl osi ve as, f ar ex-Hmpl e, mer cur y f ul mi nat e r equi r ed t o ef f ect compl et e det onat i on ofa gi ven wei ght of expl osi ve under a gi ver s set of condi t i ons,
( 3)
BRZsANcz.
Br i ssance i s t he abi l i t y of a det onat i ng expl osi vet o Shat t er mat er i al cl ose t o i t . Thi s pr oper t y i s di f f er ent f r om t hepot ent i al heat ener gy of t he expl osi ve, somet i mes r ef er r ed t o as poweror st r es%gt h, whi ch det er mi nes t he f or ce ar t expl osi ve can exer t wheni t expl odes .
Such f or ce depends upon t he amount of gas gener at edand t he t emper at ur e r eached dur i ng an expl osi on, wher eas br i sance
27
Par . 74
7M9- 1904
FORISUPERQUI CK
ACTI ONI' : i - " FI RI NG PI NXXX PRI NTER
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Fi gur e 17- - - Expl osi ve Tr ai ns i n Ar l l t f er y Ammuni Pi on
21
TM 9- 1900
Par s . 14- 13
Gener al
15. EXPLOSI VE TRAMS,
Fi gwr e ] a - Det onat i ng Wave Ampl i f i ed by Use of 8aost er
depends on t he vel oci t y wi t h whi ch a det onat i on occur s .
Bl ack pow,der , f ar i nst ance, i s a " ' power f ul " expl osi ve because of t he l ar ge amountof gas t hat i t gener at es upon expl osi on, but i t s br i i ance i s ver y l owbecause of t he l awr at e of epl osi on,
a. Genr r nl . The ar r angement of a ser i es of expl osi ves begi n-ni ng wi t h a smal l quant i t y of sensi t i ve expl osi ve and t er mi nat i ng wi t ha r el at i vel y l ar ge quent i t y of compar at i vel y i nsensi t i ve expl osi ve, i st er med an " expl osi ve t r ai n. " I n gener al , t her e ar e t wo such t r ai ns( f i g. 17) ; t he pr opel l i ng- char ge expl osi ve t r ai n ( whi ch i g al ways al ogy- expl osi ve t r ai n) , er r d t he l t ur ot i ngXhar ge expl osi ve t r ai n ( whi chmay be ei t her a hi gh- or l ow- expl osi ve t r ai n) . I n al l expl osi ve am.muni t i on one or bot h of t hese expl osi ve t r ai ns wi l l be f ound.
l r . Pr opel l i ng- ehur ge +- - xl xl x* i vv t r ai n . The pr opel l i ng- char geexpl osi ve t r ai n i s ennpl oycd i n t he ej ect i on of t he pr oj ect i l e f r omt heweapon on i t s way t owar d i t s t ar get . Thi s t r ai n usual l y consi st s ofa pr i mer , an i gni t er or i gni t i ng char ge, and a pr opel l i ng char ge. Thus,a spi t of f i r e f r oma smal l quant i t y of sensi t i ve expl osi ve ( t he pr i mer ) ,i ni t i at ed by a bl ow f r omt he f i r i ng pi n, i s t r ansmi t t ed and i nt ensi f i er )( by t he i gni : . - ) . t o t hat ,a l ar ge amount of r el at i vel y i nsensi t i ve ex-pl osi ve ( t he pr y. _ ; di ng char ge) bur ns i n t he pr oper manner t o pr opelt he sl t i cl l f or war d.
( 1)
SAQAL1r AAMSAMMUNI TI ON.
I n smal l - ar ms car t r i dges, wher et he pr opel l i ng char ge i s r el at i vel y smal l , t he i gni t er i s not r equi r ed,The cor nponexas i n t hi s t r ai t s ar e e. per cussi on pr i mer and a pr opel l i ng
2t
aCTONATOR
e0wsr a
Par . 15 TM 4- 19M
char ge. The f i r i ng pi n expl odes t he pr i mer and t he f l ame passest hr ough t he vent l eadi ng t o t he powder chant er and i gni t es t he Pr o-pel l i ng char ge, t he expansi on of t he r esul t ant gases f or ces t he bul l etout t hr ough t he bor e of t he weapon,
( 2)
ARTI L" I RVkmmuNr r 5ON, The pr opel l i ng char ge expl osi on ofa r ound of ar t i l l er y ammuni t i on i X sl i ght l y di f f er ent f r om t he one i nsmal l - ar ms ammuni t i on. I n t hi s t r ai n, i t i s necewar y t o pl ace anauxi l i ar y char ge of bl ack powder , cal l ed t he pr i mer char ge or i gni t erchar ge, bet ween t he pr i mer and t he pr opel l i ng char ge.
The addi t i onof t he pr i mer char ge i s necessar y because t he smal l f l ame pr oducedby t he pr i mer composi t i on i s not of suf f i ci ent i nt ensi t y t o i ni t i at e pr oper l y t he l ar ge quant i t y of pr opel l ant powder .
The pr i mer or i gr Xi t et 'char ge gt ay be cont ai ned i n t he body of t he pr i mer , maki ng one as- .ser nbl y of t he per cussi on el ement of t he pr i mer and t he pr i mer char geas i n f i xed ammuni t i on, or i t may be di vi ded bet ween t he pr i mer bodyand t he i gni t er pad at t ached t o separ at e- l oadi ng pr opel l i ng char ges,
c,
Bur st i ng- char ge expl osi ve t r ar r i s .( 1) Al t hough t her e ar e t wo expl osi ve t r ai ns- t he pr opel l i ng.
char ge expl osi ve t r ai n and t he bur st i ng- char ge expl osi ve t r ai n- - t het er m " Qxpl o¢i ve t r ai n" as commonl y used i s i nt ended t o mean t hebur st i ng- char ge expl osi ve t t ai r L Bur st i ng- char ge expl osi vet r ai ns maybe cl assi f i ed as hi gh- expl osi ve t r ai ns or l ow- ,expl osi ve t r ai ns .
( 2) LOW- HXPLOSSVE TRAI N, When l ow- expl osi ge pr oj ect i l es orot her t ypes of mi ssi l e r each t he poi nt of f unct i oni ng, t he ser i es of ex-pl osi ons whi ch t akes pl ace i s known as t he l ow- expl osi ve t r ai n. I nbas" j ect i on smoke shel l , t he expl osi ve t r ai n consi st s of a per cussi onpr i mer , a t i me t r ai n of bl ack powder , a magazi ne char ge of bl ackpowder , and an expel l i ng char ge of bl ack powder . The act i on i si ni t i at ed by t he f i r i ng pi n of t he f uze st r i ki ng t he pr i mer , t he r esul t antf l ame bei ng t r at mmi t t ed t hr ough t he component s named t o t he ex-pel l i ng char ge. The expl osi on of t he expel l i ng char ge f or ces t hesmoke cani st er s out of t he base of t he pr oj ect i l e .
( 3)
Hi ol z- EXVLos1VR-r PAI N. When t he pr oj ect i l e or bomb r eachest he t ar get or t he poi nt at whi ch i t i s set t o f unct i or y t he ser i es of ex-pl osi ons whi ch t akes pl ace i l l or der t o det onat e t he pr oj ect i l e i s knownas t he hi gh- expl osi ve t r ai n. The basi c component s whi ch must bepr esent i n pr act i cal l y al l hi gh- expl osi ve t r ai ns ar e a det onat or , abooWr , and a bur st i ng char ge. Ot her el ement s ar e somet i mes r e-qui r ed, but t hese t hr ee char ges ar e f undament al .
( a)
The det onat or set s up a hi gh- expl osi ve wave when i ni t i at edby t he st ab act i on of a f i r i ng pi n or by a f l ame. Thi s det onat i on i s sosmal l and weak t hat i t wi l l not i ni t i at e a hi gh- or der det onat i on i n t hebur st i ng char ge, unl ess s boost er i s pl aced bet ween t he t wo. Theboost er pi cks up t he smal l expl osi ve wave f r om t he det onat or and
30
TM 9- 1900
Par %, 1 3- 16
Gener al
ar npl i f i es i t t o such an ext ent t hat t he bur st i ng char ge i s i ni t i at ed wi t ha hi gh- under det onat i on ( f i g. 18) _
( b)
To gai n t he act i on necessar y t o cont r ol t he t i me and pl ace atwhi ch an expl osi ve wi l l f unct i on, i t i s necessar y t o i ncor por at e ot hercomponent s i n t he hi gh- expl osi ve t r ai n. The act i on desi r ed may bea bur st i n t he ai r , a bur st i nst ant l y upon i mpact wi t h t he t ar get , or abur st shor t l y af t er t he pr oj ect i l e has penet r at ed t he t ar get . The com-ponent s whi ch may be used t o gi ve t hese var i ous act i ons ar e a pr i mer ,a bl ack- powder del ay pel l et or t r ai n, an upper det onat or , or any combi nat i on of t hese component s,
Regar dl ess of t he ar r angement of t hecomponent s, t he bask Chai n wi l l r emai n t he same, ot her component sbei ng pl aced i n f r ont of t he basi c chai n.
( c)
The act i on whi ch causes a pr oj ect i l e t o bur st i n t he ai r maybe obt ai ned by pl aci ng a pr i mer , whi ch i s f i r ed when t he pr oj ect i l el eaves t he weapon or when t he bomb i s dr opped, and a bl ack- powdert i me t r ai n i n f r ont of t he basi c chai n.
Tha pr i mer i gni t es t he t i me-t r ai n r i ngs, whi ch bur n f or t he l engt h of t i me f or whi ch t he f uze i smet and, i n t ur n, i ni t i at e t he act i on of t he det onat or , boost er , andbur st i ng char ge.
( d)
To bunt t he pr oj ect i l e pr ompt l y upon i mpact wi t h t he t ar get ,a supezqui ck or i nst ant aneOUS Act i on i s necessar y. Thi s act i on i susual l y obt ai ned by pl aci ng an upper det onat or i n t he ext r eme f r ontof t he f uze and a l ower det onat or i n t he body near t he boast er char ge,I n t hi s manner , t he det onat i ng wave i s t r ansmi t t ed i nst ant l y t o t hebur st i ng char ge.
( e)
To per mi t penet r at i on of t he t ar get by t he pr oj ect i l e, a del ayact i on i s necessar y.
Thi s i s obt ai ned by pl aci ng a pr i mer and del ayel ement ahead of t he det onat or . I n some cases t hi s combi nat i on ofpr i mer and del ay i s i nser t ed bet ween an upper and l ower det onat or .
( f ) Avar i at i on of t he hi gh- expl osi ve t r ai n i s f ound i n chemi calshel l , I n t hi s t r ai n t her e i s no l ar ge bur st i ng char ge such as i s f oundi n hi gh- expl osi ve pr oj ect i l es, es i t i s onl y necessar y t o r upt ur e t heshel l case and ei l ow t he chemi cal cont ent s t o escape. The act ualbur st i ng of t he case i s accompl i shed by an enl ar ged boast er , knownas o bur st et char ge, cont ai ned i n a t ube r unni ng dawn t he cent er oft he shel l .
Sect i on I Y
PROPELLANTS
16.
GENERAL,
Al l expl osi ves cur r ent l y used as pr opel l ant s havea ni t r ocel l ul ose base and ar e commonl y known as smokel ess powder s.Var i ous or gani c and i nor gani c subst ances ar e added t o t he vi t r o-cel l ul ose base dur i ng manuf act ur e t o gi ve i mpr oved qual i t i es f or spe-ci al pur poses . These powder s ar e di st i ngui shed by such t er ms as
Par . 16
TM9- 1940
Gener al
MULI I PERFORATED
f i gur e i v - Types of Powder Or Qi ns
32
RA PD 80877A
TM 9- 1900
Par s . 16- 17
doubl e- base, f l eshl ess, end smokel ess, as wel l as by commer ci al t r adenames or symbol s . Bl ack powder , whi ch was For mer l y cl awed as apr opel l ant , i s no l onger used as such but i s now used as a del ayel ement , AS an i gni t i ng char ge f or pr opel l ant s . i n f l ash r educer s, or f orot her speci al pur poses .
17 . Xaf TQi ( I ; LF POWDER.a.
Char act er i at i en.
Smokel ess l xj wder i s essent i al l y gel at i ni zedni t r ocel l ul ose and i s manuf act ur ed i n t he f or mof f l akes, st r i px, pul l et s.or per f or at ed cyl i ndr i cal gr ai ns ( f i g . 19) .
Powder i s made i n di f f er entscr apes t o obt ai n cer t ai n t ypes of bur ni ng ( par . 17 c) .
The cyl i ndr i calgr ai ns ar e made i n var i ous di amet er s and l engt hs, Gr ai ns var y i t sdi amet er f r om 0. 032 i nCh f or cal i ber 30 car t r i dges t o 0. 947 i nch f or16- i nch pr opel l i ng char ges, and var y i n cor r espondi ng l engt hs f r om0_085 i nch t o 2. 170 i nches ( f i g . 20) .
For smal l - si ze gr ai ns ei t her noper f or at i on or a si ngl e per f or at i on i s r equi r ed .
However , f or l ar gergr ai ns, seven equal l y spaced per f or at i ons ar e pr esent i n or der t o havet 3 l ar ge bur ni ng sur f ace ar ea ( par . 17 e) . The cr i t i cal di mensi on i 4t he web si ze, t hat i s, t he aver age t hi ckness of t he powder bet ween t heper f or at i ons . I n col or , t he gr ahi s var y f r om a l i ght owber t o a deepbr own or bl ack .
11.
Sol vent .
Smokel ess powder i s manuf act ur ed t o cont ai n i n t hef i ni shed gr ai ns a def i ni t e amount of sol vent ( an et her and al coholmi xt ur e) . Thi s amount var i es f r om 0. 5 t o 5 per cent .
I f t her e i s emar ked change i n t he amount of sol vent , a change i n bal l i st i c pr oper -t i es wi l l r esul t .
Powder must be car ef ul l y pr ot ect ed agai nst hi gh t vm-per at ur ps and moi st ur e. To guar d agai nst changes di ce t o such con-di t i ons, unnokel ess powder i s al wt 4ys pHCked i n ai r t i ght cont ai ner s,Some r ocket pr opel l ent powder may not cont ai n any sol vent .
e.
19ur ni ug act i on .
.( 1)
GENEEW. ,
Unconf i ned smokel ess powder bur ns wi t h l i t t l eash or smoke but , when conf i ned, i t s r at e of bur ni ng i ncr eases wi t ht emper at ur e and pr essur e. I n or der not t o exceed t he per mi ssi bl echamber pr essur e of t he weapon i n whi ch i t i s t o be used, t he r at e ofbur ni ng of t he pr opel l ant has t o be cont r ol l ed.
At const ant pr essur e,t he r at e of bur ni ng i s pr opor t i onal t o t he powder sur f ace f r ee t o bur r o,Ther ef or e, powder i s made i nt o accur at e si zes Hod def i ni t e shapes .Fi gur e 21 i l l ust r at es t he " pr ogr essi ve" bur ni ng of a powder gr ai n.
( 2)
DEOREssi vE BURNI NG,
As t he sur f ace of t he cor d and st r i pt owns of smokel ess powder change wi t h bur ni ng, t he sur f ace of t hegr ai n decr eases . The bur ni ng act i on of t hese gr ai ns i s, t her ef or e,cl assi f i ed as " degr essi ve. "
( 3)
NEUTI ¬At r BURNI NG.
As a si ngl e- per f or at ed gr ai n bur ns, t heout er sur f ace decr UAWS and t he i nner wf ace i ncr eases .
The r esul t of23
' ,T- r :. ap; _ _ . R: P: I Or L- . ' 7r - yK: . ?aS. .: N: .
..v_ . e_. . R . ev_wJ4t 7NXXX. , . . , 4aua r X
TM 9- 19+00
Par &. 17- 18
Gener al
A- UNBURNED GRAI N B. ! BI l t NI NG GRAI N
f i gur e 21 - Pr ogr essi ve Sur ei ng of Powder Gr ai nsMA PD 4219A
t he t wo act i ons i s t hat t he t ot al sur f ace r emai ns appr oxi mat el y t hesame i n ar ea.
The bur ni ng of t hi s t ype of gr ai n i s known as " neut r al : '( ¢) PROCRssseva avRNt xs, When t he mul t i per f or at ed gr ai n
bur ns, t he t ot e! sur f ace ar ea i ncr eases si nce t he per f or at ed gr ai n bur nt ,f r omt he i nsi de and out si de at t he same t i me. Thi s t ype of bur ni ng i scal l ed " pr ogr essi ve" ( f i g . 21 ) .
( 5)
SmvoRsi . When a mul t i per f or at ed gr ai n i s not compl et el yconsumed, por t i ons of t he gr ai n r emai n i n t he f or m of sl i ver s ( B, f i g,21) and ar e nor mal l y ej ect ed as such f r omt he weapon.
cl . Use. Ni t r ocel l ul ose smokel ess pr opel l ant s ar e used as t hepr opel l ant f or smal l - ar ms and l ar ger - cal i ber ammuni t i on. The per -f or at ed f or mof gr ai n i s t he one most commonl y l ur ed i n Uni t ed St at esa2i l i t ar y powder s,
Si ngl e per f or at ed gr ai ns ar e used f or smal l - ar ms,mi nor - cal i ber weapons, and cer t ai n howi t zer s.
Powder s wi t h sevenper f or at i ons ar e used f or l ar ger - cal i ber weapons.
1$. DOUBLE- SASE PQW1; 1ER ( BALLI ST1TG) . Bal l i st i t e i s acombi nat i on of ni t r ogl ycer i n and ni t r ocel l ul ose, cont ai ni ng appr ox-i mat el y 13. 15 t o 13. 25 per cent ni t r ogen obt ai ned by mi xi ng pyr opowder ( 12. 6 per cent ni t r ogen) wi t h guncot t on ( 13. 35 t o 13. 4 per centni t r ogen) , The ni t r ogl ycer i n ser ves t o i ncr ease t he pot ent i al . Smal lper cent ages of i nor gani c sal t s ar e of t en added t o r educe t he f l ash andi ncr ease t he ease of i gni t i on.
Bal l i st i t e i s used i n shot gun shel l s, f i el dmor t ar i ncr ement s, and r acket mot or s. Doubl e- base powder s causemor e er osi on i n t he weapon bar r el but ar e bei ng used i ncr easi ngl ybecause of t he hi gher muzzl e vel oci t i es obt ai nabl e by t hei r use.
35
Ppm. 19- 22Gener al
19. STANDARD SMOKELESS ANDFLASFI LFSS POWDERS-These powder s . whi ch wer e f or mer l y desi gnat ed as FN14
( f l ashI usz- nonhygr oscopi c) and NH ( nonhygr oscopi c) , ar e a mi xt ur eof ni t r ocel l ul ose and ot her mat er i al s added t o cool t he pr oduct s ofcombust i on, t her eby r educi ng t he f l ash and t he hygr oscopi ci t y, t hat i s,t he t endency t o abeor b moi st ur e.
They ar e used as pr opel l ant s f ormost weapons of 37- r uns send l ar ger cal i ber .
Ni t r ogl ycer i n i s used i ncer t ai n powder s wher e especi al l y r api d bur ni ng i s r equi r ed and i ncer t ai n hi gh- vel oci t y r ounds and weapons.
h.
Rounds of cer t ai n cal i ber , such as 3- i t t ch, 7b- r nr n, and 90- mm,ar e desi gnat ed as " f l ashl ess, " " smokel ess, " or Fl ashl ess- smokel ess, de-pendent upon f l ash and smoke char act er i st i cs upon f i r i ng,
c.
Whet her ammuni t i on upon kt i r i ng i s f l ashl ess, smokel ess, or bat h,depends upon t he weapons i n whi ch used, t he t ype of i gni t i on used,weapon wear , t he t emper at ur e of t he t ube of t he weapon, and t hequant i t y and desi gn of t he pr opel l ent powder .
Fl ashl ess and smoke-l ess ar e r el at i ve t er ms HTI CI have
et i t def i ned as f ol l ows :
f l aehl essammuni t i on does not f l ash mor e t han 5 per cent of t he t i me i n weaponsof aver age l i f e under st andar d condi t i ons ; smokel ess ammuni t i on pr o.duces l ess t han hal f t he amount of smoke pr oduced by ammuni t i onnot so desi gnat ed. Acompl et e r ound havi ng bot h t hese char act er st i csi s desi gnat ed " f 1ash1css- smokel ess: '
211.
CUNC07TUN.
Guncot t on, a ni t r ocel l ul ose of ' hi gh ni t r at i on{ 13. 35 t o 13. 4 per cent ni t r ogen) i s used i n t he manuf act ur e of pr opel l ant s.
I t i s al so used i n el ect r i c pr i mer s and i n el ect r i cal l y i ni t i at eddest r uct or s,
21 . EC S3I UKELESS POWDER. EC smokel ess powder , or ECbl ank f i r e, consi st s of ni t r ocel l ul ose wi t h i nor gani c ni t r at es . i t i susual l y or ange or pi nk i n col or and r esembl es coar se sand, t hough i ti s sof t and l i ght I t i s sensi t i ve t o f r i ct i on, shock, or heat . I t absor bsmoi st ur e r eadi l y end t her ef or e must be pr ot ect ed f r omt he at mospher e.I t bur ns ext r emel y r api dl y i n t he open, but expl odes i f conf i ned.
I ti e usual l y expl oded by f l ame f r oma pr i mer or f uze.
I t was used atone t i me as a bur st i ng char ge i n f r agment at i on hand gr enades.
I t i sused i n cal i ber . 30 and cal i ber . 50 bl ank car t r i dges, i n shot gun shel l s,and i n cal i ber , 22 ammuni t i on.
22.
SMALr , ARMSPROPELLANTS. Smokel ess powder f or smal lar ms i s usual l y gl azed wi t h gr aphi t e t o f aci l i t at e machi ne l oadi ng andt o pr event t he accumul at i on of l ar ge char ges of st at i c el ect r i ci t y, andt hus pr esent s a bl ack, pol i sl +ed appear ance.
Si nce t he powder gr ai nsar e smal l , t hey i gni t e mor e r eadi l y and bur n mar e f r eel y t han cannonpowder , and when moi st ur e i s pr esent or abnor mal t emper at ur es pr e"vai l , t hey ar e subj ect t o mor e r api d det er i or at i on t han t he l ar gergr ai ns,
Many smal l - ar ms powder s ar e near l y as sensi t i ve t o f r i ct i on46
TM 9- 1900
I M9- 1900
Par s . 22- 94
Gener al
as bl ack powder .
' Wher ef or e, pr ecaut i ons used i n handl i ng bl ack pow-der shoul d be obser ved f or smal l - ar ms powder s. I n gener al , t her e ar et wo t ypes of smal l - ar ms pr opel l ant s, si ngl e- base and doubl e base.
Ar ecent t ype of smal l - ar ms powder i s i n t he f or m of smal l spher i calgr aphi t e- Boat ed bal l s and i s used i n car bi ne and cal i ber AS ammuni -t i on,
23. BLACK POWDER.$,
Gener al ehar aet er i et i ee. Bl ack powder i s an i nt i mat e mechan-i cal mi xt ur e of f i nel y pul ver i zed pot assi umni t r at e or sodi umni t r at e,char coal . and sul f ur .
The Commer ci al bl ast i ng powder wi t h sodi umni t r at e i s nowused f or snl ut i ng pur poses . Pot assi umni t r at e i s Usedi n t he powder s f or al l ot her mi l i t ar y pur poses. Bl ack powder i susual l y i n t he f or m of smel l , bl ack gr ai ns whi ch ar e pol i shed bygl azi ng wi t h gr aphi t e.
I t i s subj ect t o r api d det er i or at i on on absor p-t i on of moi st ur e, but i f kept dr y i t r et ai ns i t s expl osi ve pr oper t i es i n-def i ni t el y.
I t i s one of t he most danger ous expl osi ves t o handl e be-cause i t i s ver y easi l y i gni t ed by heat , f r i ct i on, or spar k.
h.
Uses. I n i t s sever al gr ades, i t s pr esent mi l i t ar y use i s pr ac-t i cal l y conf i ned t o:
( 1)
I gni t i on and pr i mer char ges.( 2)
Expel l i ng char ges f or bas" j ect i on smoke shel l , i l l umi nat i ngshel l , and pyr ot echni cs .
( 3)
Del ay pel l et s f or pr i mer s and f uzes,( 4)
Bl ank ammuni t i on char ges.( 5)
Smoke- puf f and Spot t i ng char ges,( b) Bur st i ng char ges f or pr act i ce bombs and shel l , and sub-
cal i ber shel l ,( 7)
Ti me- t r ai n r i ngs i n t i me and Combi nat i on f uzes.r .
Pr ecaut i ons. Sl ack powder i s par t i cul ar l y sensi t i ve t o shock.Fr i ct i on, heat , f l ame, or spar k,
When bl ack powder i s handl ed i n consor bags or when i t i s not absol ut el y pr ot ect ed agai nst spar ks, t he pr e-caut i ons descr i bed i n sect i on r of chapt er 3 wi l l be st r i ct l y obser ved.
24. GENERAL.
Sl Ct i on V
HI GH EXPLOSI VES
a.
Hi gh expl osi ves ar e usual l y ni t r at i on pr oduct s of or gani c sub-st ances, such as t ol uene, phenol , pent aer yt hr i t ol , ami nes, gl ycer i n, andst ar ch, but may be ni t r ogen- cont ai ni ng i nvr pni c subst ances or mi xt ur es of bot h.
Ot her mat er i al s, such as powder ed al umi num, pl ast i -
Pur l . 24- 27
TM 9- 1900f: omer al
ci zhi g oi l s, waxes, r ubber , em, may al so be added t o expl osi ves t oobt ai n desi r ed char act er i st i cs .
b.
Ahi gh expl osi ve may be a pur e compound or an i nt i mat e mi x-t ur e of sever al i ngr edi ent s. To avoi d onnf usi on i n t he wr i t i ng off or mul as of mi xt ur es, t he f ol l owi ng ol der of l i st i ng of Component s,t oget her wi t h t hei r pr opor t i ons, has been deci ded upon. i nor gani cni t r at es/ expl osi ves ot her t han TNT/ TNT/ met al s: ' i ner t mat er i al s.Wi t hi n any of t he pr ecedi ng gr oups, t he component s ar e l i st ed al pha-bet i cal l y shoul d t her e be mor e t han one of t hat par t i cul ar cl assi f i ca-t i on,
25. PRI MER MI XTURES.a,
Gener al .
Apr i mer mi xt ur e i s an expl osi ve sensi t i ve t o a bl owsuch as t hat i mpar t ed by a f i r i ng pi n.
I t i s used t o t r ansmi t shookor a f l ame t o anot her exposi ve, a t i me el ement , or a det onat or .
h,
Composi t i on .
I n a l ar ge number of mi xt ur es, t he pr i mer mi x"Lur e consi st s of mer cur y f ul mi nat e, pot assi umchl or at e, and ant i monysul f i de, wi t h or wi t hout gr oUnd gl ass and/ or a bi nder . However , t hecher ni cal s and mat er i al s used may be al t er ed, dependent upon t het ype of act i on desi r ed. Pr i mar i l y, however , a pr i mer mi xt ur e Consi st sof an i ni t i at i ng hi gh expl osi ve, ar e oxygen car r i er , and a combust i bl esubst ance.
e.
Uses .
Pr i mer mi xt ur es ar e used i n t he per cussi on el ement s ofcannon pr i mer s, i n f uzes. and i s ur nal l - ar ms pr i mer s, and as t he upperl ayer of a det onat or assembl y .
26. MERCURY FULMI NATE.a. Char act er i st i cs. Mer cur y f ul mi nat e i s a heavy cr yst al l i ne
sol i d, whi t e when pur e, but or di nar i l y havi ng a f ai nt br owni sh- yel l owor gr ayi sh t i nt . I t i s ext r emel y sensi t i ve t o heat , f r i ct i on, spar k, f l ame.or shack, det onat i ng compl et el y i n near l y ever y i nst ance. I t s sensit i vi t y var i es wi t h t emper at ur e.
I t has been f ound t hat i t s sensi t i vi t yi s _dependent i n par t on cr yst al si ze.
I t i s nonhygr oecopi c and maybe saf el y st or ed f or l ong per i ods of t i me at moder at e t emper at ur es.However , i t wi l l not st and l ong- t er mst or age at el evat ed t emper at ur es .
6.
l e.
For al l pr act i cal pur poses, mer cur y f ul mi nat e has beenr epl aced by l ead azi de.
I t s use i s l i mi t ed t o smal l quant i t i es i n n f ewpr i mer s, i n f uze det onat or s, and i n bl ast i ng caps.
I t may be usedal ons or mi xed wi t h pot assi um chl or at e.
27,
LEAD ALI DE. Lead azi de i s an i ni t i at i ng compound used t odet onat e hi gh expl osi ves. I t i s a f i ne- gr ai ned, cr eam- Col or ed com-pound. I t i s sensi t i ve t o f l ame and i mpact but i t i s n* t cer t ai n t odet onat e by t he f i ct i on of a f i r i ng pi n.
I t i s not easi l y decomposed onl ong cont i nued st or age at moder at el y el evat ed t emper at ur es. Ft f l ashos
34
TM9- 1900
pat s. 27- 29Gener al
at a mach hi gher t emper at ur e t han mer cur y f ul mi nt n. A smal l erwei ght of l oad asi de t han of mer cur y f ul mi nat e i s r equi r ed [ o el vi r i nat ean equal amount of TNT, t et r yl , et c. Lead azi de i s r epl aci ng mer cur yf ul mi nat e because of i t s pr oper t i es and because i t st ands up bet t er i nst or age and i s l ess hazar dous t o manuf act ur e, I t i s f ound i n pr i mermi xt ur es and i n det onat or assembl i es i n f uzes,
28. TETRYL.a, ChHr ur t r r i mi r s . Tet r yl ( t r i ni t r opl i enyl met hyl ni t r ami ne) i s a
yel l ow cr yst al l i ne sol i d. When heat ed i t f i r st mel t s and t hen de-composes and expl odes . I t bur ns r eadi l y and i s mor e easi l y det onat edt han TNTor ammoni um pi r r at c, bei ng much mor e sensi t i ve t hanpi cr i c aci d.
I t i s det onat ed by f r i ct i on, Ehock, or spar k
I t i s pr ac-t i cal l y nonhygr oscopi c . Tet r yl i s st abl e t i t al l t emper at ur es whi chmay be encount er ed i n st or age.
b.
Det onat i on .
Mr i sence t est s show t et r yl t o have a ver y hi ghshat t er i ng power .
i t i s gr eat er i n br i sance t han pi cr i c aci d or TNTanci i s exceeded onl y by PETN Hncl some of t he newer mi l i t ar y ex-pl osi ves, such as RDX,
e, Use.( 1)
CHARGES. Tet r yl i s t he st andar d boost er expl osi ve and i s suf -f i ci ent l y i nsensi t i ve when compr essed t o be used saf el y as a boost erexpl osi ve. - The vi ol ence of i t s det onat i on i nsur es a hi gh- or der det onat i on of t he bur st i ng char ge.
I t i s used i n t he f or mof pr essed pel l et s.Tet r yl i s t he st andar d bur st i ng Char ge f or smal l - cal i ber ( 2f } - mmand37- mm) pr oj ect i l es .
I t pr oduces Pppr eci abl y bet t er f r agment at i on oft hese shel l s t hen TNT.
I t i s al so mor e r eadi l y det onat ed and yet i nsmal l - cal i ber shel l wi t hst ands t he f or ce of set back i n t he weapon. I ti s al so a component of t et r yt ol .
( 2)
DETONATOR. Tet r yl i s used i n det onat or s, t he t et r yl bei ngpr essed i nt o t he bot t om of t he det onat or shel l and t hen cover ed wi t ha smal l pr i mi ng char ge of mer cur y f ul mi nat e, l ead azi de, or ot heri ni t i at or ,
29. TWT ( TRI I 111MOTOLUENE) .H,
Gener al . Tr i ni t r ot ol uene, commonl y known as TNT, i s a con-st i t uent of many expl osi ves, such as amat ol , pent ol i t e, t et r yt ol , t or pex,t r i t onal , pi cr at ol , cycl at or , ednat ol , and Composi t i on H, and has beenused by i t sel f under such names as t r i t on, t r ot yl , t r i l i t e, t r i nol , andt r i t ol o.
} t .
( ai sar aet t Aat i es, .
TNT when pr oper l y pur i f i ed i s one of t hemost st abl e of hi gh expi cai ves and can be st or ed over l ong per i ods oft i me. I t i s r el at i vel y i nsensi t i ve t o bl ows or f r i ct i on . Conf i ned TNT,when det onat ed, expl odes wi t h vi ol ence. When i gni t ed by a f l ame,unconf i ned TNT bur ns sl owl y wi t hout expl osi on evol vi ng a heavy
Par s . 29- 30
TN! 9- 1904
Gener al
oi l y smoke; however , bur ni ng or r api d heat i ng of l ar ge quant i t i es, es-peci al l y i n cl osed vessel s, may cause vi ol ent det onat i on. I t i s r eadi l ydet onat ed by mer cur y f ul mi nat e, t et r yl , and si mi l ar hi gh expl osi ves.I t i s nonhygr oseopi c and does not f ar m sensi t i ve compounds wi t hmet al s, but i s r eadi l y act ed upon by al kal i es t o f or munst abl e compounds whi ch ar e ver y sensi t i ve t o heat and i npact .
I t usual l y r e-sembl i es a l i ght br own sugar but when pur e i s Cr yst al l i ne and i s near l ywhi t e.
Easi l y mel t ed and pour ed i nt o a shel l or bomb t o f or ma sol i dcr yst al l i ne expl osi ve char ge, TNTi s a ver y sat i sf act or y mi l i t ar y ex-pl osi ve. The mel t i ng poi nt of st andar d Gr ade 1 TNT i s 80. 2° C.Ammuni t i on l oaded wi t h TNT can be st or ed, handl ed, and shi ppedwi t h compar at i ve saf et y.
e.
Exudat i on.
When st or ed i n war mcl i mat es or du* i ng war msummer mont hs, some ammuni t i on l auded wi t h TNT may exude anoi l y br own l i qui d.
Thi s exudat e oozes out ar ound t he t hr eads at t henose of t he shel l and may f or ma pool on t he f l oor .
The exudat e i si nf l ammabl e and may car r y smal l par t i cl es of TNT. Pool s of exudat eshoul d be r emoved as pr escr i bed i n par agr aph 197,
t l ,
17r t ouat i on.
TNTi n cr yst al l i ne f or ms canbedet onat ed r eadi l yby a No. t i bl ast i ng cap or when hi ghl y compr ess by a No. 8 bl asti ng t ap.
Whencast , i t i s " cessar y t o use a boost er char ge of pr essedt et r yl ar an expl osi ve of si mi l ar br i sance t o i nsur e compl et e det ona-t i on.
e. U' *e.( 1)
BURMKGCHARGE. TNT i s used as a bur st i ng char ge f orhi gh- expl osi ve shel l and bombs ei t her al one or mi xed wi t h ammo-ni xl r n ni t r at e t o f or m50/ 50 or 80/ 20 amat ol . Fl ake TNTi s used i n37- mm shel l and i n f r agment at i on hand gr enades . Ot her mi l i t ar yuses of TNT ar e i n mi nes and f or par t s of cer t ai n shel l and bombbur st er s .
( 2)
DEMOLI TI ON. TNT i s used t o demol i sh br i dges, r ai l r oads,f or t i f i cat i ons, and ot her st r uct ur es and f or l and mi nes.
Far such pur -poses TNTi s used i n t he f or m of a l ar ge shaped char ge or a smal lhi ghl y compr essed bl uck i ncl osed i n a f i ber cont ai ner whi ch pr ot ect si t f r om cr umbl i ng i n handl i ng end r ender s i t wat er pr oof ,
The t r i t onbl ocks used by t he Cor ps of Engi neer s ar c bl ocks of pr essed TNTi ncl osed i n car dboar d cont ai ner s.
( 3)
BLASTI M. TNTi s sui t abl e f or Hl l t ypef i of bl ast i ng and pr o.duces appr oxi mat el y t he same ef f ect as t he same wei ght of dynami t eof SO t o 60 per cent gr ade.
30. ANI ATOL.a. Gener al ehar ar t er i adcw. Ani at ol , a mecbanka1 mi xt ur e of
ammoni um ni t r at e and TNT, has appr oxi mat el y t he same gener alchar act er i st i cs as TNT. I t i s cr yst al l i ne, yel l ow or br owni sh, and i n-
4o
TM9- 1904
Par s . 30- 32Gener al
sensi t i ve t o f r i ct i on, but i t may be det onat ed by sever e i mpact .
I t i sl ess sensi t i ve t o det onat i on t han TNT but i s r eadi l y det onat ed bymer cur y f ui r vi nat c and ot her hi gh expl osi ves. I t i s l ess l i kel y t o exudet han TI NT, I t i s hygr oscopi c and i n t he pr esence of moi st ur e at -t acks copper , br ass, and br onze, f or mi ng danger ousl y sensi t i ve com-pounds . Amat ol , 50/ 54, has appr oxi mat el y t he same r at e of det on-at i on and br i sbance as TNT, whi l e 80/ 10 amat ol i s sl i ght l y l ower i nvel oci t y and br i sance t han TNT.
Amat ol , 80/ 20, pr oduces a whi t esmoke on det onat i on, and amat ol , 50150, pr oduces a smoke Less bl ackt han st r ai ght TNT.
h.
Composi t i on and f or m.
Amat ol , 50/ $0, consi st s of 50 per -cent ammoni umni t r at e and 50 per cont TNTby wei ght When hot ,i t i s suf f i ci ent l y f l ui d t o be pour ed or Cask l i ke TNT.
Amat ol , 80%20,consi st s of 80 per cent ammoni umni t r at e and 20 per cent TNT.
I tr esembl es wet br own augHr . Whenhot , i t becomes pl ast i c and i n t hatst at e i s pr essed i nt o shel l s and bombs.
e,
Um- .
Amat ol i t s a subst i t ut e f or TNT.
Amat ol , 54154, i s usedf or 3- i nch and l ar ger shel l , and go..120 amat ol i s used f or shel l of t 55-r nmand l ar ger . Amat ol i s al so used i n l ar ge bombs. I t s pr i mar yuse, however , i s f or bangal or e t or pedoes.
31. PI CRI C ACI D ( Tt I I NI TH( 1PMENOL) .a.
Cener al .
Pi cr i c aci d, under t he name of mel i ni t e, was adopt edas a mi l i t ar y hi gh expl osi ve by t he Fr ench i t i 1886 and has been usedmor e ext ensi vel y as a mi l i t ar y expl osi ve by f or ei gn nat i ons t hen byt hi s count r y. The Br i t i sh desi gnat e i t as l yddi t e,
h.
Char act er i st i cs.
Pi cr i c aci d i s a l emon- yel l owct yst al l i ne sol i d.I t i s ent i r el y st abl e but r eact s wi t h met al s when moi st , f or mi ng ex-t r e+nel y sensi t i ve compounds. Pi ai c aci d i s mor e r eadi l y det onat edby means of a det onat or t han TNTbut has about t he same sensi t i Vi t yt o shock. I t i s not as t oxi c as TI NT and i s al so nonhygr oacopi o al .t hough sl i ght l y sol ubl e i n wat er .
Pi cr i c aci d has a hi gh mel t i ng poi ntappr oxi mat el y 124" C.
c.
l hw,
Pi ot i c aci d i s chi ef l y used f or conver si on t o ammoni umpi cr at o ( expl osi ve D) and t o f ar m mi xt ur es wi t h ot her ni t no com-pounds .
32, AMMONI UM Mt ; RATT ( EXPLOSI VE D) .a.
Char act er i st i cs. Ammoni umpi cr at e i s t he l east sensi t i ve ofmi l i t ar y expl osi ves t o shock and f r i ct i on. Thi x mekes i t wel l sui t ed f oruse as a bur st i ng char ge i n ar mor - pi er ci ng pr oj ect i l es.
I t i s sl i ght l yi nf er i or i n expl osi ve si r nngt h t o TNT. When heat ed, i t does not mel tbut dr cumpmes and ej cpl odes,
I t r eact s sl owl y wi t h met al s, and whenwet i t may f or msensi t i ve and danger ous compoundswi t h i r on, copper ,and l ead.
I t i s di f f i cul t t o det onat e but bur ns r eadi l y l i ke t ar or r esi n.776L21 n . 49 - 2
41
gar s; 22- 36
TM 9- 1900
Gener al
1b .
Speci al pr eeaul i on&( 1)
Ammoni umpi cr at e, whi chhas been pr essed at a shel l - l oadi ngpl ant and r emoved f r oma shel l , i s ver y much mor e sensi t i ve t o shockor bl owt han f r esh ammoni umpi cr at e. I t shoul d be pr ot ect ed agai nstshock or f i l e and shoul d pr ef er abl y be st or ed al one i n a bui l di ng
( 2) Al t hough l ess sensi t i ve t han TNT, i t can be expl oded bysever e shock or f r i ct i on, i s hi ghl y i nf l ammabl e, and may det onat ewhen heat ed t o a hi gh t emper at ur e.
e. Ji m. Expl osi ve 1: i s used as a bur st i ng char ge f or annor -pi er ci ng shel l , i n pr oj ect i l es f or seacoast cannon, and i n ot her t ypes ofpr oj ect i l es whi ch must wi t hst and sever e shock and st r esses bef or edet onat i ng.
33- PI CHATOLa.
(; ener al .
Pi cr at ol i s a mi xt ur e of 52 per cent expl osi ve Dand48per cent TNT. I t canbe pour ed l i ke st r ai ght TNTandhas appr ox-i mat el y t he same r esi st ance t o shock as t hat of st r ai ght expl osi ve D,The br i sance of pi cr at ol i s bet ween t hat of ex1posi ve Dand TNT.Pi cr at ol i s nonhygr oscopi c .
-b. Lose. Pi cr at ol i s a st andar d f i l l er f or al l Ar my ser ni - ar mor -
pi er ci ng bombs.
3+h WI ROSTARUI EXPI A) SI VES.a.
(: har ael er l f i es .
Ni t r ost ar ch i s a whi t e f i nel y di vi ded mat er i alsi mi l ar i n appear ance t o or di nar y powder ed st ar ch. I t i t consi der abl ymor e sensi t i ve t o f r i ct i on and i mpact t han TNT, consequent l y t hecr ushi ng or br eaki ng of t he expl osi ve i s hazar dous. Ni t r ost ar ch i s l esssensi t i ve t han dr y guncot t on or ni t r ogl ycer i n. I t i s hi ghl y i nf l am-mabl e, can be i gni t ed by t he sl i ght est %par k such as may r esul t f r omf r i ct i on, and bur ns wi t h expl osi ve vi ol ence.
h.
Det enat i on. Ni t r ost ar ch expl osi ves ar e r eadi l y det onat ed bya Na $ bl ast i ng cap,
r .
Eme. Aui t r ost ar ch demol i t i on expl osi ve, consi st i ng of 1/ s- poundor 1- pound ( f our t r i pound) bl ocks, has been adopt ed as a subst i t ut ef or TNT. TNT f or mul as f or comput i ng smal l char ges ar e di r ect l yappl i cabl e t o t he ai t r ost ar ch demol i t i on expl osi ve. These bl ocksmust not be br oken i nt o f r agment s, as t hi s may cause det onat i on.
. 35. PETN ( PENTAERYTHRI TE TETRANI THATE) .a.
Char act er i st i cs.
PETNhas a vel oci t y of det onat i on gr eat ert han t hat of TNTand i s mor e sensi t i ve t o shock or f r i ct i on t han TNTor t et r yl . I n i t s pur e f or m, PETN i s a whi t e cr yst al l i ne powder ;however , i t may be a l i ght gr ay due t o ot her i ngr edi ent s .
I t wi l l de-t onat e under a l ong, sl ow pr essur e. PETN i n bul k must be st or edwet ,
42
TM 9- 1400
Pan. 35- 39Oener sl
h.
Uses . PETNi s suspended i n TNTt o f or mpent ol i t e, an expl o.si ve of hi gh br i sance.
I t i s al so used as t he expl osi ve cor e of pr i ma-cor d f uze- - a det onat i ng cor d whi ch i s wi del y used i n demol i t i on wor k,
36.
PENTQLI TE. Pent ol i t e consi st s of PETNi t s a TNTmat r i x. I ti s super i or t o TNTi n expl osi ve st r engt h and i s l ess sensi t i ve t hanPETN,
Pent ol i t e 50150 may be mel t - l oaded.
I t i s, t her ef or e, sat i s-f act or y f or use i n gr enades, r ocket s, hi gh- expl osi ve- ant i t ank shel l , andi n shaped char ges.
a?. TETRYTOLa.
Char acwr i sl i r o . Tet r yt ol i s a mi xt ur e of 75 per cent t et r yl and25 per cent TNT. I t has hi gher br i sance t han TNT and i s mar eef f ect i ve i n cut t i ng t hr ough st eel and i n demol i t i on wor k.
I t i s l esssensi t i ve t o shock and f r i ct i on t han t et r yl and onl y sl i ght l y mor e sen-si t i ve t han TNT. Tet r yt ol i s nonhyggr osscopi c and i s sui t abl e f or un-der wat er demol i t i on si nce submer gence f or 24 hour s does not appr eci -abl y ef f ect i t s char act er i st i cs.
h.
Use, Tet r yt ol i s used i n chai n Ar i d i ndi vi dual demol i t i on bl ocksand i n cer t ai n dest r uct oos,
38. DYNAMI TE.a.
f : r "ner al .
Commer ci al hi gh expl osi ves ar e mor e f ami l i ar l y r ef er r ed t o as dynami t e.
Ther e ar e sever al t ypes, each t ype bei ng sub-di vi ded i nt o a ser i es of gr ades . Each t ype and gr ade di f f er s i n oneor mor e char act er i st i cs . Dynami t e consi st s of ni t r ogl ycer i n absor bedi n a por ous mat er i al . The por ous composi t i on var i es, dependi ng on .t he t ype of dynami t e.
Dynami t e i s gener al l y avai l abl e as Oar af f i n-coat ed 1' 2- l b r t i cks or ct i r t r i dges and i s r at ed accor di ng t o t he per cehtby wei ght of ni t r ogl ycer i n cont ent .
h. Char aat er i st i es . Dynami t e of f r om 50- t o 60- per cent ni t r o-gl ycer i n cont ent i s oqui val ent on an equal wei ght basi s t o TNT i nexpl osi ve st r engt h, Dynami t e of 40 per cent i s equi val ent t o TNTi nt he r at i o of 1 1/ 4- pound dynami t e t o 1- pound TNT. St r ai ght dynami t ei s mor e sensi t i ve t o shock and f r i ct i on t han TNTand i s capabl e ofbei ng det onat edby t he act i on of a r i f l e bul l et . The hi gher per cent agesof dynami t e have ver y good wat er r esi st ance. Expl osi on of t he com-mon t ypes of dynami t e pr oduces poi sonous f umes whi ch ar e danger ousi n conaned pl aces .
e.
Use.
Dynami t e i s used as a subet i t ut e f or ni t r ost ar ch or TNTand f or t r ai ni ng pur poses. The f ol l owi ng l i mi t at i ons ar e pl aced on i t suse ,.
( 1)
Not t o be i ssued or used f or dest r uct i on of ' ' duds: '( 2)
Not t o be suppl i ed f or t r ai ni ng i n use of demol i t i on equi p-ment .
Pan. 38- +13
TM9- 140o
Gener al
( 3)
Not t o be used i n Coast Ar t i l l er y submHr i ne mi nes or mi nebat t er i es.
( 4)
Not t o be car r i ed i n combat vehi cl es subj ect t o ext r emes oft emper at ur e.
: 39. FDNATOL.a.
Gener al char act er l al i es. Ldnat ol i s a mi xt ur e of hal ei t e orexpl osi ve H ( et hyl enedi ni t mmi TYe) and TNT, and i s one of t he mostpower f ul expl osi ves.
I t i s l ess sensi t i ve t han t et r yl , PETN, or 12DX.Ednat ol i s equi val ent t o t et r yl i n br i sance.
I t can be cast i n t he samemanner as amat ol . I t has no t endency t o combi ne wi t h met al s i n t heabsence of moi st ur e and has n4 t oxi c ef f ect .
I n t he pr esence of moi s-t ur e, hal ei t e hydr ol yzes sl i ght l y gi vi ng an aci d r eact i on, but hydr ol ysi sof ednat ol i s not appr eci abl e. Ednat ol i s ver y st abl e and can be st or edf or l ong per i ods; i t i s nonhygr oscopi c,
b.
I : Xke .
Ecl nat ol may be used f or t he same pur poses as pent ol i t e,namel y, i n r ocket s, gr enades, and hi gh- expl osi ve- ant i t ank shel l .
40.
AMMONAL The t er mammonal r ef er s gener al l y t o expl osi vemi xt ur es cont ai ni ng TNT, ammoni umni t r at e, and power ed al umi num,wi t h or wi t hout ot her i ngr edi ent s such as char coal . Asi mi l ar Br i t i shexpl osi ve i s mi nol 2. As a r ul e, ammonal expl osi ves ar e i nsensi t i veand, because of t he al umi num- cont ent . det onat e wi t h r esul t ant hi ghert emper at ur e, gr eat er bl ast ef f ect , and br i ght er f l ash t han ot her hi gh
" expl osi ves .
They ar e used i n pr ovi ng gr ound t est s of hi gh- expl osi vear t i l l er y shel l f or bet t er obser vat i on.
41 .
YRI TONAl L. .
Tr i t onal i s a gener i c t er mf or expl osi ves cont ai n-i ng TNTand al umi num, gener al l y i n t he r at i o of 80/ 20. I t pr oducesa gr eat er bl eat ef f ect t hud TNT, or Composi t i on Bdescr i bed bel ow.I t i s used i n l i ght - cuse and gener al - pur pose bomb:
42.
RDX.
RDX i s al so known al l cycl t mi t e ( cycl ot r i met hyl enet r i -ni t r ami ne ) , CTMTN, CA hexogen ( Ger man) , and T4 ( I t al i an) .
I ti s a whi t e cr yst al l i ne sol i d havi ng a mel t i ng poi nt of 202' C.
I t hasabout t he same power and br i sance as PETN" I t i s mor e easi l yi ni t i at ed by mer cur y f ul mi nat e t han i s t et r yl .
I t bas a hi gh degr eeof st abi l i t y i n st or age.
RDXi s never used al one but i n mi xt ur es wi t hat her expl osi ves and. / or oi l s and waxes.
43.
TORPEX. Tor pex i s a gr ay compound consi st i ng of RDX, TNT,al umi numpowder , and beeswax ( or si mi l ar wax) . I t i s a mor e powerf ul but much mor e sensi t i ve expl osi ve t han TNT.
Tor pex i s non-hygr oscopi c, noncor r osi ve, and has a ver y hi gh br i sance. Under wat eri t i s 50 per cent mor e deet r uct i ve t han TNT, wher eas i n ai r t he di f f er -ence i s appr oodmat el y 30 per cent Tor pex i s used as a bur st i ng char gei n mi nes, t or pedoes, and dept h char ges.
44
TM 4- 1940
Par s . 44- 46Gener al
44.
COMPOSI TI ONA, A- 2, AND! E- 3. Composi t i on A( COMP. A)i s a mi xt ur e of RDXand a desensi t i zer , bei ng senni pl ast i c i n nat ur e.Composi t i on Ai s a mi xt ur e i ncor por at ed by r ol l i ng, wher eas Composi -t i on A- 2 denot es t he sai nt expl osi ve pr epar ed by ket t l e- dr yi ng an ma.r ol l ed mi xt ur e, and Composi t i on A- 3 a mi xt ur e pr epar ed by t r ay- dr y-i ng an unr ol l ed pr oduct . Composi t i on A- 3 i s gr anul ar i n f or m, r esembl i ng t et r yl i n gr anul at i on.
I t i s buf f i n col or and i s pr ess- l oadedi n mi nor - cal i ber ( I 0- mm, 37- mm, and 40- mm) shel l . I t may al so beused f or boost er s, and can be used i n ar mor - pi er ci ng shel l due t o i t si nsensi t i vi t y and hi gh br i sance.
4. 1 .
{ : OMPOSI TI ONB. Composi t i on S( COMP. B) i s ami xt ur eofRDX, TNT, and beeswax or si mi l ar was . I t i s a nonpl ast i c mat er i alwhi ch i s cast - l oaded. I t i s one of t he most power f ul expl osi ves.
I t i sl ess sensi t i ve t han t et r yl but mor e sensi t i ve t han TNT. Composi t i onB i s an aut hor i zed f i l l i ng f or AN ( Ar my- Navy) st andar d ai r cr af tbombs, r t mi nes, and t or pedoes, and may be used i n boost er s f or l ar gebombs, demol i t i on char ges, and l ar ger - cal i ber pr oj ect i l es.
46. COMPO5111ON t. , C- 2. AND C- 3.a.
Gener al .
Composi t i on C, somet i mes r ef er r ed t o as P, &, i s apl ast i c expl osi ve cont ai ni ng RDXand an i ner t pl ast i ci zer . Composi -t i ons C- 2 and C- 3 ar e si mi l ar except t hat an expl osi ve pl ast i ci zer i sused. Composi t i on C- 2 i ndi cat es a mi xt ur e of RDXpl us ni t r ocot t onand - an expl osi ve pl ast i ci zer cont ai ni ng no t et r yl .
Composi t i on C- 3consi st s of RDX pl us r hi t r ocot t on aT%d pl ast i ci zer cont ai ni ng t et r ylsubst i t ut ed i n par t f or RDX,
b.
Compoet t i on C- 2. Thi s expl osi ve i s easi l y mol dabl e at mostt emper at ur es.
I t wi t hst ands wat er submer si on wel l . I t i s used i n t he21/ 4- pound demol i t i on bl ock M3.
e.
Compoei l i on C3.
At t emper at ur es bet ween 0= and 114° F,Composi t i on C- 3 i s pl ast i c or pl i abl e, cl osel y r esembl i ng put t y.
Bel ow- 20° F, i t becomes har d and br i t t l e.
Above 110° F, i t becomes sof tar i d, i f kept at t hi s t emper at ur e, has a t endency t o r emai n a sof t mass.I t i s consi der abl y l ess sensi t i ve t han TNTand may not al ways bedet onat ed by a No. S bl ast i ng cap but wi l l al ways be det onat ed byt he speci al Engi neer Cor ps bl ast i ng cap, The br owni sh- yel l ow pl ast i c,however , has consi der abl y gr eat er br i sance t han TNTand i s par t i c-ul ar l y ef f ect i ve under wat er .
I t i s used pr i nci pal l y as a commandoand demol i t i on expl osi ve, ei t her wi t h or wi t hout a cont ai ner , I t i sal so used as a f i l l er i n some t ypes of muni t i ons.
I f i t s pl ast i ci t y i sl ost by l ong st or age at l owt emper at ur es, i t may be r est or ed t o sat i s-f act or y pl ast i ci t y by mol di ng wi t h t he hands af t er war mi ngby i mmer .si on i n war mwat er . I t must not be exposed t o open f l ame as i tcat ches f i r e easi l y and bur ns wi t h an i nt ense f l ame. I f bur ned i n
43
Par s. 46- 30
TM 9- 1900Gener al
l ar ge quant i t i es, t he heat gener at ed may make i t expl ode. I t s ex-pl osi on pr oduces poi sonous gases i n such quant i t i es t hat i t s use i r ncl osed spaces i s danger ous.
47.
PTX- 1. Thi s expl osi ve consi st s of RDX, t euyl , and TNT.
I thas a pour i ng t emper at ur e of 90 t o 95 °Cand i s cast abl e. I t i s sl i ght -l y l ess st abl e t hen Composi t i on 13 and ednat oi . I n br i sance and poweri t i s equi val ent t o Composi t i on 8 and 50/ 50 pent ol i t e.
I n gener al ,PTX- 1 has appr oxi mat el y t he same expl osi ve char act er i st i cs as 65/ 35t et r yt ol , Thi s composi t i on does not exude and i s l ess sensi t i ve t oi mpact t han 55/ 35 t et r yt ol .
4&
VI X- Z. Thi s expl osi ve consi st s of PETN, RDX, and TNT, I tcan be pour ed at 95' - Cbut may be pr ess- l oaded or used as a l oosef i l l er .
I t i s l ess sensi t i ve t o i mpact t han 50/ 54 pent ol i t e but mor n sot han Composi t i on 13 or ednat ul .
I t i s mor e st abl e t han pent ol i t e andi t does not exude. PTX- 2 i s mor e br i sant and i s mor e r eadi l y i ni t i at edt o hi gh- or der det onat i on t han any of t he bi nar y expl osi ves.
Sect i on V1
CHEMI CAL AGENTS
49.
DEFI NI TI ON.
Achemi cal agent i s a subst ance whi ch, by i t sor di nar y and di r ect chemi cal act i on and i n concent r at i ons at t ai nabl ei n t he f i el d, pr oduces a t oxi c or an i r r i t at i ng ( har assi ng) ef f ect , ascr eeni ng smoke, an i ncendi ar y act i on, or any combi nat i on of t hese.An agent t hat pr oduces mor e t han one of t hese ef f ect s i s cl assedaccor di ng t o i t s pr i nci pal use.
go.
C1. A%S1f 1i CA' f I t 1N. Chemi cal agent s, or e cl assi f i ed accor di ngt o t act i cal use, pat hol ogi cal ef f ect , and pur pose, as f ol l oWl .
r .
War Saws.
Agas i s an agent whi chpr oduces ei t her a t oxi c ori r r i t at i ng physi ol ogi cal ef f ect .
Such an agent may be i n sol i d, l i qui d,or gaseous st at e, ei t her bef or e or af t er di sper si on. Gases may beper si st ent ( t hose r emai ni ng ef f ect i ve at poi nt of r el ease f or mor e t han10 mi nut es) or nonper si st ent ( t hose becomi ng i nef f ect i ve wi t hi n 10mi nut es) . Per si st ent gases ar e f ur t her di vi ded i nt o moder at el y per -si st ent ( t hose r emai ni ng ef f ect i ve i n t he open 10 mi nut es t o 12 hour s)and hi ghl y per si st ent ( t hose r emai ni ng ef f ect i ve i n t he open l ongert han 12 hour s) , These gases ar e cl assi f i ed as :
( 1)
CASUALTY GANV9.( a)
] Bl i st er gases ( vesi cant s)( b)
Choki nggases ( l ung i r r i t ant s)( c)
Bl ood and ner ve poi sons ( syst emi c poi sons)
46
TM 9. 1900
Por s. 30, 32
HI YRASSWUr *$ES ( i r r i t Ant %) :( a) Voi ni t i ng gases ( st er nut at ar s)( b)
Teat gases ( l acr i mat or s)h.
Scn4r - ni ng nmuke. a.r . I ncendi ar i es .d.
Si mul at ed war gums.
Gener al
51 .
DI KSCRI PTI { 1N.
The t ype, common name, and symbol of t hepr i nci pal chemi cal agent s ar e i ncl uded i n t he t abl e i n f i gur es 23 and23. The f ol l owi ng t abl e i ncl udes t he symbol s and names of chemi calagent s whi ch ar e not i ncl uded i n f i gur es 22 and 23 and whi ch maybe encount er ed i n t he f i el d.
C' WS Symbal a and Ay4m%I n Addi t i on f a RSur es 6 and 7H. . . . . . . . . . . . . , Levi nst ei n must ar d ( 30 per cent i mpur i t i es)HD . . . . . . . . . . Pur i f i ed must ar dHDV , , . . . . ' Thi ckened pur i f i ed must ar dHVV . . . . . . . . Ver y vi scous sol ut i on of met hyl met hwr yl at e
i n pur i f i ed must ar d, HDHP . . . . . . . . . . . . Sol ut i on of phosphor us i n Levi nst vi n must ar dHDP . . . . . ,
Sol ut i on of phosphor us i n pur i f i ed must ar dHN . . . . . . . . . . Ni t r ogen must ar dHL . . . . . . . . . Must ar d l ewi si t eCK . . . . . . . . . . . . Cyanogen chl or i deSA . , . . . . . . . Ar si neAC . . . . . . . . . . . . Hydr ocynni c aci dCNB . . . . . . . . Sol ut i on of chl or acet ophenonv i n benzene and
cer bor t t et r achl or i deCN- DM. . , Bur ni ng mi xt ur e of CMand DM
. . . . . . . . . . St anni c chl or i deNC. . . . . . . . . Chl or pi cr i n- st anni c chl or i deNP . . . . . . . . . . . . Thi ckened gasol i ne, wi t h napal mI M. . . . . . , . . . Th- ekened gasol i neFS . . . . . . . . . . . . Al umi num- bar i umni t r at e mi xt ur eAS . . . . . . . . . . . . Asbest i ne suspensi onMI R . . . . . . . . . . Mol asses r esi duumOt her symbol s; such as A1, A2, and D2, may al so be en-count er ed but t he chemi cal s associ at ed wi t h t hemar e hi ghl ycl s" i f i ed f or secur i t y pur poses . A br i ef descr i pt i on of t hepr i nci pal chemi cal agent s i s cont ai ned i n par agr aphs 53t hr ough 58.
. i 2. PAI NTI NG AND WI RKI 1t i C.a. Pai nl i t sg. Chemi cal ammuni t i on i s i dent i f i ed by t he base
col or , gr ay.
Par 52
TM 4- 1900
Genor al
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Far . 52
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Pays. 52- 54
TM %. t 400Gener al
h,
Mar ki ng,
The par t i cul ar agent used as chemi cal f i l l er i s i ndi -cat ed i n t he mar ki ng on t he ammuni t i on by one or t wo bands andt he t ype of f i l l er and i t s symbol , al l i n a di st i nct i ve cal
i n accor dance wi t h chapt er 1, sect i on I I .
5: i .
BUSTERGASES. Bl i st er gases pr oduce casual t i es r esul t antf r om i nj ur i es t o t he eyes and l ungs and ski n bl i st er s.
The pr i nci palbl i st er gases ar e must ar d gas and l ewi si t e .
a.
Must ar d gas ( H) i s a dar k- br own l i qui d whi ch sl owl y evapcr at es t o a col or l ess gas havi ng t he odor of gar l i c .
Pur i f i ed must ar d( HD) may be pr act i cal l y odor l ess- I t s pr i nci pal physi ol ogi cal ef f ecti s t hat of a bl i st er gas ( vesi cant ) , al t hough t he bl i st er i ng does notor di nar i l y appear f or sever al hour s. I f i nhal ed, t he vapor s have achoki ng ( l ung- i r r i t ant ) ef f ect . For compl et e pr ot ect i on agai nst Kbot h gas mash and pr ot ect i ve cl ot hi ng ar e necessar y.
The t act i caluse of Hi s t o neut r al i ze ar eas, cont ami nat e i nat er i el , cause casual t i es,and har ass enemy per sonnel.
I t i s pr oj ect ed by ar t i l l er y and mor t ari n shel l s and f r om ai r pl anes i n bombs and spr ays .
I t i s l ef t i n l andmi nes by r et r eat i ng t r oops .
I t r ender s f ood and wat er unf i t f or use.h.
Lewi si t e ( L) i s a dar k- br own l i qui d evapor at i ng t o a col or l essgas whi ch has t he odor of ger ani ums,
I n addi t i on t o bei ng a bl i st erand choki ng gas, l ewi si t e i s an ar seni cal poi son.
Gas mask and pr o-t ect i ve cl ot hi ng ar e necessar y f or pr ot ect i on agai nst L. The t act i caluse of L and t he met hods of pr oj ect i on ar e t he same as t hose f or H.I t r ender s f ood and wat er per manent l y unf i t f or use.
54. CHOKI NGCASES. Choki ng gases i nj wv t he r espi r at or yt r act nose, t hr oat , and l ungs, The pr i nci pal choki ng casual t y gasesar e di pbosgene, phosgene, chl or i ne, and chl or pi cr i n.
u. Di ghosgene ( DP) has a t oxi ci t y about t he same as t hat ofphosgene, I t causes wat er i ng of t he eyes, as wel l as coughi ng andoccasi onal vomi t i ng,
I s . Phosgene ( CG) appear s on pr oj ect i on as a whi t i sh cl oud,changi ng t o a col or l ess gas. The t oxi ci t y i s over t en t i mes t hat ofchl or i ne. I n hi gh concent r at i ons, whi ch ar e of t en met i n bat t l e, oneor t wo br eat hs may be f at al i n a f ewhour s_ Unl i ke chl or i ne, CGpr oduces but sl i ght i r r i t at i on of t he sensor y ner ves i n t he upper ai rpassages, so t he men exposed t o t hi s gas ar e l i kel y t o i nhal e i t mor edeepl y t han t hey woul d equi val ent concent r at i ons of chl or i ne or ot hergases. For t hi s r eason, phosgene i s ver y i nsi di ous i n i t s act i on andmen gassed wi t h i t of t en have l i t t l e or no war ni ng sympt oms unt i lt oo l at e t o avoi d ser i ous poi soni ng.
I t s t act i cal use, act i on on met al s,f ood, and wat er , ar e t he same as f or chl or i ne,
c.
Chl or i ne ( Cl ) i s a gr eeni sh- yel l ow gas wi t h a pungent odor .Physi ol ogi cal l y, i t act s as a l ung i r r i t ant , The ser vi ce gas mask ssuf f i ci ent f or pr ot ect i on,
I t i s used t act i cal l y as a casual t y agent
I tso
YM9_1900
Put s, 54- 56
Gener al
causen vi ol ent coughi ng i mmedi at el y and can be f at al on cont i nuedexposur e
I t i s used al one and wi t h ot her of t hi s gr oup i n gas- cl oudat t ack f r omcyl i nder s,
I t has a vi gor ous cor r osi ve act i on on wet ormoi st met al s . Food and wat er cont ami nat ed wi t h chl or i ne can bemade f i t f or use under t he di r ect i on of a medi cal of f i cer .
al .
Chl or pi cr i n ( PS) i s a col or l ess oi l y l i qui d, changi ng sl owl y i nt he open t o a col or l ess gas. I n addi t i on t o i t s l ung i nj ur ant ef f ect s,PS i s al so a st r ong t ear gas, and has t he addi t i onal advant age of bei ngcapabl e of penet r at i ng gas mask cani st er s t hat ar e r esi st ant t o or di -nar y aci d gases such as chl or i ne and phosgene. The i nj ur i ous ef f ect sof PS al so ext end t o t he st omach and i nt est i nes, causi ng nausea,vomi t i ng, col i c, and di ar r hea.
Si nce t hese condi t i ons ar e di f f i cul t t ocombat i n t he f i el d and of t en per si st f or weeks, even sl i ght cases ofPS gassi ng f r equent l y i nvol ve l ar ge casual t y l osses .
Tact i cal l y, i t i sused i n heavy concent r at i ons as a casual t y agent and i n l i ght er con-cent r at i ons as a har assi ng agent . PS i s used wi t h t ear gas i n ar t i l -l er y and mor t ar shel l s and i n ai r pl ane bombs and spr ays, Wi t hphosgene and chl or i ne, I >S i s used f mr n cyl i nder s.
I t has sl i ght act i onon met al s. Cont ami nat ed f ood and wat er may be r ender ed f i t f oruse under t he di r ect i on of a medi cal of f i cer .
. i i .
BLOODANl l NERVE POI SONS. These gases may pr oducet oxi c ef f ect s ver y r api dl y. The pr i nci pal bl ood and ner ve poi sonsar e hydr ocyani c aci d and cyanogen chl or i de,
a. Hydr ocyani c aci d ( AC) f or ms a col or l ess gas upon r el ease.I t s odor i s si mi l ar t o t hat of al monds, but i s not al ways r eadi l y de-t ect ed i n t he f i el d. I t s act i on i s ver y r api d. I t s f i r st act i on i s st i mu-l at i on of t he r espi r at or y syst em, causi ng deeper i nhal at i on. Deat hby par al ysi s of t he r espi r at or y syst em may occur i n a f ewmi nut es.
h. Cyanogen chl or i de ( CK) f or ms a col or l ess gas upon r el easeand has a shar p pungent odor . I t s act i on i s ver y r api d and pr oducespar al ysi s of t he r espi r at or y syst em, Unl i ke AC, i t f i r st pr oduces ani nvol unt ar y spasmof shor t dur at i on of t he upper r espi r at or y t r act .
56.
HAHASSI NGGASES. The har assi ng gases ( i r r i t ant s) ar e t het ear and vomi t i ng gases.
The pr i nci pal ones ar e:a. Chl or acet ophenone ( CN) , commonl y known as t ear gas, i s
t ypi cal of t he t ear gases,
I t pr oduces pr of use weepi ng and r equi r est he useof a gas mask f or pr ot ect i on.
I t has no per manent l y i nj ur i ous'
ef f ect on t he eyes
I n hi gher concent r at i ons, i t i r r i t at es t he ski n,pr oduci ng a bur ni ng and i t chi ng sensat i on. CN i s used al ong i ngr enades. I t i s used i n benzene and car bon t et r achl or i de sol ut i onal one ( CNI 3) and i n chl or of or i n sol ut i on wi t h chl or pi cr i n ( CNS) i nar t i l l er y and mor t ar shel l s and f r om ai r pl oner i n bombs and spr ays.CN has sl i ght act i on on met al s. I t i mpar t s a di sagr eeabl e t ast e t of ood and wat er .
51
Par s . 54- - 57
TM 4- 1900Gener al
h. Br ombenzy1cyani de ( BBC) i s a t ear gas whi ch pr oduces abur ni ng sensHt i on of t he mucous membr anes and sever e i r r i t at i on andl acr i mat i on of t he eyes wi t h acut e pai n i n t he f or ehead.
a. Adar nsi t e ( DM) t ypi f i es t he vomi t i ng gases. I t i s a sol i dwhi ch i s di sper sed by bur ni ng- t ype muni t i ons such as candl es andgr enades, and appear s as a yel l ow smoke wi t h an odor r esembl i ngcoal smoke. Physi ol ogi cal l y, i t causes l acr i mat i on, vi ol ent sneezi ng,i nt ense headache, nausea, and t empor ar y physi cal debi l i t y. For pr o-t ect i on, t he ser vi ce gas mask, whi ch i s equi pped wi t h an ef f i ci entsmoke f i l t er , i s r equi r ed.
Tact i cal l y, i t i s used as a har assi ng gas.DMhas a sl i ght act i on on met al and r ender s f ood and wat er per -manent l y unf i t f or use.
<l .
Di phenyl chl or ar si ne ( DA) i s a vomi t i ng gas whi ch causes i r r i -t at i on of t he t hr oat and l ungs. Thi s i s f ol l owed by a headache, andpai ns i n t he j aws and t eet h.
These sympt oms ar e accompani ed bychest pai ns, nausea, and vomi t i ng,
i ?. SCREENI NG SMOKES. Smokes ar e pr oduced by t he di w-per si on of par t i cl es i n t he at mospher e t hr ough t he bur ni ng of sol i dsand t he spr ayi ng of l i qui ds. They ar e used t o scr een movement s andact i vi t y, t o bl anket t he enemy, t o i nact i vat e obser ver s, t o spot 2r t i l -I er y f i r e and bombi ng, and t o di sgui se cl oud gas,
a. Hoxachl or et hane- zi nc mi xt ur e ( HC) can be used onl y f r ombur ni ng- t ype ammuni t i on, such as gr enades, candl es, and base- i gni t i onand bas" j ect i on smoke shel f . No pr ot ect i on of mat er i el i s r equi r ed.HC i s har mf ul ( t oxi c) t o unmasked per sonnel who ar e exposed t oheavy concent r at i ons f or shor t per i ods or t o l i ght concent r at i ons f orext ended per i ods of t i me, but t he ser vi ce mask of f er s compl et e pr o-t ect i on. Food and wat er ar e not spoi l ed ' by HC but acqui r e a di s-agr eeabl e odor.
Sul f ur t r i axi de- chl or sul f oni c aci d mi xt ur e ( FS) i s a l i qui dwhi ch pr oduces a dense whi t e smoke when di sper sed i nt o a humi dat mospher e. I t i s pr oj ect ed i n shel l s, by ai r pl ane spr ay and f r ompor t abl e cyl i nder s. FS l i qui d i s ver y cor r osi ve, and r ubber gl ovesshoul d be wor n i n handl i ng i t . No mask i s necessar y f or t he smoke,whi ch i s har ml ess t o per sonnel except i n ver y heavy concent r at i ons.Li qui d FS r ender s f ood and wat er unf i t f or use; t he smoke mer el yi mpar t s an unpl easant t ast e-
Because of i t s cor r osi ve nat ur e, cer t ai nr est r i ct i ons ar e i n f or ce on t he use of FS( AR758- 10) .
e. Ti t ani um t et r achl or i de ( FM) i s si mi l ar t o FS i n appear ance,pr oper t i es . and use.
d,
Whi t e phosphor us ( WP) i s a yel l ow, waxy subst ance whi chi gni t es spant ancoml y and pr oduces a dense whi t e smoke. I t s pci t t -ci pal use i s t o pr oduce smoke, al t hough i t i s an i ncendi ar y and casual t y agent as wel l .
WPi s used onl y i n expl osi ve- t ype pr oj ect i l es,51
TM9- 1900
Put s. 57- 55Gmer al
ar t i l l er y end mor t ar shel l , gr enades, and ai r pl ane bombs. When t hepr oj ect i l e expl odes, i t scat t er s smal l pi eces of phosphor us whi ch i gni t espont aneousl y upon cont act wi t h ai r . These par t i cl es cont i nue t obur n even when embedded i n t he f l esh. Phosphor us bur ns shoul d bekept under wat er or wel l packed wi t h moi st ear t h unt i l t he par t i cl esar e r emoved. Phosphor us smoke i s unpl easant t o br eat he but har m-l ess; t hepar t i cl es, however , wi l l poi son f ood and wat er .
5$.
I NCENDI ARI ES. I ncendi ar i es ar e used t o i gni t e Combust i bl emat er i al s, but mayal so i nj ur e per sonnel ,
Var i ous t ypes of i ncendi ar yagent s ar e used. An al umi num- bar i um ni t r at e mi xt ur e ( F$) , t henmi t e ( TH) , or t her mat e ( TH) ar e used i n magnesi umor st eel con-t ai ner s,
a.
Ther mi t e i s a mi xt ur e of al umi numand i r on and t hi s mi xt ur e,upon i gni t i on, pr oduces mol t en i r on.
b.
Ther mat e, a mi xt ur e of t her mat e wi t h ot her subst ances ( suchas bar i umni t r at e) whi ch accel er at e t he bur ni ng, i s used i n i ncendi ar ybombs and gr enades .
c. Combust i bl e oi l & and j el l ed gasol i ne ar e used i n bombs andSame t hr ower s. I ncendi ar y mi xt ur e ( PT- 1) i s used i n bombs.
Par $. 5960
TM 9- 1900
59. GENERAL.
60. CARTR11l CES.
CHAPTER 2
CLASSES OF AMMUNI TI ON
Sect i on 1
SMALL- ARMS AMMUNI TI ON
a.
Ammuni t i on used i n weapons whose bor e i s 0. 60 i nch or l ess( r i f l es, car bi nes, pi st ol s, r evol ver s, and machi ne guns) and i n shot gunsi s cl assed as smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on,
b.
Many t ypes of car t r i dges ar e manuf act ur ed t o t he same pr o-r i l e, Consequent l y, car t r i dges of t hesame cal i ber al t hough of di f f er entmodel may be ver y bi mi l ar i n appear ance. Each t ype, and somet i meseach model , as i n t he case of some t r acer car t r i dges, has a char ac .t er i st i c col or ed bul l et t i p.
Car t r i dges may be i dent i f i ed as t o t ype,r oodei , and cal i ber by mar ki ng on packi ng boxes and cot t ons.
c.
The col or s used on bul l et t i ps t o i dent i f y t he t ype of car t r i dgear eshown i n f i gur e 1 and descr i bed i n par agr aph Ta ( 3) .
a,
Gener al .
A r ound of smal l - ar ms amt nvni t i on i s known as acar t r i dge.
I n gener al , i t consi st s of a bul l et , a pr opel l i ng char ge, apr i mer , and a car t r i dge case, al l assembl ed i nt o a uni t assembl y ( f i gs.24, 25, and 26) .
1x Bul l et . Bul l et s f or ser vi ce ume have a met al cor e or sl ugwhi ch i s cover ed wi t h a gi l di ng met al , or gi l di ng- met al - cl ad st eelj acket .
I n t he case of cal i ber . 4S bul l et s, copper - pl at ed st eel may beused i nst ead of gi l di ng met al f or t he j acket .
Bal l and t r acer bul l et shave a l ead al l oy or commonst eel cor e or sl ug, wher eas ar mor - pi er ci ngbul l et s have a bar dened st eel al l oy cor e. Bul l et s have a f l at or t aper edbase. Abul l et havi ng s t aper edbase i s sai d t o be " boat - t ai l ed' Acan-nel ur e, or annul ar knur l , i s r ol l ed or cut i nt o t he j acket t o pr ovi de ar ecess i nt o whi ch t he car t r i dge case i s cr i mped ( f i gs. 27, 29, 29,and 30) .
c.
Pr opel l i ng char ; c. Ther e ar e t wo t ypes of smal l - ar ms pr o-pel l ant sgener al l y used, t he si ngl e- base ni t r ocel l ul ose t ype and t hedoubl e- baset ype. The doubl e- base t ype i s a mi xt ur e of ni t r ocel l ul oseand ni t r ogl ycer i n whi ch bur ns mor e r api dl y t han t he si ngl e- base t ype;i t i s used i n shot gun shel l s, some cal i ber . 45 r o=ds, and car bi ne am-muni t i on. The wei ght of t he chhar ge and gr anul at i on of t he powderar e i n accor dance wi t h speci f i cat i on r equi r ement s f or vel oci t y andpr essur e. The char ge i s assembl ed l oosel y i n t he car t r i dge case.
Fi gur e 25 - Types of Smal l - ar ms Ammuni t i on56
G
TM4- 1400
Par . 6004I wes of Ammuni t i on
A
c
A- CAL. . 3C CARBI NE BALL CARTRI DGE, MlB - CAL. . 9S I SALL CARTRI DGE, W911C- CAL. 3t LONG RI FLE BALL CARTRI DGE0- 12- GAGE SH07GUI N SHELLE- CAL. . 30 BALL CARTRI DGF, M2F CAL. . 50 BALL ( _' ARTRI DGE, h47
RA PD 99561A
Fi g - e 26 - Types of Sma) t - ar ms Ammvr r i f ! on - Cr oss Sect i onMM0- se- A
07
Par . 60
TM 9- 1900CPasses of Ammuni t i on
A
- BASE, FI LLER- GI LDI NG METALB- COMP051TI ON, I GNI r ERI C - OOMPMI TI ON, TRACLRD - - CORE- TUN( XSTEN CHROME STEF( ,r - JACKET GI LDI NGMETAL OR GI LDI NG&%ETAL GLAD STEELF - POI NT FI LLER- LEAD " T" SHOTO. . - SLUG- LEAD WI TH ANTI MONYH- BODY PLUG- LEAD SHOTI - I NCENDI ARY CONSPO$I TI ON3- STEEL BODY
G
GAL , 30 BALL BULLET, hi t
BLACK- APPROX. 5. ' 16" - i
CAL. 30 ARMOR- PI ERCI NG GULLET, M2
RED- APPROX. 5; " 16" -
CAL , 30 TRACER GULLET, MI
ORANGE- APPROX. 5?: 1&, '
G
CAL, , 30 TRACER SULLET, T10
BLUE - APPROX. 5/ 16"
CAL. 30 I NCENDI ARY BULLET. MI
KA PO 4511C
Fi gur e 27- Cal i ber . 30 BuJi ef s - - Cr ass Sect r owt
$4
TM 9- 1900
Gasses of Ammuni t i on
A- COMPOSI TI ON. I CNI TER
G- POI NT FI LLER- LEAD WI THANTI MONYR- COMPOSI TI ON. SUB- I GNI TER
H- SLSJG- LEAD WI TH ANTI MONYC- COMPOSI TI ON. TRACER
I - JACKET- GI LDI NGMETAL CLAD STEELD- CORFSTEEL
J- I NCENDI APY mr ) CTLREE- CORE- TUNGSTEN CHROME STEEL K- STEEL. BODYF- JACKET GI LDI NI S METAL
CAL - 50 TRACER BULLET, MI OPANGE- APPROX 7: - ' 1( ?'
CAL. SO I NCENDI ARY BULLET MT
CAL, , 50 I NCENDI ARY GULLET. M2#
r 3LUF- APPROX. 7: 32"
RA PI D 89316A
Fi gur e 28 - . Cal i ber . 50 Bul l et s - Cr oss Secf i *n
39
Par . 60
Por s . 60- 63
7M 9- 1900
Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
d.
Pr i nt er .
The pr i mer co, i si st s of a br ass or gi l di ng- met al cupwhi ch cont ai ns a pr i r ner - omposi t i on pe11et of sensi t i ve expl osi ve, apaper di sk, and a br ass anvi l . Abl ow f r omt he f i r i ng pi n on t he pr i mercup compr esses t he pr i mer composi t i on bet ween t he cup and t heanvi l , and causes t he composi t i on t o expl ode.
The bol es or vent s i nt he anvi l al l ow t he f l ame t o pass t hr ough t he pr i mer vent i n t he car -t r i dge case and i gni t e t he pr opel l ant
c.
Car t r i dge eaae.
The car t r i dge case i s made of dr own br assor st eel . I t ser ves as a means wher eby t he ot her component s- pr i mer ,pr opel l i ng char ge, and bul l et - ar e assembl ed i nt o a uni t , t he car t r i dge.Anot her of i t s f unct i ons i s t o expand and seat t he chamber agai nst t heescape of gases t o t he r ear when t he car t r i dge i s f i r ed.
Thi s act i on i sknown as obt ur at i on. To make t he car t r i dge wat er pr oof and t o keept he pr opel l i ng char ge dr y, t he pr i mer i s seal ed i n t he pr i mer seat andt he bul l et i s seal ed i n t he neck of t he car t r i dge case by a t hi n f i l m ofl acquer or var ni sh at t he t i me of manuf act ur e.
An ext r act or gr oove,t ur ned i n t he head of t he car t r i dge case, pr ovi des a means of r emovi ngt he case f r omt he chamber of t he weapon,61 . TYPES_as f ol l ows=
Bal lAr mor - pi er ci ngAr mor - pi er ci ng- i ncendi ar yAr mor - pi er ci ng- i ncendi ar y-
t r acerI ncendi ar yTr acerHl ank
Smal l - ar ms car t r i dg" ar e cl assi f i ed accor di ng t o t ype
DummyHi gh- pr essur e t estGal l er y pr act i ceGuar dSubcal i berGr enadeShotShot gun shel l s
62.
RALL.
Thi s t ype of car t r i dge, i nt ended f or use agai nst personnel and l i ght mat er i el t ar get s, i s t he ol dest ser vi ce t ype_
I t i s bei ngr epl aced f or combat pur poses, however , by ar mor - pi er ci ng and ot hert ypes. The t er m" bal l , " al t hough no l onger accur at el y descr i bi ng t heshape of t he moder n bul l et , has been c" i t i nued i n use t o desi gnat et hat t ype of bul l et and ammuni t i on used f or t he same pur poses asammuni t i on of ver y ear l y desi gn, t he bul l et of whi ch was act ual l y abal l ( f i gs. 25 t o 30) . A speci al hi gh gr ade of bal l ammuni t i on i smanuf act ur ed each year f or t he Nat i onal Mat ches of t hat year ,
Thef ol l owi ng year i t may be used i n pr el i mi nar y f i r i ng f or such mat ches.The second year , and t her eaf t er , i t i s consi der ed as st andar d ser i t i ceammuni t i on. The head of each of t hese car t r i dges i s st amped " 14, M. "and wi t h t he year of manuf act ur e.63.
ARMOR- PI E1f CI NG. Thi s t ype of car t r i dge i s i nt ended f oruse agai nst ar mot ed ai r cr af t and vehi cl e4, concr et e shel t er s, and si m-i l ar bui l t - r esi st i ng t ar get s . The bul l et has a har dened st eel al l oycor e. I n addi t i on, i t may have a base f i l l er and a poi nt f i l l er of asof t er met al , such as gi l di ng met al ( f i gs . 27 and 28) .
TM 9- 1900
Pai r s. 64- - 48Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
A- SLUG- LEAF? ALLOYB- JACKET- GI LDI NGMETALC- JACKET- COPPER. K, hTED STEELD- I I GNI I TERE- TRACERCOMPD51TI ON
sORC
CAL . 45 BALL BULLET, M1911, RED- APPROX. 3+" 15r
GA
CAL . 45 TRACER BULLET, T30
Fi gur a ?9 - Cal i ber . 46 dul f el s - Cr oss Saef +on
RA PD 893d0A
61,
ARI VI OR- NI EHCTNC- I NCENDI ARY . Thi s t ype of car t r i dge i sused i n cal i ber . 30 st ud cal i ber . 50 weal ) OAS i r e l i eu of usi ng bot har mor - pi er ci ng and i ncendi ar y car t r i dges.
65,
_YRXi O( I - Nl I : KI .: TNC- I NCENUCAI I I ' - ' 1-RACER.
Thi s t ype ofcar t r i dge combi nes t he f eat ur es of ar mor - pi er ci ng, of i ncendi ar y, andof t r acer car t r i dges and i s i nt ended t o r epl ace t hese car t r i dges,
66. I NCENDI ARY. Thi s t ype of car t r i dge i s si i ni l at t o bal l orar mor - pi er ci ng ammuni t i on i n out war d appear once. I t i s used f ari ncendi aar y pur poses agai nst ai r cr af t . I t cont ai ns an i ncendi ar y Com-posi t i on, 8s a cent r al bul l et cor e, whi ch i gni t es on i mpact wi t h t het ar get ( Fi gs . 27 and 28) .
67. TRACER. Thi n t ype of car t r i dge i s i nt ended f or use wi t hot her t ypes t o show t he gunner , by i t s t r ace, t he pat h of t he bul l et s,t hus assi st i ng i i i cor r ect i ng ai m,
I t may al so be used f or i ncendi ar ypur poses .
The t r acer el ement consi st s of +t pr essed i nf l ammabl e Mat e-r i al i n t he base of t he bul l et ; t hi s coml x) si t i on i s i gni t ed by t he pr o-pel l i ng char ge when t he car t r i dge i s f i r ed ( f i p, 27 t hr ough 30) ,
Fori dent i f i cat i on . t he nose of t he bul l et i s pai nt ed r ed, or ange, or mar oon,
68.
11LANl i ,
Thi s t ype of car t r i dge ( f i g. 31) i s di st i ngui shed byt he al Aence of a bul l et .
I t i s uAed f ar si mul at ed f i r e, t r ai ni ng caval r ymount s, and f i r i ng sal ut es. I t i s al so used i n machi ne guns equi pped
61
Pays . 68- 71
TM 9- 1900Cl asses of Ammt ar t t i on
A- SLUG- LEAD ALLOYB- 1ACJCCT- GI LDI NGMETALC- 1GMTERD- TRACERCOMPD51TI ONE- JACKET- GI LDI NG ' yi ETAL CLAOSTEEL.
CAI . _K CARBI NE BALL BULLET, W
- . $$0- RED- APPROX. 1 . g"
C/ 0 ACAL . 30 CARBI NE TRACER BULLET t vt W6
462,
RA PD 8933I A
Fi gor e 30 - Car r hi r i e COl i bel . 30 SuPet s - Cr oss Sect i on
wi t h bl ank- f i r i ng at t achment s i n or der t o oper at e t hese weapons f ori nst r uct i onal pur poses . EC bl ank powdol r i s used t o pr oduce t henoi se.
69,
DUMMY,
Thi s t ype of car t r i dge ( f i g, 32) i s aged f or pr act i ceui l oadi ng weapons, t o det ect f l i nchi ng i n f i r i ng weapons, and t o si mul at e f i r i ng,
The car t r i dge case of ol der l ot s of dummy ammuni t i oni s t i n- coat ed. However , t he pr esent means of i dent i f i cat i on of dummycar t r i dges i s by means of hol es dr i l l wl t hr ough t he si de of t he cageand by t he Cmpt y pr i mer hol e. The car t r i dges ar e compl et el y i ner tbut si mul at e ser vi ce r ounds i n most det ai l s.
7{ l .
1i 11GH- PRESSLRI F ' 1' EST.
Thi s t ype of cI I r t r l dg£ ( f i g . 33) i smanuf act ur ed f or use i r i pr oof f i r i ng of smal l ar ms,
Si nce t he pr opel -l i ng char ge of t hi s ammuni t i on devel ops hi gh pr essur es, t hese car -t r i dges shoul d never be used f or any ot her pur pose. When used f ort he pur pose i nt ended, al l per sonnel shoul d be pr ot ect ed by adequat e: over ,
' 1' I t i i s ammuni t i on i s di st i ngui she4. l f r omot her t ypes by t he t i ncoat i ng of t he car t r i dge case_
I n some ol der l ot s, t he wor d " TEST" ' i sst amped on t he head of t he car t e,
7f .
GALLERYPRACTI CE. The pr esent st andar d f or gal l er y pr ac-t i ce i s t he cal i ber _22 l ong r i f l e car t r i dge ( f i gs. 25 and 26) , a r i m- f i r ecar t r i dge of commer ci al manuf act ur e. I n t he past a gal l er y pr act i cecar t r i dge, cal i ber . 30 1ai 1919 was used, but any Avai l abl e l ot s Of t hi scar t r i dge ar e r eser ved f or guar d pur poses,
TM 9- 1900
Pam 72- - 73
Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
CA4, 34 BLANK CARTRI DGE, M1"
CAL. , 45BLANk CARTRI DGE, M9
CAL. . $0 BLANK CARTRI DGE, Ml i r 4ol
Fi gur e 31 - Bl ank Car t r i dges
RA PD g9334A
72.
GUARD.
Guar d car t r i dges coaai st ed of a l ow- vel oci t y char geand v r ound- nose l ead bul l et t ogeAher wi t h t he car t r i dge case endpr i mer , The guar d car t r i dge M1 was f or mer l y known as t he gal l er ypr act i ce car t r i dge M1919 ( 1mr . 71) .
As i n t he case of t he gal l er ypr act i ce cHr t r i t o, t he use of t he guar s! car t r i dge i s bei ng di scon-t i nued.
7. 1 . SUBCA1dBl ai .a.
Thi s t ype of , : ar t r i dge ( f i g . 34) i s f i r ed f r om subcal i ber t ubesi nser t ed i n l ar ger weapons, The subcal i ber car t r i dge, cal i ber . 30,M1925 i s f i r ed f r om a " Kr ag" t ype of subcal i ber t ube i n 3- i nch seacoast guns.
Thi s car t r i dge i s i dent i f i ed by t he ext r act i ng r un on t hehead of t he case i nst ead of t he usual gr oove.
h.
Ot her car t r i dges: , speci f i cal l y t he st andar d cal i ber . 22, cal i ber. 30, and cal i ber . 50 bal l car t r i dges, ar e f i r ed f r omsubcal i ber t ubes i nf i el d, t ank, and ant i t ank weapons.
Par , 73
TM 9- 1900
Cl asses of Ammar t i f i or t
A
B
- CAL. . . 0 GUMMY CARTRI DGE, M2
D
B
CAL . . 90 CARBI NE DUMMY CARTRI DGE, M13C - , r - Al . . 30 DUMMY CARTRI DGE, h1 S?j ) - CAL . . 95 DUMMY CARTR4DGE, M1921
f i gur e 32 - - Dummy Car t r i dges
64
RA PD 99344A
Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
65
f i gur e 3S-Nl gh- pr esi vne Test Car t r i dges
C
Par . 73
CAL, LO HI GH-PRESSURE TEST CARTRI EI UE, M1B-CAL, . 30 CARBI NE HI GH PRESSURE TEST CARTRI CI JE, M18C-CAL. . 30 HI CI J- PRESSURE TEST CARTRI DGE, i " ID- CAL. . h5 HI GH PRESSURF TEST CARTRI DGE, A41
RA FD 031GA
Par s . 74- 76Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
1A, PD 23079A
Fi gur e 34 - Cal i ber . 30 Su' bcaf i ber Car t r i dge MT925
71 . URENAUE. Gr enade car t r i dges ( f i g . 35) ar e speci al bankcar t r i dges f or use i n pr opel l i ng gr enades f r om l aui t i cher s at t ached t or i f l es or car bi nes . The Ti t l e gr enade and car bi ne gr enade car t r i dgesar a di st i ngui shed by a r ose- pet al cr i mp at t he mout h of t he case. Theauxi l i ar y gr enade zar t r i dge M7 whi ch cont ai ns a pr opel l ant but nopr i mer i s somet i mes used i n conj unct i on wi t h t he r i f l e or car bi negr enade car t r i dge t o gi ve addi t i onal r ange.75.
SH( Yl ' . Shot car t r i dges of cal i ber . 45 ( f i g_ 36) ar e f or use i npi st ol s f or hunt i ng smal l game. I nst ead of a sol i d bul l et , t hey con-t ai n No. 7' A chi l l ed shot , whi ch i s al so used i n shot gun shel l l oadi ng&These car t r i dges ar e i nt ended pr i mar i l y f or use by ai r f or ce per sonnelas an ai d i n obt ai ni ng f ood.76.
SHOTGUNSHELLS. Shot gun shel l s ( shot shel l s) of appr opr i -at e l oads ar e pr ocur ed commer ci al l y f or use i n 12- gage spor t i ng- t ypeand r i ot - t ype shot guns ( f i g. 37) .
7M9- 1900
Pays . 77- 78Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
CAL 45 SHOT CARTRI pGE, MI 5
67
CAL . . 45 $NOI CARTRI DGE l AQ
f i gur e 3b- - Cal i ber . 45 Shot Car t r i dgesRA PD 89562A
77. GRADES,a,
Cur r ent gr ades of exi st i ng l ot s of smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on ar eest abl i shed by t he Chi ef of Or dnance i n accor dance wi t h accept anceand sur vei l l ance t est s, and ar e publ i shed i n WD SE 9- AMM4,Gr ade 3 i ndi cat es unser vi ceabl e ammuni t i on, whi ch wi l l not be i ssuedor used.
I t i .
Smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on whi ch has been gr aded " For Tr ai ni ngUse Onl y" wi l l not be used i n demonst r at i ons or on t r ai ni ng cour sesr equi r i ng t hi s ammuni t i on t o be f i r ed over t he heads of par t i ci pat i ngt r oops.
78, CARE AND PRECAUTI ONS I N HANDLI NG.a.
Smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on i s compar at i vel y saf e t o handl e. How-ever , car e must be t aken t o pr event ammuni t i on boxes f r ombecomi ngbr oken or damaged, Br oken boxes must be r epai r ed i mmedi at el y,and car ef ul at t ent i on gi ven t o t he t r ansf er of al l mar ki ngs t o t he newPar i s of t he box . Met al l i ner s shoul d be si r - t est ed and seal ed i fequi pment f ar t hi s wor k i s avai l abl e,
1j . Ammuni t i on boxes wi l l not be opened unt i l t he ammuni t i oni S r equi r ed f or use. Ammuni t i on 1vmoved f r om ai r t i ght cont ai ner s,par t i cul ar l y i n damp cl i mat es, may cor r ode and become unser vi ce-abl e. .
c. When car t r i dges ar e t aken f r om t hei r or i gi nal packi ng& f orl oadi ng i nt o cl i ps or machi ne gun bel t s, t he cl i ps or bel t s shoul d bet agged or mar ked so as t o pr eser ve t he ammuni t i on l ot number ,t her eby pr event i ng t he ammuni t i on f r om f al l i ng i nt o gr ade 3 t hr oughl oss of l ot number ( i dent i t y) ,
d. Ammuni t i on shoul d be car ef ul l y pr ot ect ed f r om mud, sand,di r t , and wat er .
I f i t get s wet or di r t y, i t shoul d be wi ped af t ' at once_
Par . 79
TM 9- 1900
Cl asses of Ar r ot r t ur ei f i an
ALL BRA55 NO. 00 BUCK 12- G&GE SHOTGUN SHELL. M19
PAPER #00 BUCKSHOT 12- GAG( SHOTGUN SHEI - L
PAPER
?- 1 . 2 CHI LLED SHOT 12- CAGE SHOTGUN SHELL
PJgvr e 37 - Shof gun Shef f s, T2- gage
PAPER #B CHI LLED SHOT AND TRACER 12- CAGE SHOTGUN SHELL
RA PD 230M
TM 9- 1400
Par s . 78- 90Cl asses of Ar nmur dbonr
I f l i ght cor r osi on or ver di gr i s f or ms on car t r i dges, i t shoul d be wi pedof f . However , car t r i dges shoul d not be pol i shed mer el y t o maket hem l ook br i ght er or bet t er ,
e.
Ammuni t i on shoul d not be exposed t o t he di r ect r ays of t hesun f or any consi der abl e l engt h of t i me.
Thi s i s l i kel y t o af f ect i t sf i r i ng qual i t i es.
f , The use of oi l or gr ease on car t r i dges i s danger ous and i spr ohi bi t ed,
g.
Car t r i dges t hat ar e dent ed, have l oose bul l et s, or ar e ot her wi sedef ect i ve shoul d not be f i r ed.
79.
PRECAUTI ONS I N FI RI NG.a. Because a mi sf i r e cannot i mmedi at el y be di st i ngui shed f r om
a hangf i r e. i t i s unsaf e t o open t he bol t of a r i f l e f or at l east 10 t o 15seconds af t er a mi sf i r e occur s. When t he r i f l e M1 f ai l s t o f i r e, i tshoul d be r ecocked by means of t he t r i gger guar d and r ef i ned bef or et he bol t i s opened. When t he r i f l e M1903 f ai l s t o f i r e, i t shoul d ber ecocked by dr ai ni ng back t he cooki ng pi ece and shoul d be r ef yr edbef or e t he bol t i s opened. The r i f l e U1917 cannot be r ecocked wi t h-out openi ng t he bol t , i n case of mi sf i r e, wai t a f ul l mi nut e bef or e t hebol t i s opened. When t he cal i ber . 30 car bi ne f ai l s t o f i r e, pul l t heoper at i ng sl i de t o t he r ear and r el ease t he Oper at i ng r od. I f t heoper at i ng sl i de goes f ul l y home, ai m and f i r e, To avoi d i nj ur y i ncase of hangf i r e, hol d t he hand so t hat no par t of t he pal mor wr i stcan be st r uck by t he oper at i ng sl i de i n i t s r api d r ear war d movement .
L.
Bef or e f i r i ng, be sur e t hat t he bor e of t he weapon i s f r ee of anyf or ei gn mat t er such as cl eani ng pat ches, mud, sand, snow, et c,
Fi r i nga weapon wi t h any obst r uct i on i n t he bor e wi l l r esul t i n damage t ot he weapon and may r esul t i n i nj ur y t o t he f i r er .
c . No smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on wi l l be f i r ed unt i l i t has beeni dent i f i ed posi t i vel y by ammuni t i on l ot number and gr ade, as pub-l i shed i n t he l at est r evi si on of WDSB 9- AMM4.
d .
For pr ecaut i ons i n f i r i ng bl ank ammuni t i on, see TM9- 1990,Any wr i ous mal f unct i on of ammuni t i on must be r epor t ed
pr ompt l y t o t he or dnance of f i cer under whose super vi si on t he ma-t er i al i s mai nt ai ned and i ssued. As pr ovi ded i n AR 750- 10, t heor dnance of f i cer wi l l r epor t such mal f unct i on t o t he Chi ef of Or d-nance, I t i s i mpor t ant , t her ef or e, t hat al l evi dence be pr eser ved.Thi s i ncl udes t he car t r i dge case, ot her car t r i dges f r om t he same box,t he weapon concer ned, and al l r ecover abl e pi eces- - - i n shor t , ever y-t hi ng t hat mi ght det er mi ne t he cause of t he mal f unct i on.
80.
PACKI NG ANDMARKI NG.a, Packi ng. Dependent an i t s i nt ended use, smal l - ar ms am-
muni t i on i s packed i n l i nk and web bel t s, cl i ps, or car t ons ( f i gs 3869
Par . 84Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
WAXED CONTAI NER OPENEDSHOWI NGCARTONS ANDCONTENTS
BOX WI TH COVERREMOVED SHOWI NGWAXED CONTAI NERS
TM9- 1900
Fi gur e 38 - Boxes Cont ai ni ng Car t on- packed Ammuni t i on} n Waxed Car r t ai nar s
79
RA PD 64466A
TM9- 1400
Par. soCl asaea of Ammur vf i on
Fi gur e 39- Saxes
Cont ai ni ng Car t on- packed Ammuni f i oni n MOWCans
71
PUT. 80Cl asses a! Ar nmur t i t i cm
TM9- 1900
RA PD97725
f i 9vr e 40- Boxes Coj r r ai ni ng 8- r ound Cf i pped Ammunf t i on i nBandol eer s i n Mef al Car t s
71
TM 9- 19QQC1as2, es of At nn i t t Ri on
8_110 . CLI PPED
CAL. , 30 LI NKED
CAL. XBELTED
5. RD, CLI PPED
Par . 90
CAL_ TD LI NKED
RA PD 151936
Fi gur e 41 - Packi ng Symbol s an Smal l - ar ms Ammuni t i on Boxes
sa412l 0 - 4s- e
7a
Par . 50
TM 9- 1400
Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
RA PO 6T31UP
Fi gur e 4Z - Wi r e- bound Cr at e f or Four Ammuni t i on &axes, Cal . . 30, M1
R Pa i amge
Fi gur e 43 - Ammuni t i on Box, Cal . . 30, M1 ( St eel )
74
r M 9- ' t 9110
Par %. 811` 81Cl auses of Ammuni t i on
t hr ough 43) .
For exampl e, ammuni t i on i nt ended f or use i n t he r i f l eN1 I i s packed i n 8- r ound cl i ps,
For a det ai l ed descr i pt i on of packi ng,see ORB 11 SNL' s of t he T gr oup,
l o- Mar ki ng.( 1)
Smal l - ar ms packi ng boxes may be ei t her st ai ned br own wi t hmar ki ng i n yel l ow, or unst ai ned wi t h mar ki ng i n bl ack_ Mar ki ngsf or shi pment ar e cover ed i n chapt er 3, sect i on I V, and I n TM9- 1990.
( 2)
I nst ead of t he l ot number , a r epacked l ot number may best enci l ed on packi ng boxes cont ai ni ng web bel t s and met al l i c l i nkbel t s ; t he ser i al number of t he r epacked l ot number i s pr eceded byt he l et t er " l 3" f or bel t ed ammuni t i on, and " L" f or l i nked car t r i dges,
( 3) To pr ovi de a f ur t her means of qui ckl y i dent i f yi ng t ype ofpacki ng, st enci l ed f i gur e si l houet t es ar e used on boxes and cr at escont ai ni ng cl i pped, bel t ed, and l i nked car t r i dges. These symbol s i n-di cat e whet her t he ammuni t i on i s packed i n r i f l e cl i ps, web bel t s, orl i nked bel t s, The si l houet t es ar e ver t i cal f or cal i ber . 30 car t r i dges,and di agonal f or cal i ber . 50 car t r i dges ( f i g, 41) . The absence ofst an6l ed f i gur e si l houet t es on boxes i ndi cat es car t on- packed emr nuni -t i on ( f i gs. 38 and 39) .
( 4)
The expendabl e met al ammuni t i on boxes ar e pai nt ed ol i ve-dr ab wi t h mar ki ng i n yel l ow ( f i g, 43) ,
Sect i on I tGRENADES
81 . GFNERAL DESCRI " 10N.v .
1) ef i ni l i nn.
Gr enades ar e smal l expl osi ve or chemi cal mi ssi l esi nt ended f or use agai nst an enemy at r el at i vel y shor t r anges .
l i .
l i ani r. t ypes .
Ther e ar e t wo basi c t ypes of gr enades- - t hosei nt ended t o be t hr own by hand ( f i gs . 11 and 44) and t hose i nt endedt o be pr oj ect ed f r omr i f l es or car bi nes equi pped wi t h sui t abl e gr enadel auncher s ( f i gs . 12 and 45) . By at t achi ng a sui t abl e adapt er , someof t he hand gr enades may al so be f i r ed f r omr i f l es and car bi nes ( f i gs .46 and 47) , Hand gr enades pr ovi de t he sol di er wi t h an auxi l i ar yweapon, si mi l ar t o a shel l or bomb, t o suppl ement hi s basi c weapons .Ri f l e gr enades ar e val uabl e not onl y f ar speci al i zed use, such asagai nst t anks, but al so f or cover i ng t he r anges bet ween t he maxi mumf or hand gr enades and t he mi ni mumf or mor t ar shel l .
Speci al bl ankcar t r i dges ( f i g. 35) , packed wi t h t he r i f l e gr enades, must be used i nt he weapon f or pr oj ect i ng t hese gr enades,
c .
Gener al t ypes .
Bot h hand and r i f l e gr enades can be el assi f i . edi nt o t hr ee gener al t ypes, namel y . expl osi ve, chemi cal , and pr act i ceor t r ai ni ng.
7$
Por s . 81- 83
TM 9- 1900
Cl essea of Ammuni t i on
( 1) Expl ogi ve gr enades ar e used pr i mar i l y f or ant i per kXonoel( f r agment at i on or bl ast ) or ant i t ank ef f ect . They may al so be usedas demol i t i on agent s .
( 2) Chemi cal gr enades ar e used f or casual t y, har assi ng, i ncen-di ar y, scr eeni ng, and si gnal i ng pur poses, Some of t hem may al so beused f or t r ai ni ng pur poses and dest r uct i on,
( 3) Pr act i ce and t r ai ni ng gr enades ar e used i n t r ai ni ng t r oopsf or combat ,
d.
Mi zi ng. Gr enades t hr own by hand ar e nor mal l y f i t t ed wi t ha del ay- act i on f uze.
For expl osi ve hand gr enades and t he chemi calM15 ( bur st i ng t ype) WPsmoke hand gr enade, t hi s del ay i s set f orappr oxi mat el y 4. 5 seconds. Bur ni ng- t ype chemi cal hand gr enadesuse a f uze wi t h a del ay of appr oxi mat el y 2 seconds. Ri f l e gr enadesar e usual l y f i t t ed wi t h a base f uze t hat f unct i ons on i mpact .
8: t .
j EXPLOSwEHANDGRENADES.a. Fr agni ent al i on t ype. The Mk 2 i s a t ypi cal f r agment at i on
hand gr enade ( f i g. 11 and A, f i g. 44) . Thi s gr enade i s made of casti r on var yi ng i n t hi ckness f r om 1/ 8 t o 1/ 4 i nch. The body i s l emon-shaped, appr oxi mat el y 21/ { i nches i n di amet er and 31/ z i nches i nl engt h wi t hout t he f uze.
I t cont ai ns an expl osi ve char ge whi ch, upondet onat i on, br eaks up t he body of t he gr enade and . f uze and pr oj ect st he f r agment s out war ds i n al l di r ect i ons at hi gh vel oci t y.
The bodyi s gr ooved bot h hor i zont al l y and ver t i cal l y. The f uze f or t hi s Sr et adehas a pr i mer . a combust i bl e t i me- del ay t r ai n, and a det onat or .
At -t ached t o t he f uze body i s a saf et y l ever hel d i , r s pl ace agai nst t heact i on of t he st r i ker spr i ng by means of a saf et y pi n. Just pr i or t ot hr owi ng, t he saf et y pi n i s r emoved. When t he gr enade s t hr own,t he saf et y l ever i s pushed of f by t he st r i ker , al l owi ng t he st r i ker t oi mpact agai nst t he pr i mer . The pr i mer i gni t es t he t i me- del ay t r ai nand, af t er 4 or 5 seconds, t hi s del ay t r ai n causes t he det onat or t oexpl ode.
Thi s, i n t ur n, causes t he expl osi ve f i l l er i n t he gr er i ade t odet onat e, t her eby f r agment i ng t he gr enade. Fr agment s may f l y over200 yar ds.
1) .
Of f endve t ype,
The of f ensi ve gr enade ( f i g. l l and C, f i g. 44)i s i nt ended t o have an ant i per sonnel ef f ect over a smal l ar ea. I tcont ai ns mor e expl osi ve t han t he f r agment at i on- t ype gr enade, appr ox-i mat el y 1/ 2 pound of pr essed TNT, sad, t her ef or e, i s mor e usef ul ase demol i t i on agent
No f r agment at i on ef f ect i s obt ai ned,
1t 3. CHEMI CAL HANDGRENADES.a.
Bur ni ng t ype. The st andar d cont ai ner f or t hi s t ype of gr e-nade ( f i g . I 1 and D, f i g. 44) i s a cyl i ndr i cal st eel can 23/ s i nches i ndi amet er and 43Ni nches hi gh.
The f uze f or t hese gr enades i s si mi l art o t he f uze used i n t he Mk 2 f r agment at i on gr enade, except t hat i t
76
TM9- 1900
FRAGMENTA?1
OFFE 51VE GRENAQEMK 3AZ UNFUXEO
C
A
Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
NGRENADE, MK 2 PRACTI CE GRENADE, M21B
CHEMI CAL GRENADE
Fi gur e 44 - Hand Gr enades - Cr oss 5sct i on
77
Par . 83
STRI k; ER1SAF! 1Y; LEVERaELAYFl .15EI GNI ' r ER
RA PD 89340A
Par . 83Ci assus of Af nmuni r i on
TM 9- 1' 400
has an i gni t er i nst ead of a det onat or , and has a shor t del ay t i me of2 seconds . Gr enades t ?f t hi s t ype have wat er pr oof , adhesi ve- t apecover ed, smoke emi ssi on hol es i n t he t op, si des, or bot t om. Thesegr enades ar e descr i bed br i ef l y as Fol l ows :
( 1) CN- D14I I RRI TANT HAND GRENADE. The pr oduct s of coi n-bust i on of t he f i l l er i n t hi s gr endde have a har as4i nd ef f ect . I t spr i nci pal use i s i n t he cont r ol of ci vi l di st ur bances . The bur ni ng t i mei s 20 t o 60 seconds. The f i l l er i s a composi t i on of t ear gas, vomi tgas, and smokel ess powder .
( 2)
CN TEAR HAND GRENADE.
Thi s gr enade i s i dent i cal wi t h t heGN- DMgr enade except t hat i t l bas a t ear gas f i l l er . Pr i nci pal usesar e i i i cont r ol of ci vi l di st ur bances, ai ul t r ai ni ng i n use Df t he gasmask.
( 3)
HCSMOKEGRENADE.
Thi s i s an Ar my- Navy st andar d whi t esmoke gr enade, used f or si gnal i ng and scr eeni ng pur poses.
The con-t ai ner i s st andar d except t hat t her e ar e no emi ssi on hol es i n t he si de.The bur ni ng t i me i s X t o 2i i i mi nut es,
( 4)
THI NCENDI ARY GRENADR,
Thi s i s an Ar i ny- Navy st andar dmuni t i on f or set t i ng t i r e t o enemy mat er i el ,
The cont ai ner i s st and-ar d except t hat t her e ar e no emi ssi on hol es i n t he si de. Cl amps ofst eel st r appi ng, whi ch f i t ar ound t he body of t he gr enade, may beused t o nai l t he gr enade agai nst an abj ect t o be bur ned.
The f i l l i ngi s t her mat e, whi ch bur ns at appr oxi mat el y 4, 330 F f or 30 t o 35seconds .
( $) COLORED st ai aKE GRENADE M1G. Thi s gr enade, used f orgr ound- Ri r and gr ound- gr ound si gnal i ng pur poses i s made i n t he f ol -l owi ng col or s : gr een, yel l ow, r ed, and vi ol et , I t i s of st andar d Con-st r uct i on and bur ns f or appr oxi mat el y 2 mi nut es,
( $)
CoLoxr v SMOKE GRENAD$ M1 S.
Thi s gr enade, avai l abl e i nr ed. gr een yel l ow. and vi ol et , i s al so used f or si gnal i ng pur poses . Thecont ai ner has emi ssi on hol es i n t he t op, and a si ngl e hol e at t hebot t om.
A t aper ed hol e ext ends t hr ough t he cent er of t he gr enadef r om t he bot t om emi ssi on hol e t o t he f uze. The st ar t er mi xt ur el i t r es t he t aper ed cavi t y,
The gr enade pr oduces a heavy smoke f orappr oxi mat el y 1 mi nut e.
( 7) REDSMOKE ¢RENADE AN- M3. Thi s gr enade i s an Ar my-Navy ai r f ar os of f i ci al di st r ess si gnal . I t i s t he st andar d met al gr e-nade except t hat t he f uze l ever i s shor t ened and t he body i s cover edwi t h a met al j acket t o whi ch ar e at t ached t hr ee met al st r i ps whi chmay be bent out f r omt he j acket t o keep t he gr enade f r om si nki ngi nt o snow or sof t gr ound.
Bur ni ng t i me i s 2 t o 2y mi nut es.I N
Bur st i ng t r l t v.
Ther e i s onl y one st andar d chemi cal gr enadeof t hi s t ype and i t i s known es t he WPsmoke gr enade MI S, Thi sgr enade has a dr awn- st eel cyl i ndr i cal body si mi l ar i n si ze t o t hebur ni ng- t ype chemi cal hand gr enades, and i s f i l l ed wi t h whi t e phos-
74
TM 9- 1900
Par . 83Cl asses of Ammupi f i on
7f
t4V0hn0wV
h
f lC
G7C
a- xa
I
a+i
Par s . 83- 87
TM 9- 1900
Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
phor us . The det onat i ng f uze used i n t hi s gr enade causes i t t o spl i topen and pr oj ect bur ni ng par t i cl es of phosphor us over a r adi us ofabout 15 yar ds. Thi s pr oduces a dense whi t e smoke scr een and wi l lcause casual t i es by bur ni ng.
84.
PRACTI CEANDTRAI NI NGHANDGRENADES. Thi s t ypeof gr enade ( f i g. 11 and B, f i g. 44) i s used i n t r ai ni ng.
They may bei ner t ( t r ai ni ng) , or l oaded wi t h a char ge of bl ack powder cont ai nedi n a cl ot h t ube ( pr act i ce) . I n t hi s case t he char ge i s i nser t ed i nt ot he f i l l i ng hol e, whi ch i s cl osed wi t h a cor k.
85.
EXPLOSI VE RI FLE GRENADES. Ant i t ank t ype : A t ypi calant i t ank r i f l e gr enade, t he M9A1 ( f i g. 12) consi st s of a sheet - st eelbody, cone, and ogi ve assembl y t o whi ch i s at t ached a si mpl e base-det onat i ng f uze and a st abi l i zer and f i n assembl y. The bead of t hegr enade cont ai ns a 4- ounce cast - pent ol i t e, shaped char ge f or bl ast i nghol es i n t he t ar get .
At t he same t i me det onat i on of t he mai n char gecauses f r agment at i on of t he body i n a l at er al di r ect i on.
The gr enadei s i nt ended pr i mar i l y f or use agai nst ar mor ed vehi cl es. I t has beenf ound t o be most ef f ect i ve agai nst enemy per sonnel when i t i s f i r edat a hi gh angl e of el evat i on ( 45' ) .
86.
CHEMI CAL RI FLEGRENADES.a,
Bur ni ng t ype.
These gr enades consi st of a deep- dr awn, t hi n-wal l ed st eel body wi t h hemi spher i cal ogi ve and body uni on assembl yt o whi ch i s at t ached a si mpl e base/ f uze and a st abi l i zer and f i n assembl y ( B, f i g. 30) .
Thi s t ype of gr enade i s avai l abl e wi t h appr oxi -mat el y 103/ 4 ounces of HC whi t e smoke or 61/ 2 ounces of st andar dcol or ed smoke f i l l i ngs .
Bot h HCand col or ed smoke gr enades havef i ve seal ed smoke emi ssi on hol es i n t he body uni on. The col or edsmoke gr enades al so have a smoke emi ssi on hol e i n t he ogi ve. Bot hof t hese t ypes of chemi cal r i f l e gr enades commence bur ni ng uponi mpact , due t o t he act i on of t he base i ni t i at i ng t ype of f uze. TheHC gr enade i s i nt ended pr i mar i l y f or scr eeni ng pur poses and t hecol or ed sr noke gr enades f or si gnal i ng.
b.
Bur st i ng t ype.
Thi s gr enade i s t he count er par t of t he WPsmoke hand gr enade M15. The WP smoke r i f l e gr enade M19 ( A,f i g. 45) has a st abi l i zer and f i n assembl y i dent i cal t o t hat used i n t heant i t ank gr enade M9Al . I t cont ai ns appr oxi mat el y 8. 5 ounces ofwhi t e phosphor us and i s equi pped wi t h a bur st er act uat ed by a base-det onat i ng f uze. The spont aneousl y combust i bl e WPgr enade i s scat ..t er ed upon i mpact .
87.
PRACTI CEANDTRAI NI NGRI FLEGRENADE. Ther e i s atpr esent onl y one st andar d pr act i ce r i f l e gr enade, t he M11A3 ( f i g. 12 ) .Thi s gr enade i s used onl y i n t r ai ni ng and si mul at es t he f l i ght and
so
Par s . 87- 88
TM9- 1900
XXsS64 of Ar nmuni t i un
' - CL I P
" SET- BACK BAND
\ - SAFE7Y LEVER
RAPC, 54491
Fi guf e 47 - Chemi cal Gt enode Pr ot ect i on Adapt er M2
act i on of t he AT gr enade M9A1,
Br i ng compl et el y i ner t , t hi s gr e-nade i s pai nt ed bl ack : . For r epeat ed use, i t i s i ssued wi t h addi t i onalr epl acement f i ns and ogi vi K
$f i . f ; HH: NADE PROJECTI ON A11APTI - A( S.a.
The gr enade pr oj ect i on adapt er { f i g. 46) aswTY3Yat ed t o a f r ag-m. ni at i on hand gr enade h1k 2 per mi t s t hi s hand gr enade t o be usedas a r i f l e gr enade_ Af t er r emoval of t ho gr enade saf et y pi n bef or ef i r i ng, t he saf et y l over i s hel d i n posi t i on by t he ar mi ng cl i p .
Uponf i r i ng t he gr enade f r ont ) s l auncher - equi pped r i f l e or car bi ne, t he ar m-i ng cl i p f r ees i t sel f f r um t he ar mi ng cl i p r et ai ner , t her eby r el easi ngt he gr enade saf et y l ever and i ni t i at i ng t he 5- second haze. Gr enadecar t r i dges ar e packed i n each adapt er packi ng bas .
1r .
The chemi cal gr enade- pr oj ect i on adapt er ( f i g . 47) i s i nt endedf or use wi t h t he chemi cal hand gr enades.
I t consi st s of a st abi l i zert ube, whi ch has a base pl at e and a t hr ee- pr onged cl i p on one end andon t he ot her end, a st andar d f i n si mi l ar t o t hat on t he gr enade M9A1,and a met al set back band whi ch f i t s ar ound t he gr enade, over t hesaf et y l ever . Upon f i r i ng t he gr enade f r om a l auncher - equi pped r i f l eor car bi ne, t he set back band moves t o t he r ekr , t her eby r el easi ng t hegr enade saf et y l ever and i ni t i at i ng t he ?- second f use.
Gr enade car -t r i dges ar e packed i n each adapt er car t r i dge packi ng box .
92
XLSTAg1OZERASSEMBLY
Figure48-Typical
PackingofHand
Grenades
RAn"a34b
Par . as
TM 9- 1900
Gl asses of Amnt uni di or ,
4
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4J vsa' X omnX
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TM4- 1900
Par s . 99- - 91
Cl asses of Amt nut vt i un
s! +, CARE AND PRECAUTI ONS I N HANDI AW.a. Cmr v . I nf or mat i on concer ni ng t he car er t o be exer ci sed i n
handl i ng gr enades wi l l be f ound i n chapt er 3 of t hi s manual andper t i nent Fi el d Manual s_
h.
Pr ecaut i ons . The f ol l owi ng addi t i onal vaf et y pr ecaut i ons f orhandl i ng ammuni t i on wi l l al so be obser ved :
( 1 )
Si nce f r agment s may be pr oj ect ed over 200 yar ds . f r agmen-t at i on gr enades wi l l not X used i n t r ai ni ng wi t hout adequat e cover .
( ' 2 ) The saf et y pi n wi l l be r emj wed j ust bef or e t hr owi ng orl aunchi ng and at no ot her t i me,
( 3) Occasi onal l y, chemi cal gr enades may f l ash. Hence, whenused i n maneuver s, t hey wi l l be so t hr own as t o f unct i on not l ess t han30 Feet f r om per sonnel _
( 4)
Duds wi l l be di sposed of i n accor dance wi t h t he pr ovi si ons i nchapt er 4.
( 5)
Ri f l e gr enades must never be l aunched wi t h a car t r i d4e ot hert han t he speci al gr enade car t r i dges pr ovi ded f or t hat pur pose,
( d) The f uze f ur ni shed wi t h t he gr enade Mk 2 i s r r oi sel m,smokel ess, and spar kl es. Under no condi t i on, t her ef or e, wi l l t het hr ower consi der t he gr enade a dud because no noi se, smoke, orspar ks ar e obser ved upon r el ease of t he saf et y l ever ,
90.
I DRN' 1' I FI CATI ON. Hi Ot - expl osi ve gr enml es ar e pai nt ed ol i ve.dr Xb wi t h yel l ow bands ar ound t he t op of t he gr enade body . Tr ai n-i ng hand gr enades ( i ner t ) ar e pai nt ed bl ack ; pr act i ce gr enades cont ai ni ng a si mul at ed char ge ar e pai nt ed bl ue.
Pr act i ce r i f l e gr enadesar e pai nt ed bl ack wi t h whi t e st enci l i ng. Chemi cal gr enades ar epr i nt ed bl ue- gr ay wi t h i dent i f i cat i on band and mar ki ng i n t he ap-pr opr i at e col or as i ndi cat ed i n chapt er 1, sect i on I I and i n f i gur es I Iand 12. The st abi l i zer assembl y of al l r i f l e gr enades i s pai nt edol i ve- dr ab .
91, PACKI NG.a.
Gr enades t i r e vsual l y packed as . f uzed compl et e r ounds, eachi n an i ndi vi dual f i ber cont ai ner ,
b. Fr agment at i on gr enades ar e packed 15 or 25 cont ai ner s perwooden box_
e. The of f ensi ve hand gr enades ar e packed 50 per wooden box( f i g . 48) , and t he t r ai ni ng gr enades Ar n packed 24 per box.
d. The st andar d packi ng f or r i f l e gr enades i s 10 cont ai ner s perbox ( f i g. 49) , wi t h a suppl y of car t r i dges f or l aunchi ng f r om anyappr opr i at e weapon. j ungl e packi ng i s wat er pr oof ed t o wi t hst andhot humi d cl i mat es,
r .
Gr enade- pr oj ect i on adapt er s or e PAcked 48 per box, wi t h suf f i -ci ent number of var i ous gr enade car t r i dges and posi t i oni ng cl i ps.
93
Por s . 92- 93
9?. DESCHI Pl 1( 1N.
Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
Sect i on I I I
MORTAR AMMUNI TI ON
a. To obt ai n maxi mum accur acy and r ange, pr oj ect i l es f orsmoot h- bor e mor t ar s ar e st abi l i sed by means of f i ns assembl ed t o a; shaf t whi ch i s secur ed t o t he base end of t he pr oj ect i l e; when t he f i nsar e oi ni t t ed. t he pr oj ect i l e t er n( l , , t o t umbl e and be er r at i c i n f l i ght .
I F .
I n gener al , t he ammuni t i on has an adj ust abl e pr opel l i ng char ge,consi st i ng of a number cot pr ohel l ent i ncr ement s, usual l y seal ed i n i ndi -vi dual vel l ophane bags, and an i gni t i on car t r i dge, t o per mi t f i r i ng var i -ous r anges or zones of f i r e. The pr opel l i nt i ncr er nent s ar e at t ached t ot he t i n shaf t or wi t hi n t he f i n bl ades ; t he i gni t i on car t r i dge i s i nser t edi n base end of t he f i n shaf t .
c .
The pr i mer and i gni t i on car t r i dge ar e separ at e el ei nent s.
Thepr i mer i y scr ewed i nt o t he shaf t af t er t f he i gni t i on car t r i dge has beeni nser t ed The assembl y of t he i gni t i on car t r i dge and t he pr opel l enti ncr ement s r n) Ake L117 t he r equi r ed pr opel l i ng char ge . or t he i gni t i oncar t r i si ges al one may be used f or ver y 0- kor t r ange i n t he 60- mmmor t ar and vr i t h t he l i ght - wei ght r ound ( M43A1) i n t he 81- mmmor t ar .
I .
Because t he compl et e r ound ( r i gs_ 50 and 51) i s l oaded i nt ot he mor t ar as a uni t end pr ovi si on i s made f or adj ust i ng t he pr opel -l i ng char ge, ammuni t i on of t hi s t ype comes wi t hi n t he cl assi f i cat i onof ser ni f i xed ammuni t i on.
93. CL. i SSI V' I CATl l 1N.a.
Accor di ng t o t he pur pQ_w f pr whi ch i t i s i nt ended, mor t ar am-r nuni t i on i s cl assi f i ed as hi gh- expl osi ve, smoke, i l l umi nat i ng, pr act i ce,or t r ai ni ng .
h,
Hi gher xpl uni ve mor t ar sl t el l ar e used f or f r agment at i on ordemol i t i on ef f ect , accor di ng t o t he act i on of t he f uze and desi gn ofshel l .
r .
Smoke shel l cont ai n chemi cal f i l l er s .d.
I l l umi nat i ng shel l ar e i nt ended f or si gnal i ng and i l l umi nat i ngpur poses .
r .
Pr act i ce shel l may have a spot t i ng char ge or may be i ner t .f . Tr ai ni ng pr oj ect i l es ar e pr ovi ded f or t r ai ni ng and pr act i ce_
They ar e i ner t and may be f i r ed mor e t han once. Sever al pr opel l i ngchar ges an, l f sns ar e f i uppl i ed f or each pr oj ect i l e,
TM 9- 1900
TM 9- 1900
Par . 93Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
- OLI VF DRAB-( MARKI NG I N YELLOW)
HE SHELL, M49A2, W. ` PD FUZE, M52
PRACTI CE SHELL, l A50A2, WPD FUZE, MS2
WP SMOKE SHELL, M302, W: PD NZE, ME2
BLACK - ' MARKf NG I N WHJTEjTRAI NI NG SHELL, M69
i t
DRAB GRAY ; MARKJr 1G " I N YELLOW) - r r -
, X I Xt I V1=DRAB
GRAY ( MARKI NG 1N RI ACK)c
I LLI } MI NATI NGSI AELL r OA83A1, WTI ME FUZEr I Nf i a
RA PD 644185Fi gur e 50 - 60- mmMor t ar Ammuni t i on
- OLI VE DRAB ?wAAKWC WrE[ I VW;
Z2. 85 MAX. - - - - - - ,-OLI VE DKA13 , `M4RKVG JH YEUOW' ' F -
Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
X. - BLACK f4i , ar r r r - JG m, WHU)
TRAFHI MG SHELL, M441
HE SHELL, M43A1, W. PD FUZE. M5Z
HE SNFLL, M56, W.. - ' PD FUZE, M53Af
HE SHELL. M56, W: TSQFUZE, M77
WPSMOKESHELL, AA57, W; PD FUZE, M52
f i gur e 51 - 8a-mmMor t ar Ammuni t i onso
RA PO 64+49A
I YhA+?ses oi l Ar i mmi ni f i oYl
- 30i i E- I <I L?I NG t ' I hl CJF . LZE
BORE- RI DI K' . 3 FI I J ; Pf l I Fdi 1
Fi gur e 52 - 60- mmMor t ar Shel l Bei ng Fi r ed; sr . , X o - sa - 5
19
Par . 93
C: r gRses of Ammuni t i on
90
TM 4- 1400
Ga
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TM 9. 1900
Par . 93
RX1&ssXsof l XYnr r t al ni Xi Qn
41
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a
a
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W. Qst i
Fur s. 94- 9f iCl asses of Ammuni t i on
TM 9- 19OG
94. .
N11 ; THO1) ( ) N' PROJECTI ON.
The r ound i s dr opped i nt o t hemor t ar t ul , E: and upr i n r eachi ng t he bot t omof t he mor t ar , t he r ound' spr i mer i mpi nges upon t he f i r i ng pi n of t he mor t ar .
Thi s i mpact set sof f t he i gni t i on car t r i dge and pr opel l i ng char ge, and t he ggs pr oducedf or ces t he r ound f r omt he mor t ar ( f i g . s2) . The br , ur r el et , or gas-check band, pr event s pr act i cal l y al l t he gas f r om escapi ng past t heshel l , and pr ovi des 2 hear i ng, sur f ace f or t he r ound i n i t s t r avelt hr ough t he bor ( , - ,
A bar n- r i di ng pi n i n t he f uze of t he shel l pr event st he f uze f r om bet : oi ni ng ar med unt i l af t er i t l eaves t he bor e of t heweapon,
95 . VRFCAI TI ONX I N HAN1) LI Nh,a.
Compl et e r ounds : par t i cul ar l y r ounds wi t h f uzes, wi l l be handl ed wi t h car e at al l t i mes,
Expl c, si ve el ement s i n f uses and pr i nt er sar e par t i cul ar l y sensi t i ve V) shack and hi gh ' t emper at ur e.
b.
Do out br eak t h4 moi st ur e- r esi st ant seal on t he f i ber cont ai nerunt i l ammuni t i on i s t o be used.
e. The saf et y wi r e wi l l be wi t hdr awn f r om t he f uze onl y j ustbef or e f i r i ng and at no ot her t i me- Be cer t ai n t he Wr e- r i di ng pi n i si n pl ace i n t he f uze at t he t i me t he shel l i s ( Anapped i n t he mor t ar .
d. When l oadi ng muzzl e- f ed mor t ar s, t he r ound i s i nser t ed i nt ot he mor t ar . Car t r i dge end f i r st . When t he shel l i s r el eased t o sl i dedown t he bar r al , t he hands shoul d be pr ompt l y r emoved f r om t hemuzzl e.
e. Duds shoul d not be handl ed or moved. Eecausc- t hei r f uxeear e ar med, t hey shoul d be dest r oyed i n pl ace as descr i bed i nchapt er 4 of t hi s manual .
96.
PACKI NG ANI ) MARKI NG.a,
Packi ng.
Except t r ai ni ng ammuni t i on, whi ch may be r equi si -t i oned by compot t ent 3, mor t ar ammuni t i on i n t he st t i al l er cal i ber s i spacked as assembl ed Ca7mpl et e r ounds . Each r ound i s packed i n ani ndi vi dual f i ber cont ai ner , and t hen i n sui t abl e out er packi ng.
I n t hecase of 60- mm and S1- mmmor t ar ammuni t i on, cl over - l eaf bundl es,wooden box, or met al cont ai ner s have been i n use.
The met al con-t ai ner ( f i gs . 53 and 54) i s now t he st andar d packi ng f or t hi s ammuni -t i on, but i s r eser ved f or shi pment t o cer t ai n t heat er s,
h,
r Aar ki ng. I n addi t i on t o t he pai nt i ng whi ch i dent i f i es t heammuni t i on as t o t ype, t he f ol l owi ng i nf or mat i on i s st enci l ed ot r t hepr oj ect i l es :
Cal i ber and t ype of mor t ari n whi ch f i r ed
Ki nd of f i l l erModel of shel lAnununi t l on l ot number
92
TM 9- 1904
PbY_ 47Gl asses of Ammuni t i on
9" . GENERAL,
Sect i on I V
ARTI LLERY AMMUNI TI ON
x .
Gaupl et e r ound .
The t er m " ar t i l l er y ammuni t i on" r ef er s t r yammuni t i on, except r ocket s, n- kar t ar ammuni t i on, and shat f t ur t shel l s .used i n weapo+t i s havi ng; A bor e di amet er of mor e t han 0. 60 i nch. Acompl et e r ound of : ar t i l l er y ammuni t i on compr i ses al l of t he com-ponent s necessar y t o f i r e u weapon once and t o cause t he pr oj ect i l et o f unct i on at t he desi r ed t i me and pl ace ( bl ank and dr i l l r oundsexcept ed) ,
These component s i r e, i n gener al , t he pr oj ect i l e, t he f uze,t he pr opel l i ng char ge, and t he pr i mer , Dependeat upon bot h t het ype of pr opel l i ng char ge and t he met hod of l oadi ng 4%t ) t hL' weapon,f, ur npl et e r ounds of ar t i l l er y ammuni t i on ar e known as f i xed, semi -f i xed, or separ at e- l oadi ng ( f i g. 55) .
l r .
Cu1npanent s of n Coui pl et e r ound.( 1) PROJECi ' I LE. The pr oj ect i l e i ; -. : vj " f ed f r om a v. r eapon by
t he gas pr os:. i ur e devel oped by t he bur ni ng pr opel l i ng char ge. Ot hert er ms used i n speci f i c nomencl at ur e of cer t ai n i t er ns i n pl ace of" pr oj ect i l e, " ar c- " ghel l " and shot . "
( " )
Fu2E.
A f uze i s a mechani cal r l cvi ee asseml >l ed t o a pr o-j ect i l e t v CAUSe i t t o [ U13C( UJr l at t he t i me ant i under t he ci r cumst ancesdesi r ed .
( 3) PROPELLI NG CHARGE. The pr opel l i ng char ge consi st s of achar ge of smokel ess powder i n a car t r i dge case, cl ot h bag, or bot h.
(. 4)
PRI ME?, A, pr i mer i s used t o i ni t i at e t he i gni t i on of a pr opel -l i ng char ge. I t canSi st s essent i al l y of A sr naI I quant i t y of sensi t i veexpl osi ve and a char ge of bl ack powder .
c,
Fi xed ai nmuui t i un .
Compl et e r ounds i n whi ch t he pr opel l i ngchar ge i s f i xed, t hat i s, not adj ust abl e, and whi ch ar e l oaded i nt o aWeapon i l l one oper at i on, ar e known as " f i xed" ammuni t i on, Asusual l y desi gned, t he pr opel l i ng char ge i s l oose i n a car t r i dge casewhi ch i s cr i mped r i gi dl y t o t he pr oj ect i l e,
The pr i mer i s f i t t ed i nt ot he baae of t he car t r i dge case. For cer t ai n cal i per s, r ounds of f i xedammuni t i on ar e t er med cur t r i dJes_
i i .
Senni f i xed ammuni t i on,
Thi s t ype of r ound i s char act er i sedby t he l oose f i t of t he car t r i dge f al se aver t he pr oj ect i l e so t hat t hepr opel l i ng char ge may he accessi bl e f or adj ust ment f or zone f i r i ng,Li ke f i xed ammuni t i on, i t i s l oaded i nt o t he weapon i n one oper at i on .I n t he usual desi gn of t hi s t ype of ammuni t i on, t he pr opel l i ng char gei s di vi ded i nt o r eot i onc, each consi st i ng of pr opel l ent powder i r i a bag.To adj ust t he pr opel l i ng cher gF, t he pr oj ect i l e i s l i f t ed f r omt he car -t r i dge case, t he sect i ons of i ncr ement s not r equi t ed ar e r emoved, and
93
Par , 97
TM 9- 1900
Gl nnncs of Amr r r ut t i t i ot 2
, A- Ft , ,ZEE- BOOSTER£- FUZE' , ' , ' ELL LI NERD- ; HELLE- CGI VEF- daJf t f i =LETG- BUR. i TW, C} 1AI { 3EH - RJTA' I ' JL WAD1- CRI MPJ
EP, S°_ C{ JvERK- CARTRI D; E CASEL - PROPLLLI I 4C. CHAR EM- PRWERH
LI Fr t r q ; ; PLUGD- GROW, LJETP- COTTER. P1 N %I VI TH PU- L
I NZ3Q- KI Nf f ER
7
aSELi t FI XEDAMt i 1UNI TI OH
SEPARATE- LOADI NG Ai u, 1UNmON
f i gur o 55 - - Types of Compl et e Rounds of dr t i l Jsr y Ammuni t i on44
RAPO80671AII
TM 9- 1904
Par t . 97- 99
t he pr oj ect i l e i s r eassembl ed t o t he car t r i dge cash,
As i n f i xed ar n.r nuni t i ( Fn, t he pr i mer i s assembl ed i n t he base of t he car t r i dge case.The 1( ) 5- mm howi t zer HEAT r our - Lcl i 4 a speci al t ype i n t hat t hec: 7har ge i s f i r ed, t hat i s, not adj ust abl e; t he car t r i dge cwSe and pr oj ec-t i l e ar e not cr i mped t oget her i n t hi s i nst anco be4Huse of t he met hodof packi ng.
e,
SepKr al v- l oad i ng ammuni t i on.
COMpi et e r ounds i n whi cht he sepCr ot e cumpr j nent s- f uzed pr { - i j ect i l e, pr opel l i ng char ge, andpr i mer - ar e l oaded i nt o t he %Ver spr t n separ at el y ar e known as " r ep.ar et e- l oadi ng" er ci r r i uvi t i ci n,
Al t hough t he pr opXel l i ng char ge may bei n anV F, ecl j COr l , i t i s usual l y dj Er i de : J i 2l i f l sect i ons wi t h each sect i ona Xeml Xl ed i n a bag.
I n t he case ( I f " separ at ed" ammuni t i on ( f i gs, 5and 5r } ) , t he pr opel l i ng char ge i s cont ai ned i n a car t r i dge case, butt he pr oj ect i l e { ` Hr nr r ot be f i t t ed i nt o t he car t r i dge case r i nd i s l oadedi nt o t he weapon separ at el y,
98.
I : LASSI FI CATI ON.a. Ar t i l l er y ai i t muni t i on i ! ; cassi f i ed accor di ng t o use as ser vi ce,
pr act i ce, bl ank, or dr i l l . I t i s cl assi f i ed accor di ng t o t ype of f i l l er asexpl ( ) ai ve, chemi cal , or i ner t .
I i .
Ser vi ce ai wvuni t i un i s f i r ed f or ef f ect i n Combat . I t may behi gh- expl osi ve, hi gh- expl osi ve- ant i t ank, ar mor - pi er ci ng or ar mor -pi er ci ng " capped ( wi t h or %,Ml i out expl osi ve f i l l er ) , I Dw- axpl osi ve
shr apnel ) , chemi cal ( gr i n or smoke) , i l l umi nat i ng, or i ner t f cani st er ) ,U.
Pr act i ce ammuni t i on i s pr ovi ded f ur t r ai ni ng i n mar ksmanshi p,The Pr oj ect i l e uce( l r Yl ay be i ner t or may have H spot t i ng Char ge ofbl ack powder .
I L Bl ank 4mct t uni t i ot l i s pr ovi ded i n smal l snr l medi um cal i ber sf or sbl ut i ng pur pr ases and si mul at ed f i r c, .
I t has nb pr oj ect i l e.e.
Dr i l l of dummy :. ammuni t i on i s pr ovi ded f or pr act i ce i n l oadi ngand handl i ng ( " ser vi ce of t he pi ece" ) . I t i s compl et el y i ner l ,
99. I DENTI FI CATI ON.
Cr f l sses of Ammuni t i on
: v .
I n common wi t h ot her hypes, ar t i l l er y an] enuni t Wr l i s i dent i f i edby pai nt i ng sod mar ki ng. For t he basi c col or scheme, see chapt er 1.sect i on I I , The mar ki ng on t he pr oj ect i l e ( f i gs_ 2, 3, 57, end 58)i ncl udes
( 1)
Ami nuni t i on I dent i f i cat i on Code ( AI C) symbol - - , n sepa-r at e- l oadi ng shel l .
( 2)
Cal i ber and t ype of weapon i n whi ch f i r ed ( ' 15 H, " " 155 G, "et c, ) .
( 3)
Ki nd of f i l l er ( " TNT., " ` WP SMOKE, " et c . ) ,( 4) Type and model of pr oj ect i l e { " SHELL, M60, " " PROJ .
APC- T, M61AI , " et c. ) ,
Cj a55B5 Rf AT7i f 1Tl Xn7Xt Gn
94
TM4- 19 O
TM 4- 1' 9M
Pam' i 9- 144
Cl asses of Amr nuni l i or r
( 5)
Wei ght - zone mar ki ng ( cr osses on 75- mmshel l and squar esvn l ar ger - cal i ber shel l ; gquar es on separ at e- l oadi ng shel l have pr i ckpunches i n t hei r cent er s) or wei ght i n pounds .
( 6)
Ammuni t i on l ot number of f i l l ed pr oj ect i l e and i n some casesl oader ' s i ni t i al s.
h.
Si mi l ar i nf or mat i on i s mar ked on ot her component s . Fur t heri nf or mat i on i s gi ven i n per t i nent Techni cal Manual s and Fi el dManual s.
r , Mar ki ngs ar e st enci l ed on car t r i dge cases of 75- mm, 76- mud,and 3- i nch ammuni t i on t o i zi di cat e t he t ype of pr opel l i ng char ge.These mar ki ngs ar e i l l ust r at ed i n f i gur e 4 f or 75- r um gun r ounds.
J .
An except i on t o t l t i e basi c col or scheme i s t he case of Mmmammuni t i on; t he hi gh- expl osi ve- i ncendi ar y pr oj ect i l e has a r eef bodyand yel l ow ogi ve. Some t ar get - pr act i ce pr oj ect i l es of l ar ger cal i berar e pai nt ed bl ack ; when r epl acement or r epai nt i ng i s r equi r ed, t heywi l l be pai nt ed bl ue i n accor dance wi t h basi c col or scheme.
! ( l ( 1, Yf l Cl ) El TI LES.a .
{ : mi ner al .
Wi t h a f ew except i ons, ar t i l l er y pr oj ect i l es ar e oft he same gener al shape, t hat i s, t hey have a cyl i ndr i cal body, sol i dor hol l ow, and an cgi val head. ( Cani st er and base- i gni t i on smokeshel l have bl unt heads. )
The pr oj ect i l es var y i n l engt h f r om a t o6 cal i ber s. The pr i nci pal char act er i st i c di f f er ences ar e :
( 1)
Locat i on of f uzes- - - poi nt or base.( 2) Radi us of ogi ve snal l er f or l ow- vel oci t y, l ar ger f or hi gh.
vel oci t y pr oj ect i l es.( 3) Rot at i ng band- nar r ow f or l ow- vel oci t y, wi de f or hi gh-
vel oci t y pr oj ect i l es.( 4) Base t aper ed ( " boat - t ai l ed" ) or cyl i ndr i cal ( " squar e" }
base.( 5)
Ar mor - pi er ci ng cap- - - used onl y wi t h ar mor - pi er ci ng pr oj ec-t i l es .
( 6)
Wi ndshi el d ( bal l i st i c cap or f al se ogi ve) - when r equi r ed f ori mpr oved bal l i st i cs .
( 7) Fi l l er - - - hi gh expl osi ve,par achut e assembl y, or ot her s,
gasp smoke, i l l umi nant candl e and
b. Component b.{ 1)
OGr vE AND WI NDSHI ELD.
The cur ved por t i on of t he pr oj ec-t i l e f r omt he bour r el et t o t he poi nt i s cal l ed t he ogi ve. The r adi usof t he ogi ve i s somet i mes expr essed i n cal i ber s, t he cal i ber bei ng t hedi amet er of t he bor e of t he gun,
The r adi us of t he ogi ve i nf l uencest he f l i ght of t he pr oj ect i l e and i n pr esent desi gns gener al l y var i esf r om6 t o kf _ cal i ber s.
Si nce ar mor - pi er ci ng pr oj ect i l es have a shor t17
Par _ 100
0Ame6 of Ar r r r nuni t i or l
A-WEI GHT ZphI E MARK?NGB- WEI GHT To NEAREST LB.C-CALI BERAND TYPE OF WEAPj WD- - KI NDOF FI LLERE - - . LOT NUMBER OF LOADED ' - , HELLF- A. I . C. SYMBULG- TYPEAND MCI OEL OF SHELL
A.I . C. SYMSPI EDAIAPPEARS ONt EVERSE SI D
TM 4. 19oo
RA PD d5199B
FJgur e 57 - Mar ki ng of Separ at e- f ocdi ng Sl hef f - As Shi pped
9+!
TM 9- 190D
Par . 100
Ci assf - s of . ar naur ni t i on
A- ONE YELLC1` 6` EI t i Nb I NDI CATESSMOKE
S- T1vOGREEN BANDS I NDI CATEPERSI STENT GAS
WEI GHT ZONE MARKI NG
CyLI BER ANDTYPE OF CANNON
LOT NUMBER_X
RA PD 65200A
f r gur o S8- Mot ki ny of Separ at e- i oudi n9 Shot ) - As Shi pped ( Cont i r t ued)
94
Par . 140
TM 9- 1904
Gasses of Ammuni t i on
HI GH. EXPLOSI VE SHELL
I FUZE ANDi SCOSTER
C6I %i E r ' , NUUNI ON 8, SSE1APL' r
Bt ) R5nk CASI NGS
RVf t yTEK CHARGE
HI GH- EXPLOSI VE- AHTSTAHKSHELL
BI JRSTM. TYPE CHEMI CAL S ELL
BLACK PDWDf R EXPELLI NG CHARGEBASE- FJECT14N SMOKE SHELL
SPACI NG DI SC
PELLET CHARGE
' SMOKE MI XTUREBA5E, J, CzH17i 0N SMOKE SHELL
100
RA PD 97762
Fi gwe 59- t ypi cal Hi gh- expl osi ve, Hi gh- expl osi ve- ant i t uA, andchemf i cpl Pi oj ecl i l es
TM 9- 1900
Par _ 1Gt ?Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
r adi us of ogi ve f or pur px) ses of penet r at i on, a wi ndshi el d, pf t en cal l eda bal l i st i c cap or f al se ogi ve, i s pl aced over t he ar mor - pi er ci ng headt o i mpr ove t he bal l i st i c qual i t i es,
( 3)
BOURRELET, The hour r el et i s t he accur at el y machi ned sur -f ace, of sl i ght l y l ar ger di amet er t hen t he body, whi ch bear s on t hel ends of t he bor e of t he weapon.
I t Cent er s t he pr oj ect i l e i n i t s t r avelt hr ough t he bor e. Gener al l y, i t i s at t he f or war d end of t he body,but i t may ext end f r om t t t e ogi ve t o t he boat - t ai l ed base. Somepr oj ect i l es of Wl e cal i ber have a f r ont and r ear bour r el et ,
( 3)
BODY_ Whi l e appl i cabl e t o t he ent i r e pr oj ect i l e, t he t er m" body" i s used t o desi gnat e t he cyl i ndr i cal por t i on of t he pr oj ect i l ebet ween t he bour r el et and t he r ot at i ng band.
I t i s machi ned t o asmal l er di amet er t han t he bour r el et t o r educe t he sur f ace i n cont actwi t h t he l ands of t he bor e. Onl y t he bour r el et and r ot at i ng bandb,&at Lm t he l ands,
( 4)
ROTATI NG BAND. The r ot at i ng band i s a cyl i ndr i cal r i ng ofTopper or gi l di ng met al , pr essed i nt o a knur l ed or r oughened gr o<wenear t he base of t he pr oj ect i l e,
' [ t af f or ds a snug seat f or t he pr oj ec-t i l e i n t he f or ci ng; come of t he weapon and cent er s t he base i n t hebor e. As t he pr oj ect i l e moves f or war d, t he sof t r ot at i ng band i sengr aved by t he l ands of t he bor e.
Because of compr essi on of t heband. excessi ve met al Mows t owar d t he r ear . Thi s f l ow of met al i st aken up by gr ooves cut i n t he r ot at i ng band, Si nce t he r i f l i ng oft he weapon i s hel i cal , t he engr avi ng of t he band i mpar t s r ot at i on t ot he movi ng pr oj ect i l e. The r ot at i ng band al so pr event s t he escapeof t he pr opel l ent gases f or war d of t he pr oj ect i l e by compl et el y f i l l i nft he gr ooves cf t he r i f t i ng_
( 5)
TYPE OF BASE,
When t he sur f ace t o t he r ear of t he r ot at i ngband i s t aper ed or coni cal . i t i s known as " boat - t ai l ed" , when cyl i n-dr i cal , t he pr oj ect i l e i s descr i bed as havi ng a " squar e base, "
( 6)
13A$E PLUG, To f eci l i t st e r nanki f act ur e, ar mor - pi er ci ng pr o-j ect i l es ar e cl osed at t he base wi t h a heavy st eel pl ug, I n t he l amercal i ber s, t he base pl ug adapt er al so pr avi de: X a, seat f or t he base pl ugaf l ( l r aze. I n t he smal l er cal i ber s, i f an expl osi ve char ge i s l oaded i nt he cavi t y of t he pr oj ect i l e. t he base pl ug i s r epl aced by a base f uze.I f no expl osi ve i 4 pr esent i n t he smal l er cal i ber pr oj ect i l e, t he basepl ug cont ai ns t he t r acer el ement ,
( ?) BASE Gt ) vkx . The 20- mm pr oj ect i l es end pr oj ect i l es of75- mr n or I Ar ger cal i ber cont ai ni ng hi gh expl osi ve, ar e pr ovi ded wi t ha base cover t o pr event t he hot gases of t he pr opel l i ng char ge f r omcor ni ng i nt o cont act wi t h t he expl osi ve f i l t er of t he pr oj ect i l e t hr oughj oi nt s or possi bl e f l aws i n t he met al of t he base. The base coverconsi st s of a t hi n met al di sc whi ch may be t al ked, cr i mped, or wel dedt o t he base of t he shel l . Smal l - cal i ber and medi um- cal i ber ar mor -pi er ci ng pr oj ect i l es wi t h hi gh- expl osi ve f i l l er and base f uzes ar e notor di nar i l y pr ovi ded wi t h base cover s,
Par . 100
TM 9- 1900CI a, 5 . w. S of Ammuni t i on
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RA PD p776. 3
Fi gur e 61 - - Typi cal Ar mor . pi er t ; ng and CQni sr ar Pr oj ect i l es
P
I
Par . 100
TM 9- 1900
Cl asses of Ar nmuni t i on
pl r J SCREWBASE
BLLLE' JI LLE SPRI NTyCASTLE NUT
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- - - - 22. 0 MAX. 21 . MI N-
-
P- TY I CAL SEPARATE - LOAD[ Pi G DUMMY PBOPELUNG CHARGE
Fi gur e 62- Dr i Uand Dummy Ammu' r i f 10n
19t
RA PD 090SA
7M 9- 1900
Par . 100Cl asses cal Ammuni t i on
( 8) TRACER, For ol ) sr ' r vX*t i on of f i r e, some pr oj ect i l es er eequi pped wi t h a t r k4Kr el ement i n t he hose of t he pr oj ect i l e- I n mostsmal l er - cal i l - xr ant i ai r cr af t shel l , t he ' t r ocnr i s used t o i gni t e t he f i l l erand dest r oy t he shel l shoul d 4 mi ss t he t ar get - Such a t r acer i s cal l ed" shel l - dest r oyi ng ( SD) , `
e, TypeB of pr oj cd- l i l em.( 1) HI GH- EXPLC1S1VE ( HE) 9KELL, Thi s pr al ect i l e ( f i g. 59) ,
n-i adv of coonr ncm f or ged st eel , 1 -t as mr npar at i vel y t hi n vl al i s and al ar ge bur st i ng char ge of hi gh expl osi ve. I t i s used agai nst per sonneland mat er i al t ar get s, pr oduci ng bl ast and/ or mi ni ng ef f ect and I ' r ag-ment at i on at t he t ar get . I t may t : a f i t t ed wi t h ei t her a t i me or i mpactf i ne, 013 a concr et e- pi er ci ng f i ne, accor di ng t o t ype of act i on desi r ed.
( 2)
Hi c; H- Y_xP1- 0R1VE- ANTI TANK ( HE, AT) SHELi -
Thi s i s a spe-ci al t ype of shel l ( f i g- 59) cont ai ni ng a hi gh- expl osi ve char ge f or useagai nst ar mor pl at e. I t s ef f ect i s dependent upon t he t ype andshape of t he char ge, I t has a coni cal wi ndshi el d whi ch pr ovi desst at ed- of f f ar t he char ge, and a byse- det onat i ng f uze havi ng nnndel ayact i on,
( 3)
CHEMI CAL 9HELL. Ther e ar e t hr ee genecul t ypes of chemi -cal shel l ( f i g- 59) : bur st er , base- ej ect i on ( $E) , and base- i gni t i on( , BI ) .
( a)
Bur st er , The bur st er t ype i y &i mi l ar t o hi gh- expl osi ve shel l ,except f or t he t ype of f i l l i l r Ar i d t he absence of x base cover . Aneacpi csi ve char ge, t er med a bur st er , and l ocat ed cent r al l y- i n t he shel l ,i s used t o br eak t he shel l body and ai d i n di sper si on of t he chemi calf i l l er .
( b) Base- ej ect i on ( BE) . Ease- ej ect i on shel l whi ch ar e set t of unct i on i n f l i ght do not have x bur st er , but hove an expel l i ng char geof bl ack powder , adj ncet i t t o t he t i me f uze. Thi s expel l i ng char ge,when i gni t ed by t he f uze, i gni t es t he smoke mi xt ur e of t he cani st er s,st r i ps t he t hr eads of t he base pl ug, and f or ces t he cani st er s f r omt hebase of t he shel l .
( c) Base- i gr t i t i or X ( BI X, Base- i gni t i on ( base- emi ssi on) smokeshel l have no bumt er or expel l i ng, char ge. The smoke mi xt ur e i si gni t ed t oy t he pr opel l i ng char ge t hr ough a hol e hi t he base of t hepr oj ect i l e. Shel l of ear l y manuf act ur e have a l ow- mel t i ng- poi ntf usi bl e met al pl ug i n t he base hol e, whi l e shel l of l at er manuf act ur ehave del ay pel l et s of bl ack powder . The act i on of t he del ay pel l etpr event s di scl osur e of t he gt l n posi t i an by t he smoke,
( 4)
I LLUMI NAT646 sHuLL. These shel l ( f i g. 6f } ) cont ai n a par a-chut e and ar t i l l umi nant assembl y whi ch ar e ej ect ed by an expel l i ngchar ge adj acent t o t he t i me f uze i n a manner si r ni l ar t o base- ej ect i onsmoke shel l - The i l l umi nant suspended by t he par achut e bur ns,l i ght i ng up a t ar get ar ea.7761810- I n- r i
105
Par . 100
T141 9- 1900
Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
( 5) AR1v1OR- PI ERCI NG PROJECTI LE ( AP oR APE. ) .Ar mor - pi er ei ng pr oj ewt i l es ( f i g- 61) ar e made of t i oat - t r eat ed
hi gh ar br - , n yl l ( sy st eel _ Thi s l «Hd i s vcf ; y har d f ur penet r at i on ofar mor qr Ld t he body i s t ough t o +. vi t hst and t he st r ai ns i mpoLwd byi mpact and t he t Wi St ] ng a[ - t i uct of t he gr oj ect i l u at angl es Of i n -I pi cta} ) I I Cl ue t o ci r Mal . A wi ndshi el dl i s gc! nc! r al l y se- our ed t o t he ar r r i or -pi er ci i i g cap or t he head of t he pr j ) j L" ct i l e t q gi ve i ml >r oX' ed bal l i st i cs.A t r acer may he pr esent i n t he base pl ug or i t i t he base end of t hef uze.
( h) Ar mor - pi er ci ng pr oj eCl i l es bUVi n& no 1Li gh- expl osi ve f i l l ermHy be sol i d ur may have a sr nr - 4411 cavi t y i n t he body_ When t hecavi t y i s f i l l ed wi t h expl osi ve D, t he pr oj ect i l e, ar e f i t t ed wi t h adet ongt i ng f uze havi ng a del ay act i on.
( c .)
' r hu t er m " ani i cr - pi yr ci ng- capped" ( API =: ) r ef er s t o a shot orH I Jr oj ect i l y wi t h an or at or - pi er ci ng cap f or use especi al l y i n penet r ati ng f ace- har dened ar mor pl at e .
The cap i s of f or ged al l oy st eel , heat -t r eat e. d t o have a har d f r t " and a r el at i vel y waf t cor e. On i mpact ,t he har dened f ace of t he cap dest r oys t he har dened sur f ace of t hear mor - pl at e, whi l e t he sof t er cur e of t he cap pr ot ect s t he har denedpoi nt of t he pr oj ect i l e by di st r i but i ng t he i mpact st r esses over a l ar geur ea of t he head,
( t a)
T-I I UH- VELOCI TY ARMOR- PI ERCI NG ' FHOT ( HVAP) . Thi s shat( f i g- 61) i s a hi gh- vel oci t y, l i ght - wei ght pr oj ect i l e havi ng a ver y har dar mor - pi er ci ng cor e of t ungst en car bi de. The t ungst en car l _, i de cor e.a st eel br i sew cont ai ni r i d H t r acer el er nent , an t. l umi num bodY and nosepl ug, and i n al umi numwi ndshi el d cumpr i se t 11e HVAP- T shot _
( 7) CANI STER. Cani st er ( f i g . 61) consi st i ng of a l i ght met alcase. f t l l od +vi t h st eel bal l s i n a mat r i x, col i t ai ns no expl osi ves,
I t i shi er l poi nt - bl o>>k f or ef f ect ggei nst pe3' sonnel .
The case br eaks uponh?HVi ng t he TDuxsl e of t I LP. cannon, And t he bal l s scat t er i n t he mannerof a shot gun shel l .
( 8)
SHRAPJVL_L.
Shr apnel ar e poi nt - f uzed pr oj ect i l es wi t h a COM-bi »at i on t i me and super qui ck f uze or a t i me f ue. e, An expel l i ngchar ge of Y) l ack powdt ' r i s assembl ed i n t he base.
Acent r al f l ash t ubeconnect s t he f uze and base i - har ge. When t he t i t he f uze has bur nedi t s pr er l et cr ni i ned l i me. t he r nag4zi ne char ge f l ashes t hr ough t he cen-t r al t ube t o i gni t e t he base cl i Ar ge,
Thi s r esul t s i n t l 3e ej ect i on of t hest eel di aphr agm- bal l s, head, and f uze f r omt he case. The case i s notr upt ur ed. The bai l s ar e pr oj ect ed f or war d i n t he f or m of a cone,due t o r ot Hl i onal vel oci t y,
TARGET PRAC71-I CE.
( a)
f act - i r on 0knt and sand- l oaded shel l of t he same Si ze, shape,Ht t d wei ght wX t he ser vi cF shel l i t si mul at es ar e pr ovi ded f or t ar getpr : j ct i cN_ Some model s may have a smal l quant i t y of bl ack powder
104
TM9- 1900
Par s . 10a- 101Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
t o ser ve as a spot t i ng Char ge.( b)
Subcal i ber ammuni t i on coi i si st a of compl et e r ounds of smel lcal i ber or smal l - ar eas Car t r i dges used i n pr act i ce f i r i ng of l ar ger -cal i ber weapons . The subcal i ber ammuni t i on i s f i r ed f r omweaponsf l , t ecl ei t her on t op of or i n t he bor e of t he l ar ger weapon,
The use( i f szubcal i ber guns and ammuni t i on pr ovi des l ow- cost ammuni t i onf or t r ai ni ng gun cr ews, avoi ds wear of t he maj or weapon dur i ngpr act i ce, and per mi t s f i r i ng wher e r ange l i mi t at i ons exi st .
( 10)
DxI LL OR PUNI MY.
I ner t pr oj ect i l es and compl et e r ounds( f i g. 62) f or t r ai ni ng ar e known as dr i l l or dummy ammuni t i on. Theyar e used f or t r ai i i i ng aj ul pr act i ce i n handl i ng shel l and i n ' ' ser vi ce oft he pi ece, "
101 . FUT, k: S.u.
Ccner al .
An ar t i l l er y f uze ( f i gs. 63 t hr ough 6( i ) i s a mechan-i cal devi ce used wi t h a pr oj ect i l e t o cause i t t o f unct i on at t he t i me: j i xi under t he ci r cur nst ances desi r ed .
1o .
CI 9Ye4l f i vHt i on .( 1 )
Fuzes ar e cl assi f i ed accor di ng t o posi t i on on t he pr oj ect i l eas " poi nt " or ' base. ' They ar e f ur t her cl assi f i ed as " t i me" or " i mpact , "car a combi nat i on of bol l s . Tune f uze cont ai n ei t her a cl ockwor kmechHni smor a gr edual ed t i me el ement i n t he f or m of A compr essedbl ack- powder t r ai n whi ch mt ay be set t o a pr edet er mi ned t i me pr i ort o Br i ng. I mpact f uzes f unct i on on i mpact wi t h t hey t ar get . I f t hef uze i s desi gned t o f unct i on on i mpact wi t h a ver y l i ght mat er i elt ar get . such as an , ai r pl ane wi ng, i t i s cal l ed °' super - sensi t i ve, "
I mpactf uzes ar e f ur t her cl assi f i ed as Ruper qui cl { , nondel ay, or del ay. Del ayon i mpact f uzes i s usual l y 0. 05, 0. 15, or 0_025 seconds. These t er msar e used i n r ef er ence t o t l u " Act i on at t he i nst ant of i mpact . wher eas` ' t i me" r ef er s t o l engt h of t i me f r om t he i nst ant of t he f i r i ng of t heweapon t o t he i nst ant of t he f unct i oni ng of t he f uze.
( 2) Sel ect i vo- t ype f uzes have t i me act i on or mor e t hen onet ype of act i on, f or exampl e, super qui ck and del ay, t i me and super -qui ck ( TSQ) , Such f uzes can be adj ust ed i n t he f i el d f or t he t ypeof act i on desi r ed. Ti me f uzes can he set t o f unct i on at any desi r edt i r ne of f l i ght af t er f i r i ng by t ur ni ng a t i me r i ng.
c,
Saf et y f eat ur es.( 1)
Ar t i l l er y f uzes cont ai n saf et y devi ces whi ch t end t o pr eventf unct i oni ng unt i l af t er t he f uze has bean subj ect ed t o cent r i f ugaland set - back f ar ces, af t er t he r ound t o whi ch i t i s assembl ed i s f i r ed.
( 2) Cer t ai n f uzes ar e consi der ed t o be " bor esaf e, " A bor esaf e( det onat or - saf e) f uze i s one i n whi ch t he expl osi ve t t ` ai r l i s so i nt er -r upt ed t hat pr i or t o f i r i ng and whi l e t he pr oj ect i l e i s st i l l i n t hebor e of t he gun, pr emat ur k expl osi on of t he shel l i s pr event ed shoul dany of t he mor e sensi t i ve el ement s, pr i mer and/ or det onat or ,
107
Par . 101
M43 MECHANI CAL TI ME
MS4 TI MEGSQ
Gl asses of Ar r i mr uni t i on
t ,
+o
1019
TM4- 1900
M4BA3 SQ AND aI 5- SEC. DELAY
M$7 SQRA PD 99326A
Fi gur e 63 - Fazes f or Fi xed and Semi f i xed Ar amunbr an
I M 4- 19M
Par , 101C1esses of Anur r unf t i - pn
M51MPD FUZE , 1 SEC DELAY
MS5A3 TXQFUZE
M67A3 MECHANI CAL TI ME FUZE
Fi gur e 64 - Fuzes f or Seper r at e" l oodf ng Ammuni t i on109
RA PD 893ZZA
Par . 1' 01
Ci wses of Ammuni t i on
TAI L 9- 1900
RA Pb 144830
Fi gur e 65 - Boost er M25 and Cor ncr ef e- pi er ci nq Fuze M78
mal f unct i on.( 3)
Fuzes of t hu i mpact t ype ar e ar med by cent r i f t l gAl or wt -back f or ce, or a combi nat i on of hot h, act i ng on par t s of t he f uzeaf t er t he pr oj ect i l e l eaves t he muzzl e of t he gun. The t i me el ementof t i me f uzes i s i ni t i at ed at t he i r i st nnt of f i r i ng by set - back ( t hat i s,t he ef f ect of i ner t i a) .
To pr event acci dent al ar mi ng i n bandkng ar dshi ppi ng. saf et y novi ces such as a saf et y wi r e or cot t er pi n may byused, Such saf et y devi ces muA he r emoved bef or e f i r i ng, .
Fi gur e 66 - - Rocket Fuze Mi l tRA PD 104831
TM 9- 1900
Par %. 102- 143Cl a4aes of Ammuni t i on
102,
ADAPTERS . x' 41? R0OSTERS,
Adapt er s .
I n chemi cal shel l and i n ct t any hi gh- expl osi ve shel lt i t l ar ge cal i ber . openi ngs i n t he nose ar e consi der abl y l ar ger t hanr equi r ed by t he f uzes i n or der t o f aci l i t at e t 1j e manuf act ur e and l oadi ng of t he pr oj ect i l es. For such shel l , a sui t abl y t hr eaded met albushi ng, cel l ed an adapt er , i s necessar y t o r educe t he si ze of t heopeni ng t o conf or mt o t he t hr eaded por t i on of t he f uze. I n chemi calshel l , t he adapt er has an t i ddi t i anal f unct i on, t hat of pr ovi di ng t i gas ,t i ght seal f or t he chemi cal f i l l er _
h.
Hr mker e.
The t er m " huost er " i s appl i ed t o t he expl osi ve el e-ment i n t he bur st i ng- char ge expl osi ve t r ai n whi ch det onat es t he mai nchar ge. The baast er cont ai ns saf et y devi ces t o pr event pr emat ur edet onat i on of t he Mai n char ge, The r oost er char ge may be i ncor -por at ed wi t hi n t hu f uze i t sel f , I t i s usual l y cont ai ned i n a t hi nmet al or pl ast i c casi ng whi ch i s assembl ed t o and handl ed as a uni twi t h t he f uze,
I t may be i nver t ed i n t he shel l dur i ng l oadi ng_
r . l i «r et er a . An auxi l i ar y expl osi ve el ement i n bur st er - t ypechemi cal shel l , whi ch opens t he shel l and di sper ses t he chemi calagent , i s cal l ed a " bur st er . " I t consi t 4t s of a bur st er char ge, a cont ai nerf or t he char ge, r i nd a met al head_ The bur st er as used i s cont ai nedi n a bur st er casi ng i n t he she] L
J,
Adapt r r . hoo ner s.
I n some cases, t he boost er has been com-bi ned wi t h t he adapt er , t he t wo assembl i es t her eaf t er bei ng handl edas a uni t ,
Such combi nat i ons ar e known as adapt er - boost er s . Adapt er -boost er s ar e not ext ensi vel y used i n pr esent - day ar t i l l er y shel l .
103. PROPELLI NG CHARGES,a . Gener al .( 1) I n gener al , pr opel l i ng char ges consi st of a char ge of a
pr opel l ant , wi t h an i gni t er char ge of Bl ack powder , assembl ed i na sui t abl e car t r i dge car ve, cl ot h beg, or bot h.
( 2) PROPELLMNT POWD1=x, Pr opel l ant s ar e descr i bed i n chap-; r 1, sect i on I V.
( 3)
I ONI TER C7t t AxGF. I n f i xed and semi f i xed r ounds, t he i gni t erchar ge of bl ack powder i s pr esent i n t he ar t i l l er y pr i mer . I n " sep-ar at ed" ammuni t i on an auxi l i ar y i gni t er char ge i t ; pl aced ar ound t hepr i mer or on t he di st ance waddi ng t o i nsur e pr oper i gni t i on of t hepr opel l ant
I n separ at e- l oadi ng r OUTI CI S, t he i gni t er char ge i s assem-bl ed i n an i gni t er bag sewed t o t he base end of t he pt Xopel l i ng char geand i n some cases sl , j o f or mi ng a cor e r unni ng t hr ough t he cent erof t he pr opel l i ng char ge bag, Car t r i dge- i gni t er pads ar e made ofcl osel y woven si l k t o pr event ki t e bl ack powder f r omsi f t i ng t hr ough.Cl ot h of cur r ent manuf act ur e used f or t he i gni t er char ge i s dyedl ed t o i ndi cat e t he pr esence of t he bl ack- powder i gni t er . That ofear l wr manuf act ur e ( undyed) i s mar ked " I GNI TER- "
r 1t
gnr , 14
TM 9- 1904 .
Cl esspa of Ar nmuni t i un
TM9- 1400
par . 103Cl asses of Af r i t nuni ci on
( 4)
f 1i ' Lr 5 ( 1F
PRt 1FELLI NC, CHARGE.
Tha t ype of pr opel l i ngt " ht Xr ge r l cpcndr . uhct l t he ki nd of aa-ununi t i on, t hat i s ; f i xed, semi -f i xed, 2nd separ at e- 10> i di ug.
6.
Fi xed and aemi f i xeal 4- har pr s .( 1) CARTRI DGE CASE. A car t r i dge case, made of dr awn br ass
cr st eel , ser ves as t he cont ai ner f or t he pr opel l i ng char ge i n t he caseof f i xed and semi f i xed ar t i l l er y ammuni t i on. I t s pr of i l e and si zeconf or mt o t hat of t he powder char aher of t he weapon f or whi ch t hecase i , i nt ended, The head of t he case i s r el at i vel y t hi ck and has af l ange or gr oove t o per mi t n) echan; eal ext r act i on. Rounds used i naut omat i c guns have car t r i dge cakes wi t h an ext r act i ng gr oove i nst eadof a f l ange or r i m.
The car t r i dge case hol ds t he pr i mer , pr opel l i ngchar ge, and t he pr oj ect i l e t ae, t hat t he assembl y can be i nser t ed i nt ot he weapon i n one oper at i ot , , I t al so pr ovi des f or obt ur at i on, t hati s, i t expands under t he pr essur e of t he bur ni ng pr opel l ent gases ar t dpr event s t he &soape of gas t o t he r ear ,
( 2)
PROPELLI NGCHARGE I N FI XEDAMMUNI TI ON, The pr opel l i ngchar ge i n a r ound of f i xed ammuni t i on i s packed l oosel y i n t he car t r i dgecase. I n some i nst ances wher e t he char ge does not f i l l t he casecompl et el y, a spacer or di st ance waddi ng, usual l y a car dboar d di skand cyl i nder , i s i nser t ed i n t he neck of t he car t r i dge case. bet weent he powder char ge and t he base of t he pr oj ect i l e.
( 3) PROPELLI NG CHARGE I N $
LFLXB. D AMMUNI TI ON. I n semi -f i xed ar t i l l er y ammuni t i on, t he char ge, di vi ded i nt o par t s o* i ncr e.mer i t s f or zone f i r i ng, i s assembl ed i n sever al cl ot h bags . The f ul lchar ge wi t h al l . i ncr ement s" i n pr oper or der , i s assembl ed i n t hecar t r i dge case, whi ch i s a f r ee f i t over t he end of t he pr oj ect i l e.Each i ncr ement i s number ed, t he base char ge bei ng number ed " 1: 'Thus, t o ar r ange e pr opel l i ng char ge i n pr oper ol der f or f i r i ng char ge4, t he i ncr ement s woul d be ar r anged i i i t he or der 1, 2. 3, and 4, i ncr e-ment 4 } r ei ng pl aced upper most .
e
" Scpar l ed" HLUMUni i t l at t pr opel l i ng char ge.
Thi s pr opel -l i ng chal l e i s cont ai ned i n a car t r i dge case, t oget her wi t h t he pr i mer .The char ge consi st s of pr opel l ent powder , l oosel y l oaded i n a br asscar t r i dge case whi ch i s cl ow- d by a- pl ug.
I t wi l l be not ed t hat t hi sammuni t i on i s consi de: - ed t o be separ at e- l oadi ng,
d.
Sepxr ai c- l oadi ng char geq ( f i g . 67) ,( 1)
CAWr R1DG3 BAGS. Car t r i dge bags f or m a sui t abl e and con-veni ent means of cont ai ni ng t he smokel ess- powder char ge i n separ at e-l oadi ng ammuni t i on. Cot t on cl ot h i s t he st andar d mat er i al f orcar t r i dge hags,
( 2)
SI NGLE- X; ECTI ON CHARGES, Separ at e- l oadi ng pr opel l i ng char gesar e di vi ded i nt o si ngl e- sect i on and mul t i sect i on char ges. I n t hesi ngl e- sect i on char ge, t he pr opel l ent powder i s cont ai ned i n a si ngl e
Pur , l t } 3
TM 9- 1900
Cl asses Oi Ammuni i t un
t ag, t i ght l y- l aced ( ) , ' wr apped t o gi ve t he c: har g_r i gi di t y,
The i gni t i ngand end i gni t i ng chHr ge i s di vi ded i nt o t hr ee par t s, each i n i t s own bag,t wo end par t s : and a cor e whi ch ext ends axi al l y t hr ough t he cent er oft he char ge and connect s t he i gni t er pads sewed t o each end. Thi st ype! of i gni t er i s t er med a " cor e i gni t e!. - "
( 3) MUL1' I SECT1GK CHARGr g, Mul t i sect i on char ges per mi t t hegun cr ew t o Var y t he si ze of t he pr opel l i ng char ge and f aci l i t at ehandl i ng t he l ar ger and heavi er char ges. Mul t i sect i on char ges ar esubdi vi ded i nt o " base and i ncr ement : " " equal sect i on . " Hr nd " unequalsect i on" t ypes .
( a)
9i j w and i ncr ement ,
Thi s t ype i t f pr opel l i ng Char ge consi st sof a base sect i on or char ge Fi nd one or mor e i ncr ement s . The i ncr e-mE: r i i s i nay be of equal or unequal wei ght , Wher eas t he base sect i oni s al ways f i r ed. t he i ncr ement s r t t ay or may not be f i r ed . Wi t h somet ypes, one i gni t er pad i s at t ached t o t f 3e bkge end of t he basesect i on onl y, whi l e ot her t ypes havo a cor e- t ype i gni t er i n t he basesect i on and somet i r nes i n one or Tnur e i ncr ement s as wel l .
( b)
Equt t 1 vect i or r . I n t hi s t ype, t he sect i ons ar e equal i n si zeand wei ght . I t was f or mer l y known as t he " al i quot par t ' char ge,I t i s used i n 14- i r «; h gun ammuni t i on and f or ot her l ar ger - cal i berweapons.
( c)
Unequal sect i on.
I n t he case of cer t ai n howi t zer s . t he O1ar gei s Made up i n uncel ual sect i ons,
I n t he case of guns, t he char ge maybe Tr ade up of sever al equal sect i ons and t wo cyr mor e unequal sec-t i ons, Thi s t ype per mi t s f i r i ngs at r oduced vel oci t i es and pr ovi dest he maxi mumf l exi bi l i t y,
( 4) CoLuR. I n cer l Hi a ceseb t wo base and i ncr ement char gesar c pr ovi ded f or one howi t xer - one f or i nner , t he ot her f or out erZUTHn of t i r e, The cl ot h of t he bags f or t he i nner zones i s dyedgr een t o di st i ngui sh t hat char ge f r omt he ot her t ype whi ch i s assem-bl ed i n undyed ( whi ( e} bags. Accor di ngl y, t hese t wo t ypes ofchar ges ar e cal l ed " gr een bag" and " whi t e bag" char ges ( f i g . ( ) .
( 5) STACKED CHARC; ES, I n Or der t hat cer t ai n l ong pr opel l i ngchar ges wi l l have mor e r i gi di t y, t he gr ai ns of powder ar e ar r anged orst ¬j cked i n UTAFOYr n or der and di r ect i on_ These Cha] ' gL' s, havi ng t hegr ai ns wi t h t hei r l ong axi s par al l el t r y t he l ongi t udi nal axi s of t hechar ge, , ar e sai d t o l ae " " st acked. "
( 6)
FLASJ{ REDUCERS. Fl askL r educer , ar c used wi t h pr opel l i ngchar ges dur i ng ni ght f i r i ng_ These devi c. es gr eat l y r educe t he f l ashand l hcmby i mpede enemy obser vat i on of gun posi t i ons . The f l ashr educer dvvel oped f or t he 1 . 55- mi n guns ( f i g, 68) consi st s of t woscar l et - dyed cot t on st r i ps whi ch ar c l i nked t oget her wi t h si l k st r i ngs .Each st r i p cont ai ns t hr ee channel s wbl i Xh ar e f i l l ed wi t h chemi cal s,Two out si de r hannel s of each st r i p cont ai n a mi xt ur e of 60 per centpot assi umsul f at e and 44 per cent bl ack powder .
The cent er channelcont ai ns onl y bl ack powder , When t i ed ar ound t he Char j t e, t he
TM 9. 19130
Pam 103- 104
144. PROI F: RS.
CJasx&s of Ammuni bon
st r i ps ar e opposi t e aach ot her , pl ash r educer s ar e made t o f i t aspeci f i c pr opel l i ng char ge. The use of f l esh r educer s sl i ght l y i ncr easest ht , muzzl e vel oci t y; t her ef or e, t he pr oper cor met i on must be appl i edwhen comput i ng r ange dat a dur i ng f i r i ng.
( 7) Dul amv cHARoE&. Dummy char ges, si mul at i ng ser vi cechar ges ( f i g, 62) , ar e pr ovi ded f or use wi t h dr i l l pr oj t t ct i l es t o t r ai nper sonnel i n " ser vi ce of t he pi ece, `
a. Gener al . A pr i mer i s t he cor nt mnent used t o i ni t i at e . t hecomhust i vn of a pr opel l i ng char ge, Ar t i l l er y pr i mer s ( f i g. f i g)consi st essent i t i l l y of a st nsl l quant i t y of sensi t i ve expl osi ve or nd achar ge of bl ack powder , encased i n a met al cont ai ner . I n t he case:of f i xed and ser ni f i xr d ammuni t i on, t he pr i mer i s f or ced i nt o t hebase of t he car t r i dge case at t i me of manuf act ur e. I n t he case ofsepAcKt e- l oadi ng ammuni t i on, t he pr i mer i s i nser t ed by hand i nt t )t he br eeahbl ock of t he weapon.
Jj ,
Typr a. Based on t he met hod of f i r i ng, ar t i l l er y pr i mer s ar ecl assi f i ed s4 per cussi on, el ect r i c, coenbi nat i on per cussi on- el ect r i c, f r i c-t i on, and i gni t i on,
c .
Pei v. umi on pr i ur er ,
Thi s t ype of pr i mer , f i r ed by a bl ow oft he f i r i ng pi n, i s gener al l y uses . ] i n al l Hr t i l l er y aI TI r nLI ni t i on exceptt hat f or har bor def ense and r ai l way ar t i l l er y . The pr i mer s us; ed i n
por . 104
CJawew of Ammuni t i on
r D' '
BC
TYPI CAL PRI MER FORFI XED ANDSEMI FI XED ROUNDS
F
G( 55
n
%USH
r
C0MBI NATI ON ELECTRI C ANDPERCUSSI ON PRI MER MK 15- MOD I
PRI MERS F" SEPARATf - LOADI NG, ROUNDS
Fi gur e 69 - Pr i mer s - Sect i oned
TM 9- 1400
PELLETS
. - FI RI NG PLUG H. - CONI CAI . GAS CHECK P- SERRATEDGASB- PRI MER CUP 1- FI RI NG PLUG CHECKC- PERCI JSS10N J - - I NSULATOR Q- FRI CTI ON
ELEMENT CHARGE K- - PLUNGER COMPOSI TI OND- FOSLI NG PAPER L- GUNCOTTON R- CLDS: NGCUPE - ANVI L M- CONTACT OR 5- PRESSEL7 BLACKF- I GN1l ER CHARGE I GNI TI ON WI RE POWDt R
I PRr WR CHARGE) N. . METALLI C SEA!G- BODY PLUG 0 - BUTTOK RA PD39324A
T141 9- 1940
Par s .
104- 1 I 2' bCl assw o1 Ar r t r nuni t i or n
car t r i dge cases cont ai n suf f i ci ent bl ack powder t o i gni t e pr oper l yt he smokel ess powder i n t he car t r i dge case, Those used wi t hsepar at e- l oadi ng pr opel l i ng char ges cont ai n onl y enough bl ack pow-der t o i gni t e t he bl ack- powder i gni t er char ge at t ached t o t he pr o-pel l i ng change,
d.
El eet r i e pAnnr r .
Thi s t ype of pr i mer i s f i r ed by t he heat gen-er at ed when an el ect r i c cur r ent passes t hr ough a r esi st ance wi r eembedded i n dr y guncot t on. I t i s used dr i l y i n har bor def ense andr ai l way ar t i l l er y . Al t hough bot h t he f r i ct i on and el ect r i c pr i mer sar e ver y si mi l ar i n appear ance, t he el ect r i c pr i mer i s di st i ngui shedby bl ack i nsul at i on ar ound t he cont act wi r e and by a gr oove machi nedar ound t he head.
, " .
( : omi t i nat usn per cussi on- cl eci r i c pr i mer . Thi s pr i mer i s f i r edei t her el ect r i cal l y or by a bl ow of t he f i r i ng pi n
I t i s used onl y i ncer t ai n har bor def ense and r ai l way ar t i l l er y,
f .
Fr i et i an pr i mer .
Thi s t ype of pr i mer i s f i r ed by t he beat gen-er at ed when a ser r at ed pl ug i s pul l ed t hr ough an expl osi ve composi -t i on sensi t i ve t o heat or f r i ct i on At t he pr esent t i me i t i s usedas a subst i t ut e f or t he el ect r i c pr i mer i n t he event of f ai l ur e ofel ect r i c power .
g.
I gni t i on pr i mer t q-
Tne i gni t i on pr i mer , al t hough ver y si mi l art o t he per cussi on t ype, di f f er s i n t hat i t cont ai ns, i n l i eu of t he per -cussi on el ement , an i ner t cap wi t h a hol e i n i t . I t i s i nt ended f oruse i n cer t ai n subcal i ber ammuni t i on f i r ed by a ser vi ce pr i mer . Thef l ame f r om t he ser vi ce pr i mer passes t hr ough t he hol e i n t he capof t he i gni t i on pr i mer , t hus i gni t i ng t he bl ack- powder char ge i n t hei gni t i on pr i mer .
145. BLANK AA11111JN1' 1' f 0j Y,a.
Gcncr al .
$l ank ammuni t i on i s pr ovi ded f or cannon of cal i berup t o and i ncl udi ng 105- r nm, f or pr act i ce pur poses, f or maneuver s,f or f i r i ng t he mor ni ng and eveni ng gun, and f or sal ut i ng.
h.
Compl et e r ound. Acompl et e r ound of bl ank ammuni t i on ( f i g,70) consi st s of a car t r i dge case i nt o whi ch ar e f i t t ed a per cussi onpr i mer , a char ge of bl ack powder , and a chi pboar d Cl osi ng cup seal edi n t he mount of t he case. The car t r i dge cage i s usual l y made byt r i mmi ng ser vi ce car t r i dge cases t o t he pr oper l engt h. The bl ack-powder char ge i n t he l at est desi gn of bl ank ammuni t i on consi st s of Asi ngl e or doubl e pel l et i n pl ace of t he l oose bl ack powder ( i n bag)f or mer l y used. A hol e, i nt o whi ch t he pr i mer ext ends, i s l ef t i n t hecent er and t he pel l et i s wr apped i n cel l ophane.
1116. POWDERTEMPERATURE I NDI CATORS. Powder t em-per at ur e i ndi cat or s ( f i g. 71) , upped i n ant i ai maf t bat t er i es, enabl et oki ng t he powder t emper at ur es f or ammuni t i on ei t her at bat t er yor i n st or age at poi nt s of suppl y. Thei r consi st of a t her mor net er
Par . 146
TM 9- 79GO
Oases of Ammuni t i on
FELT WADCELLOPHANE WRAPPED BLACK POWDER PELLET
BLANK AMMUNI TI ON ; SI NGLE PELLET CHARGE) , 75- MMGUN OR HOWI TZER
$CELLOPHANE- WRAPPEI )! BLACK POWDER PELLETS
BLANK AMMUNI TI ON ) DOUBLE PELLET CHARGE) , 75- MMGUN OR HOWI TZER
1A PG$9116
f i gur e 70 - Bl ank Ar nnt uni t i on - 5i n91e and Doubl e Pei l ms
118
TM 9- 1900
Par . 106
Cl asses ol Ammuni t i on
A- PROPELLENT POWDERB - CARTRI DGE CASEC- PI SER CONTAI NERD- THERMOMETEI R, MII : - I RON PWGF - RUBBER GASKETC- STEEL WASHERH- PLASTI C WI NDOWS
Fi gur e 7f - Powder - f emper af 4or e i ndi cat or
719
RA FD 89338
Par s- 106- 107
TM 9- 1400Cl asses oi ` Ammur dl i on
st uck i nt o A powder char ge i n a ser vi ce car t r i dge case whi ch, i nt ur n. i s packed i n 8 f i ber cont ai ner . The t her snomet er can be r eadt hr ough pi oat t i c l enses pl aced i n t he head of t he assembl y . They ar epl aced wi t h t he l ot of ammuni t i on go t hat t he t emper at ur e may benot ed. Si nce f i r i ng t abl es ar e based on t he t emper at ur e of t hepowder at 75` l :. at t he t i me of f i r i ng, any devi at i on f r om t hi st emper at ur e hay t o be consi der ed i n t i r i ng dat a comput at i ons,
1117, CAKE A11U PRECAUTI ONS t N ] HANDLI NG.u. I n addi t i on t o t he pr ecaut i ons pr escr i bed i n chapt er 3. t he
f ol l owi ng wi l l be obser ved :( l )
PROJECTI LES.
Pr oj ect i l es shoul d l ] e i nspect ed t o i n4ur e t hatt her e i e no exudat i on of t he cont ent s, t hat t he bour r el et and r ot at i ngband ar e smoot h and f r ee f r om ser i ous dent s or bur s, and t hat t het hr eads of t he adapt er ar e cl ean, Fi el d ar t i l l er y pr oj ect i l es shoul dbe cl ean and f r ee f r om gr ease.
( . Z)
PROPELLANT6. The pr opel l ant s of f i xed ammuni t i on cannotbe r eadi l y i nspect ed, but t hose f or ot her ammuni t i on shoul d be not edwhen pr epar i ng t he char ge. Make cer t ai n t hat onl y t he pr operi ncr ement s ar e r emoved f r om t he adj ust abl e compl et e char ge, Ther eshoul d be no l eakage of cont ent s f r om any of t he car t r i dge bags.For separ at e- l oadi ng ammuni t i on, t he t ag and i gni t er pad cover , i fpr esent , must be r emoved pr i or t o l oadi ng t he char ge i nt o t he weapon.
( 3)
Fi zEs. The f uze shoul d be car ef ul l y i nspect ed t o ascer t ai nt hat i t i s pr oper l y set , and t hat no unaut hor i zed r emoval of par t $has been made. No at t empt wi l l be made t o di sassembl e f uzes orr ounds i n t he f i el d wi t hout speci f i c i nst r uct i ons f r om t he Chi ef ofOr dnance. Al l separ at el y- i ssued f ur es shoul d be t i ght ened t o t hepr oj ect i l e wi t h a f uze wr ench. Wi t h f i xed and semi f i xed ammuni t i on,t he packi ng st op must be r emoved f r om t he pr oj ect i l e bef or e f i r i ng.Ti me f uzes whi ch have been set but not f i r ed must be r eset at" saf e" bef or e bei ng r epl aced i n t hei r cont ai ner s,
( 4) PmmsRs, Because of t he hygr oscopi c nat ur e of pr i mer s,t hei r cont ai ner cans shoul d not be opened t i l l necessar y . Pr i mer sshoul d be i nspect ed par t i cul ar l y f or si gns of cor r osi on .
( 5) CARTRmas CASES. Car t r i dge cases shoul d be car ef ul l yi nspect ed f or cr acks or dent s whi ch may af f ect t hei r f unct i oni ngor t he f unct i oni ng of t he weapon Badl y cor r oded car t r i dge caseswi l l i ncr ease t he di f f i cul t y of ext r act i on or may r esul t i n spl i t orr upt ur ed cases. Gases wi t h f aul t s whi ch may r esul t i n a r upt ur eshoul d not be used. Thei r use may pl ace a weapon out of act i onf or a consi der abl e per i od. of t i me whi l e t he r upt ur ed case i s bei ngr emoved. Wi t h semi f t xed ammuni t i on, i t i s i mpor t ant t hat t hemout hs of cases not be def or med. i f def or med, such a case maybe di f f i cul t t o l oad and, i f l oaded and f i r ed, a ser i ous bl ow- backmay r esul t .
120
TM 9- 1404
108. PACKI NG.
1761210- 48 - X
Cl asses of Ammoni r i on
Rd Pp 104832Fi gur e 72- Met al Cont ai ner f or Pr i mer s
Por s . 107- 100
a. Gener al . Ar t i l l er y ; ammuni t i on and component s, except Sep-ar at e- l oadi ng pr oj ect i l es, ar e packed i n moi st ur e- r esi st ant f i ber con-t ai ner s whi ch ar e boxed ( f i gs, 73 and 74) or pl aced i n met al con-t ai ner s or i n heal ed met al cans . Cr at es may be used f or addi t i onalpr ot ect i on f or cer t ai n car t r i dge- st or age Camvs ( met al cont ai ner s f orpr opel l i ng char ges) , pr oj ect i l es havi ng wi ndshi el ds, and dummypr oj ect i l es, Some f uzes ar e nowbei ng packed i n her met i cal l y seal edcans and t hen i n a wooden box ( f i g. 7b) , Separ at e- l oadi ng pr oj ec-t i l es ar e' shi pped boxed, cr at ed ( Fi g. 75) , or uncr at ed. I f uncr at ed, agr ommet i s pl aced. ar ound t he r ot at i ng band and an eyet l ol t - hf t i nKpl ug i s sgr ewed i nt o t he f uze hol e ( f i gs . 57 and 58) .
h.
Met al cont ai ner s. Ai r t i ght cyl i ndr i cal met al cont ai ner s, knownas car t r i dg" t or age cases ( f i g . 8) Ar e used t o pack separ at e- l oadi ngpr opel l i ng char ges. Si mi l ar met al cont ai ner s ( f i gs . 78, 79, 80, and81) ar e al so used t o pack one ar t i l l er y r ound, ei t her wi t h or wi t houta f i ber cont ai ner _ The met al cont ai ner has a det achabl e scr een- t ypecap,
To i nsur e compact and t i ght packi ng, r ubber f el t and cor k pads
Por . 108
LL, OX.maOQ0Z0 hVwC: ?Yva I LC: z a
Cl asses nF A-muni t i on
TM9 " 14[ } 0
WHX2wWcW
NHWWU2XXZOVZ
TM 4- 1900
Par . 10$C1a" ; vses of Ammuni t i on
Par . 149
TM9- 19DOCf x " . ees of Ammuni t i on
124
Fi g i r e 73 - Typi caJ Wooden Packi nq Gr at e f orSepol ot e- f oodi ny Pr oj ect Jl e
t o PO 80! 41
TM 4- 1900
C{ asses ci f Ammuni t i on
125
PC -m
wY
a
vZ
Pf l f , 108
uOw
O
kO
b
a4"Q.
t i
For . 108
TM 9- 1900
Ct assev of Amr " uni t i ar n
126
C
A- SEPARATE- LOADI NG PROPELLI NGCHARGEi s- CHARGE I N WATERPROOF BAGC- FI BERCONTAI NER - OUTER PACK KA I ' D 4: 755
f i gur e 77 - - pr ppei f i eg Char ge Packed t o Wat er pr oof Sag i nFi ber Cont ai ner
TM9- 1900 Par . 108
RA PO 970SAFi gur e 78 - Met af Cont ai ner M175 f or 57-mmAFC"T Rounds
127
Far . 108C) am%es of Ammuni Ogr r
RA PO97"9A
Fi gur e 79 - Met al Cont ai ner MT58 f ar 3-Mcb Gan Rounds128
TM 9- 1900
Par . 10$Ghmes of Ammur r i i i an
KA PD 9769"
Fi gur e 80 - Met al Cont ai ner M1' 73 f ar 75- mmHowi t zer Rounds1129
Par . 108
TM 4- 1400
Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
f i gur e 8i - - Met al Cont ai ner M132 f or 105- r mnl Howi t zer Rounds
130
TM9- 1900
Par s, 14a- 109
d.
Wal er p" of 1aags .
Pr opel l i ng char ges maybe packed i n wat er -pr oof bag i n f i ber cont ai ner s ( f i g, 77) _
1091 i ; FNFRAJ, .
Cr a&t ez of Ar r t mur r i i t or t
ar e used i n t he i nt er i or of t he cont ai ner t o pr event si dewar d mot i on,upper and l ower gui de r i ngs ar e pr ovi ded on t he i nt er i or of t he con.t ai ner .
r _
Met al cans .
A seal ed met al can ( f i g_ 72) wi t h met al t ear st r i psi s used t o pack separ at e- l oadi ng gr t i l l et y pr i r r t i er s . These cans ar epacked, i n t ur n, i n a wooden 1>ox .
Set l i on V
B0MI l S
a.
Abomb i s a st r eam- l i ned cont ai ner of expl osi ves or chemi cal si nt ended f or r el ease f r om ai r cr af t .
I t consi st s of a body cont ai ni ngt he char ge and a devi ce t o expl ode or scat t er t he char ge at t het ar get . Ai r cr af t t or pedoes, submar i ne mi nes pl ant ed by ai r cr af t ,r ocket s, pyr ot echni cs, and mor t ar bombs, al t hough si mi l ar i n nat ur e,ar e not cl assi f i ed as 1>ombs .
i t ,
For r easons of saf et y, t he component s of a bomb ar e usual l yst or ed and shi pped separ at el y, and must be assembl ed pr i or t o use.The component s of bombs ( f i g. 82) di f f er ( dependi ng on ( l i e par -t i cul ar t ype and model ) but , i n gener al , t hey consi st of :
( 1)
The unf uzed bomb body cont ai ni ng expl osi ve, i ncendi ur y, orchei t i t i i cal f i l l er .
( 2)
The f uze, or f uzes,( 3)
The f i n assembl y ( assembl ed t o smal l er bombs as shi pped) .( 4)
The ar mi ng wi r e assembl y,c .
Bombs ar e i nst al l ed i n ai r pl anes by means of suspensi on l op.Bombs of 100 pounds and mor e have t he f i usl *nsi on 1up on t hesi de of t he body, ar r anged f or hor i zont al suspensi on of Out bomb.Same smal l er bombs have ove l ug on t he si de and anot her on t het ai l end, whi ch per mi t s t he bomb t o be i nst al l ed ei t her i n a hor i zont alor ver t i cal bomb r ack; ot her s ar e st r apped i n cl ust er s of sever albombs and suspended as a uni t . Some ANbombs have t hr ee sus-pensi on- l ugs, t wo on one si de of t he bomb body ant i one on t heopposi t e si de t o pr ovi de f or use i n bot h Ar my and Navy ai r cr af t .
d. The f ui t i ct i oni ng of bombs depends pr i mar i l y upon t he act i onof t he f uze, whi ch may be super qui ck, del ay, or t i me. The t er ms" super qui ck" ( i nst ant aneous) and " del ay" r ef er t o t he act i on att he i nst ant of f uze i mpact , wher eas ' t une" r ef er s i o t he t i me f r omt he r el ease of t he bomb t o t he i mt ant of f unct i on.
Par . 109
I m9- 19%Gasses of Ammuni t i on
132
TM 9- 1904
Par s, 1174- 112Cl asaes of Ammuni t i on
e. Uomb f uzes, af t er assembl y i nt o t he bombs, ar e pr event edf r om awni ng or f unct i oni ng dur i ng handl i ng by means of an ar mi ngwi r e whi ch i s nor mal l y r emoved by t he bomb' s r el ease f r om t hesi epl ane_ When i t i s neeesRar y t o r emove t he ar mi ng wi r e t o unf uze2 bomb, i nst r uct i ons at t ached t o t he f uze shoul d be f ol l owed cl osel y .Pr ovi si on i s made f or r el easi ng t he bomb " saf e" f r om t he ai r pl anev: i t hout r emovi ng t he ar mi ng wi r e f r om t he f uze when i l i s desi r edt hat t he bomb shoul d l and wi t hout f uoci i or i i ng.
f .
A gener al descr i pt i on of t he sever al t ypes of bor nbs i s i ncl udedi n t he f ol l owi ng par agr aphs .
110. I DENTI FI C: I LTI ON. Bombs ar e pai nt ed i n accor dance wi t ht he basi c col or scheme out l i ned i n chapt er 1 . sect i on I I and i l l us-t r at ed i n f i gur es Si ' and 10. Bombs ar e mar ked t o i ndi cat e t ype,wei ght , model , f i l l er , l ot number , and l oadi ng pl ant and dat e l oaded.i n addi t i on, t he AI C symbol i s st enci l ed on uncr at ed bombs,
I l l , ( a, A551FTCATI ON. Hecause of t he many uses f or bombsdr opped f r om ai r cr af t , t her e ar e many t ypes and si zes of bombs,r angi ng i n wei ght f r om 2 t o 4, 000 pounds . I n common wi t h ot hert ypes of ammuni t i on, bombs ar e cl assi f i ed accor di ng t o f i l l er a9expl osi ve, chemi cal , i ncer xi i ar y, pyr ot echni c, and i ner t . Expl osi vebombs ar e cl assi f i ed accor di ng t o use as gener al - pur pose ( GP)( demol i t i on) , l i ght case ( LC) , ar mor - pi er ci ng ( AP) , semi - ar r oor -pi er ci ng ( SAP) , f r agment at i on, and dept h_ Chemi cal bombs ar ecl assi f i ed accor di ng t o t ype of f i l l er as gas or smoke. I ner t bombsar e used f or pr ar t i ce r i nd dr i l l ,
112. EXPLOSI VE BOMBS.y . These bombs at e i nt ended f or t he dest r uct i on or demol i t i on
of mat er i el t ar get s. The dest r uct i ve ef f ect i s pr oduced by t he vi ol enceof t he det onat i on; " bl ast ef f ect " ; by pr oj ect i on of pi eces of t he case," f r agment at i on" ; and by di spl acement of ear t h and bui l di ngs, " mi n-i ng. " An expl osi ve t r ai n f or bombs i s i l l ust r at ed i n f i gur e 83.
I F .
{ ; +mur al - pi sr p4Ae,
The gener al - pur pose ( GP) bomb ( f i g. 84)meet s t he r equi r ement s of most bombi ng mi ssi ons. The var i ousmodel s r ange i n wei ght f r om 100 t o 2, 000 pounds and t he quant i t yof expl osi ve i n t hi s t ype aver ages 55 per cent by wei ght . Gener al .pur pose. bombs may he used f or bl ast , f r agment at i on, or mi ni ngef f ect . They use bot h nose and t ai l f uzes, Nose f uzes pr oducemor e ef f i ci ent sur f ace ef f ect , And t ai l f uzes pr oduce mor e ef f i ci entmi ni ng and penet r at i on ef f ect . Bot h f uzes ar e gener al l y used, t hesecondar y f uze as i nsur ance agai nst mal f unct i oni ng . The met al casei s st r gt 3g enough t o wi t hst and i mpact wi t h or di nar y mat er i al s whenr el eased f r om hi gh al t i t ud+, , but i t may f ai l on i mpar t wi t h heavyar mor or heavi l y r ei nf or ced concr et e st r uct ur es .
132
Par . 112
TM 9- 1900
Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
TAI L EXPLOSI VE TRAI N
BMTCRLEADPRI , MFP DETONATOR
FI RI NG, PI N
H05E EXPLOSI VE TRAI N
RA F0 65165
Fi gur e 83 - Samb Expl osi ve Tr ai ns
134
TM9- 1900
Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
LI GHT CASE BOMB ! AWL) - La- AN-Ms6Al l
DEPTH ROME (e1c- t e, t i x. 2PJ
Fi gur e 84 - Types of 0or nbs
135
Per - 112
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Par . 114
TM94" 0Cl asr sm ot Ammuni t i on
Li ght - page, The l i ght - cage. ( LC) bomb ( f i g . 84) i s si mi l ar i nappear ance t o t he gener al - pur pose homb but has a t hi nner . l i ght ercase and vQnt ai ns a hi gher per cent age of expl osi ve f i l l er by v. ei ght ,Si nce st r engt h of case has been sacr i f i ced, Rhi s bomb cannot be usedf or penet r at i on and mul ct be f uzed t o expl ode bef or e t he case br eaksup on i mpact . Appr oxi mat el y 75 per cent of t he t ot al wei ght i shi gh- expl osi ve f i l l er .
41, kr i nar - pi er r i ng. The ar mor - pi er ci ng ( AP) bomb ( f i t; . 85)i s used t o pi er ce deck ar mor of bat t l eshi ps, heavy concr et e st r uct ur es.and si mi l ar hi ghl y r esi st ant t ar get s . The Pose of t he AP bomb i ssol i d and somet i mes i s f i t t ed wi t h an ar mor - pi er ci ng cap ( APC)( f i g . 85) _ These bombs ar e ef f ect i ve agai nst heavy deck ar mor whendr opped f r oui suf f i ci ent al t i t ude t o at t ai n t hei r r at ed vel oci t y. Theycont ai n a r el at i vel y smal l per cent age ( 8 t o 18 per cent ) of expl osi vef i l l er and use t ai l f uses of t he del ay t ype.
e.
Semi - ar mor - pi er ci ng .
The semi - ar mor - pi er ci ng ( SAP) bomb( f i g, 13f ) i s convent i onal i n out l i ne, vesembl i ng t he cyl i ndr i cal GPbomb, However , t he SAP bomb has a heavy case of st eel whi chi s dr awn i nt o n t hi ckened nose and * cont &i ns appr oxi mat el y 30 per centby wei ght of expl osi ve f i l l er . I t may be used agai nst concr et e pi l lboxes or ot her t ar get s of moder at eI y hi gh r esi st ance.
1.
Uehi b.
The dept h bomb ( f i g. 84) i s a speci al l i ght - case bombf or use agai nst submar i nes and sur f ace cr af t .
I t aver ages 70 per centby wei ght of expl osi ve . When det onat ed by a hydr ost at i c f uze, t heef f ect of t hi s bomb does not depend upon hi t t i ng t he t ar get di r ect l ybut upon t he shock of det onat i on of t he expl osi ve bei ng t r ansmi t t edt hr ough t he wat er . The hydr ost at i c f uze f unct i ons at a pr edet er mi neddept h r at her t han on i mpact , I f i t i s desi r ed t o use t hese bombsf or demol i t i on ef f ect onl y, t hey may be equi pped wi t h nose f uzeswhi ch f unct i on on i mpact . Fuzes m; Xy be of t he nose or t ai l t ypeor i nst al l ed i n a cavi t y r unni ng t r ansver sel y t hr ough t he bomb body .
g.
Fr agment ut i an l t ut t 11M.
( 1) Fr agment at i on bombs ar e f or use agai nst per sonnel andl i ght mat er i el t ar get s . The ef f ect i s pr oduced pr i mar i l y by t hef r agment s of t he bomb body pr oj ect ed at hi gh vel oci t y . The bl astat t he poi nt of i mpact wi l l cause addi t i onal damage t o near hy obj ect s .Some f r agment at i on bombs have st abi l i zi ng f i ns, ot her s, f or l ow-al t i t ude bombi ng, have par achut es f or r et ar di ng, r at e of f al l ( f i g. 85) .The desi gn of t he bomb body i g such ai ; t o pr oduce t he gr eat estnumber of ef f ect i ve f r agment s. The 1} o[ l y wal l s ar e of uni f or mt hi ckness and may be made up of coi l ed hel i x spr i ngs . Any f r agment havi ng 00 f oot - pounds of ener gy wi l l di sabl e per sonnel .
Mostt ypes of f r agment at i on bomb ar e f i t t er l wi t h a nose f uze onl y. Thewei ght of t he hi gh expl osi ve i n t hese bombs i s about 15 per centby wei ght . Si nce t he f r agment s ar e pr oj ect ed at appr oxi mat el y
134
TM 9- 19+00
Par , 111
Cl assee. of Amr ner ni i i on
CAPPED ARMOR- PI ERCI NG I OMBi i gua. La . _ MSx)
ARMOR- PI ERCI NG BOM$ ! ?00048 . AN- MK. 33, I
f i gur e 85 - Types of Bombs ( Cont i nued)Xssi 2, o - U- 9
137
RA PO 84360
Par . 112
TM 4- 1940
Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
138
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Cl aws of Ammuni t i on
Fi gur e 88 - 4- pound Fr agment at i on Bomb M8$ t aut t er f y 8ombl140
TM9- 1900Gl asses of Ammuni t i on
Par s . 112- 113
ie, iJ/
WAFER- '
RAPO 50512
LTWI NE TI ED AROUNDWAFER ANJ AROUND ADAPTER
%3! A PD $0512
Fi gur e 89- Waf er s i n Pl ace i n Cl ust er Adapt er
t i ght angl es t o t he axi s of t he bomb, t ha most uni f or m di st r i but i onand gr eat est dest r uct i ve ef f ect s occur when t he bomb i s ver t i cal att he i nst ant of f unct i oni ng.
( 2) Fr agment at i on bombs st abi l i zed by par achut es or f i ns ar ef i t t ed wi t h i mpact - t ype i nst ant aneous- act i on f uzes. The bomb ex-pl odes i nst ant aneousl y on i mpact , pr oj ect i ng a l ar ge number off r agment s at hi gh vel oci t y.
( 3)
Smal l f r agment at i on bombs ar e assembl ed i n cl ust er s ( f i g.87) f or mor e ef f i ci ent use and f or ease i n handl i ng and dr oppi ng,Cl ust er adapt er s suppor t t he i ndi vi dual bombs and, i n t ur n, ar ei nst al l ed i n st at i ons f or l ar ge- si ze bombs. The cl ust er i s dr oppedf r om t he si r pl gne as a uni t . The ar mi ng wi r e act s t o r el ease t heWmbs f r om t he cl ust er , ei t her by mechani cal means di r ect l y, byar mi ng a mechani cal t i me f uze whi ch opens a cl ust er af t er an i nt er val ,or by f i r i ng a car t r i dge whi ch causes t he cl ust er t o open, Cl ust aradapt er s have been desi gned f or al most ever y t ype of f r agment at i onbomb, i ncl udi ng t he but t er f l y bomb.
( 4)
The but t er f l y bomb ( f i g, 88) i s equi pped wi t h a case assem-bl y ( but t er f l y wi ngs) whi ch i s f ol ded ar ound i t . When t he cl ust eri s r i pened by act i on of e t i me f uze. t he wi ngs unf ol d by spr i ng act i onand begi n t o r ot at e, r et ar di ng t he f al l of t he bomb and ar mi ng i t sf uze mechani cal l y. The cl ust er f or t he but t er f l y bomb i n waf er si s shown i n f i gur e 89,
( 5) Ai r cr af t mi t r es and dept h char ges ar e si mi l ar t o ai r cr af tbombs and cont ai n hi gh- expl osi ve f i l l er s ( f i gs. 90, 91, and 92) ,
113. CHEMI CAL BOMBS. Chemi cal bombs ( f i g. 93) cont ai nchemi cal agent s whi ch pr oduce a t oxi c or an i r r i t at i ng physi ol ogi calef f ect , or a scr eeni ng smoke. They ar e known as gas or smoke,
Par . 112
0U
Ct as. sn of Ammuni t i on
142
TM9- 1904
TM 9- 19+00
Por . 113Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
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f i gur e 91 - Mk 13 Ai r cr ai f Mi ne and Cr af e
143
RA PD 49574
Par . 113
TM 9- 1900
Cr amses of Ammuni t i on
744
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TM 9- 1900
Par , f 13Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
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145
Par . 113
TM 9- 1900Cf a
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146
TM 9 " 1900
Par , 113Cl asses of Ar nmur ni t i on
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TM9- 1900
RA FU 15027
f i gur e 98 - - Nose Fuze - Pi n Armi ng Type fMiwISO
TM 9- 1900
Pat s . 113- 114Cl asses of Ammunki on
SAFETY bLOCKS-SI I F' AR FI N
PRI 6. 4ESI ) PERQUI CK FI RI NG PI N
DELAY ELEMENT
RELAY 0 i ARCE
DETONATO
DETONATOR SLI DER
MAY BOOSTER LEAD
f i gur e 99 - Nose Fuze - Vane Ar mi ng Type
dependi ng upon t he pr i nci pal ef f ect , The f or ce necessar y t o opent he bomb body and pr oper l y di sper se t he chemi cal agent i s pr ovi dentby an expl osi ve el ement cal l ed a bur st er , whi ch ext ends t he l engt hof t he bur r t b cavi t y . I n gener al , t he body ser ves onl y 8s a cont ai nerf or t he chemi cal agent . Smal l chemi cal and i ncendi ar y bombs ar ehexagonal i n shape t o al l ow bet t er packi ng i n cl ust er s ( f i gs. 94 end95) . Fuze act i on i s super yui ck ( i nst ant aneous) t o pr event t hewast e of any of t he char ge by i t s bei ng car r i ed under gr ound.
l 4. ] I NCENDI ARY BOMBS. I ncendi ar y bombs cont ai n j el l edgasal enc . oi l , phosphor us . t her mat e, or magnesi um f i l l er s, Smal l
RA PO 9MS
Par .
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Gl asses of Ammuni t i on
TM 4- 1900
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I ces . 114- 118Cl assgs of Ammuni t i on
i ncendi ar y bombs { f i g, 94) ar e hexagonal i n shf l pe and may have ast eel case f ar an i ncendi ar y f i l l er or a heavy magnesi um al l oy casecont ai ni ng an i gni t i ng char ge ; t he case i t sel f act s as t he mai nchar ge, Smal l i ncendi ar y bombs ar e ar r anged i n a cl ust er ( f i g. 45 )whi ch f al l s f r om t hr o pl ane as a uni t and t hen coal cy apar t . al l ow-i ng t he bombs t o ar m and f al l sppnr at el y f or cover age of an ar eat ar get .
l l i . PYROTECHNI C AND TARGET- I DENTI FI CATI ONBOMBS.
a. ' Phot of l ash bombs cont ai n pyr ot echni c mat er i al , but becauseof t hei r cyl . l osi ve nat ur c X1r e cal l ed bci i nbs ( chap, 2, sec, VI , )
11, Cer t ai n skyr nar l cer , pat hf i nder , ai r cr af t f l ar es, and t ar get -Ment i f i c; at i on boml ) s pr oduce a pyr ot echni c ef f ect but r esembl ebombs i n appear ance and use. The 100- pound r ed smoke t ar get -i dent i f i cat i on l wi mb r %184A1 f el l s f r om t he oi r cr Hf t f or a l engt hof t i me set on t he bor nb i nechal : l i cal t i me f uze and t hen bur st s i nt he ai r , pr cwl uci ng a l ar ge cl oud of r ed smoke. Thi s cl oud hangsi n t he ei r f or i i consi der abl e pi "r i od of t i me, The 250- pound t ar get -i dent i f i cet i on bombs M89, M90, ond I VI 98 ( f i gs . 96 and 97) i l l um-i nat e and mur k t ar get s by t he si mul t aneous i gni t i on and t ai l ej ect i unof t hei r pyr ot echni c candl es At a hei ght ab*ve gr ound det er mi nedby t he sel ect ed set t i ng on t he mechani cal t i me f uze, These candl esf al l t o t he gr ound end cmt t i nue t o bur n f or t hei r pr escr i bed t i me.Candl e, may be of t ho nondel ay or expl odi ng t ype.
116,
F1LXCTI CF: RCI "MBS.
Pr act i ce bombs ( f i g. 85) ar e pr ovi dedf or t r ai ni ng i n mar ksmanshi p- They may be sand- l oaded at pai ntof use and r r aay cont ai n a l oi n- expl osi ve spot t i ng char ge; f or someuses, such as agai nst wat er t ar get s, t he spot t i ng char ge may becaai t t ed. These bombs si mul at e cor r espondi ng ser vi ce bombs of t hef r agmei nHt i on and demol i t i on Jype, ,
11 .. .
DRI LL 11{ ?M13S.
Compl et el y i ner t Numbs and component sar e pr ovi ded f or t r ai ni ng of gr ound cr ews i n assembl i ng and handl i ngoper at i ons . They ar e t he same si ze and shape as st andar d bombs.Dr i l l bombs ar e made up f r om t he met al par t s of ser vi ce bombs,i ner t - l ( xded whet ) necessar y .
1111. FUZES.a. Gener al .( 1) A f uze i s a mechani cal devi ce desi gned t o i ni t i at e a t r ai n
of t i r e or a det onat i on under t he ci r cumst ances desi r ed . Fuzes ar ecl assi f i ed accor di ng t o posi l ! Un as nose, t ai l , and t r ansver se, and r sccor d-i ng t o t ype of f unct i oni ng as t i me, i mpact , and pr essur e. Ti me f uzesf unct i on a pr edet er mi ned number of seconds af t er r el ease. I mpact
778121
f t - 4k -
10 153
Par . 118
TM 9- 19104Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
ARMI NGWI REHOLDER
STEMCUP
LO¬KI NG BALL
FUZE BOGY
ANTI - Cf t EEP SPRI NG
PRI MER
DELAY ELENI LENT
DELAY HOLDERa
DETONATOR
154
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f i gur e 101 - - Tai l Fuze - Yvne Ar mi ng Type ( Ma 12. 4) 1
TM 9- 1404
For . 118Cl sssos of Ammuni l i on
f uzes f unct i ons when t he bomb st r i kes a r esi st ant mat er i al ,
Pr essur ef uzes f unct i on i n r esponse t o wat er pr essur e ( hydr ost at i c) or ai rpr essur e ( r oncusr i on) , 1n1paet t ut ee ar e cl assi f i ed as del ay whent hey have a def i ni t e t i me l ag bet ween i mpact and expl osi on of t heLamb, and as super qui ck ( nose) or nondel ay ( t ai l ) when t her e i sno del ay .
Del ay i n f uzes var i es f r oma f r act i on of a second t o manyhour s and may be pr ovi ded by a cl ockwor k mechani smor a chemi calr eact i on . Some del ay f uzes ar e equi pped wi t h an ant i handl i ngdevi ce t o f unct i on on an at t empt t o def uze t he bomb.
( 2) Bomb f uzes ar e shi pped i n a " saf e" condi t i on . They ar econst r uct ed so t hat t hey cannot f unct i on when t hey er e " saf e" ( un-ar l ned) . Most f uzes ar e desi gned so t hat an ar mi ng wi r e may bepassed t hr ough par t s of t he f uze, mechani cal l y r est r ai ni ng t he f i r i ngpi n or keepi ng el ement s of t he f uze mechani sm out of posi t i on unt i lt hey ar e moved i nt o f unct i oni ng posi t i on, gener al l y by t he r ot at i onof t hr Ar mi ng vane. The ar mi ng vanes or si mi l ar ar mi ng mechani sms; , r e hel d i n pl ace by a f i ef et y cot t er pi n whi ch i s r epl aced by t hear mi ng wi r e upon l oadi ng of t he bomb i nt o an ai r cr af t . Dr oppi ngt he bomb causes t he ar mi ng wi r e t o be wi t hdr awn, whi ch per mi t st he f uze t o ar m. Ar mi ng- i n- t ype f uzes may ar m i mmedi at el y onwi t h4j r Awal ci f t he ar mi ng wi r e or may have an ar mi ng del ay el ement ,t i med by a cl ockwor k mechani sm or, a powder t r ai n, whi ch del aysar mi ng unt i l a f i xed t i me has el apsed. I n ar mi ng- vane- t ype f uzes,t he vane i s r ot at ed by t he ai r st r eam as t he bomb f al l s, a f i xednumber Of t ur ns bei ng r equi r ed t o ar m t he f uze.
( 3)
Bomb f uses ar e gener al l y st r i pped separ at e f r om ot her bombcomponent s
i n most cases i n t he assembl y of f uzes t o bombs, t ool sar e not used.
b.
Nose f uzxa.
Nose f uzes, i n gener al , ar e hel d unar med by t hepr esence of sAf et y bl ocks bet ween t he st r i ker and t he f uze body,t hus pr event i ng t he f i r i ng pi n f r om bei ng dr i ven i nt o t he pr i mer ,Most nose f uzes have a pr i mer , del ay el ement , det onat or , and boost erassembl ed i n t he f uze body.
The wor ki ng par t s Of t he f uxeXxceptt he ar mi ng mechani sm and st r i ker head- ar e pr ot ect ed by t he bombcase, t hug avoi di ng t he possi bi l i t y of t he f uze bei ng cr ushed oni mpact bef or e i t can f unct i on ( f i gs, 9$, 99, and 100) .
i - . Tai l f uzed. Tai l f uzes, i n gener al , ar e hel d unar med by anar mi ng st em scr ewed i nt o t he i ner t i a- t ype f i r i ng pi n. I n t hese f uzes,t he boost er i s not assembl ed t o t he f uze but t o t he adapt er - boost erWhi ch i s assembl ed t o t he bomb ( f i g, 101) . For some f uzes, t hepr i mer - det onot or assembl ed t her et o may be changed i n t he f i el d f orot her pr i mer - det on&t ar s of ot her del ay act i ons .
d. hydr ost at i c and coneumi on f uzes. Hydr ost mi c f uzes ( f i gs.102 and 103) act udder t he i nf l uence of wat er pr essur e t o expl t r ct et he t omb a pr edet er mi ned dept h bel ow t he sur f ace of t he wat er .
sss
For _ 1 TS
TM 9- 1900
Cl asses o! Ammuni t i on
156
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Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
TM 9- 1940
TM 9- 1940
l asses of Ammuni t i on
FI N CRATE AS SHI PPED
Fi gur e 103 - Pochi ng of Bomb Fi n Assembf l r
159
RA PG 15004A
Par .
T ] 9
Pam 118- 121
TM 9- 1900Cl asws of 4mmuni l i on
Concut f i i on f uzes act i n r esponse t o t he concussi on wave f r om t heexpl osi on of t he pr ecodi ng bor nb i n a sal vo. Bot h of t hese f i l esf unct i on on t he pr i nci pl e of a bel l ows or di aphr agm wor ki ng agai nsta spr i ng of f i xed st r engt h. When t he ext er nal pr essur e over comest he r esi st ance of t he spr i ng, t he f i r i ng pi n i s r el eased and dr i venagai nst t he pr i mer b spr i ng act i on, I n sor ne f ur eNpf ovl sl on i s madef or adj ust ment by a mechazr i st n cont r ol l i ng t he compr engi on of t hedi aphr agmbVr i ng,
119. PACKI NG AND HARKI NC.a.
Packi ng,
I n gener al , bombs ar e sbi l aped unf uzed wi t h t he f uzehol es cl osed by met al shi ppi ng pl ugs . These pl ugs ar e not t o ber emovccl except f or i nspect i on and f or assembl y of t he compl et er ound. Lame bombs ar e shi pped wi t h t wo paper or met al shi ppi nghands whi ch pr ot ect t he suspensi on ] t ags .
The f i n ansembl i es of suchbombs ar e shi pped separ at el y i n met al cr at es, Smal l er bombs ar eshi pped f i nned, i n r net gl cr at es. Smal l chemi cal and f r agment at i onbombs ar e packed i n wooden boxes .
Fuzes ar e packed i n i ndi vi dualseal ed cont ai ner s and wooden boxes ( f i gs. 1114 and 105) ,
h. T* I xr ki ng .( 1) Wher ever appr opr i at e, t he col or scheme used f or pai nt i ng
t he bombs ( chap. 1, sec . I I ) i s uged on t he packi ng boxes or cr at es .Ai l i nf or mat i on f or i dent i f i cat i on and di r ect i pns f or shi ppi ng ar emar ked on cont ai ner s f or bombs and component s, and on t he bombbodi es when no cont ai ner i s used.
( 2)
A l i st of al l separ at e component s r equi r ed f or t he compl et er ound i s somet i mes st enci l ed on t he shi ppi ng cont ai ner i n Xvhi cl ct hese component s ar e or di nar i l y packed. Usual l y, however , t hesecomponent s ar e st or ed separ at el y and t he wor d " WI THOUT" i sst enci l ed above t he l i st of component s on t he shi ppi ng cont ai ner .
I ft he separ at e component s ar e packed wi t h t hei r r espect i ve bomb orf i n assembl y f or shi pmozt t , t he wor d ' ` WI THOUT' i 8 obl i t er at ed.
Sect i on YI
PYROTECHNI CS
120. I : H, NLM, I I , . Mi l i t ar y pyr ot echni cs ( f i g . 106) ar e f i r ewor kswhi ch pr oduce a br i l l i ant l i ght f or i l l umi nat i on, or smokes and l i ght sf or si gnal i ng, i n mi l i t ar y oper at i ons.
121. CLASSI FI CATI ON.a. Accor di ng t o use, pyr ot echni cs Ar e cl assi f i ed as :( 1) AI RCRAFT TYPYS. Or i gi nal l y desi gned f or use f r om or by
ai r cr af t .$60
TM 9- 1900
a 4
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Gl bsuss of Ammuni t i on
( 2)
GKouND TYFEs. For use on t he gr ound,b.
Accor di ng t o pur pose t hey ar e cl assi f i ed as :
122. PYROTECHNI C COMPOSI TI ONS.
123.
VI SI U9I LTYY ( OF' PYROT1 CI MI C SI GNALS.
124. FLARFS.
TM 9- 1900
( 1) I LLUMI NANT9. Fl ar eS f or i l l umi nat i on f or a speci f i c l engt hof t i me, and phot of l ash bombs f or an i nst ant aneous f l ash f or ni ghtphot ogr aphy.
( 2) SI GNALS. Li ght s or smokes of var i ous col or s f or t r ansmi s-si on of messages.
c .
Any of t he above t ypes when pr ovi ded wi t h a par achut e i sdesi gnat ed as a par achut e t ype,
a- Pyr ot echni c composi t i ons ar e a mi xt ur e of chemi cal s whi chpr oduce i l l umi nat i on .
h, pyr ot echni cs gener al l y f unct i on by means of an i gni t er t r ai nsi mi l ar t o t he expl osi ve t r ai n. I n gener al , i t i s i ni t i at ed by a pr i mermi xt ur e and i nt ensi f i ed key a " f i r st f i r e compound" whi ch pr oper l yi gni t es t he l umi nous candl e.
e.
St andar d pyr ot echni c composi t i ons, i n gener al , consi st of com-pounds t o pr ovi de oxygen f or bur ni ng, such as per chl or at es andni t r at es ; powder ed al umi num or magnesi um f or f uel ; sal t s of " i um,bar i um, copper , or st r ont i um f or col or ; and mat er i al s such as asphal tand par af f i n f or bi ndi ng and wat er pr oof i ng.
a, The pr i nci pal f act or s cont r ol l i ng t he ef f ect i veness of pyr o-t echni cs ar e desi gn, posi t i on and at mospher i c condi t i ons .
( 1)
Fact or s of desi gn i ncl ude candl epower , col or , and degr ee ofsepar at i on of t he par t s of a composi t e si gnal .
( 2) Fact or s of posi t i on i ncl ude hei ght at whi ch t he f l ar e orsi gnal f unct i ons ; di st ance of obser ver f r om si gnal ; di st ance of f l ar ef r om obj ect i ve t o be i l l umi nat ed; backgr ound; and r el at i ve posi t i onof f l ar e, obj ect i ve, and obser ver .
( 3)
At mospher i c condi t i ons i ncl ude cl ar i t y of at mospher e ; t i me( day or ni ght ) ; pr esence of haze, f og, dust , r ai n, or snow; and t hecol or and br i ght ness of t he sky.
l ) , Tabl es of vi si bi l i t y, dMi ngui shabi l i t y, and di st ance ar e pub-l i shed i n TM9- 1981.
a. Fl ar es ar e used t o pr ovi de i l l umi nat i on f or r econnai ssance,obser vat i on, bombar dment , l andi ng, and pr act i ce f i r i ng of ant i ai r -cr af t guns . Whi l e t he det ai l s of f l ar es var y wi t h t hei r pur pose, al lhave cer t ai n common char act er i st i cs { f i gs. 107, 108, and 109) :
TM9. 1904
Cl asaegX 01 Ammuni t i on
Par . 124
Fur s . 124- 125
I M 9- 1900Cl asses of At r ur zuni i i on
Fi gur e T09 - Psucchuf e Ai r cr af t Fl ay& Mf ?A JRA PC 44447
( 1) Pr oduct i on of a whi t e or yel l owi sh l i ght of hi gh i nt ensi t yr angi ng f r om 60, 000 candl epower f or 1 i ni nut e t o 1, 040, 000 candl e-power f or 3 mi nut es or l onger .
( 2) Par achut e suppor t , t o r et ar d t hei r speed of f al l , t hus pr o-vi di ng ef f i ci ent i l l umi nat i on f or obser vat i on,
( 3)
Del ayed i gni t i on, t o assur e t hei r r eachi ng a speci f i ed al t i t udebef or e i gni t i on. I gni t i on i s ususi l y cont r ol l ed by t he openi ng of t hepar achut e by means of a wi r e at t ached t o t he par achut e cabl e nrshack absor ber , t hi s wi r e pul l i ng i gni t i on wi r es t hr ough t he i gni t i ngcomposi t i on, The f 3ame t hus pr oduced i s t hen car r i ed by qui ck-mat ch t o t he pr i mer , f i r st - f i r e char ge, and t he i l l umi nant composi t i onof t he candl es,
h.
Fl ar es f or use bel ow a pl ane, such as t hose i nt ended f or bom-bar dment pur poses, ar e pr ovi ded wi t h shades t o shi el d t he bom-bar di er s f r om t he gl ar e.
e.
Fl ar es t hat ar e t o be r el eased f r om l aunchi ng t ubes or r acksar e equi pped wi t h a hangwi r e assembl y whi ch i s at t ached t o t hear mi ng pawl of t he t ube or r ack . The f l ar es may be r el eased " ar med"or " saf e. " When t he f l ar e i s r el eased " ar med, " t he har ` gwi r e r emai nsat t ached t o t he pl ane and pul l s out t he par achut e or st abi l i zi ngsl eeve. A sect i on of sof t met al t ear wi r e enabl es t he f l ar e t o br eakf r ee. I f r el eased " saf e, " i t wi l l not f unct i on i n t he ai r but may i gni t eon i mpact . Thi s possi bi l i t y most be kept i n mi nd i n r el easi ng f l ar essaf e over f r i endl y t er r i t or y,
r l .
The f l ar e pr ovi ded as a t ar get f or bot h day and ni ght pr act i cef i r i ng of ant i ai r cr af t guns, i s t owed by a pl ane at t he end of a st eelcabl e. See f i gur e 310.
t 25,
PHOTOFLASH BOMBS, Thi s ammuni t i on i t em ( f i g. 111) ,cal l ed " bomb" because of i t s expl osi ve nat ur e, pr ovi des a br i l l i antl i ght of shor t dur at i on f or ni ght phot ogr aphy_ A phot of l ash bombwhi ch i s dr opped saf e, or whose f uze f ai l s t o f unct i on, may det onat eon i mpact ,
The f l ash f r omphot of l ash bombs, even at di st ances pr e-scr i bed as saf e f r om bomb f 7Hgment s, i s i nj ur i ous t o t he eye because
164
TM 9- 1900
Par . 125Cl asses o! Ammuni t i on
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QENTI FI CATI ON TOP
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YELLOW SAND
Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
YELLOW
I DENTI FI CATI ON TOP
SI GNAL, AI RCRAFT, DOUSLE- STAR, AN- M42
TM94400
NOTE: - COLOR OF BANU5 AND I DENTI FI CATI ON 70P5 TO CORRESPONDWI TH COLOROF 51GNAL I SEE TAKE)
COLOROF BANDS ANDSI GNAL
I DENTI FI CA710N TOPS
AI RCRAFT, DOUBLE - STAR, AN- M37
RED- REDAI RCRAFT DOUBLE - STAR, AN- M38
YELLOW- YELLOWAI RCRAPT, DOUBLE - STAR, AN- M39
GREEN- GREENAI RCRAFT, DOUBLE - STAR, AN- MOD
RED- YELLOWAI RCKAF7. DOUBLE - STAR, AN- M41
RED- GREENAI RCRAFT, DOUBLE - STAR, AN- M44
YELLOWAI RCRAFT, DQULLE - STAR, AN- M45
GREEN
Fi gur e T 13 - Ai r cr wf l ' Si gnal s Xor r r i dge TYPOKA PO MO
TM 4- 1900
Far , 125
Ct &sses o! Ammuni t i on
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TM 9- 1 " 0Cl asses of Amr nur vhon
126. AI RCRAFP SI GNALS.
Fi g i r e i 15 - - Sl i ck Mar ker AN- M59
RA Pp 15680
of i t s br i l l i ant f l ash. The phot of l ash bomb M46 pr oduces a f l ashwhi ch r eaches an i nt ensi t y of 504 t o 700 mi l l i on candl epower f orappr ox' i m' at el y 0. 02 second and f unct i ons f r om 5 t o 90 seconds, de-pendi ng on set t i ng of i t s mechani cal t i me f uze.
a.
These si gnal s ar e t i r ed f r ompyr ot echni c di schar ges whi ch ar edescr i bed i n TM9- 290.
The si gnal s ar e pr ovi ded f or si gnal i ng f r omai r cr af t t o ot her ai r cr af t or t o gr ound uni t s .
They may al so be f i r edon t he gr ound. Ther e ar e t wo t ypes of ai r cr af t si gnal s-
( 1)
The r i ml ess t ype, assembl ed i n an al umi num or pl ast i c- st eelbar r el . The bar r el i s i . » t he shape of a cyl i ndr i cal cup v' hi ch i sgr ooved near t he base or cl osed end.
The pr i mer i s pr essed i nt o t hecent er of t he base. A pr ess f i t i dent i f i cat i on t op ( cl osi ng t op) i scement ed i n t he opposi t e end. ( See f i g. 112. )
( a)
The car t r i dge t ype, assembl ed i n a cyl i ndr i cal shel l t o whi cha met al or pl ast i c head, cont ai ni ng t he pr i mer , i s cr i mped.
The op-posi t e end i s cl osed wi t h a car dboar d wad or pr ess f i t met al di scwhi ch i s col or ed and mar ked t o i ndi cat e t ype of si gnal. I n appear -ance, i t r esembl eq a l ar ge shot gun shel l ( f i g, 113) .
TM4- 1900
Omens of Ammuni hon
Fi gur e ? 16 - Par achut e Tr i p Fl ar e 11148
par . 127
Pt A PP a" r t
127. UHI V1' SI GNALS. Dr i f t si gnal s ar e pr ovi ded as an ai d t onavi gat i on over wat er by pr ovi di ng a st at i onar y r ef er ence poi nt f ordet ermi nat i on of dr i f t of t he ai r pl ane, ' The si gnal s ar e r el eased f r omt he pl enq by hand and dr op t o t he wat er , bei ng st abi l i zed i n f al l byf i nal . Ther e ar e si gnal s f or dayt i me use and ot her s f or use at ni ght ,Day dr i f t si gnal s cont ai n a met al l i c powder i n a st r eaml i ned papershel l whi ch br eal mon i mpact wi t h t he wat er al l owi ng t he powder t of orm a sl i ck on t he sur f ace f or use as s r ef er ence poi nt , Dr i f t si gnal s( f i g. 114) f or use at ni ght cont ai n a pyr ot echni c pel l et or candl ewhi ch i s i gni t ed by t he f uze on i mpact wi t h wat er _ The si gnal wi l l
Par , 117
_, i RI KERSPRI NG
SAFLI ' Y PI " I
STRI KER
Gl d&503 of AMMUni t i on
TRI GGER SPRI NGTRI GGER
TRI P WI RE SLOT.
Fi gur e 117 - Tr i p Ff ar e M49172
TM9A900
PERCU551GN CAP
BLACK POWDER
TM 94900
Par . 127Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
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174
7m9. 1900
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TM 9- 1900
Por s . 127- 130Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
f i gur e 120 - Packi ng Box f or Gr ound Fl ar esRA PQ 144039
f l oat , nose down, i n t he wat er and emi t smoke and f l ame f r om a hol ei n t he t ai l f or as l ong as 17 mi nut es, ser vi ng as a r ef er ence poi nt f orai r navi gat i on at ni ght .128.
SLI CK MARKER.
Thi s i t em { f i g_ 115) i s used t o pr oduce aper si st ent sl i ck f or r ef er ence poi nt s on t he wat er . I t cont ai ns af l uor escent dye i n a paper Composi t i on case whi ch shat t er s upon i m.pact wi t h t he wat er and f or ms a sl i ck whi ch may be vi si bl e f or 10mi l es at 3, 000 f eet al t i t ude.129.
SMOKEGREMADES. Bot h whi t e and col or ed smoke gr enadesmay be used f or si gnal i ng.
( See chapt er 2, sect i on I I . )130. GROUND TYPE FL4RES.
a.
Ai r por t f l ar es ar e used on t he gr ound t o pr ovi de i l l umi nat i onf or ai r pl ane l andi ngs at emer gency f i el ds or i n case of power f ai l ur eat ai r por t s.
175
Par . 134
TM 9- 1900
Gf ar r yaw of Ammuni t i on
176
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TM 9- 1400
Pam, 130- 134
1, 32. GROLNI I SI GNALS.
Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
177
6. Tr i p f l ar es Ur e pr i mar i l y used t o gi ve war ni ng; of enemymar auder s or i nf i l t r at i ng hoet i l e t r oops . Secondar y use of t he t r i pf l ar e i s f or i l l umi nat i on of such t r oupe or f or si gnal i ng . Thev ar esi mi l ar t o booby t r aps i n t hat t hey ar e l ef t i n t he pant of an ad-vanci ng enemy end depend upon some act i on of t he ehenl y f ori ni t i at i on. One model r esembl e~ a boundi ng ant i per sonnel mi ne( hg, 116) , si t i oe i t pr opel s a shel l cont ai ni ng a par achut e- suppor t edcandl e i nt o t he ai r 300 t o 500 f eet hi gh wher e t he candl e i s i gni t edand expel l ed f r omt he shel l case,
Anot her r esembl es i s hand gr enadei n si ze and shape ( f i g, 117) wi t h t he addi t i on of a br ar Xket f or at t ach-ment t o a t r ee or post and a t r i gger mechani sm f or f i r i ng_ Unl i kehand gr enades, t he f uze has no del ay Oement _
131,
MLI I MI N. ATMG' SHELLS. These pyr ot echni c i t ems ar e pr o-vi ded f or i l l umi nat i on by gr ound t r oops of obj ect i ves beyond t he r angeof ot her f l ar es . They ar e f i r ed t r am mor t ar s or ar t i l l er y cannon andcont ai n a f l ar e candl e, par achut e and t i me f uze, ( See chapt er 2, sec-t i ons I I I and I 6' . )
a.
St andar d gr ound si gnal s ( f i g_ 118) ar e l aunched by means ofgr enade l auncher s Ml , M7, and NI S at t ached t o cal i ber , 30 r i f l es orcar bi nes .
These si gnal s consi st of t he si gnal assembl y and t he st abi -l i zer f i n assembl y .
The si gnal s may be gr een, amber , r ed, or whi t e i ncol or and may be of t he par achut e t ype or f i ve- st ar cl ust er t ype.
Anew ser i es of gr ound si gnal s pr oduces r ed, or ange, gr een, vi ol et , oryel l ow smoke.
b.
The hi gh- bur st - r angi ng si gnal I v127 ( f i g_ 119) i s f i r ed f r omt hegr ound si gnal l auncher MI AI ; t he hi gh- bur st - r angi ng si gnal M27AI B1( f i g . 119) i s f i r ed f r omst andar d gr enade l auncher s si mi l ar t o st andar dgr ound si gnal s .
Thi s. si gnal si mul at es t he hi gh bur st of ar t i l l er y shel lf or r angi ng pr act i ce_
I t r i ses t o an al t i t ude of appr oxi mat el y 550 f eetwhen f i r ed f r omt he gr ound l auncher M1A1 mi d appr oxi mat el y 700f eet when f i r ed f r omt he gr enade l auncher . The bur st i s accompani edby a f l ash, a puf f of gr ay smoke, and a noi se whi ch can be hear d f ara di st ance of at l east 2, 000 yar ds,
1: 33. DI STRESS SI GNAL. Thi s si gnal i s f or use at sea, I t i sassembl ed i n ar e al l met al body and i s not adver sel y af f ect ed bypr ol onged expo.; ur e t o wat er vapor . The di st r ess si gnal M75 has asel f - cont ai ned pr oj ect or and t he si gnal s M13 ar e f or use wi t h t hepyr ot echni c pr oj ect or M1p.
134.
FLASHAND Sf ) LN17 SI GNAL,
The f l ash and sound si gnalM74 i s i nt ended pr i mar i l y f or cont r ol umpi r es t o si mul at e ai r bur stof ar t i l l er y f i r e f or t r ai ni ng t r oops. I t i s f i r ed f r om t he pyr ot echni c
Par . 134
Cl aus of Ammuni t i on
178
TM9- 1900
TM 9- 1904
Paws . 134- 136Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
Fi gur e l 23 - Pocki ng Box f or Gr ound Si gnal s
pi st ol M$ or t he hand pyr ot echni c pr oj ect or M9,
I n appear ance i t i ssi mi l ar t o t he car t r i dge t ype ai r cr af t si gnal s,
At an el evat i on of 45degr ees, t he hei ght of bur st of t he si gnal i 8 about 100 f eet
135.
REl } FUSEE. The 20- Mi nut er ed f usee M72 i s si mi l ar t o commer ci al t ype f usses,
I t consi st s of a cyl i ndr i cal paper t ube f i l l ed wi t hr ed f l ar e composi t i on and a shar p nai l pr ot r udi ng t hr ough t he woodenbot t ompl ug, Amat ch head i mbedded i n t he t op of t he f l ar e cor n-, posi t i on may be i gni t ed wi t h a st r i ki ng composi t i on bl ock.
10i .
I DENTI FI CATI ON. I n addi t i on t o t he st andar d mar ki ngs andpai r nt i ng ( chap. 1, sec. 11) , var i et i es of one t ype of si gnal car r y, as ameans of i dent i f i cat i on among t hemsel ves, mar ki ngs as f ol l ows :
a.
Ai r cr af t si gnal s ar e di st i ngui shed by t he col or and embossi ngon t he i dent i f i cat i on t op ( out er wad) , and by bands i n t he col or oft he si gnal pr oduced.
179
TM 9- 1940
Par s . 138- 144Cl ass" of Ammuni t i on
138, PACKI NG. Due consi der at i on i s gi ven i n packi ng of pyr o-t echni cs t o pr event cont act wi t h moi st ur e_ Pyr ot echni cs ar e packedi n met al - l i ned or unl i ned, nai l ed or wl r ehound wooden boxes. Thosei n unl i ned boxes ar e pl aced i n i nner cont ai ner s consi st i ng of seal edcor r ugat ed boar d car t ons, cyl i ndr i cal f i ber cont ai ner s, or met al con-t ai ner s . The car t ons ar e di pped i n par af f i n t o pr ot ect t he cont ent sf r om moi st ur e. See f i gur es 120, 121, 122, and 113.
1 ; 14) . CLASSI FI CATI ON.
Sect i on YI IROCKETS
1: 39.
GENERA) . .
Ar ocket i s a pr oj ect i l e whi ch i s pr opel l ed by t her eact i on, or r ecoi l , f r om di schar gi ng a j et of gas t o t he r ear at hi ghvel oci t y.
The -gas 1, , 9 pr oduced by t he bur ni ng of a pr opel l i ng char gewi t hi n t he r ocket i t sel f .
A mi l i t ar y r ocket consi st s of a head, or shel l ,and a mot or , The head cont ai ns t he expl osi ve or chemi cal char geand a f uze; i t i s si mi l ar i n f unct i on t o an ar t i l l er y shel l or a bond) ,The mot or consi st s of a t ube Cl osed at one end and const r i ct ed neont he ot her t o f or m a no2zl e; i t cont ai ns t he pr opel l i ng char ge andan i gni t er . Pi ns may be At t ached t o t he mot or t o st abi l i ze t he r ocket i nf l i ght . The pr i nci pal Advant ages of r acket ammuni t i on ar e t hat i ti mpar t s l i t t l e or no r ecoi l t o t he weapon and does not r equi r e a r i f t edbar r el . A f ur t her advant age l i es i n t hat t he f or ceH of set back ar espr ead over a l ong per i od of acccl er al i on r at her t han concent r at ed i na shor t t i me as i n a gun. Consequent l y r ocket pr opul si on can beused f or l i ght er ase mi ssi l es of hi gh capaci t y wi t h f uzes of mor e f r agi l econst r uct i on. The di sadvant ages ar e, t hat pr ot ect i on i s r equi r edagai nst t he bl ast of hot gas f r omt he t ai l of t he r ocket , and t hat r acketdi sper si on i s gr eat er t han t hat of shel l of si mi l ar cal i ber . The weaponused i n f i r i ng t he r ocket i s desi gnat ed a l auncher si nce i t ser ves onl yt o gi ve t he r ocket i t s i ni t i al di r ect i on and does not pr oj ect t he t ocketas a gun or mor t ar ,
a.
Rocket s at e cl assi f i er ) accor di ng t o t he f i l l er of t he r ocket headas expl osi ve, chemi cal , pr act i ce, or t ar get ( f i gs . 16 and 124 t hr ough131) ,
1) .
Expl osi r i , r ucket 6.
Expl ooi ve r ocket s cont ai n a hi gh- expl osi vef i l l er and, ar c f ur t her cl assi f i ed as ;
( 1)
HI GH- EXPLOSI VE ( HE) , whi ch has a r el at i vel y l ar ge char geof expl osi ve f or bl ast , f r agment at i on, or r ui ni ng ef f ect at t he t ar get .
( 2)
HI G11- EXPLOSI VE, AI MTANH ( HE, AT) , whi ch cont ai ns a spe-ci al shaped expl o5i zr e char ge par t i cul ar l y ef f ect i ve agai nst ar mor .
( 3)
DEMOLI TI ON, whi ch has an except i onal l y t hi n case and a cor -r espondi ngl y l ar ge char ge of hi gh expl osi ve .
Par s . 136- 137
TM 9- 1900Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
1. i ,
Same gr ound si gnal s ar e di st i ngui shed by t he col or and em-bossi ng on t he f i n, ot her = by t he col or and embossi ng on t he i dent i f i ca-t i on t op,
+". For i nf or mat i on of t ho; e i nst al l i ng Sxr es MSAI and M24 i nai r cr af t , t he wor d " FRONT" i s st enci l ed on t he f r ont of t he case andt he l ocat i on of suspensi on bandy i s i ndi cat ed by bl ack bends pai nt edon t he case.
d.
Over - age and subst i t ut e COmposi t i ot i f l ar es assi gned t o t r ai ni ngwi l l have a bl ue band appr oxi myt el y 2 i nches wi de pai nt ed ar oundt he body i mmedi at el y bel ow t he l abeL These f l ar es may al so f eest enci l ed " FORTRAI NI NGUSEONLY" .
1; 37 . CARF, I l _t ADURG, AND PRESLRVATI ON. Pyr ot echni cscont ai n mat er i al of an i nt r i nsi cal l y hazar dous nat ur e. I n gener al , t hesame r egul at i ons appl y t o pyr ot echni cs as f or ot her t ypes of am-muni t i on, cover ed i n chapt er 3, sect i ons I and I I . I n addi t i on, t hef ol l owi ng wi l l be obser ved .
a,
Pyr ot echni cs ar e pr ot ect ed f r ommoi st ur e by moi st ur epr oof her -met i cal l y scal ed cont ai ner s . When cont ai ner s showsi gns of dampnessor moi st ur e, t hey wi l l be opened and i f t her e i s evi dence of moi st ur eon t he pyr ot echni cs, t hey wi l l be dest r oyed by aut hor i zed and exper i -enced per sonnel , As pyr ot echni cs ar e ver y hygr oscopi c, t hey shoul dnot be r emoved f r om st andar d packi ngs any sooner t han necessar ypr i or t o use.
h.
Besi des t he hazar dous pyr ot echni c composi t i ons, pyr ot echni cscont ai n sensi t i ve el ement s, such as f uzes, f r i ct i on composi t i ons, andpr i mer s, Di sassembl y of pyr ot echni cs or component s i s pr ohi bi t ed.Boxes cont ai ni ng si gnal s whi ch ar e di schar ged by per cussi on pr i mer sshoul d be pl aced f l at wi t h t he t op of t he box up. Pr ot eLt i ve or saf et ydevi ces shoul d not be r emoved unt i l i i i st bef or e use, Car e shoul dbe t aken t o avoi d damage t o f i l - v ; r cases : and par achut e pul l - out cor ds_pyr ot echni cs, especi al l y pr oj ect ed t ypes whi ch ar e ser i ousl y dent edor def or med wi l l not be used, as a damaged bar r el or Case mi ght causea r ound t o become l oddi. A i n t he bar e of t he pr oj ect or .
I t shoul d bekept i n mi nd t hat phot of l ash powder i s as hazar dous as bl ack powder .
e: .
St or age of pyr ot echni cs i s descr i bed i n chapt er 3 .d,
The i ncendi ar y ef f ect of pyr ot echni c mat er i al shoul d be kepti n mi nd i n usi ng such mat er i al i n t he vi ci ni t y of dr y br ush and gr ass .
e.
Pyr ot echni c' mat er i al i s poi sonous t o men and ani mal s i f t akeni nt er nal l y.
f .
Dur i ng maneuver s u+' er t er r ai n, ot her t han mi l i t ar y r eser vat i ons,t he l ocat i on of dud f l ar es and phot of l ash bombs wi l l be obser ve<l andr epor t ed.
The duds wi l l be ; ought out and dest r oyed, as soon as poa-si hl e, as i nst r uct ed i n chapt er 4,
Par . 140
TM 9- 1900C1assu of Ammuni t i on
X0I _I VE 1) RAQXMARK114G JN YEI LOWJ
HE, AT ROCKET, M6A5
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PRACTI CE ROCKET. M7AI zRA PP 104834
f i gur e 124- Rocket WASand Pr act i ce Rocket M7A6
lOLI VE DRAB
- -_X, t AARRJf I NXAI N Yf i [ OwjWr SMOKE ROCKET M10
HCSMOKE R0CXET T21E1
( A&11LKI Nc N xsuoWJRA PD 104M
f i gur e 123 - 2. 36- i nch Sr nak4 I t ocket s
Chemi cal r ocket s.
Chemi cal r ocket s cont ai n f i l l er s of chem-i cal agent s whi ch ar e Cl assi f i ed as:
( 1) GI GS, whi ch pr oduces a casual t y or har aasi nK ef f ect on per -sonnel ,
( 2) SMOKE, whi ch pr oduces a cl oud of smoke f or scr eeni ng orsi gnal i ng .
Ym 9- 1900
Par _ 140Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
193
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f i gur e 127- 4. 5- i nch Rocket sRA FD 8936+14
TM 9- 1900
Par . 140
Cl i mmoi Ammuni t i on
75B12L 0
40 - L 2
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Par s . 140- - 142
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Fi gur e 124 - 7. 24ach HE ! l ocket T37 - Assembl ed
d.
Pr act i ce r ocket s .
Pr act i ce r ocket shel l s ar e l oaded wi t h i ner tmat er i el t o t he wei ght of t he cor r espondi ng ser vi ce r ocket .
The f uzemay be i ner t or may cont ai n a spot t i ng char ge.
The mot or f or t hepr act i ce r ocket i s t he same as t hat of t he cor r espondi ng ser vi ce r ound.
e. Tar get r ocket s . Tar get r ocket s ar e suppl i ed t o f ur ni sh f astmovi ng f l yi ng t ar get s f or aut omat i c AA gun pr act i ce.
141 .
1DFNr CI FI CAT1( ) N. Rocket s, i n common wi t h ot her t ypes ofammuni t i on, ar e i dent i f i ed by t he st at t dar d nomencl at ur e and l otnumber of t he i t em.
Such i dent i f i cat i on i s mar ked on al l cont ai ner sand, unl ess t he i t emi s t oo smal l , on t he ammuni t i on i t sel f .
The basi ccol or scheme f or pai nt i ng and mar ki ng on t he ammuni t i on i s gi ven i nchapt er 1, sect i on 11 and i l l ust r at ed i n f i gur e 16,
142. C( 1NI PONENTS.a. For f l exi bi l i t y of suppl y, a compl et e r ound, as i ssued, may
cont ai n al t er nat i ve component s, onl y one of whi ch may be used. Thecompl et e r ound may be i ssued as a si ngl e assembl ed i t emor as sepa-r at e component s t o be assembl ed i n t he f i el d.
1) ,
Head.
The head of t he r ocket consi st s of t he l oaded r ocketshel l , and t he f uze.
I t i s usual l y assembl ed t o t he f or war d end of t hemot or , but i n some model s, t he shel l may ext end i nt o t he mot or t ouse t he mot or t ube as an addi t i onal sour ce of f r agment s .
I t car r i est he expl osi ve or chemi cal char ge t o t he t ar get
I t may have t hi n wal l st o i ncr ease i t s capaci t y of expl osi ve f or bl ast ef f ect , i t may have t hi ckwal l s t o penet r at e ar mor bef or e expl odi ng or i t may have wal l s ofmedi umt hi ckness t o pr ovi de a maxi mumnumber of ef f ect i ve f r ag-ment s.
Af uze i s at t ached t o t he mot or t o f unct i on i t at t he t i me andt i nder t he ci r cumst ances desi r ed .
TM 9- 1900
Par . 142
Cl asses of Ar r i r nunhi on
c . Mot or .
6t A Pa 50473A
Fi gur e 130 - 7. 2- i nch H¬ Rocket r 37 - Component s
f i gur e 731 - 7. 2- i nch Chemi cal Rocket T21
( 1)
GP. N" AI -
The r ocket mot or i s assembl ed t o t he r ear of t hehead.
I t consi st s of a hol l ow t ube whi ch i s cl osed at t he f or war d endand has a nozzl e i n t he f or mof a vent ur i t ube at t he r ear ,
The mot orcont ai ns t he pr opel l i ng char ge and t he i gni t er .
Fi ns f or st abi l i zi ng t hef l i ght of t he r ocket ar e at t ached t o t he out si de of t he mot or at t her ear end, except on spi n- st abi l i zed r acket s . Spi n- st abi l i zed r ocket %have sevbr al vent ur i t ubes concent r i cal l y l ocat ed about and al l i n-cl i ned t o t he l ongi t udi nal axi s of t he r ocket i n t he same di r ect i on soas t o pr oduce spi n when t he gases ar e emi t t ed t hr ough t hem.
( 2)
I oNI Txx The i gni t er consi st s of a pr i mer and a char ge ofbl ack powder assembl ed wi t hi n t he mot or .
The pr i mer i s f i r ed byt he beat gener at ed i n a wi r e by el ect r i c cur r ent .
The pr i mer i gni t est he bl ack powder whi ch i n t ur n i gni t es t he pr opel l i ng char ge,
Par . 142
TM 9- 1900
Gl asses of Amr nur ut i or l
Fi gur e 132- Met al Can Packi ng f or Rocket
30
RA Pa 103391
Par . 144
1. 44. PRECAUTI ONS.
Cl asses of Ammuni i i an?M 9- 1900
HOTS A WMEJJ SOX CONTAh1S PRACTI CEAMMUNI T10N, 5011p BI Uf AANOSANDEN&CLEATTAPPEARONBOX.
RA PD1448- 13
Fi gur e 732- Packi ng Box f or 2. 56- i nch HE, A7, and Pr act i ce Rocker s
a.
I n addi t i on t o t he gener al pr ecaut i ons i n chapt er 3, t he pr ecau-t i ons i n t he f ol l owi ng par agr aphs wi l l be obser ved
l , *
Rocket s shoul d be pr ot ect ed agai nst sour ces of hi gh t emper at ur e such as exposur e t o t he di r ect r ays of t he sun.
Those r ocket swhi ch ar e known t o have been exposed t o hi gher t emper at ur es t hant he l i mi t s i ndi cat ed on t he packi ng wi l l not be used. They wi l l bepl aced i n segr egat ed st or age unt i l t hey can be dest r oyed
e.
When r ocket s ar e i nvol ved i n a f i ne, t hei r r ange i s not l i mi t edcompar ed t o ser vi ce r anges, as i s t he case wi t h ot her t ypes of ammuni t i on. Thi s f act shoul d be kept i n mi nd i l l St or i ng r ocket s .
Theyshoul d, i f pr act i cabl e, be kept i n bar r i caded st or age.
TM9- 1900
Cl 4sses of Ammuni t i on
»r
Par . 144
48d
h
V4wL
Par . 144
TM9- 1900Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
192
TM 9- 1900
Par s. 144- 144Cl aseeH of Ammur uf ; on
d,
Chet yki Cal r ocket s st or ed f ar one year wi l l be i nspect ed 100%f or cor r osi on and l eakage,
e.
I f any change i s made i n an i t em, such as sl t er i ng t he pr opel l i ngchar ge f or a di f f er ent t emper at ur e r ange, t he i t emwi l l be mar ked t oi ndi cat e t he t han- gc,
I f t he i t em i s r epacked, t he packi ng%wi l l bemar ked l i kewi se,
f . Car e shoul d b<: exer ci sed t o avoi d dent i ng mot or t ubes andbendi ng t he f i ns. Rocket s wi t h ser i ousl y dent ed t ubes wi l l not i ef i r ed because such dent i ng i ncr eases t he l oadi ng densi t y whi ch maycause danger ous pr essur es on f i r i ng,
Damaged f i ns wi l l cause er r at i cf l i ght .
g.
Rocket s shoul d not be f i xed at t emper at ur es out si de t he l i mi t sspec i f i ecl .
h. Car e shoul d be exer ci sed i n f i r i ng t hr ough a scr een of br ushor t r ees, I n17act wi t h a t wi g or br anch may def l ect t he r acket or causei t t o det onat e.
i .
I n maki ng cannect i ons f or el ect r i cal l y f i r ed r ocket s, car e shoul dbe exer ci sed t o i nsur e t hat al l connect i ons ar e good and t hat t t ni nsu-l at ed sect i ons of t he br i ng ci r cui t ar e pr ot ect ed agai nst shor t ci r cui t .
j .
The bl ast Rr ea t o t he r ear i s speci f i ed f or each t ype of r ocket .Per sonnel and mat er i el must not be per mi t t ed i n t hi s ar ea, af t er al auncher i s pr epar ed f or f i r i ng unt i l t he r ocket has been f i r ed or t hel auncher unl oaded. I f pr act i cabl e, combust i bl e mat er i al shoul d ber emoved f r omt hi s ar ea.
k.
Ammuni t i on, i ncl udi ng r ocket s f or i mmedi at e use, wi l l not best or ed wi t hi n 100 yar ds behi nd t he f i r i ng poi nt . Nor aUany am-muni t i on be per mi t t ed wi t hi n 10 yar ds t o t he si de of t he f i r i ng poi ntunl ess i t has t he name pr ot ect i on f r om bl ast as i s speci f i ed f or per -sonnel .
195 . PACKI NG AND SHI PPI NG. Smal l r ocket s ar e packed asassembl ed compl et e r ounds i n cyl i ndr i cal seal ed f i ber cont ai ner s whi chi n t ur n ar e packed i n a wooden box . Medi umcal i ber r ocket s ar epacked, unf azed, i n seal ed f i ber cont ai ner s whi ch ar e packed i n cl overl eaf bundl es or wooden boxes . Lar ge cal i ber r ocket heads andmot or s ar e packed , separ at el y,
Poi nt f uzes ar e packed i n seal ed i ndi .vi dual cont ai ner s whi ch, i n t ur n, ar e packed i t wooden boxes,
Basef uzes ar e assembl ed t o t he r ocket shel l , as i ssued, See f i gur es 132t hr ough 135 and ORD11 SNL S- 9.
146. SUBCALI BER ROCKETS. As i s t he case wi t h subcal i berr ounds f or ar t i l l er y weapons, subcal i ber r ocket s ar e used f or l ar gecal i ber r ocket l auncher s,
Pur l . 147- I 49
TM 9- 1900
Gl asses of Ammuni t i on
Sect i on VI I I
LAND MI NES
147 .
GFNVHAL.
Al l t ypes of l and mi nes consi st of a hi gh- expl osi vechar ge whi ch i s det onat ed by a mecbani cal or chemi cal devi ce( known as t he f uze) when act uat ed by vehi cl e or per sonnel . Anexpl osi ve- cont ai ni ng adapt er , known as an act i vat or , i s used wi t hsome mi nes so t hat st andar d Engi neer Cor ps f i r i ng devi ces may bei nst al l ed f or secondar y i ni t i at i on, such as ant i l i f t i ng devi ces.
1411. CLASSI FI CATI ON. Land mi nes ar e cl assi f i ed accor di ng t ouse as ant i t ank or ant i per sonnel Had al so, as ser vi ce, pr act i ce, ordummy.
149. METALLI C ANTI TANK MI NES.a. Pur pose. Ant i t ank mi nes ar e i nt ended t o i mmobi l i ze and
dest r oy t r acked or wheel ed vehi cl es. Det ai l s of const r uct i on andper f or mance of i ndi vi dual mi nes ar e cover ed i n TM9- 1940 andper f or mance and met hods of handl i ng ar e cover ed i n FM5- 31, LandMi nes and Booby Tr aps .
b.
r anl i t auk nmi ne&- ol der t uadel s . The ant i t ank r ni t t i es MLA1and M4 ar e cyl i ndr i cal st eel cases, appr oxi mat el y 3 1/ 2 i nches hi ghand 81/ , i nches i n di amet er , f i l l ed wi t h about 5 1/ 2 pounds of hi ghexpl osi ve. A f uze, i ssued separ at e f r om t he mi ne body, i s i nser t edi n t he f uze wel l and hel d i n pl ace by a spi der .
Pr essur e of appr oxi -mat el y 500 pounds upon t he spi der by a vehi cl e wi l l cause f unct i on-i ng of t he f uze whi ch det onat es t he expl osi ve char ge of t he mi ne.
Asaf et y f or k assembl ed bet ween t he st r i ker head of t he f uze and t hef uze body pr event s acci dent al i ni t i at i on of t he f uze dur i ng handl i ng.Thi s saf et y f or k must be r emoved t o ar mt he f uze.
The compl et er ound, mi ne and f uze, wei ghs appr oxi mat el y 101/ 2 pounds .
c.
Li ght ant i t ank mi ne.
A l i ght wei ght , f l at , quar t - si zed mi ne ( f i g.1361) f i l l ed wi t h about 3 pounds of hi gh expl osi ve, usual l y t et r yt ol ,i s i nt ended f or ant i t ank use but i t may easi l y be conver t ed f or ant i .per sonnel use. I t can be det onat ed by a f or ce of appr oxi mat el y150 pounds on t he pr essur e pl at e.
A" U" shaped pr essur e pl at e f i t sover t he t op of t he mi ne and cover s t he f uze. A f l exi bl e wi r e r opescr ewed i n one end of t he mi ne ser ves $s a car r yi ng st r ap. Uponr emoval of t he st r ap, t he t hr eaded wel l may be used f or t he i nser t i onof a seoot l dar y f uze. The mi ne i s r ect angul ar i n shape, appr oxi -mat el y 7 i nches l ong by 4 1/ 2 i nches wi de by 2 1/ z i nches hi gh andwei ghs about 4 pounds.
Anumber of f i r i ng devi ces may be used t oguar d agai nst t amper i ng wi t h, or r emoval of , t hi s mi ne. The samechemi cal f uze used i n t he heavy ant i t ank mi ne i s al so used i n t hi smi ne,
TM4- 1440
X. GLLAR. SFRI NC,
CO. VRRESSI ON SLEEVi
Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
Fi gur e 736 - Li ght Ant i t ank Mi ne M7
Ppr s .
149- 150
kkREMCVAULL; F' RE5$V. E PLA1 L
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RA PD 89370
t l .
heavy ant i t ank mi ne.
The heavy ant i t ank mi ne i s a hi gh-expl osi ve t ype i nt ended pr i mar i l y f or use agai nst t anks ( f i gs. 137and 138) . I t has a base di amet er of 13 i nches and a maxi mumhei ght of 3 1/ a i nches and i s l oaded wi t h appr oxi mat el y 12 pounds ofTNT. Thi s mi ne r esembl es t he Ger man Tel l er mi ne i n appear ance.The compl et e assembl y wei ghs appr oxi mat el y 20 pounds. The car r y-i ng handl e i s at t ached t o t he bot t om of t he mi ne, Per manent l yassembl ed t o t he mi ne body i s a r ound pr essur e pl at e 7 1A i nches i ndi amet er cont ai ni ng a r ever si bl e pl ug whi ch cover s t he f uze wel lThe pr essur e pl at e i s suppor t ed i nt er nal l y by ci r cul ar ( Bel l evi l l e), pr i ngs. The chemi cal f uze used i n t hi s mi ne i s al so used i n t hel i ght ant i t ank mi ne. A f or ce of appr oxi mat el y 300 pounds on t hepr essur e pl at e i s r equi r ed t o cause t he f uze t o f unct i on. Thi s mi nei s not af f ect ed by st ones, di r t , or moi st ur e.
150. NONMETALLI C ANTI TANK ' NI NES.a.
Pur pow.
Thi s t ype mi ne was devel oped as a count er measur eagai nst met al l i c mi ne det ect or s.
b.
- Nonmet al l i c ant i t ank p1 i n e. Thi s mi ne consi st s of nonmet al l i ccomponent s bot h i n body and f uze.
I t i s appr oxi mat el y 51/ 4 i ncheshi gh and 10 i nches i n di amet er ( f i g, 139) . Appr oxi mat e wei ght ofcompl et e assembl y i s 15 pounds. Thi s mi ne i s pr ovi ded wi t h schemi cal - t ype f uze. An act i vat i on wel l i s pr ovi ded i n t he base oft he mi ne so t hat f i r i ng devi ces may be i mer t ed, i ncl udi ng an ant i -
195
Par e. 154- 151Cl a" es of Ammuni t i on
PRESSUR _ Pi A7L PLUG I N SAFE F05MON- - - /
ACT! VAr OR WFI I .
RA Po 50465
Fi gur e T37- Heor vy Ant i t ank Mi ne M6
TM 9- 1904
l i f t i ng devi ce f or expl odi ng t he mi ne upon pi ckup. Ther e i s nospi der on t he nonmet al l i c mi ne as pr essur e on any par t of t he t opof t he mi ne body wi l l cause t he f use t o f unct i on. Af or ce of appr oxi -mat el y 300 pounds on t he pr essur e pl at e i s r equi r ed t o cause t hef uze t o f unct i on.
1. 51. AN' l i ' I TANK PRACTI CE MI NES.a.
Met al l i c ant i t ank pr act i ce ut i ne. .
The pr act i ce met al l i c mi neM1 has a base di amet er of appr oxi mat el y 83/ a i nches and a maxi -mur n hei ght of 41/ 4 i nches. I t i s si mi l ar t o t he hi gh- expl osi ve mi nebut upon act i vat i on r el eases onl y a puf f of whi t e smoke.
Some l ot sof t hi s mi ne have t he f i l l i ng pl ug i n t he t op of t he mi ne.
The com-pl et e r ound consi st s of t hr ee component s ; an empt y mi nebody ( whi ch has f i ve 1- i nch hol es equal l y spaced ar ound t he si de) ,t he spi der , and t he f uze. Pr act i ce f uzes have t he st r i ker headpai nt ed r ed. The mi ne has t he same wei ght and f unct i ons i n t hesame manner 9s t he hi gh- expl osi ve mi ne and i s used f or t r ai ni ng.I t i s cheap t o manuf act ur e and i s not danger ous.
The MI BI i s apr act i ce met al l i c mi ne and r esembl es t he ser vi ce mi ne except t hatt he f i l l i ng hol e i s i n t he bot t om of t he mi ne body and t hat al l par t sar e manuf act ur ed by . st ampi ng,
I t i s appr oxi mat el y SV4 i nches i ndi amet er and 314 i nches hi gh Thi s mi ne i s send- f i l l ed t o wei ghtbef or e i t i s i ssued f or use i n pr act i ce.
Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
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Par s, 151- 152
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PRESSURE PI N
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SYNTHETI C RUBBER RI NG
VI AL OF CHEMI CAL,
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EXPLOSI VE- COMPARTMENTWALL CERAMI C, GLASS
OI r , PLYWOOD
Fi gur e 139- Nonmet al l i c Ant honk Mi ne M3
TM 9- 1900
RA PA 6" f i $
h. Nonmet al l i c ant i t ank pr act i ce none. The pr act i ce non-met al l i c mi ne i s i dent i cal wi t h t he nonmet al l i c ser vi ce ni ne exceptt hat i t i s f i l l ed wi t h i ner t mat er i al i nst ead of hi gh expl osi ve and i smar ked i n whi t e. Thi s pr act i ce r ni ne has t he same wei ght end f unc-t i ons i n t he sar ne manner as t he ser vi ce mi t r e. The pr act i ce f uzer esembl es t he ser vi ce f uze i n ext er nal appear ance, except f or t hemar ki ng,
Af t er -t he f use i s i ni t i at ed t her e i s a del ay of 2 t o 3 sec-onds . Then a cl oud of smoke i s pr oduced and a char ge i s pr oj ect edsever al f eet i nt o t he ai r wher e i t expl odes wi t h a f l ash and a l oudr epor t .
' 152, PACKI NG ANI I U : HARKI NG OF ANTI TANK NI I NES.a. Met al l i c mi nes MI A1 and M4 ar e packed i n wooden boxes,
each of whi ch cont ai ns f i ve mi nes a" d Rve f uzes . The box i s made
TM9- 1900
Par - I 52Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
199
CAN CONTAI NI NG ACTI VAT{ , 1PCAR SEAL
NA PG 89461
f i gur e 140 - Mef a! Cr at e M153, Cont ai ni ng One Heavy AWhomi aMi ne Md, Wi t h Fuze and Act i vat or
up wi t h a set of pl ywood acpar at ur s. As shi pped, t he f uzes ar e pl acedi n a compar t ment , whi ch occupi es one sect i on at t he end of t he box ;t he f i ve mi nes, wi t h spi der s nest ed t o t he bot t oi ns of t he mi nes, ar epacked i n t he at her f i ve compar t ment p, Tot al wei ght of box i ncI ud-i ng mi nes and f uzes i s 701/ 2 pounds, The nonmet al l i c mi nes ar epacked i n t he same manner , but wi t h f our mi nes and f our f uzes i na box .
Each f uze i s packed i n a her met i cal i y seal ed cont ai ner , t hef uzes bei ng pl aced i n a sect i on i n t he cent er of t he box,
Tot al wei ghtof box i ncl udi ng mi ne; and f uzes i s appr oxi mat el y S$! / 2 pounds . Theheavy mi ne i s pecked i ndi vi dual l y i n a met al cr at e ( Fi g. X40) , t hef uze and t he act i vat or , each i n a her met i cal l y seal ed can, bei ng pl acedi n cor ner s of t he cr at e. Some mi nes ar e packed wi t hout t he act i ve.t ot . Tot al wei ght i s 30%pounds . The l i ght mi ne i s packed i n amet al box cont ai ni ng ei ght mi nes, ei ght f uzes, ei ght car r yi ng handl es,and ei ght cl ot h bags. Tot al wei ght i s 561 pounds.
I l l t hi s met al box,t her e ar e si x campar t ment a. t he t wo out er compar t ment s hol di ngf our f uzes each, each f uze i n a seat ed cont ai ner wi t h f our of t he f uzesi n a car t on. Each of t he f our cent r al compar t ment s cont ai ns t womi nes . The car r yi ng handl es wt d cl ot h bags ar e l ai d on t op of t hecont ent s of t he box .
For . 132
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Cl assps o! Ammuni t i on
Fi gur e 14i - Ant i per sonnel Mi ne M2A4, Wi r h M6A1 Fuza
200
TM 9- 1900Cl a8ws of Ammuni t i on
' 1' he boxes cont ai ni ng pr act i ce mi nes ar e pai nt ed wi t h a bl ueband ar ound t he cent er of each box and bl ue cl eat s ot t i t he et i ds ofeach box . Wooden boxes of hi gh- expl osi ve mi nes ar e st ai ned l i ghtbr own wi t h mar ki ng i n yel l ow, - or , mor e r ecent l y, unst ai ned wi t hmar ki ng i n bl ank .
Met al boxes a. - e pai nt ed ol i ve dr ab.
l : i : # . ?I NTI PERSC1NN1L: L M11NFS.
Par s . 152- 153
a.
Pur po6r .
I ssued ant i per sonnel t r i nes ar e st si ndar di zed mecha-ni sms i nt ended f or t 2f f ect agai nst por a, onnei .
11 . " Br auncl i ng" ant i per sounel mi ne. . Thi s mi ne, when f unc-t i oned, t hr ows t o pr oj ect i l e upwar d t o a hei ght of 4 t o 6 f eet . I t hasan of eet i ve r adi us of about 30 f eet The compl et e assembl y wei ghsappr oxi mat el y 5 pounds .
The mi ne l 1As t he appear ance of a smal lmor t ar wi t h an at t ached f i r i ng i l avi oe ( f i g, 141) . The pr oj ect i l e i S
t hr own i nt o t he ai r by t he bunt i ng of smal l pr opel l i ng char ge ofbl ack powder i n t he hasp of t he mi ne.
The mi ne i s pai nt ed ol i vedr ab yi n whi ch t he mar ki ngs ar e i n bl ack ; t he base i s pai nt ed yel l ow,
v, Cast - i r on f r agmr nt ut i on i ni ue. Thi s t ype of ant i per sonnelmi ne r esembl es a br i de ( f i g. 142) . I t i s appr oxi mat el y 5V_ i ncheshi gh. and 3 1I s i nches squar e. Ther e dar e t hr ee t hr eaded wel l s i n t hemi ne body, one i n each of t wo si des and one i n t he end, t o accom.modat e st andar d Cor ps of Engi neer s f i r i ng devi ces ( f uzes) .
Ar el at i vel y heavy change of TNT and t hi ck wal l s pr oduce f r agment a-t i on and bl ast ef f ect . When used above t he gr ound, t he bur 4t i ngr adi us of t hi s mi ne i s gr eat er t l i an t hat of t he boundi ng t ype mi ne.I t i s pai nt ed ol i ve dr ab wi t h mar ki ngs i n bl ack,
d. Pr ocl i ce ant i per sonnel mi ne. The pr act i ce ant i per sonnelmi ne ( f i g, 143) si mul ot cs t he " boundi ng" t ype ant i per sonnel mi ne.The met al par t s sr e t he same as t hose used f or t he ser vi ce mi ne,except f or t he pr oj ect i l e whi ch i s made of car dboar d and t he i gni t erwhi ch cont ai ns i s del ay el ement t o pr ovi de f or a del ayed f unct i oni ngof t he mi ne f our seconds af t er f unct i oni ng of t he f uze. The pr oj ec-t i l e cont ai ns a spot t i ng char ge assembl y whi ch r esembl es a shot gunshel l wi t h a del ay el ement i n pl ace of t he pr i met .
I n or der t hat t hemi ne may be used sever al t i mes, t he r ol l owi ng r epl acement par t s ar ei ssued :
] Pr i mer and i gni t er assembl y .Cap ( cover ) .Pr oj ect de.Spat t i ng char ge.Pr opel l i ng char ge,
e.
Par ki ng and mar ki ng.
The " boundi ng" ant i per sonnel mi ne i specked compl et e wi t h a f i r i ng devi ce and a spool of st eel wi r e i n eccr r ugat ed paper j acket . Ten such cont ai ner s ar e packed i nt o a
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Fi gur e 143 - pr act i ce Andper sonr r et Mi ne M8, Wi t h MI OAI Fuze
203
Par s . 153- . 156
TM 9- 1900Cl asses ul Ammuni t i on
wooden box, whi ch i s st ai ned l i ght br own wi t h mar ki ng i n yel l ow, or ,mor e r ecent l y, unst ai ned wi t h mar ki ng i n bl ack . The cast - i r on f r ag-ment at i on ant i per sonnel mi ne i s packed i n a wooden box cont ai ni ng6 mi ni s, 6 f uzes i n i ndi vi duel cont ai ner s, and 6 spool s of wi r e.The pr act i ce ant i per sonnel mi ne i s packed 2 mi r e bodi es and 2 f uzes,wi t h 20 set s of r epl acement par t s, per wooden box, The box husmar ki ngs i n bl ack, a bl ue cent er band and bl ue ver t i cal ead cl eat s .
Sect i on I X
DEMOLI TI ON MATERI ALS
154. GENERAL. Demol i t i on mat er i al s i ncl ude expl osi ve equi p-ment i nt ended f or dest r uct i on of obst acl es ( by bangal ar e t or pedoes) ,f or t i f i cat i ons ( by shaped char ges) , speci al equi pment ( by dest r uct or s) ,and gener al mat er i al ( by demol i t i on bl ocks) . Most demol i t i onchar ges may he f i r ed el ect r i cal l y by el ect r i c bl ast i ng caps or nor t el ec-t r i cal l y wi t h saf et y f use and nonel ect r i c bl ast i ng cap or del ay det ona-t om.
For det ai l ed i nf or mat i on, see FM5- 25 and TM9- 1940.
B. S.
BA! VGALORF` 1' ( ?RFEDOFS. The bangal ur e t or pedo MI A1( f i g. 144) i s a t ube or pi pe f i l l ed wi t h hi gh expl osi ve .
Thest eel t ube orpi pe i s 5 f eet i n l engt h and 218 i nches i n di amet er , and i s gr ooved andcapped at each end. The t ube i s f i l l ed wi t h amat ol . wi t h about 4i nches of TNT at each end. The wei ght of t he expl osi ve char ge i sabout 9 pounds .
The t or pedo may be used as an expl osi ve char ge f orot her demol i t i on pur poses . The bangal or e t or pedo AUA1 i s packed10 per ki t or box whi ch al so cont ai ns 10 connect i ng sl eeves and 1 nosesl eeve.
156. DESTRUCTORS.a. Cener al .( 1)
Dest r uct or s ar e hi gh- expl osi ve char ges f i r ed el ect r i cal l y or byt he act i on of a f uze.
( 2)
Dest r uct or s ar e f or use i n cer t ai n equi pment t o be dest r oyedwhen t he mat er i el i s abandoned or when t bei ' e i s danger of i t s f al l i ngi nt o enemy har t i ds.
I n gener al dest r uct or s ar e i nt ended f or dest r uc-t i on of t he vi t al par t s of t he mat er i el by means of an expl osi on whi chi s conf i ned wi t hi n t he housi ng.
Dest r uct or s may be r emoved f r ommat er i al dur i ng nor mal mai nt enance r epai r ,
h.
Dr nt r l i r vor AN- A11 .
Thi s dust r uct or ( f i g. 145) i s a smal l expl o-si ve cont ai ner whi ch f i t s. a t hr eaded adapt er i n cer t ai n r adi o equi pment .
The head end has a scr ewdr i ver sl ot and i s t hr eaded f or scr ew.i ng i nt o t he adapt er .
At t he opposi t e end i s a gi l di ng- met al use whi chi s separ at ed f r om t he head end by a pl ast i c t ube.
The head end con-t ai ns a smal l cyl i nder of ni t r ocel l ul ose and t he i gni t i on wi r e. The
204
TM 9- 1904
Par . 156l a-" es of Amr r ; ur ei t f on
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Par . 156
TM9- 1904
NI TROCELLULOSEI GNI TI ON WI RE
F PLASTI C TUBr E
Cl asses aE Ammuni t i on
Fi gur e 145 - Dest r uct or AN- M) - Sect i oned
306
Fi gur e T46 - 8est r uct or AN- M2
RA PP 3U09
RA PO 33607
met al component s et each end of t he uni t ar e i nsul at ed f r om eachot her . When t he el ect r i cal ci r cui t i s cl osed. t he cur r ent passes t hr ought he i gni t i on wi r e whi ch, i n t ur n, det onat es t he dest r uct or .
e. Dest r uct or AN- M. Thi s dest r uct or ( f i g . 146) consi st s of asi mpl e sheet - met al pl at f or m, upon whi ch t he var i ous el ect r i cal andexpl osi ve component s ar e secur ed. The r ear and f or war d edges oft hepl at f or mar e cur ved upwar d and a panel i s at t ached t o t he f or war dedge. The whol eassembl y i s 1 1/ 2 i nches hi gh_ Thi s dest r uct or f i t s i nt oan openi ng i n t he encl osi ng box of cer t ai n equi pment wi t h whi ch i t i sused. When a swi t ch i s cl osed, t he el ect r i c cur r ent causes t he el ect r i cdet onat or t o f unct i on,
d.
Dest r uct or AN- 313AL .
Thi s dest r uct or ( f i g. 147) r esembl est he dest r uct or AN- M1 i n gener al appear ance but i s much l ar ger ,
I t
r M 9- 1900
For . 156Cl amses of Ammuni t i on
CONTACT PI NS/ - LOCKI NGHOLE_, - PLASTI C SOCKET
Fi qur e f 47 - Aesf r ucf or +4N- M3A1
BLOCK- CHAKGE AS; Et AOLY
Fi gur e 148 - Dext r uct or M+!
RA PD 804046
1 CHARGE SUPPORT
, / FUSE BLOCKBRACKET
FUSE { BLOCK COVER
YEA PD asms
cont ai ns an el ect r i c det onat or and a 2- gr ampel l et of t et r yl .
When aswi t ch i s cl osed, el ect r i c cur r ent ent er s t he dest r uct or t hr ough t he t wocont act post s at t ached t o l ead wi r es f r om t he pl ane. The cur r entcauses t he det onat or t o expl ode whi ch, i n t ur n, expl odes t he t et r ylpel l et .
Par . 156Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
TM- ' 9- 1900
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TM 9. 1900
Par . 156
C1aases of Anununi t i on
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Par s . 156- 157
TM 9- 1900Cl asses of Ammuni t i on
Fi gur e 151 - - Shaped Char ge, 15- 1b, M2A3
e.
Oeai r uvl ur 1114. Thi s dest t -uct ur ( f i g . 148) consi st s of a 21! _-pound bl ock of t et r yt ol mount ed on an T.. - shaped br acket , an i mpact -t ype of bomb t ai l f uze, and occessor i es f or assembl y and mount i ng i na cont r ol uni t .
The mai n dest r uct or assembl y consi st s of an adapt er ,i nt o whi ch t he f uze f i t s, and t he expl osi ve bl ock mount ed on an" haped sheet - met al suppor t .
f . Deet r uet ur N13 . Thi s dest r uct or ( f i g. 149) i s essent i al l y amodi f i cat i on of t he dest r uct or M4. The compl et e assembl y wei ghsapPr oxi mat el y 8X/ 2 pounds.
157. DEMUI JMON EXPLOSWES,a. TMl ' and ni t r u$l ar ch. Compr essed TNT i n l ei - and 1- pound
bl ocks, and ni t r ost ar ch i n 1/ 4- pound bl ocks, ar e suppl i ed f or demol i t i onand l i ke pur poses . These maybe used by t hemsel ves ( wi t h any st and-ar d f i r i ng mechani smequi pped wi t h a det onat or ) or i n conj unct i onwi t h ot her demol i t i on mat er i al s, Ni t r ost ar ch i s mor e sensi t i ve t hanTNT; hence, ni t r ost ar ch bl ocks shoul d not be cr ushed or br oken,
h.
Dcr uol i l l on bl ock hl 2.
Thi s demol i t i on bl ock ( f i g . 154) i s ar ect angul ar bl ock of t et r yt ol , wi t h a det onat or wel l i n each end. Att he out er end of each wel l i s an adapt er t hr eaded t o r ecei ve any oft he st andar d f i r i ng devi ces.
At t he i nner end of each wel l i s a t et r ylpel l et cant i n t he bl ock t o act as a boost er ,
The demol i t i on bl ock i spacked i n a car dboar d boa, 8 boxes per haver sack, 2 havemockss perbox.
c.
Demol i t i on bl ock 113.
Thi s demol i t i on bl ock i s a r ect angul ar2V4- pound bl ock of pl ast i c expl osi ve.
The bl ock consi st s of Compo-si t i on C- 3 and one bl ock i s equi val ent t o si x i / 2- pound TNT bl ocks.Thi s pl ast i c expl osi ve can be mol ded by band i nt o any desi r ed shapeor posi t i on and i s ver y ef f i ci ent , due t o t he good cont act t hus obt ai nedcombi ned wi t h i t s hi gh power , The demol i t i on bl ock i s packed i n acar dboar d box, $ boxes per haver sack, 2 haver sacks per box.
710
f m 9- T90o
Par , 157Cl asses of Amr nuni 6vr r
f i gur e 152 - Shaped Char gt , 40- 1h, I Yl 3RA FD b5188A
Par s, 157- 155
158. S1I APEh C11: LKGhS.
Cl , s, v s of Ammuni f i or tTM7- 1900
d,
hr i i uol i i j Ur i bl ock N14. Thi s demol i t i on bl ock i s i ' , / . - . poundbl ock of Composi t i on C- 3 and has t he sat ne pl ast i , - quaht i f s as t hebl ock M3,
The bl ock M4 i s packed 104 bl ocks per box,
a. Sbaped char ges ar e expl vsi ves whi ch ar e f or med i nt o speci alshapes f or t he pur pose of f ocusi ng t he det onat i on i nt o a penet r at i ngj et . Such a Char ge has much gr eat er penet r at i ng capa6t y t han ar egul ar bl ock char ge of t he same wei ght ,
h.
Shapedchar ge 15- 1b.
Thi s char ge; ( f i g . 151 ) cont ai ns appr oxi -mat el y 12 pounds of $0150 pent ol i t e i n a t noi st ur e- r esi st i ng mol dedf i ber cont ai ner . The t op of t he char ge has a t hr eaded cap wel l f orr ecei vi ng an Engi neer ' s Speci al ( or ot her st andar d i ssue) bl ast i ng sap.The cont ai ner ext ends beyond t he base of t he char ge t o hol d t hechar ge al t he cor r ect di st ance ( cal l ed " st and- of f " ) f r omt he t ar get t oobt ai n maxi mumpenet r at i on. Thi s char ge %r i l l penet r at e 36 i ncheaof r ei nf or ced concr et e.
I f t he concr et e i s of gr eat er t hi ckness, i t - &i l lpr oduce a hol y appr oxi mat el y 30 i nches deer and 2 t o 3 i nches i ndi amet er .
Thi s char ge i s packed 3 per wooden box ; 4 i n a car t on, 2car t ons per wooden box ; or 4 i n a f i ber cont ai ner , 1 cont ai ner perwooden box,
e.
Shaped char ge 404b, Thi s char ge ( f i g, 152) cont ai ns appr oxi -mat el y 30 pounds o£ 50150 pent ol i t e i n a met al cont ai ner , At hr eadedcap wel l i s pr ovi ded f or r ecei vi ng an Engi neer ' s Speci al ( r w ot herst andar d i ssue) bl ast i ng cep.
Met al l egs pr ovi de t he cor r ect st and- of fdi st ance whi ch must be mai nt ai ned f or maxi t t i t ur r z per neuf at i on.
Thi schar ge wi l l penet r at e a 60- i nch concr et e wal l.
The r esul t i ng hol e wi l lbe l ar ge enough t o i nser t a st andar d bangal or e t or pedo.
TM 9- 1400
Par %. 154- 160
CHAPTER 3
CARE, HANDLI NG, AND PRESERVATI ON
Sect i on I
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTI ONS
1. 59. t ; h: . NERAL.a. Thi s sect i on deal s wi t h t he hazar ds i nher ent i n t he st or age,
mai nt enance. handl i ng, and i nt r apl ant t r anspor t at i on of ammuni t i on-Wher e r ul es sr e gi ven cover i ng r el at ed subj ect s and oper at i ons . t heyshoul d be consi der ed as gener al .
b.
When wor k i s doi wwhi ch i nvol ves t he di r ect exposur e of expl o-si ves mvt er i al t o possi bl e f r i ct i on, spar ks, i mpact , st at i c el ect r i ci t y, et c . ,t he r egul at i ons cont ai ned i n t he Or dnance Saf et y Manual Shoul d bef ol l owed_ Exampl e of such wor k i s ammuni t i on dest r uct i on . TheSaf et y Manual cover s saf et y i n t he per f or mance of t he oper at i on andi n t he t vpe of equi pment necessar y f or t he per f or mance of i t .
160. l ; LNERAL PRECAUTI ONS.a.
I nvest i gat i on of acci dent s whi ch have occur r ed i n t he handl i ng,shi ppi ng, and st or i ng of expl osi ves and ammuni t i on i ndi cat es t hat .i n most cases wher e t he cause coul d be det er mi ned, t he acci dent wasdue t o ci r cumst ances whi ch may be cl assed as cont r ol l abl e. Ther e-f or e, t he f ol l owi ng gener al saf et y pr ecaut i ons wi l l be st r i ct l y enf or ced.
h.
For per sonnel .( 1)
Ammuni t i on wi l l be handl ed under t he di r ect super vi si on ofa compet ent per son who under st ands t hor oughl y t he hazar ds and r i sksi nvol ved. Per sons handl i ng ammuni t i on wi l l be i mpr essed wi t h t hef act t hat t hei r saf et y . es wel l as t hat of ot her s, depends upon t he i nt el -l i gence and car e exer ci sed by t hemsel ves and by t hei r f el l ow wor ker s.
( 2)
Per sonnel handl i ng ammuni t i on must not t amper wi t h anycomponent s or di sasser nVl e any component s, unl ess especi al l y aut hor -i zed t o do so. Ser i ous acci dent s may r esul t .
( 3)
Per sons handl i ng at r i muni t i on wi l l cl ean al l mud and gr i t f r omt hei r shoes bef or e ent er i ng t he magazi ne, car , boat , or vehi cl e i n whi cht her e ar e gxpl osi ves or ammuni t i on_
( 4)
Appr opr i at e pr ot ect i ve cl ot hi ng and saf et y equi pment wi l l bepr ovi ded and i t s use r equi r ed.
( 5)
Saf et y shoes wi l l be wor n i n l ocat i ons wher e oper at i ons r equi r et he handl i ng of oxposed expl osi ves whi ch may be i gni t ed by st at i cdi schar ge or wher e t her e may be exposed expl osi ves capabl e of bei ngi gni t ed by f r i ct i on or i mpact , Det ai l s of t ypes of saf et y shoes, con-
713
' Par , 140
TM9- 1904
Car &, Handl i ng, or al Pr eser vat i on
di t i ons under whi ch t hey shoul d be used, and o l i st of expl osi vesr equi r i ng use of such f oot wear may be obt ai ned f r omt he Of f i ce of t heChi ef of Or dnance.
V.
I n acunl ani l i on handl i ng.( 1)
The handl i ng of ammuni t i on shoul d al ways be conduct ed soas t o l i mi t t he number of per sonnel exposed and t he hazar dous mat e-r i al handl ed t o as smal l a quant i t y as i s pr act i cabl e.
( 2)
Expl osi ves and ammuni t i on wi l l be handl ed car ef ul l y_ Bal eho{ } ky wi l l not be used under condi t i ons wher e t he cont ai ner may bepenet r at ed by t he hook or f ul l of f t he hook, Cont ai ner s wi l l not bet ur +i bl ed, dr agged, t hr own, or dr opped on each ot her or r ol l ed or wal kedover on t he f l oor or dr opped f r omt ai l boar ds . Bombs equi pped wi t hshi ppi ng bands may be r ol l ed wi t h car e,
Separ at e- l oadi ng shel l mayhe r ol l ed, i f t he r ot at i ng band i s pr ot ect ed f r omdamage.
Met al r ol l erconveyor s and t r ucks may be used except f or hazar dous expl osi veswhi ch may be i gni t ed by spar ks_ Such expl osi ves shoul d be handl edei t her by hmand or wi t h wooden ur nompar ki ng conveyor s.
( 3)
I f t he pr ecaut i ons pr escr i bed her ei n ar e st r i ct l y compl i ed wi t hi n handl i ng ammuni t i on cont ai ni ng t he newer t ypes of expl osi ves . suchas Composi t i on B, pent ol i t e, and t et r yt ol , i t shoul d be no mor e danger ous t han t he handl i ng of ammuni t i on l oaded wi t h TNT,
Hi gh-expl osi ve i t ems wi t h t hi n wal l s and hi gh char ge- wei ght r at i o, r equi r especi al at t ent i on t o avoi d dent i ng t he wal l s.
Such i t ems must not behandl ed on chut es or ot her wi se subj ect ed t o excessi ve i mpact ,
( 4)
No t cxw%or equi pment so desi gned t hat st eel or ot her spar k-pr oduci ng met al t omes i n cont act wi t h expl osi ve mat er i al s %r i l l beused i n handl i ng hazar dous expl osi ve&
Saf et y t ool s ar e r equi r ed i nbox openi ng and r epai r .
Such t ool s ar e const r uct ed of wood or non-spar ki ng or spar k- r esi ut aat mat er i al s, as br onze, l ead, ber yl l i um al l oysand mor sel met al , whi ch, under nor mal condi t i ons, wi l l not pr oducespar ks .
( 5)
Gasol i ne- power ed l i f t t r ucl r s wi l l not be used f or handi ng ex-posed expl osi ves, or be used i n l ocat i ons wher e exposed expl osi ves ar epr esent .
They must not be used i n i gl oo magazi nes,
( 6)
Expl osi ves and ammuni t i on shoul d not be exposed t o moi st ur eor dampness or t o t he di r ect r ays of t he sun f or any l ong per i od.
I f i ti s necessar y t o l eave boxes t empor ar i l y out si de of magazi nes or car s,t hey shoul d be cover ed wi t h a t ar paul i n so pl aced t hat t her e i s f r eeci r cul at i on of ai r t hr ough t he pi l e.
( 7)
Ammuni t i on wi l l not be i mpr ovi sed, r econdi t i oned, r enovat ed,or sal vaged wi t hi n t he magazi ne ar ea unl ess t he si t es, bui l di ngs, or car si n whi ch wor k i s bei ng dome ar e devot ed excl usi vel y t o such wor k andar e speci f i cal l y appr oved. Quant i t y- di st ance r equi r ement s i n chapt er3 sect i on 11, must be obser ved.
414
TM 9- 1940
Pam 164- T61
( 8) I f expl osi ves spi l l oi ' si f t f r om s l eaky cont ai ner , al l wor kwi l l be st opped unt i l t he expl osi ves have been r emc>ved, and sur f aceswashed or desensi t i zed As f ar as pr act i cabl e,
161, FI RE PROTECTI ON.a, Gener al .
Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
( 1)
Fi r e pr event i on i s of t he - al most i mpor t ance.
Many of t hef i r es i nvol vi ng expl osi ves and ammuni t i on ar e pr event abl e,
I t i s t hedut y of al l concer ned i n t hei r handl i ng t o st udy t he causes of f i r es andt hor oughl y i nf or m t hemsel ves of t he saf et y pr ecaut i ons t hat must bet aken t o pr event t hem,
( 2)
Agr eat hazar d i n and ar ound expl osi ves i s heat .
Some expl o-si ves i gni t e at t emper at ur es subst ant i al l y l ower t han t hose r equi r ed t oi Vi t e wood, paper , or f abr i cs, and i gni t i on mi ght r esul t i n expl osi on.Ther ef or e, evi r y ef f or t wi l l be made t o mai nt ai n nor mal t emper at ur essur r oundi ng ammuni t i on and expl osi ve,
l b .
( : nur ses r t i f f i ver .
Fi r es i n magazi nes and magazi ne ar eas maybe due t o a number of causes, of whi ch t he f ol l owi ng ar e most common
( 1 )
DRYCRASS. LEAVES, AND UNDERBRUSH, These may be i gni t edby spar ks f r oml ocomot i ves, , by smoki ng or t he car el ess use of mat chesand camp t i r es.
( 2) DETLcx[ OKATI ON OF " PLOSI VES AND AMMUNI TI ON, Thi snor nwl l y occur s at such a sl ow r at e t hat mo+5t expl osi ves and ammuni -t i on r emai n ser vi ceabl e f or many year s . However , under unf avor abl econdi t i ons, expl osi ves and et nr nuni t i on may pr oduce heat so f ast t hati t cannot be di ssi pat ed, causi ng t he expl osi ve or ammuni t i on t o bur sti nt o dame. Wher e t he expl osi ve or ammuni t i on i s conf i ned, an expl o-st i on or det onat i on may r esul t .
( 3) RYPACKr NG, RENOVATI ON, AND SALVAGE OPERATI ONS, NO' rFROPRRLY SUPERVI SED AND I CQNDUCTED I N ACCORDANCE WI TH RECOC-Nr zED SAFETY STANDARD$, The most Coul man sour ces of t r oubl e ar eexcessi ve quant i t i es of powder and l oose expl osi ves, accumul at i on ofwast e paper , br oken boxes, unaut hor i zed use of spar ] : - pr oduci ng t ool s,def ect i ve machi ner y, f aul t y el ect r i cal equi pment , et c, , and f ai l ur e t opr ovi de t he pr oper bar r i cades and f i r ebr eaks necessar y t o pr event t hespr ead of f i r e f r omone oper at i on t o anot her ,
LACK OF TRAI NI NG, OR VI OLATI ONS OF I NSTRUCTI ONS ORWRI ' YTEN REGULATI ONS_ The Mo&t common vi ol et i Onu i nvol ve smok-i ng, car r yi ng mat ches i n f or bi dden ar eas and bui l di ngs, or t amper i ngwi t h expl osi ves or ammuni t i on, par t i cul ar l y gr enades or f uzes.
( S) FAI LURE TO VKDERSTAND AND CAREFULLY OBSERVE THESAFETY FRI t CAUTI QNS PRESCRI BED FOR DESTROYI NG EXPLOSI VES ANDAMMUNI TI ON. The most f r equent sour ce Of t r oubl e . i s f l yi ng f r agment swhi ch cause gr ass f i r es or expl ode pi l es of expl osi ves and XLmr nunl t i onawai t i ng dest r uct i on .
215
Par . 161
TM 9- 1900Car e, Handl ! YW, and Pr ecer vat i on
( 6)
SI ' ARRS.
Ther e may be caused by st r i ki ng i r on or st eel nai l sor met al cont ai ner s wi t h i r on or st eel t oot s, or by nai l s i n shoes st r i ki ngf l i nt , pebbl es, sand gr ai ns, or nai l s i n t he f l oor ,
Such spar ks, smal l ast hey ar e, have caused di sast r ous expl osi or r sXof bl ack powder or t he dustof ot her expl osi ves whi ch i gni t e easi l y . Thi s hazar d i s t he basi s f orr equi r i ng t ool s of br ass, copper , or ot her nonspar ki ng mat er i al s, cl ean-i ng mud and di r t f r omshoes bef or e ent er i ng magazi nes, and wear i ngsaf et y shoes appr oved by t he Chi ef of Or dnance, when exposed expl o-si ves ar e pr esent ,
( 7) STATI C ELF+CTRI CI TY. Char ges of st at i c el ect r i ci t y can beaccumul at ed on a per son and on expl osi ve mat er i al such as smokel esspowder . The di schar ge of st at i c el ect r i ci t y i s consi der ed a ser i oushazar d i n t kke pr esence of cer t ai n exposed expl osi ves, dust and ai rmi xt ur es, and i nf l ammabl e vapor - ai r mi xt ur es. Pr ocessi ng equi pmentf or such mat er i al s subj ect t o st at i c di schar ge shoul d be el ect r i cal l ygr ounded; benches and f l oor i ng shoul d be cover ed wi t h el ect r i cal l ygr ounded conduct i ve mat er i al ; and per sonnel pr ovi ded wi t h saf et yshoes of aut hor i zed t ypes . Cushi oned met al chai r s shoul d not be usedi n l ocat i ons wher e expl osi ves or hi ghl y i nf l ammabl e mat er i al s ar epr esent .
i ; )
FAI LURETOCONTROL SAFELY THE USE OF HVAT- ANDFLAMEPRODUCI NC EQUI PMENT.
Such equi pment may be t hat used i n mai n-t enance wor k on bui l di ngs or t hat cont ami nat ed wi t h expl osi vemat er i al .
( 9)
LI GHTN1NG. Li ght ni ng may st r i ke bui l di ngs, t r ees, or ot herobj ect s i n or near expl osi ve ar eas . Al l bui l di ngs and st r uct ur es i nst or age ar eas shoul d have compl et e l i ght ni ng pr ot ect i on whi ch meat st he r equi r ement s of t he Chi ef of Or dnance_
( 11} ) ELECTRI C TRANSMI SSI OX Lm- 5. These ar e of t en bl owndown or come i n cont act wi t h Combust i bl e mat er i al s.
( 11)
L. 4cx OF A PROPER MUFFLER, or t he use of a i nuf f i er cut outon r hot or vehi cl es can cause f i r es .
Fi r e- pr event i on r egul at i ons.
( 1)
Mat ches or ot her f l ame- or spar k- pr oduci ng devi ces wi l l notbe per mi t t ed i n any magazi ne ar ea or expl osi ves ar ea except by wr i t t enaut hor i t y of t he commandi ng of f i cer .
( 2)
Smoki ng i s pr ohi bi t ed i n any magazi ne or magazi ne ar ea, orar ound car s, wagons, mot or t r ucks, or boat s i n whi ch t her e ar e expl o-si ves or ammuni t i on. Bui l di ngs or l ocat i ons f or smoki ng may be desi g-nat ed out si de r est r i ct ed ar ea, subj ect t o f ol l owi ng l i mi t at i ons t hat .
TM9- T900
Par . 161Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
( a)
Smoki ng wi l l not be al l owed i n l ocat i on, 4 cl oser t han 60 f eet t obui l di ngs cont ai ni ng expl osi ves, ammuni t i on, or hazar dous mat er i al s,
( h)
Wi ndows and d( I - UTS of bui l di ngs cl ose t o expl osi veb or ammu.ni t i on ar eas whi ch ar e appr oved f or smoki ng wi l l be f i t t ed wi t h wi r escr eens.
( c)
Sui t aht e r ecept acl es r nust be pr ovi ded f or ci gar et t e and ci garbut t s and pi pe-
heel s- ( d)
Onl y per manent l y i nst al l ed el ect r i c l i ght er s of appr oved t ypesshal l be used i n t he bui l di ng.
( c) Hand f i r e ext i ngui sher s, sand boxes, and wr i t er bar r el s wi t l ibucket s wi l l be f nr ni shed as r equi r ed f or each r oomor bui l di ng i n whi chSanoki ng i s per mi t t ed. Per sons whose cl ot hi ng i s cont ami nat ed wi t hexpl osi ves or ot her hazar dous mat er i al s wi l l not be per mi t t ed i n suchar eas .
( 3)
Al l f l ashl i ght or 9t vr age- bat t er y l amps used i n bui l di ngs con-t ai ni ng expl osi ves or f l ammabl e vapot s shal l be t ypes appr oved as" per mi ssi bl e" by t he Uni t ed St at es Bur eau of Mi nes or by e si mi l ar l yr ecogni zed t est i ng l abor at or y f or t hat speci f i c t ype of exposur e,
( 4)
I f gasol i ne or el ect r i c- power ed l i f t t r ucks ar e used f or t r ans-por t i ng expl osi ves or ammuni t i on, t he r equi r ement s of t he Chi ef ofOr dnance wi l l be compl i ed wi t h.
( 5)
Wher e i t i s necessar y t o i nst al l power t r ansmi ssi on and ser vi cel i nes i n t he vi ci ni t y of bui l di ngs cont ai ni ng expl osi ves, t he di st ance oft he l i nes f r omt he bui l di ngs wi l l be gr eat er t han t he di st ance bet weent he pol es whi ch suppor t t he l i nes Thi s i s t o pr event br oken ' Wi r e&f r omhi t t i ng t he bui l di ng.
Over head t r ansmi ssi on l i ne must not passwi t hi n So f eet of t he bui l di ngs,
I n f ut ur e i nst al l at i ons, power l i nes wt dser vi ces ent er i ng bui l di ngs cont ai ni ng expl osi ves must be pl aced under -gr ound wi t hi n 50 f eet of t he bui l di ng,
( 6 ; ) Veget at i on i n t he f or m of gr ass, under gr owt h, weeds, et c. ,whi ch i s or may become a f i r e hazar d wi l l be cont r ol l ed by t he use ofchemi cal weed ki l l er or by mowi ng, pl owi ng, cut t i ng, l i vest ock gazi ngor , i n cal m weat her and wi t h pr oper cont r ol , by bur ni ng_ Chemi calweed ki l l er s shoul d not cont ai n chl or at es or ot her subst ances whi chmay i gni t e spont aneousl y under hot dr y condi t i ons,
Bur ni ng shoul dnot be per mi t t ed wi t hi n t he 50- f oot space speci f i ed i n t he par agr aphbel ow.
Br uBh, gr ass, wood, et c . , i n pi l es, ' wi l l nut be bur ned wi t hi n 200f eet of a magazi ne, Reser ve suppl i es of dunnage shoul d not be st or edhaphazar dl y i nsi de t he magazi ne ar ea and i n nacase wi t hi n t he 50- f ootf i r ebr eak ar ound t he magazi ne.
( 7)
A f i r ebr eak at l east 50 f eet wi de and as f r ee as pr act i cabl ef r om i nf l ammabl e mat er i al wi l l be mai nt ai ned ar ound each above
r 71; 121 0 - 46 - 14
Par . 161 1M 9- 1904Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
gr ound magazi ne. The ear t h adj acent t o and ext endi ng over i gl oomagazi nes wi l l be cl ear ed of dr y debr i s . Fi r ebr eaks ar ound t he ent i r emagazi ne ar ea and at ot her pl aces wi t hi n t he magazi ne ar ea, such asal ongr ai l r oad t r acks, wi l l be mai nt ai ned wher ever necessar y.
( 8)
Locomot i ves, t r ai ns, and ot her r ai l vehi cl es used i n t he mag-azi ne ar ea wi l l be sa equi pped t hat t he communi cat i on of f i r e i s pr event ed i nsof ar as pr act i cabl e,
I nspect i ons wi l l be made r egul ar l y t oi nsur e t hat saf e condi t i ons ar e mai nt ai ned.
( 9) Gasol i ne or ot her hi ghl y i nf l ammabl e l i qui ds wi l l not be usedf or cl eani ng pur poses . Sol vent , dr y cl eani ng, Feder al Speci f i cat i onP- S- 661a ( Quar t er mast er i ssue) wi l l be used i n al l cases wher e sol -vent s of t hi s nat ur e ar e r equi r ed. Dr y- cl eani ng sol vent i s i nf l am-mabl e di f f er i ng pr i nci pal l y f r omgasol i ne i n havi ng a hi gher f l ash- poi nt .When handl i ng dr y- cl eani ng sol vent , AR 850- 20, " Pr ecaut i ons i nHandl i ng Gasol i ne" , wi l l be obser ved i n al l cases. Thi s r egul at i ondoes not pr ohi bi t t he use of t r i sodi um phosphat e, t r i chl or oet hyi ene,t et r acbl or oet hane, or si mi l ar cl eani ng or degr easi ng subst ances f orcl eani ng oper at i ons. However , si nce many of t he i ndust r i al or gani csol vent s have pr onounced t oxi c pr oper t i es, par t i cul ar l y i n vapor f or m,car e must be t aken i t s t he sel ect i on of degr easi ng subst ances andappar at us. Adequat e vent i l at i on must be pr ovi ded.
( 10) Aut omobi l e par ki ng shoul d be r egul at ed so t hat aut omobi l eswi l l not bepar ked cl oser t het a 25 f eet t o bui l di ngs or f i r e hydr ant s .
( 11)
Ammuni t i on boxes, cont ai ner d, dunnage, and l umber mustbe st acked i n an or der l y manner when i n t he vi ci ni t y of expl osi vesr enovat i on, handl i ng, or st or age oper at i ons, St acks of such combus-t i bl e mat er i al s must be l i mi t ed t o smal l ar eas bet ween f i r e br eaks.Thi s i s a means of l i mi t i ng t he spr ead of f i r e i nsof ar as i t i s pr act i cabl econsi der i ng t he avai l abl e space, Avai l abl e means of ext i ngui shi ng f i r e,and t he pr obabi l i t y of f i r e occur r i ng.
Under aver age condi t i ons, ar easunder sol i d st acks of such mat er i al s shoul d be l i mi t ed t o 1, 500 squar ef eet separ at ed f r omot her si mi l ar ar eas by 25- f oot f i r e br eaks i n whi chveget at i on has been cut and cont r ol l ed .
Bul k st acki ng of such mat e-r i al s shoul d not be cl oser t han 500 f eet t o magazi nes or ot her bui l d-i ngs cont ai ni ng hi gh expl osi ves, except t hat wor ki ng quant i t i es wi t hi npr act i cabl e l i mi t s may be st acked i n t he vi ci ni t y of expl osi ve maga-zi nes, but not cl oser t han 50 f eet . Wat er bar r el s and pai l s shoul d bel i ber al l y pr ovi ded i n such ar eas wi t h whi ch t o ext i ngui sh i nci pi entf i r es.
( 11)
The above r ul es wi l l be suppl ement ed by such addi t i onalr ul es as t he commandi ng of f i cer deems necessar y t o secur e adequat epr ot ect i on agai nst f i r es,
214
TM 9- 1900
Par . 161Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
d,
f i r e- f i ght i ng f aci l i t i es,( 1) A f i r e i nvol vi ng expl osi ves or ammuni t i on may r esul t so
qui ckl y i n an i nt ense conf l agr at i on or expl osi on t hat means f ori mmedi at el y at t acki ng t he f i r st smal l bl aze det ect ed ar e vi t al l y i m-por t ant _ I mmedi at e use must of t en be made of hand equi pment I naddi t i on t o or gani zed per manent f aci l i t i es, t he f ol l owi ng t ypes off i r e- f i ght i ng equi pment may be used t o good advant age:
( a) Bar r el s and bucket s f i l l ed wi t h wat er , pl aced at eachmagazi ne. I f t hi s cl ass of f i r e} f i ght i ng equi pment i s al ways mai nt ai nedso t hat i t can be depended upon i n case of f i r e, i t i s a val uabt a f i r epr ot ect i on. However , i n t he summer t i me t he bar r el s must be f r e-quent l y r ef i l l ed, and i n f r eezi ng weat her cal ci umchl or i de or sal t mustbe added. Bucket s det er i or at e r api dl y unl ess t hey ar e f r equent l ypai nt ed or pr ot ect ed f r omt he weat her , and ar e bl own about by wi ndst or ms i f t hey ar e not secur el y f ast ened i n pl ace.
Fast eni ng devi cesmust be r el easabl e at wi l l .
( b)
Boxes and bucket s f i l l ed wi t h sand, and shovel s.( c)
Dur i ng f r eezi ng weat her , t r ucks and t r ai l er s f i l l ed wi t h wat er, N,i l l r equi r e heat ed st or age, Pr ovi si on shoul d be made f or r api dmovement of t he equi pment t o t he scene of t he l i r e .
( d)
To combat gr ass or f or est f i r es i n or near t he magazi ne ar eas,t her e wi l l be mai nt ai ned at sui t abl e l ocat i ons an adequat e suppl y ofgunny sacks, br ooms, r akes, hoes, or ot her si mi l ar equi pment . Thi sequi pment shoul d be r egul ar l y i nspect ed and pr ot ect ed agai nst t hef tor unaut hor i zed use.
( 2)
Wr en expl osi ves and ammuni t i on ar e bei ng handl ed or wor ki s bei ng done i n t he i mmedi at e vi ci ni t y of such st or es . t her e wi l l bepr esent , r eady f or i mmedi at e use, t wo chemi cal or ot her t ype handf i r e ext i ngui sher s_ r t i s not r equi r ed t hat t hese be per manent l yl ocat ed i n a magazi ne, al t hough t hi s shoul d be done i f pr act i cabl e, buti t i s r equi r ed t hat t hese be i n an accessi bl e l ocat i on. Ser i ous f i r esmay be avoi ded by t he pr ompt use of hand f i r e ext i ngui sher s .
' t hey,ar e r equi r ed pr i mar i l y f or use on i nci pi ent f oes i n i ner t combust i bl essuch as gr ass, gr ease, oi l , dunnage, et c. , whi ch i f not ext i ngui shedmi ght r each expl osi ves, Per $oonel ot her t han t he one usi ng t heext i ngni sber shoul d seek saf et y i mmedi at el y, r epor t i ng t he f i r e en.r out e.
( 3)
The wat er di st r i but i on syst em shoul d be pr ot ect ed by sec-t i onal cont r ol val ves so t hat damaged sect i ons of t he mai n can becut of f wi t hout i mpai r i ng t he oper at i on of t he r emai nder of t hesyst em.
Wat er mai ns shoul d not be l ocat ed under r ai l r oads or r oadsused f or conveyi ng l ar ge quant i t i es of expl osi ves or ammuni t i on, as a
319
Par s . 161- 163
TM9- 1900Car e. Har uf 1mg, and Pr eaer vahar r
det onat i on may cause a br eakage of t he mai n.
When i t i s necessar yt o have wat er mai ns pass under r ai l r oads or r oads, car s or t r ucksl anded wi t h expl osi ves or ammuni t i on wi l l not be per mi t t ed t o r emai nover t hese wat er mai ns l onger t han necessar y f or cont i nuous t r aveland sui t abl e si gns wi l l i ndi cat e such l ocat i on. Wat er mai ns shoul dbe pr ot ect ed wi t h cut - of f val ves on bot h si des of t he r ai l r oad or r oad.Fi r e hydr ant s shoul d l i e connect ed t o t i t ooped gr i d syst em so as t opr ovi de suppl y f r ommor e t han one cl i r ect i on.
( 4)
The dut i es of guar ds, f i r emen, mi l i t ar y per sonnel , and ot her swi l l be so ar r anged t hat an adequat e f i r e- f i ght i ng f or ce wi l l be avai l -abl e at al l t i r nXs .
( 5) Fi r e dr t i l 1s and i nspect i ons wi l l be car ef ul l y conduct ed t oi nsur e t hat f i r e- f i ght i ng f or ces under st and t hei r dut i es and t hat f i r e-f i ght i ng equi pment f unct i ons dependabl y under act ual wor ki ng condi -t i ons . Fr equent l y, hose not t est ed t o wor ki ng pr essur es bur st whenmost needed.
I162,
FI RES I N WHI CHEXPLOSI VES ARE I NVOLVED,a. Fi r es whi ch may occur i n bui l di ngs or magazi nes cont ai ni ng
expl osi ves wi l l var y i n i nt ensi t y and ef f ect , dependi ng on t he mat er i ali nvol ved i n t he f i r e. Cer t ai n expl osi ves wi l l det onat e or expl odei mmedi at el y on cont act wi t h a spar k or f l ame, or when subj ect ed t of r i ct i onal heat or concussi on, Fi r e way or may not r esul t f r omt hedet onat i on. Some expl osi ve subst ances may bur n f r eel y whi l e ot her swi l l he subj ect t o expl osi on whi l e bur ni ng, or wi l l devel op such i nt enseheat as i n t he cr use of smokel ess powder , t hat f i r e- f i ght i ng ef f or t s r i l lbe i mpossi bl e.
Fi r e- f i ght i ng f oj r es shoul d be wel l acquai nt ed wi t h t hehazar ds and best mel l hods of combat i ng f i r es i n al l such mat er i al sunder t hei r pr ot ect i on.
1} .
Wi t h cer t ai n except i ons wat er wi l l be used as t he f i r e- f i ght i ngmedi um, Gener al l y speaki ng, bar ge vol umes of wat er spr ay or f ogpr oduced by nozzl es desi gned f or t he pur pose wi l l pr ove mor e ef f i ci entt han sol i d st r eams of wat er f or exl i ngul shi ng f i r es of an expl osi venat ur e.
Sol i d st r eams of wat er at hi gh pr essur es shoul d be used whenconsi der at i on f or t he saf et y of f i r e- f i ght i ng per sonnel makes i t i mpos-si bl e t o Appr oach t he seat of t he f i r e.
I n f i r e- f or ce t r ai ni ng pr ogr ams,emphasi s shoul d be pl aced on l ayi ng as many hose l i nes as possi bl e,i n or der t o sur r ound and conf i ne t he f i r e_
163. GENERAL I NSTRUCTI ONS I N COI t 113ATI NC FI RES I N-- YoLVI NG EXPLOSI VES.
t t .
Gener al i nst r uct i ons whi ch wi l l be f ol l owed i n car nbat i ng anyf i r es i nvol vi ng expl osi ves and ammuni t i on ar e as f ol l ows :
TM 9- 1900
Par s . 163- 165
Wer e, Handl i ng, and Pr esdr vat i an
( 1)
When a guar d or wat chman di scover s smoke coi ni ng f r ar r o acl osed magazi ne, or ot her evi dence t hat a magazi no i s af i r e, he wi l lgi ve t he al ar m as qui ckl y ns possi bl e.
l - I e wi l l not ent er t he bur ni ngbui l di ng si nce he may become t r apped and be unabl e t o gi ve t heal ar m.
I f t he f i r e i s di scover ed i n t he gr asp or ot her combust i bl emat er i al sur r oundi ng t ho magazi ne, t he al ar m shoul d be gi ven i r nme-di at el y and t he guar d shoul d t hen do al l t hat i s possi bl e, usi ng ext i n-gui sher s, wat er f r omnear by wat er bar r el s, or gr ass f i r e- f i ght i ng t ool s,t o ext i ngui sh or cont r ol t he f i r e unt i l t he f i r e- f i ght i ng f or ces ar r i ve.
( 2)
When a wor kman or ot her per son di scover s a f i r e i n a bui l d-i ng wher e peopl e ar e wor ki ng mi d expl osi ves Ar e pr esent , per sonnelpr esent wi l l be ovacuat ed by sui t abl e si gnal i n accor dance wi t h pr ear r anged pl ans .
At l east one r esponsi bl e messenger wi l l be di spat chedi n t he di r ect i on f r omwhi ch t he f i r e depar unont i s expect ed, t o i nf or mt hem of t he nat ur e and oxt snt of t he f i r e . The of f i cer i n char ge off i t w f i ght er s wi l l , l ot per mi t t he advance of hi s men t o such a f i r e unl esf ihe has what he bel i eves t o be accur at e i nf or mat i on as t o t he exi st i ngcondi t i ons and concl udes t her ef r om t hat he i s j ust i f i ed i n doi ng so( par . 165) .
( 3) Fi r e- f i ght i ng f or ces wi l l at i a( : k a gr ass f i r e vi gor ousl y andendeavor t o ext i ngui sh i t even when i t i s cl ose t o a magazi ne_ I f a f i r ehas act ual l y gai ned headway i n a magazi ne, f i r e- f i ght i ng f or ces shoul dei t her cor t sbat t he f i r e or seek t he near est sui t abl e pr ot ect i on, depend-i ng on t he t ype of ai mi t uni t i on or expl osi ves wi t hi n t he magazi ne( par , 165) .
164.
1DEV11FI CATI ONOF MAGAZI NES. As a means of pr ovi d-i ng a gui de t o f i r e- f i ght i ng f or ces, t he Or dnance Depar t ment di vi desexpl osi ves i nt o f our gr oups i n accor dance wi t h t he gener al bur ni ngor expl osi ve char act er i st i cs of t he mat er i al s and t he r el at i ve dangerencount er ed i n f i ght i ng f i r es i n whi ch t hey ar e pr esent . The f ourgr oups ar e i dent i f i ed by syr nhul number s 1 t hr ough 4, t he hazar d t of i r e f i ght er s i ncr eor oi ng pr ogr essi vel y wi t h t he number s. Or dnancer egul at i ons r equi r e t hat or dnance bui l di ngk: cont ai ni ng baxsr dous orexpl osi ve i nat er i al sX ex<~ept i gl oo magazi nes, be pl ai nl y mar ked wi t ht he symbol number ( no l ess t han 24 i nches ( si gh) of t he most hazar d-ous mat er i al cont ai ned t her ei t - 4 as descr i bed i n par agr aph 165.
165, FI RE HAZARD GROUPS AND FI RE- FI GHTI NG PRO-CEDURES,
a.
Syml wl 1.
Thi s gr oup consi st s of Cl asses 1, 11, and 12 ammu-ni t i on: met al l i c powder s i n I CC appr oved shi ppi ng cont ai ner s ; andchl or at es, per chl or at es, per oxi des. ni t r at es, and ot her i nor gani c oxi di z-
Par . 165
TM 9- 1900Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vo6on
i ns agent s i n seal ed cont ai ner s. Whi l e t hese mat er i al s ar e pr i nci pal l yf i r e hazar ds and f i r es i n whi ch t hey ar e i nvol ved may be f ought , mi norexpl osi ons may be expect ed so t hat ext r eme caut i on must be exer ci sedi n accor dance wi t h t he f ol l owi ng :
{ 1) SMAkL- ARMS AMMUNI TI ON. Shi ppi ng Cont ai ner s of smal l -ar ms ammuni t i on, especi al l y when t r acer ar l d i ncendi ar y r ounds ar ei ncl uded wi l l cont i nue t o bur n f i er cel y even af t er t he magazi ne hasbeen consur ned, Per sonnel at t empt i ng t o f i ght t he f i r e af t er f i r e hasr eached t he ammuni t i on i t sel f must be shi el ded f r oml i ght hat mi ssi l eswhi ch may be expect ed t o t r avel up t o 200 Sr ar ds at a vel oci t y ofappr oxi mat el y 200 f eet per second. Sheet met al cover ed woodenshi el ds can be used and moved t o var i ous vant age poi nt s . Whenpr act i cabl e t o use wat er spr ay, i t wi l l be f ound ver y ef f ect i ve i next i ngui shi ng such f i r es,
( 2)
Oxi di zi ng agent s ar e not f l ammabl e i n t hemsel ves, but whenheat ed i n a f i r e i nvol vi ng combust i bl es, gi ve of f oxygen whi ch gr eat l yf aci l i t at es bur ni ng, Fi r e f i ght er s shoul d be pr ovi ded wi t h sui t abl emasks t o guar d agai nst poi sonous f umes r esul t i ng f r om such f i r es.Cool i ng or dr owni ng wi t h l ar ge quant i t i es of wat er may ser ve t o con-" I or ext i ngui sh t hese f i r es, but af t er t he f i r e has gai ned consi der abl eheadway, f i r e- f i ght i ng ef f or t s may, of necessi t y, be conf i ned t o pr o-t ect i ng adj acent pr oper t y as much as possi bl e,
( 3)
CHEMI CAL AMMUNI TI ON. For f i r es i nvol vi ng chemi cal ammu-ni t i on cont ai ni ng bl i st er i ng agent s, al l f i r e f i ght er s wi l l be pr ot ect edby masks and compl et e pr ot ect i ve cl ot hi ng.
I f pr act i cabl e, such f i r eswi l l be f ought f r om t he wi ndwar d si de .
Al l unpr ot ect ed per sonneldownwi nd wi l l be evacuat ed and ci vi l i an i nhabi t ant s war ned. Fi r esi nvol vi ng t oxi c chemi cal s wi l l be f ought wi t h si mi l ar pr ecaut i onsexcept t hat t he danger ar ea downwi nd i s l ess.
Fi r e f i ght er s wi l l bepr ot ect ed wi t h sui t abl e masks.
I n f i r es i nvol vi ng HCsmoke mi xt ur e,at t empt s shoul d be made t o r emove and segr egat e t he bur ni ng con-t ai ner s. When a r el at i vel y smal l amount of HC smoke mi xt ur e i si nvol ved i n a f i r e, i t can be " dr owned" wi t h wat er . Wat er wi l l al soser ve t o cool adj acent cont ai ner s t o pr event f ur t her spr ead. Unl esswat er can be appl i ed i n l ar ge amount s i n r el at i on t o t he act ual HCsmoke mi xt ur e whi ch i s exposed and bur ni ng, t he ef f or t s t o f i ght t hef i r e wi l l be i nef f ect i ve and t he mat er i al may expl ode. Fi r e f i ght er sshoul d not eat er magazi nes cont ai ni ng a hi gh concent r at i on of HCsmoke unl ess adequat el y pr ot ect ed by oxygen masks and suppl i edwi t h l i f e l i nes .
1) .
Symbol 2.
Thi s gr oup consi st s of Cl ass 3 ammuni t i on andexpl osi ves .
232
TM 9- 1900
Far . 165Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vof i on
( 1)
Per sonnel di scover i ng such a f i r e shoul d gi ve t he al ar m andat t empt t o put t he f i r e out wi t h t he equi pment on hand, pr ovi ded t hef i r e i s i t i t he i nci pi ent st age. The f i r e- f i ght i ng or gani zat i on shoul df i ght t he f i r e i f t her e i s a possi bi l i t y of ext i ngui shi ng i t .
I f t hi s doesnot seempossi bl e, t he bui l di ng shoul d be abandoned and f i r e- f i ght i ngef f or t s concent r at ed on pr event i ng t he spr ead of t he f i r e, Li mi t edexpl osi ons may be expect ed f r om f i r e i n t hese mat er i al s.
Per sonnelshoul d exer ci se gl ue pr ecaut i ons t o pr event i nj ur y t o t hemsel ves andt hei r equi pment
c.
SvnAMl : I .
Thi s gr oup consi st s of Cl ass 2 smokel ess powder i nbul k shi ppi ng cont ai ner s and Cl ass 2 pyr ot echni c mat er i al .
( 1)
Unl ess t he f i r e i s of a mi nor nat ur e and does not i nvol ve t heexpl osi ve i t sel f , and t her e i s a chance of cont r ol l i ng i t , f i r e- f ht i ngshoul d be conf i ned t o pr event i ng t he spr ead of t he f i r e t o ot her bui l di ngs .
These met e6al s bur n wi t h i nt ense heat and per sonnel and f i r e-f i ght i ng equi pment shoul d be adequat el y pr ot ect ed.
( 2) PHOSPI RoxUB. I n f i r es i nvol vi ng phosphor us, per sonnel en.t et i ng magazi nes wi t h por t abl e ext i ngui sher s wi l l have l i f e l i nesat t ached i n or der t o be abl e t o f i nd t hei r way out t hr ough t he heavysmoke, I t shoul d be r emember ed t hat phosphor us wi l l at op bur ni ngonl y so l ong as i t i s under wat er , when exposed agai n t o t he ai r , i ti gni t es spont aneousl y .
( 3)
PYROTEM4ni cs . When f i r e i nvol ves pyr ot echni cs and l ar gequant i t i es of magnesi um- t ype i ncendi ar i es, f i r e f i ght er s shoul d conf i neef f or t s t o pr ot ect i ng adj acent bui l di ngs and magazi nes. Wat er mayaccel er at e bur ni ng and cause expl osi ons whi ch may scat t er bur ni ngmat er i al . The use of car bon di oxi de and car bon t et r achl or i de ex-t i ngui sher s on such f i r es wi l l cr eat e poi sonous gases. Smal l f i r esi nvol vi ng 50 pounds or l ess of magnesi umcan be smot her ed wi t h dr yi ner t mat er i al whi ch i s powder ed or gr anul ar , such as har d coal , t ar ,pi t ch, gr aphi t e ( pr ef er abl y coat ed t o el i mi nat e dust ) , r ust - f r ee casti r on bor i ngs, sof t coal . t al c, sal t , or $and_
Asbest os, sand, sal t , and t al car e not i ner t i n magnesi umf i r es, but may be used dr y i f t he f i r e i ssmal l .
The powder shoul d be pl aced over t he bur ni ng mat er i al so ast o cover i t t o a dept h of one i nch or mor e,
I t shoul d not be di st ur bedunt i l t he magnesi umhas cool ed except when t he f i r e i s on a f l oor off l ar r nt nabl e mat er i al , i n whi ch case, af t er t he f i r e i s cover ed, a t wo- i nchl ayer of ext i ngui shi ng powder shoul d be put on t he f l oor besi de t hef i r e and t he bur ni ng mat er i al r aked ont o t he i nsul at i ng l ayer andr esmot her ed.
d.
Symbol 4.
Thi s gr oup i ncl udes Cl asses 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10ammuni t i on and oxpl asi ves.
223
TM 4- 1900
Par s, 166- 167Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vai ; vr r
f i ght i ng f or d Avr i ve, except t hat shoul d a f i r e occur i n a cl osedMagazi ne, t hey wi l l not at t empt t o ent er t he magazi ne.
c.
Hunt er s ei t her i nsi de or out si de a magazi ne ar ea who ar e f oundusi ng f i r e- ar ms i n a manner whi ch may endanger st or es wi l l be r epor t ed .
Hunt er s i n such ar eas shoul d be war ned not t o shoot .cf .
Except under emer gency condi t i ons, guar ds pr ot ect i ng ammu-ni t i on and expl osi ves, wi l l not be ar t ned wi t h r i f l es,
Gener al l y, shotguns ar e r ecommended f or guar d pur poses.
Many mi l i t ar y expl osi vesar e not i ni t i at ed by l ow vel oci t y pr oj ect i l es, but any bul l et st r i ki ngexpl osi ves may cause a ser i ous f i r e and/ or expl osi on.
Guar ds pr ot ect -i ng expl osi ves or ammuni t i on wi l l be i nst r uct ed r egar di ng t he dangerof f i r i ng i n t he di r ect i on of a magazi ne.
e.
Guar ds shoul d he i nst r uct ed t o make a pr ompt r epor t of t hef ol l owi ng :
( 1)
Any unusual occur r ence i n or near a magazi ne ar ea.( 2)
Gr ass or f or est f i r es i n ar eas adj acent t o t he magazi ne ar ea,( 3) Danger ous pr act i ces of per sonnel war ki r i g i n magazi nes or
expl osi ves ar eas, such as smoki ng, unaut hor i zed use of f i r e equi pment ,and t amper i ng wi t h ammuni t i on or el ect r i cal equi pment
( 4)
Unl ocked magazi nes doomand shut t er s, def ect i ve t el ephoneand el ect r i c wi r es, and openi ngs i n f ences sut r oundi ng t he magazi nes.
767. ( *h; NERAL.
sect i on 11
STORAGE
a.
I n t hese gener al pr ecaut i ons, t he war d " magazi ne" i s i nt endedt o cover any space cont ai ni ng a suppl y of expl osi ve mat er i al , andi ncl udes such pl aces as an above- gr ound magazi ne, ear t h- cover ed i gl oo-t ype magazi ne, r ai l r oad car , t he body of a mot or t r uck, a t empor ar yshel t er , or a st ack.
h.
Gener al st or age r egul at i ons ar e cont ai ned i n AR700- 10, Regu.l at i ons f ar or dnance est abl i shment s ar e cont ai ned i n t he Or dnanceSaf et y Manual ( 0, 13, Far mNo. 7224) , and Or dnance Depar t mentSaf et y Bul l et i ns whi ch suppl ement t hat manual , Regul at i ons andi nst r uct i ons i n t hi s sect i on ar e f or Zone of I nt er i or Mass I , I I and I I Ii nst al l at i ons whi ch st or e l i mi t ed quant i t i es of expl osi ves and ammuni -t i on . Lar ger quant i t i es shoul d be st or ed i n accor dance wi t h r egul a-
423
Par s . 167- 168
TM 9- 1400Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr ewr v$6on
t i ot i s pr escr i bed f or Cl ass I V ; nst al l at i ons under t he cont r ol of t heChi ef of Or dnance. Regul at i ons f or over seas i nst al l at i ons ar e con-t ai ned i n FM9. 6, " Ammuni t i on Suppl y" , and FM9- 20, " ' Or dnanceAmmuni t i on Company, Or dnance Ammuni t i on Bat t al i on, "
1613, GF1; 1hl ( AL SoTORACL PRECAUTI ONS.Expl osi ves and ammuni t i on shoul d be st or ed i n bui l di ngs
desi gned. desi gnat ed, and i sol at ed f or t he speci f i c pur pose. Expl o6vesand ammuni t i on wi l l not he st or ed i n bui l di ngs whi ch ar e used f orot her pur poses such as basement s or at t i cs of bar r acks, companysuppl y r ooms: or gener al st or ehouses, When speci al l y const r uct edmagazi nes ar e not avai l abl e. t he bui l di ngs used must af f or d good pr o-t ect i on agai nst moi st ur e and dampness, and have means f or adequat event i l at i on_ They must be f l oor ed wi t h appr oved mat er i al ar i d maynot be heat ed by open f i r es or st oves.
l ) . Ammuni t i on shoul d be st acked by l ot number i n st acksar r anged so ( hat no obst acl e i s of f er ed t o f r ee ci r cul at i on of ai r beneat hand t hr oughout t he st ack . When mor e t han one l ot i s st or ed, al li t ems or cont ai ner s of a l ot shoul d be st or ed t oget her and t he l i ne ofsepar at i on bet ween l ot s cl ear l y i ndi cat ed . Lot s of ammuni t i on shoul dnever be mi xed at r andom, The t ops of ammuni t i on st acks shoul dbe bel ow t he l evel of t he eaves t o avoi d t he heat ed space di r ect l ybeneat h t he r oof . The bot t om l ayer shoul d be r ai sed of f t he f l oorabout t wo i nches,
Dunnage shoul d be l evel ; i f necessar y, shi ms orwedges, shoul d be used.
St acks shoul d not be so hi gh t hat ammuni t i onor i t s cont ai ner s i n t he l ower l ayer s wi l l be cr ushed or def or med.Par t l y f i l l ed boxes shoul d be f ast ened secur el y, mar ked, and kept ont he t op of t he pi l e .
e . Ruxes, cases, and ot her cont ai ner s of ammuni t i on shoul d becl ean and dr y bef or e bei ng st or ed . Ammuni t i on cont ai ner s shoul d notbe opened i n a magazi ne. They shoul d not be st or ed af t er havi ngbeen opened unl ess t hey ar e secur el y cl osed. except t hat ammuni t i onand expl osi ves i n damaged cont ai ner s i n pr ocess of bei ng r epai r ednLay be st or ed over ni ght i n magazi nes . When i t i s necessar y t o st or eammuni t i on and expl osi ves over ni ght i n damaged cont ai ner s, t heyshoul d be separ at ed f r omser vi ceabl e ammuni t i on.
Repai r or changeof cont Ai ner wi l l not t ake pl ace i n or wi t hi n 100 f eet of a magazi necont ai ni ng expl osi ves .
d.
Rounds or component s wi l l not be kepi l oose i n a magazi ne.No empt y cont ai ner , excess dunnage, or t ool s shoul d be per mi t t ed t or emai n i n a magazi ne. No oi l y r ags, pai nt , t ur pent i ne, et c, wi l l bel ef t i n a magazi ne cont ai ni ng ammuni t i on or expl osi vea,
216
TM 9- 7900
Par s . 168- 169Car e, Har bdl i ng, and Pr e$er vat i r m
I mpr ovi sed ammuni t i on such as " Mol ot ov Cockt ai l s, " handgr enades of ni t r ni t ar ch, commer ci al f i r ewor ks i nt ended t o si mul at eammuni t i on, and ot her nonst andar d devi ces shoul d be pr epar ed i n ani sol at ed or es or bui l di ng f r ee of l oose expl osi ves f i nd wast e paper orot her combust i bl e mat er i al . Al l such wor k shoul d be per f or medunder di r ect super vi kon of compet ent exper i enced per sons. Thequant i t y of expl osi ves pr esent shoul d be t he mi ni mumnecessar y f ort he oper at i on, whi ch shoul d be car r i ed out hi conf or mi t y wi t h quan-t i t y- di bt ance and i nhabi t ed- bui l di ng di st ance r equi r ement s f or cl ass10 ammuni t i on gi ven i n par agr aph 172. The number of per sons per -mi t t ed at or near t he oper at i ons shoul d be kept t o a mi ni mum. Whena sur pl us of such mat er i al must be st or ed, under no ci r cumst ancesshoul d i t be st or ed i n a magazi ne wi t h ot her expl osi ves or ammuni t i onbecause t he i t ems ar e gener al l y of subst andar d const r uct i on and t heexpl osi ve cont ent may be of sucb a nat ur e ag t o pr esent a ser i oushazar d i n st or age and handl i ng,
f . I nf l ammabl e l i qui ds and ammuni t i on shoul d not be st or edt oget her or cl ose t o each ot her , Ammuni t i on sboul d be separ at ed byt he i nhabi t ed- bui l di ng di st ance ( par . 172) f r om handl i ng or st or ageof i nf l ammabl e l i qui ds t o pr event f i r es or i gi nat i ng i n one ar ea spr ead-i ng t o anot her ,
g.
Chemi cal ammuni t i on wi l l be st or ed separ at el y, so pl aced t hateach cont ai ner may be i nspect ed f or l eaks and may be' easi l y r emoved,
h. Ammuni t i on assembl ed wi t h t r acer pyr ot echni cs, pr opel l i ngchar ges, and ot her ammuni t i on i t er nr r , shoul d be st or ed under t he beatcover avai l abl e, pr ef er abl y i n a bui l di ng pr ovi di ng pr ot ect i on agai nstdampness and havi ng adequat e vent i l at i on, Tr acer ammuni t i on i ssubj ect t o r api d det er i or at i on i f damp end may i gni t e spont aneousl y.
i .
Tr uck mot or s shoul d not be st ar t ed whi l e t he magazi ne doori s open, However , a mot or t r uck may Appr oach a magazi ne wi t houtt he necessi t y of cl osi ng t he magazi ne door s pr ovi ded t he f ol l owi ngr equi r ement s ar e compl i ed wi t h;
( 1)
The mot or exhaust i s equi pped wi t h an ef f ect i ve spar k- andf l ame- ar r est i ng devi ce i n t he exhaust l i ne,
( 2) No exposed expl osi ve mat er i al i & bei ng t r anspor t ed orhandl ed.
( 3 )
No expl osi ve mat er i al i s l ocat ed on t he pl at f or mor ot her wi seout si de t he magazi ne or t r uck whi l e t he engi ne i s r unni ng.
1( , 9, OUTSI DE STOI LA. GE.a. Out si de st or age of expl osi ves and ammuni t i on i s nei t her
desi r abl e nor r ecommended, and must be r esor t ed t o onl y as an smer -gency expedi ent . When such st or age must be empl oyed, bombs andsepar at e- l oadi ng shel l wi l l be gi ven pr ef er ence over packaged ammu-
277
Par . i 69
TM 9- 1900Car e, Handl i 4, and Pr eser vat i on
f i gur e 153 - I gl oo- t ype Magazi ne
ni t i on,
I n or der t hat out si de st or age of expl osi ves and ammuni t i onmay be kepi t o a mi ni mum. f ul l advant age must be t aken of t he cubi ccapaci t y of al t i magazi nes, wi t hi n t he l i mi t s pr escr i bed by t hi s manual ,Whet s i t becomes necessar y t o ut i l i ze out si de st or age wi t hi n t he con-t i nent al Uni t ed St at e, i t shal l be i n accor dance wi t h t he di st ancer equi r ement s of par agr aph 172,
h . Si t es f or out door st or age wi l l be car ef ul l y chosen t o avoi dexposur e t o power l i nes. Ammuni t i on shoul d not be l ocat ed adj acentt o r eser voi r s, under gr ound wat er mai ns, el ect r i c cabl es, or sewer l i nes,Out door st or age shoul d be l ocat ed wher e t her e i s good sur f ace dr ai n-age. Out door st or age shal l conf i ar mt o quant i t y- di st ance r equi r ement sf or abovegr ound magazi nes,
c .
The suppor t i ng t i mber s or pl at f or ms upon whi ch ammuni t i oni s st or ed shoul d be wel l const r uct ed t o pr event f el l i ng, saggi ng, andshi f t i ng of t he ammuni t i on.
d . Cr at ed and packaged ammuni t i on, smokel ess powder , pyr o-t echni cs, and bal k hi gh expl osi ves shoul d not be st or ed out door s.Ef f or t s shoul d be made t o avoi d t he necessi t y f or out door st or age ofany t ype of ammuni t i on.
4".
Car e wi l l he exer ci sed i n cl osi ng openi ngs i n l oaded bombs andot her ammuni t i on whi ch have not been compl et el y assembl ed. Tem-por ar y pl ugs used as cl osur es shoul d be set down agai nst sui t abl ewasher s so t hat di r t and moi st ur e cannot ent er ,
f .
St i s advi sabl e t o cover pi l es of bombs and shel l wi t h some t ypeof wat er pr oof mat er i al t o guar d agai nst di r ect exposur e t o t he at mosYpher e, pr ovi ded t hat adequat e vent i l at i on i s assur ed.
TM9- 1900
Par s . 169- 171Car p, Handl i ng, and Pr eser va6or x
Fi gur e I S4 - St andar d Mogo2i neI LA PO 89] 79
g.
Fr equent i nspect i ons shal l be t i nade t o l ocal e saggi ng pi l es andt o det ect accumul at i on of t r ash bet ween or under t he st acks.
170. TEMPORARY STf l l { ACE AND HOLDI NG YARDS.a.
Tempur ar v nt or agc yar ds.
I n somk cases, i t may be f oundnecessar y t o hol d car s of ammuni t i on f or a per i od of snor e t hen 24hour s but not exceedi ng 2 weeks.
The car s ar e consi der ed as above-gr ound magazi nes. Exi st i ng t r acks maybe ut i l i zed pr ovi ded quant i t y-di st ances f or shave- gr ound magazi nes ar e compl i ed wi t h. The car sshoul d be gr ouped so t hat each gr oup i s l i mi t ed t o 250, 000 pounds ofhi gh expl osi ve, and so t hat gr oupe ar e sWar at ed f r omeach ot her bya mi ni mumdi st ance of $00 f eet .
I f t he f ul l di st ances cannot be pr o-vi ded, t hen gr oups may be spaced 400 f eet apar t i n al l di r ect i ons,pr ovi ded one or mor e car s of i ner t mat er i al s or of smal l - ar ms ammuni -t i on ar e spot t ed bet ween t he gr oups .
h.
Hol di ng yar d. The car s an t het r acks ar e consi der ed as abovegr ound magazi nes.
To pr ovi de f l exi bi l i t y of st or age, yar ds shoul d bel ai d out so t hat t he t r acks ar e 400 f eet apar t wi t h abar r i cadebet weent he t r acks,
The car s shal l be i n gr oups so t hat each gr oup i s l i mi t edt o 250, 000 pounds of hi gh expl osi ve and t he di st ance bet ween gr oupsi s $00 f eet unbar r i caded or 400 f eet bal Ti caded.
171. MAGAZMES AND MAGAZI NE AREA.a.
Magazi ne ar eas.
I t i s essent i al t hat expl osi ves and ammuni t i onbe segr egat ed i n an ar ea speci f i cal l y set asi de f or t hei r excl usi ve
229
Par . 171
Mognz nr . cor i a, ni r . g" - ( Y, ) I F, i f cxl : l osi ye: r n 75 mr n HEshel l
( <l 5ss 41
Car e. Handl i ng, and Fl esAl *"On
' I ni mhi f uvi 6ui f di r awdi si onccf . on. nmi nuni ! f an i o expf , ) r i ac;
12' C'(mi uUa hazar dl
. Moar : xmc ar ea cumt : i ni r g17. 000 I l l cf exp. v: . vci l ' 9t - r r. m HE shel l . ( . f omr 1
f i pr bmvk- down saebt i ow1
(magazi ne di sl ame;
Magazi ne Cont ai ni ng14. 0 : Y: I L of expl osi vei n 7' . mmHE shel l
f dou <)
%. 6 . NJna- 6ui 0ng di sdoocef . or . pm. nVAl i l an 10 powd9r ;
1 00'; mi sO, hnr ur a :
A- I nhabi t ed bui l di ng di st aaccs must sepor at c magazi ne ur eus.
223'f magczi r Xr di am. Xce;
I B-Magazi r i t di sl ames must sspar at c mogo=i neLwi t hi n a magazi ne ar cs .
TM 9- 1900
Mago zi ne cant ai ni i g6` a: I b r ; f eXO' . csvei n - 5 mmHE shel l
( Cl y ; S 4i
RA PG19318A
Fi gur e 15S - Spar i ng Magazi nes andMagazi ne Ar eas230
fX. Xhv6i: ed- bu. I . JXng o' i sr vncc. Mpr l . Jzl r ) e Cr ea Cqn $ i r on: mVl osi r e f o pnwder l Magazl nt , ar f q COn
t wi ni ng I O000' b t pi ni ny 1D, ( p; ) 1t >Lr f bul k smct cl e: ; : ; of r xpl asi vcpcl Wde: ! r l vxi 2; 1?40' +deni 4Nt i on 6am6r ;
, r ConcXssi an hazer dl Ohm101
1
TM9- 19W
Par , 171Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vai i on
st or age, Thi ai ar ea need not be l ar ge, but i t i s i mpor t ant t hat i t besegr egat ed f r om bar r acks, hospi t al s, admi ni st r at i on bui l di ngs, publ i chi ghways, i nhabi t ed bui l di ngs end r ai l r oad& Magazi ne ar eas shoul dbe l ai d out wi t h r egar d t o access f r ommor e t han one di r ect i on; r oadsand t r acks shoul d be l ooped, Magazi nes shoul d not be l ocat ed overi mpor t ant wat er mai ns or cl ose enough t o i mpor t ant power l i nes t odamage t hem i n case of an expl osi on.
I t .
Magazi nes . Magazi nes ( f i gs. 153 and 154) shoul d be desi gned,const r uct ed, and l ocat ed wi t h speci al at t ent i on t o t he cl ass of mat e-t i al s t o be st or ed t her ei n and shoul d compl y wi t h t he f ol l owi ng gener alr egt i i r er nent s
( 1)
Magazi nes shoul d be const r uct ed of mat er i al s whi ch, i n t heevent of an expl osi on, wi l l not f or mdanger ous mi ssi l es or f i r ebr ands,Magazi nes shoul d not be l ocat ed upon cont i nuous r ock st r at a becauseof t he possi bl e t r ansmi ssi on of shock wave t o excessi ve di st ances.
( ' 7)
Magazi nes shoul d be f i r epr oof unl ess t he nat ur e of t he hazar dper mi t s t he use of a f r ame bui l di ng cover ed wi t h f i r e- r esi st ant mat e-r i al such as cor r ugat ed sheet asbest os. Wher e i t has been necessar yt o const r uct concr et e- f l oor ed, wooden- ar ched, ear t h- cover ed i gl oos i nl i eu of t he mor e per manent t ype of const r uct i on ( f i g, 153) , exposedwooden por t i ons of t heset empor ar y st r uct ur es shoul d be cover ed vr i t ha f i r e- r esi st ant mat er i al such as sheet r ock, asbest os, or a compar abl epr oduct . Pr ovi si on shoul d be made t o cover as much as possi bl e oft he f r ont and r ear , as wel l as t he si des, of t hese i gl oos wi t h ear t h asan ext r a pr ecaut i on.
Wi t h t hi s t ype of const r uct i on, addi t i onal car eshoul d be t aken t o pr event seepage of moi st ur e i nt o t he st r uct ur e,
( 3 )
Each magazi ne shoul d be pr ovi ded wi t h vent i l at or s whi chshoul d be scr eened agai nst spar ks,
( 4)
Al l door s shoul d be made t o f i t t i ght l y so as t o seal agai nstspar ks, dust , and di r t , and shoul d be f i r e- r esi st ant .
( 5)
Magazi nes shoul d be bui l t on wel l - dr ai ned gr ound.( 6)
Magazi nes must be l ocat ed so as t o be accessi bl e t o adequat et r anspor t at i on f aci l i t i es_
( 7)
Magazi nes must be pr ot ect ed agai nst l i ght ni ng by an ef f i ci entl i ght ni ng pr ot ect i on syst em. Det ai l s and speci f i cat i ons of l i ght ni ngpr ot ect i on syst ems pt mcr i bed f or or dnance est abl i shment s ar e con-t ai ned i n dr awi ngs pr epar ed by t he Or dnance Depar t ment .
c .
Newconst r uct i on. The const r uct i on of newbui l di ngs or mag-aai nes f or t he st or age of expl osi ves and ammuni t i on wi l l be i n accor d-ance wi t h dr awi ngs and speci f i cat i ons f or magazi nes pr epar ed by t he
Par . I I I
TM9- 1900Car e, Handl i nt ¢, and Pt eSer vat i on
Or dnance Depar t ment . Layout pl ans f or pr oposed magazi ne ar easand t hei r l ocat i on on a r eser vat i on must be appr oved by t he Chi ef ofOr dnance.
El .
Ar r angement of NUr agazi nes .
I n ar r angi ng t he st or age of haz-ar dous mat er i al i n above- gr ound ( not concr et e i gl oo- t ype) magazi nes,t he f ol l owi ng gener al pr i nci pl es shoul d be f ol l owed as gui des f orpr event i ng t he spr ead of damage t hr oughout an ent i r e ar ea i n case ofa f i r e or expl osi on i n one par t of t he ar ea :
( 1) Smokel ess powder or ot her mat er i al s whi ch may becomehazar dous i f t he bui l di ngs i n whi ch t hey ar e st or ed ar e damaged ordemol i shed, or whi ch t r ay be i gni t ed or expl oded by bur ni ng or ex-pl odi ng mi ssi l es, shoul d be st or ed at i nhabi t ed- bui l di ng di st ancesf r om hi gh- expl osi ves and ammuni t i on magazi nes .
( 2)
Bul k hi gh expl osi ves or bombs shoul d be st or ed so t hey wi l lbe pr ot ect ed f r om mi ssi l es whi ch may be t hr own f r om ammuni t i onmagazi nes as a r esul t of expl osi ons. Thi s pr i nci pl e t equi r es t hat amagazi ne i n whi ch bul k expl osi ve i s st or ed be at mi ssi l e di st ance f r oma magazi ne i n whi ch ammuni t i on i s st or ed,
( 3)
I n appl yi ng t he pr i nci pl es set f or t h i n ( 1) and ( 2) above,magazi nes si t uat ed bet ween ar eas i n whi ch ammuni t i on, hi gh ex-pl osi ves, or smokel ess powder ar e st or ed may be used f or t he st or ageof such ot her mat er i al as wi l l mi ni mi ze t he danger of f i r es or expl osi vespr ogr essi ng f r omar ea t o ar ea ( f i g. 155) .
e.
Cur e. and mai nt enance of magazi nei s.
Regul ar i nspect i on wi l lbe made of each magazi ne and magazi ne ar ea t o see i f r epai r s ar eneeded, and t o i nsur e t hat t he gener al saf et y r egul at i ons set f or t h i nt hi s manual , par t i cul ar l y t hose whi ch r ef er t o t he cl eanl i ness of mag-azi nes and el i mi nat i on of f i r e hazar ds, ar e st r i ct l y obser ved.
( 1)
To i nsur e cont i nuous and r el i abl e pr ot ect i on, l i ght ni ng pr o,t ect i on syst ems shoul d be i nspect ed not l ess t han t wi ce a year .
Onceyear l y, each syst em shoul d be t est ed el ect r i cal l y, Gui dance f or t het est s and t he equi pment wi t h whi ch t o make t hemmay be obt ai nedf r omt he Of f i ce of t he Chi ef of Or dnance.
( 2)
Roof s must be mai nt ai ned i n t he best possi bl e condi t i on andvent i l at or s scr eened agai nst spar ks. Ther e must be no unpr ot ect edopeni ngs ar ound t he f oundat i on and no cr acks i n t he wal l s . Door smust be t i ght and spar kpr oof .
( 3)
I nt er i or s of magazi nes must be cl ear . Pai nt , oi l , gasol i ne,wast e, r ags, and ot her such ext r aneous i nf l ammabl e mat er i al shoul dnot be l ef t i n magazi nes.
TM9- T900
Par , 171Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
( 4)
Fl oor s must be f r ee of gr i t and such st ai ns as t hose causedby exudi ng 0i el l or cl ynar ni t e,
Exudat e f r omshel l shoul d t i e r emovedby scr ubbi ng Mt h hot wat er . Exudat e or oi l y st ai n f r om dynami t emust be r emoved by s»: r ubbi ng wi t h hot wat er , acet one, or ot hersui t abl e sol vent s.
( 5) The 50- f oot f i r ebr eak must he kept f r ee f r om i nf l ammabl emat er i al s . Fi r e- f i ght i ng equi pment such as wat er bar r el s and sandhor s must be kept f ul l and heady f or use.
( b) Maga2i t i es must be kept l ocked, except when opened f orneoessar y oper at i ons or i nspect i on.
( 7)
When open, a magazi ne must ' be i n t he per sonal car e of anof f i cer or ot her r esponsi bl e per son ot her t han t he near est sent r y,
( 8)
Keys must be under t he super vi si on of t he i ndi vi dual r espon-si bl e f or t hei r ,
( 9)
When l eavi ng t he magazi ne, t he per son i n char ge of oper a-t i ons must make sur e t hat al l door s and r shut t er s ar e secur el y l ocked.
( 10)
A magazi ne pl acar d, " St or age and Cor e of Expl osi ves, " O. ( , 1 .For mNo, 5991, must be post ed i n ever y magazi ne, posi t i oned so t hati t wi l l be conspi cuout a t o el l wor ki ng per sonnel i nsi de.
f . Hepai r s t o magozi nr , 4. Magazi nes wi l l be r epai r ed underdi r ect super vi si on of a compet ent per son who wi l l der i de whet her ornot t he cont ent s of t he magazi nes ar e t o be r emoved whi l e r epai r s ar emade. Under nor mal condi t i ons, r ooht . l i ght ni ng r ods, vent i l at or s,&vr e, et c. , may be r epai r ed, and mi nor r epai r s may be made t o t hei nt er i or of t he magazi ne wi t hout r emovi ng t he cont ent s. Thi s doesnot appl y t o magazi nes cont ai ni nWbul k expl osi ves, When magazi nesar e r epai r ed, t he gener al saf et y pr ecaut i ons get f or t h i n t hi s manualwi l l be campl i e<l wi t h.
I n addi t i on, t he f ol l owi ng especi al . r egul at i onswi l l be obser ved :
( 1)
Wor k- wi l l be done by car ef ul , exper i enced wor kmen,( 2)
The f l oor i n t he vi ci ni t y of t he wor l ; wi l l be swept and anyst ai ns scr ubbed wi t h hot waf er ,
( 3)
No wor k r equi r i ng sol der i ng, mel t i ng of asphal t , or use of abl owt or ch wi l l be done i n a magazi ne cont ai ni ng expl osi ves of ammu-r si t i on,
( 4)
No r epai r s wi l l be made t o t he i nt er i or of a magazi ne con-t ai ni ng bul k expl osi ves unt i l al l expl osi ves have been r emoved and t hei nt er i or washed wi t h wat er .
( 5) Al l per so, t s shoul d be sear ched f or mat ches bef or e bei ngal l owed t o ent er any magazi ne.
17C111 0
4s, - 19
733
Pai r s.
165- 166
7Jwl
4- 1980
Car d,
Handl i ng, and Fr e6er va9i on
( 1)
Ever y
ef f or t
shoul d be
made t o pr event a f i r e f r omr eachi ng
t hi s
cl ass of nr nat er i Rl , whi ch i s especi al l y hazar dous
.
I f
a f i r e occ
ur si n
such a magazi ne when per sonnel ar e pr esent , t hey shoul d at t empt
t o put
t he f i r e
out wi t h
t he equi pment at hand
.
pr ovi di ng i t hai r not
act ual l y r eached
t he mat er i al and t her e i s a
good chance
of put t i ng
t he
f i r e out
.
Ot her wi se, t hey wi l l evacuat e t he magazi ne
and t akecover ,
I f f i r e br eaks out i n a magazi ne cont ai ni ng hi gh expl osi ves,
f i r e- f i ght i ng
f or ces wi l l not i mmedi at el y appr oach t he f i r e
.
Unl ess
speci f i c
i nf or mat i on
i s avai l abl e
ei t her f r om one who was pr esent
when
t he f i r e was di scover ed or f r omi nt i mat e knowl edge
of t he
con-
st r uct i on of t he
bui l di ng and l ocat i on of t he expl osi ves i ndi cat i ng t hat
i t
i s saf e t o appr oach
t he f i r e,
f i r e- f i ght i ng
f or ces
wi l l
r emai n
a t hou-
sand
f eet
di st ant wher e
up t o 50, 000 pour er % of hi gh expl osi ves
ar ei nvol ved, or pr opor t i onal l y
gr eat er di st ance up t o 2, 040 f eet f or
100, 000
pounds of hi gh expl osi ves, unt i l expl osi ons have
occur r ed,i ndi cat i ng
t he pr obabl e dest r uct i on of t he expl osi ves pr esent , Fi r e-
f i ght i ng
f or ces and t hei r equi pment must not
be
exposed
t o
unneces-
sar y
r i sk wher e t hese mat er i al s ar e i nvol ved, Demol i t i on or gener al
pur pose
bomb, and ant i t ank mi nes
ar e l i abl e
t o det onat e en masse,
and
pr opel l i ng char ges
may
expl ode,
pr oduci ng
heat t hat may bl i st er
t he
pai nt on bui l di ngs 504 f eet away
.
Bul k
hi gh expl osi ves packed i n
boxes
wi l l usual l y
bur n qui et l y, but
may det onat e, Bl ack powder ,
phot of l ash
bombs, smokel ess powder i n hul k, and unpacked pr opel l i ng
char ges,
expl ode or f l ar h so qui ckl y t hat t her e
i s no
t i me t o do any-
t hi ng
t o
save t he
magazi ne i nvol ved,
I n
al most ever y
i nst ance,
t he
ef f or t s of f i r e
f i ght er s wi l l be conf i ned t o pr event i ng
f i r e f r om spr ead-i ng
t o adj acent bui l di ngs or magazi nes
.
166,
GUARD PR( f f EC
. °l ` YON.a.
Magazi nes
and ar eas i n whi ch t her e ar e expl osi ves and ar nmu-
ni t i on wi l l b
guar ded adequat el y at al l t i mes
.
Magazi ne ar eas shoul d
be pr ot ect ed
by non- cl i mbabl e f ences, ent r ances t o whi ch wi l l be
l ocked unl ess
guar ds ar e st at i oned at t hem,
Speci al pr ecaut i ons wi l lbe
t aken t o guar d ar eas whi ch ar e not pr ot ect ed
by a sui t abl e f ence-h.
Guar ds,
and ot her s i n char ge
of expl osi ves andammuni t i on, wi l lbe
t hor oughl y
i nst r uct ed
i n t he hazar ds
due t o f i r e and expl osi ons
and
t he
yaf st y pr ecaut i ons t o be t aken,
They
wi l l be i nst r uct ed t hat t hei r
most
i mpor t ant dut y i s t o pr ot ect expl osi ves and ammuni t i on agai nst
f i r e.
Al ar ms wi l l be gi ven wi t h t he gr eat est possi bl e speed so as t o
st ar t
act i on i nst ant l y
.
Ser i ous
f i r es and expl osi ons have been avoi ded
by
pr ompt act i on of f i r e- f i ght i ng f or ces
.
Af t er gi vi ng t he al ar m, guar ds
wi l l
exer t ever y ef f or t t o hol d t he f i r e under cont r ol unt i l t he f i r e-
s24
Par e. 171- 172
TM 9- 1904Car e) , Handl i r Xdr and Pr eser vat i on
( 6)
Al l magazi nes vhoul d be car ef ul l y swr ept af t er r epai r s havebeen compl et ed, al t t ool s Shoul d be r eni uved af t er r epai r s have beencumpl et eel .
( 7)
The mager i no wi l l be i nspect ed by compet ent aut hor i t y af t err epai r s have been compl et ed.
172. QUAN' i TTY- DI STANCE CLASSES AND TABLES.
a.
To r educe t o a mi ni mum t he ha2ar ds and r i sks due t o f i r e andexpl osi on, t hese r egul at i ons pr escr i be :
( 1)
The di st ances whi ch wi l l be mai nt ai ned bet ween magazmes atmi l i t ar y est abl i shment s uncl publ i c hi ghways, publ i c bui l di ngs, publ i cr ai l ways, and i nl ) obi t ed bui l di ngs,
( 2)
The r l i r t ances t hat wi l l be mai nt ai ned bet ween magazi nes,( 3) The maxi mumquant i t y t hat wi l l be per mi t t ed i n any one
magazi ne,
h.
These pr ecuvt i omnot onl y pr ot ect po' r sons and pr oper t y i n t het er r i t or y adj acent t o mi l i t ar y est abl i shment s, but al so r educe t o ami ni mum t he possi bi l i t y of any expl osi on i nvol vi ng l ar ge masses ofexpl osi ves and ammuni t i on, and l i mi t t he quant i t y of mi l i t ar y suppl i est hat may be l ost i n any one expl osi on.
( 1)
I n t i me of war , mi l i t ar y r equi r ement s may make f ul l com-pl i ance wi t h saf et y r egul at i ons especi al l y di f f i cul t. Si nce t he pur poseof t he r egul at i ons i x t o r educe t o a mi ni mumt he l osses of per sonoeland mi l i t ar y st or es, and t o mai nt ai n t he f ul l ut i l i t y of mi l i t ar y est ab-l i shment s, t he compl i ance wi t h expl osi ves and ammuni t i on r egul at i onsi s consi der ed hi ghl y i i npor t ant i n w?. Ar t i me.
{ 2)
I n t i me of pence, t he quant i t y- di sl aTt r e t abl es set f or t h bel owwi l l be st r i ot l y compl i ed wi t h except when subj ect t o r educt i ons underspeci al condi t i ons as i TI Cl i cat ed bel ow and i Tn case of exi st i ng empl dce-Ment magazi nes et har bor - def ense i nsl al l at i ons. Such har bor - def ensemagazi nes m¬j y be used f or t hey st or age of ammuni t i on per t ai ni ng t ot he ar mament of t he emp] sr ement and not i n exca&c of i t s war r eser veal l owance. Magazi nes of emp1acemKTus f r om whi ch t he Ur mar nel ethas been r emoved or has beCOTr 3e obsol et e may be used f or t he st or ageof any cl ass of ammuni t i on and expl osi ves . pr ovi ded t he quant i t y-di st ance t abl es Hr e compl i ed wi t h.
( . 3) Bui l di ngs at mi l i t ar y est abl i shment s wher e l - or sonnel ar er egul ar l y l omt ed wi l l be pl aced at i nhabi t ed- bui l di ng di st ances f r omr nagar i l t i ec except when t he bui l di ngs ar e used f or oper at i ons i nci dentt o t he magazi ne ar ea,
234
TM 4- 1900
Par . 172Car e, Handl i ng, nnd Pr eser vat i on
c,
The di st ances speci f i ed i r i t hese t abl es of f er pr ot ect i on agai nstst r uct ur al damage and most mi ssi l es . Occasi onal mi ssi l es whi cht r avel a mi l e or mor e ar e not consi der ed because of t hei r r ar i t y,especi al l y when t he amount of mat er i al i nvol ved i n one expl osi on i sl i mi t ed by keepi ng pi l es sf nal l and spaci ng t hem so as t o l i mi t t heexpl osi on t o one pi l e,
I t wi l l be not ed t hat t he di st ances speci f i ed i nt he t abl es ar e based not on t he t ot al amount of expl osi ves i n t hemagazi nes, but upon t he mi ssi l e hazar d and t he amount t hat may bei nvol ved i n one expl osi on, The speci f i ed di st ances may be changedunder t he. f ol l owi ng speci al condi t i ons :
( 1)
I n st or age of cl asses 8, 9, and 10 i t ems, when a r naga2i ne i sef f ect i vel y bar r i caded or scr eened. f r om ot her bui l di ngs, magazi nes,r ai l way, and hi ghway, t he di st ances may be r educed one- hal f ,
Ef f ec-t i ve scr eeni ng can be obt ai ned by ut i l i zi ng nat ur al f eat ur es of t hegr ound or by an ar t i f i ci al bar r i cade at l east 4 f eet f r omt he magazi ne,at l east 3 f eet t hi ck at t he t op, at l east hi gh enough so t hat t he St r ai ghtl i ne ext ended f r omt he t op of t he si de wal l of t he magazi ne t o t he t opof t he bar r i cade wi l l pass above any par t of a bui l di ng t o be pr ot ect ed,and at l east 12 f eet above any publ i c hi ghway or publ i c r ai l way,Ar t i f i ci al bar r i cades shoul d consi st of ear t h or sand f i l l , wi t h not mor et han 15 per cent of st ones on gr ound, whi ch shoul d pass t hr ough 1- i nchopeni ngs.
( 2) Magazi nes of st andar d ear t h- cover ed concr et e- ar ch t ype( i gl oo t ype) and empl acement magazi nes, ar e consi der ed bar r i cadedon el l si des except t hat of t he ent r ance, whi ch si de may be bar r i cadedi f l ocal condi t i ons r equi r e,
( 3) Har bor def ense empl acement magazi nes i n a gr oup, bei ngsepar at ed f r om each ot her by subst ant i al di vi di ng wal l s, need notcompl y wi t h t he i nt er r nagazi ne di st ances, However , each magazi ne,as a uni t , must compl y wi t h t he t abl e di st ances f or i nhabi t ed bui l di ng,publ i c hi ghway, and publ i c r ai l way.
( 4)
Wher e t he const r uct i on of t he magazi ne i s such as ef ect ual l yt o st op t he mi ssi l es r esul t i ng f r oman expl osi on i n anot her magazi ne,t he di st ances bet ween t he t wo may be based upon t he t ot al expl osi vesmat er i al i n ammuni t i oncomponent s i i i t he l at t er magazi ne, consi der edas cl ass 9 i nst ead of t he di gt ance pr ever i bed f or t he cl ass st or ed.
Suchmagazi nes ar e t he st andar d ear t h- cover ed concr et e- ar ch t ype ( i gl oot ype) and empl acement magazi nes . The quant i t y t o be consi der edwi l l be t he t ot al quant i t y t o be st or ed i n t he magazi ne except wher especi f i c cases ar e except ed i n st ep ( 5) , bel ow.
( S)
SPECI AL. REQUI REMENTS FOR SPECI FI C CLASSES OF AMMUNITI Ox_
When ammuni t i on of Cl asses 6 and 7 ar e st or ed i n i gl oo maga-zi nes i n accor dance wi t h Or dnance dr awi ngs, t he ai sl e wi dt h i s notsuf f i ci ent t o pr ecl ude mass det onat i on. Ther ef or e, quant i t y- di st ance
2114
Par . 172 .
TM 9- 1900
Car e, i f endt i ng, ar nd Pr eser vat i on
Fi gur s 156 - Met hed of Sf acki ng Shel l i n Above- gr oundMvgazl no St or age
r equi r ement s f or Cl asses 6 end 7 when so st or ed i ncl udi ng t he max-i mum per mi t t ed i n each magazi ne, shal l be t hose pr escr i bed f orCl asses 9 and 10. 1n above- gr ound st or age magazi nes, t he quant i t y-di st ance t abl es f or ammuni t i on andammuni t i on component s of Cl asses6 and 7 ar e based on t he assumpt i on t hat on i ni t i at i on mesa det ona-t i ons wi l l not occur , end t hat t he det onat i on at any one i nst ant wi l lbe l i mi t ed t o t he amount cont ai ned i n one st ack and t hat t he mi ssi l edi st ance i s t he cont r ol l i ng consi der at i on. Ammuni t i on of Cl ass 6st or ed i n above- gr ound magazi nes shal l be spaced i n st acks cont ai n-i ng not over 5, 040 pounds of expl osi ves each, wi t h st acks spaced at ami ni mumof 2 f eet apar t _ Ammuni t i on of Cl ass 7 st or ed i i i above-gr ound magazi nes shal l be pl aced i n st acks cont ai ni ng not mor e t han15, 000 pounds of expl osi ves each and spaced i n accoYdence wi t h Or dnance Dr awi ng 19- 4$- 12 .
See f i gur es 156, 157, and 158.
I f st acki ngr equi r ement s ar e not sat i sf i ed i n t he st or age of Cl asses 6 and 7 mat e.r i al , i t wi l l be assumed t hat , on i ni t i at i on, al l ammuni t i on i n onemagazi ne wi l l det onat e en masse and t hat t he quant i t y- di st ance r e-qui r ement s, i ncl udi ng t he maxi mumper mi t t ed i n each magazi ne,shal l be t hose pr escr i bed f or Cl asses 9 and 14.
d.
Def i ni t i on" * Ter ms used i n t he f ol l owi ng t abl es ar e def i nedas f ol l ows :
( 1) I NHAxr THD Bui LmxG, Any bui l di ng or $t r uct ur e occupi edi n whol e or i n par t as a habi t at i on f or human bei ngs, wher e peopl e
226
Tm 9- 190#
Par . 171 X
Car e, f ancl r i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
237
QOF
ye4hQb
m
CV
4
O
f
w
aa
t i
Par . 172
TM 9- 1900
Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
0o=wz0z_4J3
01p_XU. ]
0
za0.
15, 000MAXI MUM
14, 000
13. 00012, 104
12000
10, 000
9, 000
6, 000
7, 000
6, 000
5, 000
4, 000
3, 000
2, 000
1, 000
0
wr r r r r r r r r r r r r rr r wr wr r r r r r rCCCCi CCCSCCCCC' r r CCCCC" CCC" XXXXXCCCCCCX CCC"' CwI CCCmol lr r wwwwwwwr wwr r r r r r r r r r r w r C" r r r ur r r r r r CCwCr r r r r ur rr r w r r r wwr n8oom8=8o
r r r r r r r r r r r r XI Vi Xr r r r ur r r r r wr ur r r r r r r wwwwxwwwwwwwr wlr r wr r r wwr r r ar r r r r r r wwr r r r wr r wr r r ul Xr r xr r r r r r r r r wlr r r l l nr r r r r r i ar r r r r r r r wr wwr ur r wr r r r r r waxr r r r r wr wr wlr r wwwr r r r r r wwl wwr r wr r r r r r wwowr wr r r wr r wxwr r r r r r r wr wlr r r r r r r r r r r r uar r r r . uwr r r r r r r r f r r r "wr r r mr r r r wr r r sr r lr r r r r r wr wr r r uwwwr r wr r r r r r r r r r XI wr r r xwr r r r wr r r r lr r r r r r r r wr r r mr r r r r l l er r r r r r r r r r r wr r r r r r r wr wr r r r r r r r lBEENwi r r r r r vl r l er r r r r r r r r r uwwr r r r r r r r wr l XNr r r xwr r wr r r r r r lMEMO
r r wr wr wwr r r r r r r r r wwwl r r wr r wr ar r xwwr r wwwr orwwwwwwwwr r r r uuuwr wr uwwwwr wxr r r wr r wumXl r r r r r i r r r wr r r r r r r r r r wwr wr wr r r r r r r r r r nwwwwwwwwws. . Xr wr r r r r r r wwr r r r wr r r wr wr r wr r wr r r r wr r r r r nr wr wl Xwr r r nr wwnr wr r wr r wr Xwur wwuwwuwwwnr wr wuwr wir r r r r wwr r wwr r r r wr wr r r r wr r r r r r r r r r r r ur nr r r wl r Xl r r r uiwwwwr nwwr wr r www: wwwwwwwwwwr r r r wr xr r ww wwr nur r ur r r r ' Cwr r ur r r r r nuuwr l Xwur uuuwr r wur r wir Xr ur r r wr wr r ul a, I . r l Xr wr r r r nr r r r r i r nar r r r r r w_1XI wXi ,mI I Wi r r r r r r r wr wr wr r r r r r r r r r nr r r Xsr wwr r r r ur r r r r ' r r r wr r r r nr r r nr r r r r r r mr r r r wr wr r r r r w0
5
l 0
15 20 25 30 35 40 4045 50NOSE TONOSEORBASETOBASE, DI STANCES I N I NCHES
EXAMPLE SHOWN- M107 HE SHELL FOR 155- MMHOW. CONTAI NS 15. 151- 13S. OF EXPLOSI VE PERSHELL.STORI NG 80SHELL, 10 HI GH, OR 800 SHELLS I N ONEROWI S EQUAL TO800 X 15 . 13, OR 12, 104 LBS. OFEXPLOSI VE. FROMTHECHART, 12, 104 LBS I S EQUI VALENT TO A NOSETONOSE, OR BASETOBASE,DI STANCEOF 40. 5 I NCHES.NOTE=THEDI STANCES BETWEEN PI LES SHOWNBYTHI S CHART AREI NTENDEDTOLI MI T EXPLOSI ONSTOONE PI LE .
-
RA PD 89396
Fi gur e 138 - Quant i t y- Di st ance Char t f or , Above- gr ound Magazi neSt or age of Separ at e- l oadi ng Pr oj ect i l es
239
TM 9- 1900
Par . 171Car e, Fl andl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
ar e Accust omed t o assembl e, bot h wi t hi n and out si de of Gover nmentest abl i shment s. However , bui l di ngs on Gover nment est abl i shment si n whi ch peopl e ar e r egul ar l y engaged i n oper at i ons whi ch r equi r et he l ocat i on of such bui l di ngs i n t he magazi ne ar ea, may be pl aced i naccor dance wi t h i nt r apl ant or magazi ne- t o- magazi ne di st ances. Landl i mi t s or boundar i es of mi l i t ar y r eser vat i ons wi l l be consi der ed pos-si bl e si t es of i nhabi t ed bui l di ngs.
( 2)
PUBLI CRAI LWAY, Any st eam, el ect r i c, or ot her r ai l r oad whi chcar r i es passenger s f or hi r e.
( 3)
PUBLI CHI GI r wAy. Any st r eet , al l ey, r oad, or navi gabl e st r eamopen t o t he use of t he gener al publ i c,
( 4)
NAVI GABLE STkEAm_
Abody of wat er capabl e of ext ensi venavi gat i on by t ugs, bar ges, or l ar ger vessel s.
( S)
NEAREST MAGAZI NES. The near est magazi nes cont ai ni ng ex-pl osi ves or ammuni t i on. The amount of expl osi ves or ammuni t i onper mi t t ed t o be st or ed i n s magazi ne can somet i mes be i ncr eased i ft he near est magazi nes ar e f i l l ed wi t h i ner t mat er i al s, t hus gr eat l yi ncr easi ng t he di st ances t o t henear est magazi nes cont ai ni ng expl osi vesor ammuni t i on,
( b)
MAxi mumPERur r TED. The l ar gest amount of expl osi ves orammuni t i on per mi t t ed t o be st or ed i n a magazi ne even i f i t i s mor ei sol at ed t han t he t abl et s pr escr i be,
I t i s i mper at i ve t hat t he l oss ofmi l i t ar y suppl i es be kept t o an absol ut e mi ni mum.
( 7) STRUCTURAL ) DAMAGE. The ser i ous weakeni ng or di spl ace-ment of f oundat i ons or br i ck or st onesuppor t i ng WHI l s or t he br eaki ngof wooden mai n suppor t i ng member s i n out si de or i nsi de wal l s. Nor eadi l y r epar abl e damage such as br oken gl ass at - l oosened pl ast er i sconsi der ed st r uct ur al damage.
r .
Expl osi ve cont eut .
The expl osi ve cont ent of ammuni t i on orcomponent s i s shown i n t he t echni cal manual s f or each cal i ber andt ype of gun, on or dnance dr awi ngs, and i n ORD11 SNL' s; i f suchi nf or mat i on i s not avai l abl e, i t shoul d be r equest ed f r omt he Chi ef ofOr dnance. The quant i t i es shown i n t he f ol l owi ng t abl es wer e com-put ed as f ol l ows :
( 1)
SMOKELESS Powur R. The quant i t i es i n pounds ar e t he netwei ght s of t he powder i n t he boxes or i n t he pr opel l i ng char ges.
( 2)
PYROTECHNI CS.
The quant i t i es ar e based on t he net wei ghtof t he i l l umi nant or expl osi ve composi t i on.
( 3)
S$PARATE- LOADI NG AND UNFI XED SHE" ANDWMBs. Thequant i t i es at e comput ed by t aki ng t he net wei ght Of expl osi ve i n t hechar ge of one shel l and mul t i pl yi ng by t he number of shel l or bombsi n t he magazi ne,
9"
r ur ,
1 r sCar d, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
( 4)
FI XED AMMUNTMN. The quant i t y i s t he net wei ght of t hehi gh- expl osi ve char ge i n t he shel l mul t i pl i ed by t he number of r ounds,The smokel ess powder pr opel l i ng char ge i s so much l ess hazar doust hat i t i s not i ncl uded i n t he comput at i on f or t hi s cl ass of ammuni t i on.
( S)
RocxEY' S, Thequant i t y t o be consi der ed f or quant i t y- di st ancepur poses i s t he wei ght of t he hi gh expl osi ve i n t he head ( shel l ) pl ust he wei ght of t he pr opel l i ng char ge i n t he mot or .
I f t her e i s a det ona-t i on of t he expl osi ve i n t he head, t he pr opel l i ng char ge may be ex-pect ed t o det onat e as wel l . For cl assi f i cat i on of r ocket r not or s r ef ert o subpar agr aph 1 ( 4) .
f . Cl asses of expl osi ves and ut nr uuni t i on. The gr oupi ng ofexpl osi ves and ammuni t i on i nt o cl asses l i st ed bel ow does not i mpl yt hat t he i t ems i n a par t i cul ar cl ass ar e t o be st or ed t oget her but meansmer el y t hat t he hazar ds i nvol ved ar e si mi l ar f or al l i t ems i n t he samecl ass. The i t ems whi ch may be st or ed t oget her on one magazi ne ar eset f or t h i n t he Combi nat i on St or age Char t , par agr aph 173, Themaxi mumamount of expl osi ves per mi t t ed i n any l ocat i on i s t he t ogl i mi t f or t he di st ance speci f i ed. However , t he quant i t y may be exces-si ve f or any par t i cul ar case under condi t i ons sur r oundi ngt he i ndi vi dualoper at i ons . Ther ef or e, i t i s mandat or y t hat l ocal l i mi t s be est abl i shedi n amount no gr eat er t han t hose consi st ent wi t h cont i nuous andef f i ci ent oper at i on. Oper at i ons and per sonnel wi l l be so ar r angedconsi st ent wi t h cont i nuous ef f i ci ency as t o const i t ut e t he smal l estper sonnel exposur e t o any one expl osi on hazar d. When mi l i t ar yexpl osi ves an6 ammuni t i on ar e packed i n accor dance wi t h t he pr ovi -si ons of War Depar t ment dt awi ngs and speci f i cat i ons, t hey may begr ouped, accor di ng t o t he degr ee of hazar d i nvol ved, i nt o t he f ol l owi ngcl asses :
( 1)
CLASS 1. Smal l - ar mammuni t i on i ncl udi ng 20- mm, except HEendRE- 1 r ounds; ar r echar ucal t i me f uzes wi t hout boost er s; ATpr act i cegr enade; Engi neer Cor ps combi nat i on, pul l , pr essur e, and r el ease f i r i ngdevi ces; t her mi i ; r r r i t wr ' s sof ot y f use; f uss l r , 4ht er s M1 and M2, Thi scl ass i s pr i nci pal l y a f i r e hazar d, No quant i t y l i mi t i s pl aced on st or ageof mat er i al s i , n t hi s cl ass_
( f )
CLAss 2, Si nkl e- . base mul f i per f or ai ed st nokel eas powder oiweb t hi ckness gr eat er t han 0. 019 i nch; chemi cal &r nmuni i i on cor r t ai r i .i r r g phosphor us ( except compl et a r ounds) ; t her mi t e and si mi l ar bt on-i ng composi t i ons; i l l umi nat i ng, f l ar e, or $i gnal composi t i ons whi chhave been consol i dat ed i n t he f i nal pr ess oper at i ons ao t hat no ex-pl osi ve mat er i al i s expowd; d0- mmand 81- mmmor t ar i l l umi nat i ngshel l .
These mat er i al s may become unsaf e under ext r eme condi t i onsof moi st ur e, hi gh t emper at ur e, or age.
They bur n wi t h i nt ense heat ,but usual l y do not f or m danger ous mi ssi l es or gener at e pr essur eswhi ch wi l l cause ser i ous st r uct ur al damage t o adj acent magazi nes.
740
Smakol ea+ powder i n t : anf ai nsr a ( i r t bozos, powder cans, car t t i di go st or agecanes, et c . } : pyr of e4hni ca ( f oomot o' ) t cheadc$0 eat nwr dl l an cont ai ni ndphoaphUr us ( except compl et e r ounds) : or 60- mm ar w 81- nun mor t ari l l nmi r mt i ng chef ( f oor r i Ol e' )
QUANTI TY' I PQVMPS1
Ur er
CLASS 3. QUANTI TY- DI STANCE TABLE
Car e, Handl i r f j , and Pr es>ar vaf i an
Sr nakel es4 powder i n bul k ( xw i n conf ai nvs)
( r : ) Tot al Quant i t y of 1) yr ot er hnl e. or pyr ot " hnl c r oot cr i al a atMot exeeed 50, 000 pounds and r oast mat axeeed 200, Wo pounds .
' Pur : t onnes i n st aodyr d kl w mage=: nee, pr oscdbed di st anc*p snay- Cr pt Ne dc. x 4141,
MI NI MUM UNDARRI GA0l 0 DI Sr ANk1 I N FLI T FROM NI ARESTu
1r f 08pl l l ne
5075
10012$145155165175.1 . 85190195200250300350400
507S
10012514515516S175185190191200250300
=Fur pt or nve of Cl am 3 pyml whoi cs mar l pyr ot echni c mat er i al s, t hg ( al l owi ng i i guf s appl yunder t he cmdi t l gna Ri ven_
( al I f l ur of aat i nr r , af i r e or nKuol C- Pasi t i ont Whi ch have been owt sal i dMed i n t ba Snalyr es". f pemt i 0ns and er r an r 1Gwd t hat na r " f yl aai ve mat er i al i s ex" ed, and mUf f ur y pyr o-t echni cs, Myr *pt CI ass 9 nhnt er W, t hat have boon baxad and ar e r eady f or ; Mvment X may4t or ed at one- hal f of t he Ct asa 2 di st aaoaa,
f b)
I n quant Wes f r om 100 t o 500 wmdu, i nl t ahl t wi bui l di ng, pUkl i c r ai l way, end publ i chi ghway dl at ancea ar e 50 f eet ; mogusi ac di al pne+e i s 35 f eet .
any ona l oco" shoul d
ba bpl ved f r om al l si desah( exi mum quant i t y r anni t t ed of any ' wse l neat I ML ( except pyr ot echoi r s ar ks pyr ot ecbni e
r kl at edal p 1' Wl uo r r pf essar y, 60- mmand B1- MAt mor t ar 1111Mt i not i og hr t ee11 may be st or ed Mt h Cl asp 4I t ems,
Par . 173Car e, Hat wdl i nl Land Fr eser vat i on
( 3)
CLAss 3. Al l l oaded f uses except f uzes conf ai r ung HE1oadt adboost a' s; ATpr act i ce mi nes cont ai nng a smoke char ge; and ar t i l l er ypr i mer s, These usual l y expl ode pr ogr essi vel y, not mor e t han a boxor t wo at a t i me. Pr essur es whi ch wi l l cause st r uct ur al damage t oadj acent magazi nes usual l y ar e not gener at ed.
Mi ssi l es ar e smal l at i dl i ght , and usual l y f al l wi t hi n 100 yar ds.
' Bor r t or age i r i 94ondar dexcspt t he duve 9aA-
i al ao nbapZl . nna, pr escr i br d di gt ancer may be f Xal vCd f r om el l ol d- ) a
r Maxi wPm quant i t y vnf r al et Gd at ooy vow l ocat i on .
( 4)
CLASS 4.
When packed i n accor dance wi t h or dnance dr aw-i ngs and speci f i cat i ons ; Fi xed and ser ni f i xed ar t i l l eey ammur r i t r on i n-cl udi ng 20- mmHE- 1 ( compl et e r ounds) , wi t h al l t ypes cd pr oj e<t i f esexcept pent ol i t e- l oaded shel f ; l i ght mor t ar Ammuni t i on ( 81- mmendsmal l er ) ; gr enades, i ncl udi ng pr act i ce gr enade Mk 2; ant i per wr ur elmi r e M2; bl ank amml mi t i or r f ar canmr i ; r ocket ammuni t i on assem-bl ed i n compl et e r ounds, except t hose wi t h HE- l oaded heads but i n-cl udi ng 4. 3- i nch TNT- l oaded r ocket T22, and Locket mot or s ( see f oot -noi e; ; , Cl ass 4 Quant i t y- Di st ance Tabl e, I t ems i n t hi s cl ass usual l yexpl ode pr ogr essi vel y, onl y a f ew boxes at a t i me, and many expl o-si ons. of i ndi vi dual r ounds ar e of l ow or der . Pr essur es whi ch wi l lcause st r uct ur al damage t o adj acent magazi nes usual l y ar e not gener -at ed. Most mi ssi l es wi l l f al l wi t hi n 200 yar ds. Thi s cl ass i ncl udesal l f i xed and semi f i xed chemi cal shel l ( compl et e r ounds) f or ar t i l l er yexcept t hat i quent i t y l i mi t at i on does not appl y.
I t al so i ncl udes 76- t r i mand 3- i nch i l l umi nat i ng pr oj ect i l e, compl et e r ounds.
Al t hough 60- mmand 81- mmmor t ar i l l umi nat i ng i i he11 ar e Cl ass ? i t ems, t hey nt ay best ar r ed wi t h Cl ass 4 i t ems when necessar y,
( 5) CLAs5 S, Separ ai o- l oadi ng shel l , l oaded wi t h expl osi ve D,and al l cal i ber s of shel f not assembl ed t o or packed wi t h car t r i dgecases. These usual l y expl ode, one shel l at a t i me end, i n near l y al lcases, wi t h l aw or der . The mi ssi l es ar e l i mi t ed as t o number andr ange, and most of t hemf al l wi t hi n 400 - yar ds.
( 6) Cuss 6. Fuzes cont ai ni ng HE- l oaded boost er s, adapt er -boast er s, packed separ at el y i n boor eB.
These i t ems usual l y expl odepr ogr essi vel y by st ack&
St r uct ur al damage caused by t he pr essur esi s usual l y l i mi t ed t o adj acent magazi nes.
Mi ssi l es ar e l i ght and usu-al l y f al l wi t hi n 200 yar ds.
TM9- 1900
CLASS 3. QUANTI TY- DI STANCE TABLE0UANTI TYI POU" 0S0FRXPl 9SI YF1 MI NI MUMYN_OARRI CAQFD OI STAHCI I N FEET FR*M NEAREST
NwOV"r - Iso
I aha6l t cdbui l di n5
400
Pr hl l rRoi l waY
400
pr 611XHI yhWQY
400
Magpaha
60
200 400 400 400 1410
1, 000 400 400 400 180
10, 000° 400 400 400 3( 10
TM 9- 1400
Per . 172
Car e, Hondt i r i , and Pr eser vat i on
CI I ANTI TY 4F0UHas9F(: XPLOSI VEI
CLASS _4, QUANTI TY- DI STANCE TABLE.
' For St of 6m i n st ar r dt nt l i ¢l w magasl Aes . pr escr i bt t di st or t ecz may be hal ved f r om al l ai d"except t he dcor end.
O1&xi mX quant i t y t xr mi t t ed at Am?. car e l oeat l pn,Ti Am1 r ocket p wi t h nsMDr a ai svi ubLed t o l opr dt d ur un1Xdyd heady, shoul d not be st or ed I t s
obvve- r r mund mogazmes l ocat ed 1. 1 I em t han t 1f q 1uLLowi ng r ol gal l e di st onr op f r om t he I i et adJ xat i Ons=
XLOCATI ON
_ALNI MUMMI SVI LEDI STAD( CENhabi t ed Hai l di nq
Maur nur a f l i ght r ange of f oeket or 4, 310 f eet , whi chever 1a l ose
Publ i c Rai l way
60%of moui mum Bi ght r dhl e of r ocket ar 2, 590 f Xt r whi ch-over i s l ea
Puhur. I - j l ghway
30%Xf maxi mum ALl I a Tangs of T ol . et ar 1, 300 f eet , w] r Leb-eve i s l am
CLASS 3. QUANTI TY- DI STANCE TABLE
Mat Over
I r t 6abl t edI al l dl ag
1, 009
1 1, 200
25, 1m
1 . 200
650, 044X
1, 209
' MO: LM" 4Uant i t y pgFM, t t ad at any ou$ l ucui i an .
MI MI OMUM UN&ARkj CADj O DI i TANCE I N 1:11T FROM
Tabl i cRal l wny
1, 200
1 . 700
1, 200
` Por Mot age i n at ander d i gl oo magar l r wa, pr cacr i bWr mcept t he door end-
' Al momumquant i t y per mi t t ed at =y ar w l ot at i an
20
Pvbl hXl yhwoy1, 2001, 2001, 200
HEAMT'
Jdayoal na
100200300
' For st " ' Fge i n st andar d ! t 1uv mopar i r wa, pr envi bed di af a( wX may be hol vod t r am al l pl d9bexcept t he dom" nsd,
>.St P} wt t i t ems of t 6b cl ass mo WOWI n OMMAV i &LOO mogae4aen, t he quant i t y- di 4amm r e-quLr caent s of CLeea 4, bul l s Xpl [ ai ves, wi l l wor n, er t " pt t hat no di st annt a l eas t han ano- hal ft h$ di at num pr oscr i bed i n 111116 t abl e f r o Cl ar e 5 i t esmt si r e ant bor l st d . ' nu g4ont hy ofazpi vove mr al er WAi r mi n por aMph 171 r 15) smt y be si t ed when i n I I bovr gr nnnd mogai l t aai f t he mat er i al l e st et t ed and adgxcaot ed I t i nt zar danca wi t h Or dnanug dr wwi ngi
di at mcsp t t t ny be bel vbd I r a® al l ai daq
OI LLNTI TY f p" NDs OFEXPLOSI VEIMat Ovef
MI NAMUI A Ut t 6" l 1t AGED Ot I TAXCFI gl r at r i l ed Publ i cdwi I dI ng l el l vr a
XI N f i l i T
NIXabl l r
6' t t ar
FROM NEAI EST4a
+Aaoaxf l w
S4 1, 240 1, 209 I 1, 200 I 60
549 1, 200 1, 290 1, 204 1401, Oi I 0 1, 100 ) , zoo 1, 2uu 180
CLASS 6. QUANTI TY- DI STANCE TABLEOUAKTI TY' [ FOUNDSOF EXPLOSI VE
Not Over
50
MI NI MVMI hl r ahigWl l dl n
Xd
240
UH&AAMCADED
l aLl vvr e140
DSI TANGE I H FI ETPobl l cXet r l l c Y
HI hwsr
70
FROM NEAREf Ts
64
200 240 140 70 1¢05, 090 1, 34) 0 900 450 240
104, 004 1, 50o 90e 450 300
Par . 172
TM 9- 1900
( 7)
CLASS 7. Separ at e- l oadi ng HE sf l el l of al l cal i ber s, ezc&ptshal l l oaded wi t h expt osi ve D.
Al l i n a magazi ne may expl ode butt he expl osi on may be l i mi t ed t o ompi l e by ar r angi ng t he mat er i ali n accor dance wi t h i nst r uct i ons f ar pi l i ng separ at e- l oadi ng shel l gi veni n par agr aph 172 c ( 5) . St r uct ur al damage usual l y i s l i mi t ed t oadj acent bui l di ngs. Most mi ssi l es wi l l f al l wi t hi n 500 yar ds.
QLANTI TYUFbUNDSOFFxPI 6L1+VEI E4I NI JAUM yNl ARRI CADEQ DLI TANCF I N FRl T FROMf bl l r I P" hl l c
Rai l way 1110- Y J, Sayazi ne
1, 840 I 1. 800. I
20t 11, 1100 1, 500 300
NoO~
25, 000500, 000 ,
I >j 1JTl on i t ems Of t bi s CLMA Fr o st ar ed i d mnr set C W, 10 avaguzi ae3, t hi quant i t y- di i r t aawc r e-
qui mhwni q of CLaw' 9, buLl t ew10al " N_ Wi 1L Caver n, cxecgt t hat uo di si oncea Lasr t baa osWhpi tt he di at aXC* pr a=i i bed i 0 Ski s t abl e f ar Cl an 7 i t ems at , e out hor i azd .
The quant i t y comuder adWLL1 be i n acc*r dancr svl ds par ogr oph 132 11
CS ) , when dt ael ced dud pr aper U
eeI VOl t at ed i ns, bove- ar auod r rXs-
- For . wr ap i n st aadat d i gl oo , nat AO an, pmsdl kPed di smXea may be hal ved t r cmal l si dede" apc t he dL4" gad.
°Moxi mur d quant i t y pr r l l dt t ed at any u04 1Xt i on. WI ' * " nmanzi aee A- Lt h max1mumcapaci ,t i as svbawat i al i y Jeer t han Wa gvaot i t p or e i n use aQ t o be i awt aUed, r educed di at nmmmay heobt ai r aud f r omt he 0I r r ce ni t he Cr oi ei Ot Or dr wnce .
( 8) CLAss B. Pr i mer pomusai on el ent et t t s, del onai or &, pr i mel ' -det onat or a t ot r bor kba, del onahng ol or r i eni s, and bl ast i ng ceps, packedi n accor dance wi t h or dnance dr awi nAs,
Al l t he. cont ent s pf a magasi ne may expl ode at one t i me.
However , as t he t ot al amount of ex-pl osi ves i s smal l and not cl osel y conf i ned, st r uct ur al damage usual l yi s l i mi t ed t o adj acent magazi nes.
Li ght mi ssi l es of ver y l i mi t ed r angear e f or med.
CLASS S. QUANTI TY- DI STANCE TABLS
_OUMTI TYWCWNOSOFEXPLOSI VI I I I MI NI MYM WVLAI e2I " Eb DI STANCE I N FEET FI OM NEARkSTI
Nor OVN
Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eset vat i on
CLASS T. QUANTI TY- DI STANCE TAME
I n6abl l . dBui l di ng
1. B00
l , sou
I nl , ab' I ed PXbl i < XX- -Pwabl i tI ul l dl ng
2 I Lvr ay
i Wpl nvar .
' Af e: i mammquant i t y per mi t t ed at soy one 10CECU0 .
244
NMAA! ] T;
Magozi , r "
1Fa# et oeaga i n zt oadur d I gl oo magat sl nea, pr escr i bed di st ar t oes may be bal vnd f r om al L si deseXapt t he dawn or d . Di st an0d f or abovr gf OUA( l magazi nes may be r adueed one- bel l by rueOf bar r i cades .
FFar goent i t i et l oss t han 2, 000 pounds or vol ) Lwi ve, di st ance 0wo I p t he t abl e f or CLeau 9and Cur s 10 enl ot dvas may be I t Rad-
21 0001 980 590 300 3011
$, 004 1, 209 720 360 300
10, 000 1, 500 900 450 300
15, 000 1, 610 970 440 300
2o. oaol 1, 140 1, 040 510 300
TM9- 1900Car e, Handl i n4and Pr eser vabou
245
Far . 172
( 9)
CLAss 9.
Bul k pr i r n4ng, i ni t i at i ng, and hi gh expl osi ves; f l ash-l i ght powder ; phot of f ash compasi f i on; demol i t i on bl ocks- ` pr i f nacor d"det onat i ng cor d; spot t i ng char ges: bl ack powder ; dynami t e; Mk3-
of f ensi ve hat ed gr enades; t oo,, * pyr ot echni c mat er i al s bef or ef i naf consol i dat i on, except Mar mat e and ot her sl ow bumi r 7g i ncendi ar ycompound%( f oot mt e` Cl ass 9 Quant i t y- Di st ance Tabl e) ; EC bl ankf i r e powder oant ai ni ng l ess t hen 30 per cent wat er ; gt dckmat ch;doubl e- base smokel ess po} vci er , and si ngl e- base smokel ess powder wi t hFveb t hi ckness l ess t han 0, 019 i nch.
Expl osi ves i n t hi s gr oup i ncl udel ead azi de, mer cur y f ul mi nat e, PETN. pent oht e, t et r yt ol , RDX, Com-posi t i on A, Composi t i on B, Composi t i on B. - 2 . Composi t i on C, Compo-si t i on C- 2, t or pex, and mi xt ur es of magnesi umand bl ack powder .
I fmor e t han 2, 5( 10 pounds of l ead azi de, mer cur y f ul mi nat e, or PETNar e t o be st or ed i n a si ngl e magazi ne, speci Rl per mi ssi on must be ob-t ai ned f r om t he of f i ce of t he Chi ef of Or dnance, I n a f i r e, bl ackpowder bur ns wi t h expl osi ve r api di t y ; hi gh expl osi ves may bur n orexpl ode dependi ng upon t he mat er i al , quant i t y, and degr ee of conf i ne-ment ,
( l 0) CLASS 10. Demol i t i on, f r agment at i on, - and phat of f ashbombs; bombs l oaded wi t h Comp. Bandt r i f onal ; bani al or e t or pedoes;t or pedo war heads: HE at t t kank mi nes; ant i per sonnel mi nes M3;HE- l oaded AT gr ar l adm HE 4. 2- i nch mor t ar shel l ; Li vens HEshel lbt r r sf er s f or chemi cal shel l or , bombs; auxi l i ar y boost er s; HE mor t aran7awni t i on ( 1dr ger t han 81- mm) ; HE r ocket shel l wi t h or wi t houtmot or s assembl ed t her et o, except 4, 3- i nch TNT- l oaded r ocket T22,and f i xes! and semi f zed ar t i l l er y amr nur yi t i on cont ai ni ng penf ol i t e,assembl ed as compl et e r ouadW( f oot not e' , Cl awes 9 and 10 Quant i i y-Di et ance Tabl e) . Al l t he cont ent s of a magazi ne may expl ode at onet i me. I f t hi s happens, st r uct ur al damage caused by t he pr essur egeneni t ed i s not l i kel y t o occur at t he di st ance gi ven i n t he t abl e.Most mi ssi l es wi l l f al l wel l wi t hi n t hese di st ances. When f r agmeot a-t i on bombs ar e concer ned, di st ances speci f i ed i n Cl asses 9 and 10t abl e wi l l not be l ess t han t he di st ances as st at ed i n t he Cl ass 4 Qunn-t i t y- Di st ance ' Fabl e, but may be one- hal f t t t e di st ance as st at ed i n t heCt ass 4 t abl e when st or ed i n concr et e i gl oo magazi nes, except f r omt he door end.
( 11)
CLASS 11 .
Chemi cal ar mmuni t i on except oompf ei e r oundsand t hat cont ai ni ng¢ whi t e phosphor us.
Chemi cal shel l , bombs, andgr enades st or ed and i ssued by t he Or dnance Depar t ment ar e not
11) 0120130140150158l i b- 5170l au2101302602 s0300300so0Soa300300300300300300; 0030030030040040040040D40041) 0400400400400Soo800BanSo0BOG800
, Foe st or ci p of Cl ams 4 and 10 pyr at echni X or pyr at ecl t al r. mat er i al s, I ho t ot al quant i t y i dhaaer doUj mst ar i al et #dy 4oa l ocat i on ehokdd not exceed 50, 00 paunds end' mun not et cM?4200, 000 MvodX
2F9r st or age ) d st andar d i sl oo mogedom, pr esr r LWd di r t aoaes nuy be hal ved f r om al l Bi dese*capt t he 6OOr End. Di st sama I n sbove. gr aund m&Raei ot s may bo r adaeed t o 47 Xhaf t f by useof bar r i caded .
of r acket swXi t h mot or s waem1Aad t o shel l not AI Led wi t h hi sh 6x00si ve ser a st ar ed i s above_ehr Und mosa: t md, t he nh&R&An, . M shoul d be MPer at ad f r om each Ot her by CLam 4 di nt ar ' 4w.TNT. I oaded r ocket s wi t h l oaded mot or s aadwbLad t o dt el l er a dosi gnet ed C] sas 10 scomwA"
consi der ed t o be an expl osi ve hazar d, and no l i mi t has been pl acedon t hi s t ype of ammuni t i on as f ar as quant i t y- di st ance l i mi t s ar econcer ned. However , st or age must compl y wi t h t he r equi r ement s ofpar agr aph 174 and t he Combi nat i on St or age Char ( , par agr aph 173.
( 12) CLAS$$ 12. Expl osi ves sf i ch as ammoni um r i i t r al e, DNT,and wot ni f r ocef f ul ose, These mat er i al s ar e i nsensi t i ve and can bedet onat ed onl y by ver y st r ong i ni t i at i on_ When st or ed i n an expl o-yi ues ar ea wher e t her e i s a possi bi l i t y t hat expl osi ves may be pr oj ect edi nt o t hem. t hey wi l l be st or ed i n accor dance wi t h t he r egul i at i ons f orCl ass 9 expl osi ves, WLen st or ed i n an ar ea of f i r e hazar ds onl y andsepar at ed by i nhabi t ed- bui l di ng di st ances f r om ar eas cont ai ni ng ea-pl uoi ves or ammuni t i on, t hese mat er i al s may be st or ed i n accor dancewi t h t he r egul at i ons f or smokel ess powder ( see Cl ass ? Quant i t y-Di st ance Tabl e) .
g. Qunnt i t y- t l i t Xt nnce I al r l e f or hi l l si de ni r l gaszi nes. Thi s t abl eappl i es t o magazi nes so const r uct ed t hat t hey ar e cover ed by ear t hat l east t o t he hi ghest poi nt r eached by expl osi ves st or ed wi t hi n t hem,and separ at ed f r omeach ot her by cont i nuous gr ound i t s such mannert hat t he l evel of t he separ at i ng mat er i al does not f al l bel ow t he l i sl ej oi ni ng t he hi ghest poi nt s r eached by expl osi ves st or ed wi t hi n adj acentmagazi nes.
LOCATI ON
I nhabi t ed Bui l di ng .
Publ i c Rai l way
PubLl c Hi ghway
t oa_ ' r ha 14t t l e &st ance i s t he t abl r h61ow A" Ld be oh. ¢r . ad f or x11 r or kr t s wi t h t padpdmot or s at t ached t o Joadod Ot Unl oaded shel l whoa ; t or 9d I n shove- gr vued M9l er i oe.
MI NI MUMJMI SSME DMTANCI E
1. t axhnunt f l i ght r ange of FWhsl oe 4, 3I O f r et , wl dcht vor i t l est
d44, % of maxunumf l i ght r a r a a r ocket OF 2, 540 f ast , whi ch.ever i s Lsmt
30%of maxi mmMMt l ht r ange of r odeo of t , 3oo f eet , whl eb-svaf i t l and
1 1f or r bwage of f ar ed and mmdr gad ar ; JI Lef y ammuni t i on gpgt al qi ne vmmUt o- . Cl an 9 and 18yvaot i t y- dl at af w. t *Ppt Y wMept t hat di st anaaa Jog* t han t hose oppl I cobt a 10 Ci mm4 anonvoi "t , 4r i ar r sot aut hoci r cd.
I ADr Aas t o WRh expl ooLwi a or i t er oe bodeei wi t h hi gh cxpLcvi r m
D. w Nvl L" 1=ar
1010 X525 50 6050 100 80
t Do 200 100209 300 120300 400 130400 Saa 140
500 1050 160
TM 4- 1900
Par . 173Car e, Har t dl i nd, and Pr eser vat i on
173. CONi RI NATI OX ( I 41I XEO) STORAGE OF AM14R. ' 11' 1TI Ol t iANDEXPLOSI VES AT POSTS, CAMPS, ANDSTATI ONS,
a.
The f ol l owi ng t abl e and char t show t he ammuni t i on and expl osi ves whi ch may be st or ed t oget her at post s, camps, and st at i ons .
Al li t ems i n a gr oup may be st or ed t oget her . Wher e an " X° appear s att he i nt er sect i on of a hor i zont al r ow and a ver t i cal col umn al l i t emsi n t he t wo gr oups may be st or ed t oget her .
Wher e an " C+" appear s att he i nt er sect i ons of ' 3a hor i zont al r ow and a ver t i cal col umn al l i t emsi i i t hose t vw gr oups may be st or ed t oget her i f t he t ot al expl osi vescont ent of t he i t ems of t he t wo gr oups st or ed t oget her i n one r nsga-zi ne or r evet ment does not exceed 1000 pounds,
h.
Mi xed st or age as per mi t t ed by t hi s t abl e and char t does notaut hor i ze vi ol at i on of t he quant i t y- di st ance t abl es f or t he st or age ofammuni t i on and expl osi ves at post s, camps, ar i d st at i ons.
Wher e t woor mor e quant i t y- di st ance cl asses of ammuni t i on and expl osi ves ar est or ed t oget her i n a magazi ne or r evet ment t he i nt er magazi ne di s-t ance and saf et y di st ances t o i nhabi t ed bui l di ngs, publ i c r ai l ways, andpubl i c hi ghways shal l be t hose speci f i ed f or t he most ' hazar dous cl assof mat er i al st or ed t her ei n.
e .
Gr oup- m.
Ammuni t i on and expl osi ves ar e cl assi f i ed i nt o gr oupsas f ol l ows and shown i n t he Combi nat i on St or age Char t bel ow;
I . CARTRI pGES I +OR SMALL ARWAND OTHER SI MI LAR CAR.TRI DG>~S EXCEPT THOSEWI TH EXPL09I Y$ BULLETS: I ncl udedar e bal l , t r acer , ar mor - pi er ci ng, i ncendi ar y, ar mor - pi er ci ng-i xi cendi ar y, bl ank, f r angi bl e, gal l er y pr aCt i ae, guar d, hi gh-pr essur e t est . and subcal i ber car t r i dges, cal i ber s . 22 t o . 60i ncl usi ve; 20- mm car t r i dges, ar mor - pi er ci ng, hal l , and pr ac-t i ce ; shot gun car t r i dges ; gr enade pr opel l i ng car t r i dges, t r enchand f i el d mor t ar s i gni t i on car t r i dges, bl ank car t r i dges f ormi ni at ur e bombs, and car t r i dges f ar bomb cl ust er adapt er s,when st or ed separ at el y f r om t he compl et e Tounds of whi cht hey ar e component s, and car t r i dges packed wi t h gr enade-pr oj ect i on adapt er s.
11. MI LPTARY PYRoTECHN[ Cs :
I ncl uded ar e al l t ypes of ai r cr af tand gr auxi d si gnal s, f l ar es, and l i ght s .
I I I , SMOKE AMAI UNI ' r i oN EXCRPT THAT LOADED WI THWP:
I n-cl uded ar e al l f i xed, semi f i xed, and separ at e- l oadi ng shel l ,mor t ar shel l , gr enades, r ocket s, bombe, - smoke pot s, anddr ums, and cont ai ner s f i l l ed wi t h HC. FS, FM, and col or edsmoke mi xt ur es .
I V, I NCENb[ ARY AMMUNI TI ON,
I ncl uded ar e bombs, gr enades,and r ocket s .
Xsei al n - 48 - 16
249
Par . 173Car e, Handt i ng, and Pr cwr vai i on
t M 9- 19d0
259
R
nX-Yv
L9wv . 93 e
u 3 se
z
LX `X r .C C7D O, g
i
dY; ` rX O O OQ ?S i S ' rC k' `X, G OOO O O
X_ AC
EaXs c
ao
cXy XX u
C XmX
w
o
a7 C C . _ WNu
u u '_.. , O C rXA . C _q-- G C41
CV EC F X,
0 WE a X $ a am z ' ' °X c
_ w X u X X t i + u R
u rA . . 3v a. xa m° cA pay Ad- ; t y ; ; J t i H H w H FI H 41HF+ Fy X 1 . 4
TM 4- 14p0
Par . 773Car e, Hat , dl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
V, WPAMMUNI TI ON:
I ncl uded ar e f i xed, semi f i xed, and sepa-r at e- l oadi ng shel l , mor t ar shel l , gr enades, r ocket s, and bombs,l oaded wi t h whi t e phosphor us.CHEMI CAL AMMUNI TI ON:
I ncl uded ar e f i xed, semi f i xed, andsepar at e- l oadi ng shel l , mor t ar shel l , gr enades, r acket s, andbombs, l oaded wi t h H, L, CG, PS, CNS, CN13, AC, CC, A- 1,A- 2, C1i , E- 1, P- 1, CN, Ci t i 1- DM, DM, NC, and Cl chemi calcomposi t i ons.
VI I . SEPARATE- LOADI NG PROPELLI NG CHARGES AND BULK PROPEL-LENT POWDER$; I ncl uded ar e pr opel l i ng char ges f or cal i ber s4. 5- i nch t o 1G- i nch i ncl usi ve. bul k pr opel l ent powder s of al lcl asses, mor t ar i ncr ement s, and ot her pr opel l i ng char ges, whenpacked separ at el y f r or n t he compl et e r ounds r oc compl et echar ges of whi ch t hey ar e a component .
VI I I . FUZES, PRI NTERS, BOOSTERS, AND BURSTERS' I ncl uded ar eadapt er s, adapt er - boost er s, f uzes ( al l t ypes) , pr i mer s, pr i =er .det onat or s, det onat or s, bl ast i ng caps, per cussi on caps, de-st r t i ct or s, and bur st er s
I X. FI XED AND 5EMI FI XED AMMUNI TI ON, EXCEPT SMOKE, I NCEN-DI ARY, WP, AND CHEMI CAL ; I ncl uded ar e hi gh- expl osi ve,hi gh- expl asi v" nt i t ank, shot , ar mor - pi er ci ng, pr act i ce, cani st er , shr apnel , and i l l umi nat i ng ammuni t i on f or - cal i beTs37- mi n t o 120- mm; hi gh- expl osi ve, i ncendi ar y, and hi gh-expl osi ve- i ncendi ar y, 20- r nm ammuni t i on; al l car t r i dges l ot40- mm: and 57- mmguns, and car t r i dges f or smal l ar ms vr i t hexpl osi ve bul l et s
31: . MORTAR AMMUNI TI ON UP TO AND I NCLUDI NG 81- MM ( 3-I NCH) AND HAND AND RI FLE GRI 3NADES EXCEPT SMOKE, I N-ct r NbI ARY, WP, ANDCHEMI CAL :
I ncl uded ar e hi gh- expl osi ve,i l l umi nat i ng, and pr act i ce ammuni t i on ; ant i t ank, of f ensi ve,f r agment at i on, and pr act i ce hand and r i f l e gr enades ; andgr enade ki t s.
Xt . ROCKET- S, EXCEPr 5MOI t H, I NCEt 1D1ARY, Wp, AND CHEMi pAJ I ncl uded ar e hi gh- expl osi ve, hi gh- expt asi ve- Wi t ank, i l l umi -nat i ng, t ar get , and pr act i ce r ocket s; mot or s and al l l oadedcomponent s f or r ocket s .
XI I , LANDMI NES, FRAGMENTATI ON BOMaB ( FUZED) , AND MORTARSHELL 105- MM AND LARGER, EXCEPT WOKE, I NCENDI ARY,WP, AND CHEMI CAL:
I ncl uded ar e ant i t ank, ant i per sonnel ,and pr act i ce mi nes ( wi t h f uzes) ; f r agment at i on bombs( f used) ; bomb cl ust er s, hi gh- expl osi ve and pr act i ce; and hi gh_expl osi ve and pr act i ce mor t ar shel l .
XI I L , SEPARATE- LOADI NG PRO, l ECTI LF$, EXCEPT WI ?, 9140118 ANDCHEMI CAL : I ncl uded ar e hi gh- expl osi ve, ar mor - pi er ci ng,
25T
Par t . 173- - 174
7M9- 1900Car e, Har xf l i r %and Pr eser vat i on
deck- pi er ci ng, and i l l ur ni nat i r ng shel l , and shr apnel f or cal -i ber s 4. 5- i nch t o 16- i nch, i ncl usi ve.
XI V. Bor vi r l S, DLPTH CHARGES, AERI AL MI NES AND AERI AL TOR-PEDOES EXCEPT SMOKE, I NCENDI ARY, WP, AND CHEMI CAL : I n-cl uded ar e demol i t i on, gener al pur pose, ar mor - pi er ci ng, ser niar r nor - pi er ci ng, hi gh capaci t y, l i ght case, and l eaf l et bombs ;dept h char ges ; aer i al mi nes ; and aer i al t or pedoes.
XV. DEMOLI ' I ' t ON MATERI ALS AND HULK RXPLOSI V' ZS: I ncl udedar e bul k TNT, bul k expl osi ve " D, " pl ast i c expl osi ves, demol i -t i on bl ocks, ni t r ost ar ch, cr at er i ng expl osi ves, bangel or e t orpedoes, shaped char ges, snake char ges, pr i macor d and cor -deau det onant _
XVI . DYNAMI TE, ALI , TYPES,
XVI L BLANK A14MUNI TI ON FOR CANNON, SP01" r I NG CHARGES,SMOKE PUFF CYI ARGES, HULK SLACK POWI DER. I ncl uded ar eal l component s l oaded wi t h bl ack powder ( except f uzes)packed separ at el y f r om t he compl et e r ounds of whi ch t heyar e component s ; and al l f i r ewor ks i ncl udi ng si mul at ed gr e-nades, dago bombs, f i r ecr acker s, et c .
XV111. PH010FLASH BOMBS AND PHOTOFLASH POWDE&
174, STORAGE or SPECI FI C TYPES.a.
Bl ack powder .
Bl ack powder i n bul k. sal ut i ng, pr act i ce- bomb,and smoke- puf f char ges shoul d be st or ed i n dr y and, i f pr act i cabl e,bul l et pr oof magazi nes.
Bl ack powder wi l l never be handl ed or st or edi n a bar r acks, gener al suppl y r oom, i nhabi t ed bui l di ng, or any bui l d-i ng heat ed by st oves or open f i r es,
I n a magazi ne cont ai ni ng bl ackpowder , expl osi ves- oper at i ons saf et y ( nonspar ki ng) shoes wi l l bewor n, and nowor k wi l l be done ot her t han t hat i nvol ved i n t he act ualst or age and r emoval of t he powder f r om t he cont ai ner s and t he r e-moval of spi l l ed gr ai ns. The f l oor of t he bui l di ng i n whi ch suchoper at i ons as r epacki ng of bl ack powder i s per f or med shoul d be cov-er ed wi t h a t ar paul i n or canvas . Sl ack powder does not det er i or at ei n st or age i f kept dr y.
Cont ai ner s of sal ut i ng, pr act i ce, and Smoke-puf f char ges ar e st or ed wi t h t ops up. Cont ai ner s of bl ack powdershoul d be car ef ul l y exami ned at t he t i me of r ecei pt f or weak spot sand hol es, wi t h speci al at t ent i on t o exami nat i on f or smal l hol es, suchas t t i ai l punct ur es, whi ch ar e not i mmedi at el y evi dent . Damaged con-t ai ner s ar e not r epai r ed; t hei r cont ent s ar e t r ansf er r ed t o ser vi ceabl edr ums . Condensed moi st ur e may r ust t he cont ai ner or cor r ode t hecap, When cont ai ner s ar e pai nt ed, caps r epl aced, or cont ent s t r ans-f er r ed, t he f Ql l owi ng condi t i ons must pr evai l ;
( 1)
The wor k wi l l be done at l east 140 f eet f r omany t negar i necont ai ni ng expl osi ves j Zr ammuni t i on.
TM 9- 1900
Par . 174Car e, 1Yr i n4l i nd, and Pr eser vat i on
Aver og. 3r ar ogg Temper ol vr e
I nWval I Lf vr " a Tur ni ngs
Bel ow 30 1 F.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . Do not t ur n30 t o 6q` F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Si x weeks64 t o 75" F. . .
.
.
. . . . .
One mont hOver 75' F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Two weeks
153
( 2)
I f any powder i s spi l l ed, wor k wi l l st op unt i l t he spi l t sge i 3
car ef ul l y t aken up and t he spat washed wi t h wat er . The powdert aken up wi l l be dest r oyed by dumpi ng i n wat er ,
( 3)
I f t ool s ar e r equi r ed t o open a cont ai ner , onl y saf et y t ool swi l l be used, and t he oper at or wi l l be pr ot ect ed by a bar r i cade andt he wor k wi l l be done i n st r i ct compl i ance wi t h i nst r uct i ons i ssued f ort hi s pur pose by t he Chi ef of Or dnance.
( 4)
The quant i t y of powder i n t he vi ci ni t y of oper at i ons wi l l bekept t o a mi nhi num.
( S) Speci al car e wi l l be obser ved t o seo t hat al l i nf or mat i onmar ked on t he or i gi nal cont ai ner i s r epr oduced when r epai nt i ng t heol d cont ai ner or t r ansf er r i ng t he cont ent s t o a new cont ai ner .
( 6)
Empt y bl ack powder cont ai ner s wi l l be t hor oughl y washedout wi t h wat er .
I P. Hi gh expl nni ve, 6- TNf T, expl osi ve 1) , l et r yt , t r i t on bl ocks .These , i r e st i bl e i n st or age and r equi r e onl y pr ot ect i on f r ommoi st ur eand, i f pr act i cabl e, f r omr i l l e bul l et s_ They ar e st or ed i n wax paper -l i ned wooden boxes_ I n handl i ng l oose expl osi ves of t hi s cl ass, ex-pl osi ves- oper at i onal saf et y ( nonspaWng) shoes shoul d be wor n. Non-spar ki ng t ool s shoul d be used i n openi ng boxes, Br oken cont ai ner smay be r epai r ed or cont ent 3 t r ansf er r ed onl y at a di st ance of 100f eet f r om a magazi ne cont ai ni ng expl osi ves or ammuni t i on,
e.
Dynami t e.
Dynami t e i s sensi t i ve t o host and shock.
I t shoul dbe st or ed i n f i r epr oof , bul l et pr oof magazi nes.
Nonspar ki ng t ool s wi l ll i e used i n openi ng cases .
>; mpt y cont ai ner s t hat have been used f ordynami t e wi l l be dest r oyed by bur ni ng,
Oi l y st ai ns of ni t r ogl ycer i nwi l l be scr ubbed up wi t h a sol ut i on consi st i ng of SX gal l on of wat er ,i , , gal l on of wood al cohol , and 2 pounds of sodi um sul f i t e or pot asX-sl um sul f i t e_
St or e cases of dynami t e i ni t i al l y r i ght si de up, so car -t r i dges wi l l l i e f l at ,
However , i n or der t o el i mi nat e t he possi bi l i t y ofexudat i on of ni t r ogl ycer i n f r omt he camr i dges, i t wi l l be necessar y t ot ur n t he cases, based on aver age st or age t emper at ur es, i n accor dancewi t h t he f ol l owi ng:
The f i r st t ur ni ng wi l l r esul t i n t he cases bei ng bot t om si de up, wi t ht he car t r i dges st i l l i n a hor i zont al posi t i on.
Fr ozen dynami t e wi l l notbe t ur ned.
Wher e dehni t e knowl edge as t o t he composi t i on of t hedynami t e i s avai l abl e, st r ai ght ammoni umni t r at e dynami t es need notbe t ur ned
Par , 174
TM 9- 1900Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
d. Bul k t nkakel esK powder and r *epar at e- l oadi ng pr opeWi ngChar ges.
( 1)
These shoul d be st or ed i nsof ar as pr act i cabl e i n magazi neswhi ch t i r e wel l - vent i l at ed and dr y.
Si nce st nckel egs powder i s pr i nci -pal l y a f i r e hazar d, a wel l - vent i l at ed f r ame st r uct ur e cover ed wi t hcor r ugat ed sheet a4sbest os and bui l t on wel l - dr ai ned gr ound may heused .
Such bui l di ngs ar e of t en mor e easi l y kept dr y t hor n f i r epr oofmagazi nes.
Sul k smokel ess powder i s packed i n al l st eel or i n nzet al -l i ned wooden boxes, whi ch ar e st ar ed on t hei r si des wi t h dwi nageenough t o i nsur e f r ee ci r cul at i on of ai r t hr ough al l par t s of t he pi l e,
( 2) The r net hod of st or i ng pr opel l i ng char ges i n f i ber or met alcont ai ner s and bul k powder i n boxes i s 4hown on Qr dnance dr awi ngs.When cont ai ner s of char ges 10 i nches i n cal i ber and over ar e st or edon t hei r si des, pr o' Vi si on must be made t o pr event t he wei ght of t heupper l ayer s cr ushi ng t he cont ai ner s i n t he l ower .
( 3) Eoxo%, cr at er , bundl es, and cont ai ner s shoul d be st or ed sot hat t he cover s can be r eadi l y i nspect ed or r emoved and 9o t hat t hecont ai ner s may he ai r t est ed i n st or age .
( 4) magar i nes i n whi ch smokel ess powder i s st or ed shoul d beequi ppe( l wi t h a maxi mum- mi ni mum t her momet er whi ch shoul d ber ead dai l y or as of t en as necessar y, I f t he t emper at ur e exceeds10( 1' F f or 14 hour s car 85' F f or 72 hour s, t he magazi ne shoul d bncool ed by wet t i ng down t he ext er i or wi t h wat er ur by openi ng t hedoor s end vent i l at or s at ni ght and cl osi ng t hem i n t he mor ni ng, I ft hi s f ai l s t o r educe t he t emper at ur e, t he Cor nmancl i ng Of f i cer wi l ldeci de whet her t he st or es ar e t o be r emoved t o anot her magazi ne.When magazi nes ar e cool ed by such vent i l t t t i ost at ni gYr t , ef f ect i vemeasur es wi l l be t aken t o pr ot ect agai n&t f i r e a" d t o cl ose t he door si n case of r ui n,
( 5)
Smokel ess powder . i n bul k or i n separ at e- l oadi ng char ges, i sal wmys packed i n ai r t i ght cont ai ner s. I t i s i mpor t ant t hat such con-t ai ner s r emai n Ai r t i ght unt i l t he powder i s umd. When a shi pmenti s r ecei ved, ever y cont ai ner i s gi ven a vi sual i nspect i on t o see t hat i ti s not damaged and t hat t he cover i s i n good condi t i on and t i ght ,
( 6)
Met al cont ai ner s f ur pr opel l i ng char ges ar e f i t t ed wi t h a t esthol e and pl ug i n t he cover so t hat t hey can be t est ed f or ai r t i ght nessaf t er t he cout ai ner s have been opened and cl osed,
Ever y cont ai neri n whi ch a pr opel l i ng char ge i s st or ed wi l l be ai r t est ed when r ecei vedand whenever i t i s subj ect t o handl i ng t hat mi ght cause i t t o l eak.The t est i ng shoul d be done wi t h a t est i ng sel si mi l ar t o t he car -t r i dge-st or age- case t est i ng set M1, 24- 12- 2 .
However , a mot or dr i ven ai rcompr essor wi l l not be t aken i nt o a magazi ne i n whi ch expl osi ves orkr nr nuni t i OSl ar e st ar ed_ I f t ho compr essor i s dr i ven by a gasol i nemot or , t he mot or shoul d be pl aced no cl oser t han 75 f act t o t hemagazi ne or at ny expl osi ve mat er i al . A pr vaf i um of 3 t o 5 pounds i s
254
TM 9- 1900
Por , 174Car e, Han4l i ng, and Pr eser vef i on
used ; end i f r t o dr op i n pr essur e i s obser ved i n one mi nut e i t may beassumed t he case i s not l eaki ng .
( 7)
The nor mal odor i n a smokel es- i powder magazi ne i s a f ai ntOdor of al cohol - et her .
I f t hi s odor i s st r ong, i t pr obabl y i ndi cat es al eaky cont ai ner . Ever y l eaki ng conuj i ner wi l l be r epai r ed or t hecont ent s t r ansf er r ed t o an ai r t i ght cont ai ner . I f t he cemt ent s of anycont ai ner show evi dence of dampness or moi st ur e, i t shoul d he segr e-gat ed and r epor t ed t o t he Ser vi ce Command or depar t r t t ent or dnanceof f i cer . Lei i ky due t o cover - , or gaskFl i , may be r epai r ed wi t houtr emovi ng t he char ge f r om t he cont ai ner or t he cont ai ner f r om t hemagazi ne, pr ovi ded r ar e i s t aken t o guar d agai nst spar ks.
Repai r ofl eaks i n ot her par t s of t he cont ai ner wi l l be under t aken onl y af t ert he r emoval of t he char ge f r om t he cont ai ner and t hv. cont ai ner f r omt he magasi na.
( 8)
Per sonnel engaged i n ai r t est i ng must become r Hmi l i ar wi t ht he odor and appear ance of decomposi ng powder , They shoul d ex-ami ne each cont ai ner opened f or ai r t est f or t he char act er i st i c odor .Ct ne of t he f i r st evi dences of danger ous det er i or at i on i s t he pr esence oft he aci d odor of r i t Tous f umes i n pl ace of t he nor mal l y pr esent odorof al cohol - et her ,
The odor or decomposi ng powder i s so char act er -i st i c t hat i t shoul d not be mi 9t i ken.
( 9) Fi ber cont ai ner s or separ at e- l oadi ng pr opel l i ng char ges ar enot usual l y opened unl ess t hey ar e damages ; t hen t he obar ge i st r ansf er r ed t o A ser vi ceabl e Met al cont ai ner . Fi ber cont ai ner s ar enot r epai r ed.
( 10)
Met al cont ai ner s may r ust . They may be r epai nt ed butmust be r emoved f r omt he magazi ne t o do wo.
Car e r oust be t akent o r epr oduce f ai t hf ul l y t he or i gi nal mar ki ngs whenever cont ai ner s ar er epai nt ed or changed,
( 11)
Soni c f i ne- gr ai n smokel ess powdi Xr s ar e al most as sensi t i veas bl ack powder and equal pr ecaut i ons shoul d be obser ved. Thepr i nci pal saf et y measur e i n r egar d t o smokel ess powder . however , i st he car ef ul wat ch f or det er i or at i on
e. Snt al t - ar mA annnuni t i t pr i .( 1 )
Smal l - ar ms Nmmuni t i mi may be st or ed i n any magazi ne orwar ehuuye whi ch of f er s good pr ot ect i on agai nst t he weat her .
WhenMagazi ne space i s hr ni t ed, i t may be st or ed i n a gener al war ehouseby par t i t i oni ng or scr eeni ng of f a sect i on f or i t s excl usi ve use_ Thi sr ef er s 14) smal l - ant es ammuni t i on onl y and not t o ot her t ypes wi t hwhi ch i t may t wx . st or ed i n s magazi ne. Good pr ot ect i on agai nstmoi st ur e and hi gl i t emper at ur c shoul d Mr - , pr ovi ded. Fr ee vent i l at i onof al l par t s of t he Mi l e shoul d he i nsur ed, cl unnage bei ng used wher enecessar y . Skyl i ght s and wi ncl ows near pi l es shoul d br : spaded so t hatAmmuni t i on wi l l not l i e exposed t o di r oct sunl i ght .
Car e shoul d bet aken t r y avoi d pi l i ng ammuni t i on Mi er st eam
1511 pes.
Smal l - ar ms am-i ss
Par . 174
TM 9- 1900Car e, Handl i n$, and Pr csenvabar r
muni t i on packed i n boxes f i t t er s wi t h ai r t i ght met al l i ner s shoul d nothave t hese l i ner n opened unt i l t he ar nTTWni t i on i s about t o be used.When onl y a par t of a box i s used t he r emai ni ng ammuni t i on i n t hebox shoul d be pr ot ect ed r t gsi nst i naut hor i xei l handl i ng and use byf i r ml y f ast eni ng t he cover i n pl ace. Ser vi ceabl e ammuni t i on t ur nedi n by t r oops shoul d not be st or ed i n open boxes . I t shoul d be r e.packed f or st or i ng and r ei ssued at t he f i r st oppor t uni t y, pr ovi ded i tcan be i dent i f i ed by l ot number . I f i t ear Mnt be i dent i f i ed b3- t ot , i tAut omat i c- f i l l y beCOMMgr adp 3 wi t h cer t ai n except i ons and shoul dbe di sposed of i n accor dance wi t h di r et - l i ons i n LTD 513 9- AMM4,
( 2) Tr acer end shot gun ammuni t i on shoul d al ways l i e st or edunder t he best cover avai l abl e, pr ef er abl y i n a bui l di ng pr ovi di ngpr at ei - t i on agai nst dampness and havi ng adequat e vent i l Ht i nn,
1 . Fi si vl and t , emi l i xi - d ani nt uni t i ar n, gr euml r . A ant i hcr aonnel 1i nr es. anal i nor t ar t +hel l .
( 1)
These may be st omd i n any magazi ne wi t h good pr ot ect i onf r om t he weat her but pr ef er abl y i n f r ppr oof or f i r e- r esi st ant magazi nes t o r edone t o a mi ni mumt he danger of f i r e or cxpl osi oi t i .
MoRtof t he st andar d boxes and bundl es i n whi 0i t hi s t ype of ammuni t i oni s pr i cked ar e pr ovi ded wi t h cl eat s and t hose t hat ar e not may bepi l ed wi t h dunnuge t o i n%ur u f r ee Ci r cul at i on of ai r . Except si nel l -Ar ms ammuni t i on, f i xed ammuni t i on i s usual l y packed i n i ndi vi dualf i ber cont ai ner s whi ch ar e t hen packed i n bundl es of t hr ee cont ai ner s.I f t he ammuni t i on i s not r emoved f r om t hese seal ed cont ai ner s unt i li t i s used, i t shoul d r emai n i n good condi t i on . Ser vi ceabl e r oundswhi ckr have been r emoved f r ont t hei r cont ai ner s, such " t hose t ur nedi n by t r oops, shoul d be pl eccd i n cont ai ner s whi ch shoul d t hen bescal ed wi t h f r i ct i on t ape and shel l ac bef or e t hey ar e agai n pl aced i nst or age, Thi s pr ocedur e wi l l pr ot ect t he r ound agai nst det er i or at i onand t he pr i mer agai nst acci dent al bl ows .
( 2)
Assembl y of f uzes t o unf azed st ei ns i s f or bi dden wi t hi n 100f eet of a magazi ne cont ai ni ng expl osi ves ur ammuni t i on,
( 3) I t i s sound pol i cy t o mi x quant i t i es of di f f er ent si zes andt ypes i n each of 4ever al magazi nes r at her t han t o st or e onl y one ki ndi n each magazi ne. For + ; xempl e. t her e may be on hand a suf f i ci entquant i t y of 75- mi n hi gh- expl osi ve r ounds t o f i l l one magazi ne andenough 7S- r nmar mor - pi er ci ng r ounds f ar anot her , l at her t han st or eal l hi gh- expl osi ve r ounds i n one magazi ne and al l ar mor - pi er ci ngr oum. l s i n anot her , i t i s bct t er st or age pr act i ce t o st or e hal f of eacht ype i r , t "ach mag; i r i ne_ Thwi , i n case of acci dent t o one magazi ne,t her e i s st i l l a suppl y of bot h t ypes of ammuni t i on do hand.
X. t i ci mr at e- l oadi ng shel l ,( 1)
Separ at e- l oadi ng and unf i xed xhel l shavl d be st or ed i n f i r e-pr oof magazi nes cont ai ni ng H mi ni mum of i nf l ammabl e mHt er i el s.I r on or st eel dunnage i r pr ef er r ed t o wood and i t shoul d be connect ed
xsa
TM9- 1900
Par , 174Car e, Nami l i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
by el ect l i ( ' AI conduct or s and gr ounded_
I f i t i s necessar y t o use woodf or dunnage, t he amount shoul d be kept t o an absol ut e mi ni mum_Unf uzed shel l shoul d be f i t t ed wi t h an i r on or st eel f uze hol e pl ug.I f i t i s necessar y t o r ol l f uzed shel l , i t shoul d be done car ef ul l y andsl owl y i n or der t o avoi d t he r i sk of ar mi ng t he f uze.
i ' i ) I n or der t o conf i ne an expl osi on t o one st ack of shel l i nci hcj ve- gr ound magazi ne st or age, t he f ol l owi ng pr ecaut i ons wi l l beobser ved ;
( a) Shel l shoul d be st or ed i n si ngl e st acks, nose t o nose andbase t o base ( f i g . 156) . Shel l up t o Hnd i ncl udi ng 10 i nches i ndi amet er shou) d he st acked i n accor dance wi t h f i gur e 156, and di s-t ances speci f i vd shoul d t oe ment t ai ned i f t he shel l ar e l oaded wi t hTNT ne t i mat ol . I f t he she11 ar e l oaded wi t h expl osi ve D, t he di s-t anct X need be onl y l ar ge enough t o per mi t i nspect i on of t he shel l andof t he f uze cavi t i es .
1 . I n i gl oo- t ype r nagar i nes. shel l st or ed i n doubl e st ocks . base-t u- base i n cont act , wi t h an i nspect i on ai sl e bet ween noses ( f i g . 125. 1) .
( b) The nose- t o- nme and base- t o- baee di st ances bet ween r owsshoul d be equal ,
( c)
The nose- t o- nosc di st ances f or each cal i ber shel l ( f i g . 158 andor dnance dr awi ngs) shoul d be st r i ct l y obser ved and t he number ofshel l i n each st ack shoul d be kept i t a mi ni mumconsi st ent wi t h t hest or age space avai l abl e,
( 3) Shel l over 10 i nche¬ i n di amet er may be st or ed on t hei rsi des yr on t hei r bases . When st or ed on t hei r bases, t her e shoul d bea 1- i nch boar d bet ween t he shel l and t he f l oor t o pr oi ect t he shel lf r om moi st ur e; shel l l oaded wi t h expl osi ve D may be st ar ed i n i nt i -mat e cont act but shel l l oaded wi t h TNT shoul d be separ at ed by adi st ance equal t o t he cal i ber of t he shel l .
( 4) The r ot at i ng bands on al l pr oj ect i l es shoul d be car ef ul l ypr ot ect ed by gr ommet s or some r at her ef f ect i ve means_ Dent s or cut si n t he band may cause t he shel l t o f unct i on i mpr oper l y i n t he gun.
1k .
Bombe.
GP and SAP bombs have compar at i vel y t hi n wal l sAnd ar e one of t he most hazar dot i s t ypes of ammuni t i on t o st or e be-cause of t hei r t endency t o det onat e i n mass i f a f i r e occur s i n, or aheat ed f r agment be pr oj ect ed i nt o, t he magazi ne i n whi ch t hey ar tst or ed. Saf et y cat s be obt ai ned oi t l y by r educi ng t he possi bi l i t y off i r e t o t he absol ut e mi ni mum.
Bombs shoul d be st or ed i n a f i r epr oofmagazi ne wi t h i r on or st eel dunnage. I f wood must be used f ordunnage, t he amount shoul d be kept t o a mi ni mum.
St eel dunnageshoul d be connect ed by el ect r i cal connect or s and gr ounded. A gr oundsyst emsepar at e f r om t he l i ght ni ng pr ot ect i ve syst emof t he magazi neshoul d be pr ovi ded. Bombs not i nt ended f or i mmedi at e shi pmentshoul d 1) . e st or ed as above. Fuzes or pr i mer - det onat or s shoul d be
257
Par . 174
TM 9- 1404Car e, Handl i nAand Pr eser vat i on
st or ed i n a separ at e magazi ne,
Al l hor nbs shoul d be st acked so t hatt he f uze cavi t y r eds be easi l y i nspect ed . Fr agment at i on bombs ar est ar ed i n t he same manner as GP and SAP bombs .
i .
Fuzes, pr i n%er s, pr i ni er 4l r. l unat or s, t hg( Onat nr s, and hou3l r - r a,These Component s am usual l y packed i n her met i cAl l y seal ed cont ai ner s and boxes .
Car e shoul d be i r ) ken i n packi ng t o see t hat t heyar e pr oper l y suppor t ed i n r acks or t r ays and pr ot ect ed agai nst shockor r ough handl i ng. Even when pr oper l y packed, t hi s cl as9 of com-ponent s shoul d be handl ed wi t h gr eat car e.
Par t l y f i l l ed boxes shoul dbe kept secur el y cl osed. Magazi nes f or t he st or age of f uzes shoul dbe smal l t o l i mi t t h(,. l oss of t hi s t ype of mat er i al , an<l t he quant i t yof f uzes, pr i mer s, et c, . st or ed i n any one magazi ne shoul d be kept t oa t ni ni mur i t i , con . 4i st ent wi t h t he st or age space avai l abl e.
St or age ofal l on hand of any one t ype i n t t si ngl e magazi ne i s t o be avoi ded i fpossi bl e.
j , PsI r wc- el i ni ci _ Pyl l ot echTni cs r equi r e pr ot ect i on agai nst moi s-t ur e. d8Tr 3pness, and hi gh t emper at ur e. Dr y, wel l - vent i l at ed maga-zi nes of appr oved f i r e- r ei ar dant const r uct i on shal l be used f or st or age.Maxi mumand mi ni mumt her momet er s wi l l be pl nced i n r epr esent a-t i ve magazi nes i n whi ch pyr ot echni cs ar e st or ed, i n gener al , t heni agazi nes shoul d nut be pr ovi ded wi t h heat , Except t hose usedsol el y f or st or age of Cl ass 1 mat er i al or f i ni shed boxed pyr ot echni cammuni t i on, magazi nes shoul d not be pr ovi ded wi t h i nt er i or i l i umi n 4-t i on ot her t han t hr ough uae of por t abl e saf et y bat t er y l amps_ Pyr o-t echni c i nat er i ul t hat has been wet i s hazar dous t o st or e, consequent l yany boxes t hat show si gns of dampness wi l l be opened and i f t hepyr at ec1mi c mat er i al i s wet . i t shoul d be dest r oyed chap. 4) . Pyr o.t echni cs shoul d be handl ed wi t l f car e even when pr oper l y packed,Cer t ai n ki nds of t hi s mat er i al det er i or at e wi t h age and have anexpi r at i on dat e on t he cont ai ner s, Car e shoul d be t aken t o obser vet he di r ect i on f or di sposal of t hi s mat er i al at t he t i me i ndi cat ed,
k . Cher r pi eal ai nni nni t i ct n.( 1)
Chemi cal ammuni t i on shoul d not be st or ed wi t h ot her cl asses,pr i nci pal l y because of t he di f f i cul t y and r anger encount er ed i n f i ght -i ng a f i r e i nvol vi ng chemi cal mat er i al s, Al l muni t i ons cont ai ni ngchemi cal agent s ar e st or ed i n such a manner t hat each i t emi s acces-si bl e f or i nspect i on and may be easi l y r emoved f r om st or age i n casei t shoul d devel op a l eak.
Thi s t ype of ammuni t i on must be i nspect edf or t eaks once a mont h, Any l eaki ng cont ai ner shoul d be r emoveddownwi nd t o awai t di sposal .
( 2) Whenever a magazi ne ennt ai r ni ng chemi cal ammuni t i on i sopened, a r esponsi bl e of f i cer or For eman shoul d be pr esent t o det ectt he odor of escapi ng gas. I t such an odor i s pr esent , ai l per sonsent er i ng t he magazi ne wi l l wear t he pr ot ect i ve devi ces pr oper f or
259
TM9- 4" 0
Par . 174Car e, Hd1xdI i ng, bl r gd Pr eser vat t of !
t he gr oup, al l wi ncl ows and door s of t he magaxi ne wi l l be opened,and t he l eaki ng cont ai ner sought out and r emoved,
( 3)
Each t ype of chemi cal at nmuni t i or i i s pr ef er abl y st or ed al one,but may be st ar ed wi t h ot her chemi cal s wi t hi n t he same st or agegr oup. The speci al equi pment . as l i st ed f or each gr oup of 4". hemi calagent s, shoul d be avai l abl e i n t he vi ci ni t y, but not i n t he magazi ne.The chemi cal agent s ar e gr ouped A5 f ol l ows ;
( " a)
Gr oup A. per si si &t t t bl i st er casual l y gases, H, L, ED, and PS.Magazi nes f or t hi s gr oup shoul d have sur f ace- har dened concr et ef l oor s, Speci al equi pment shoul d i ncl ude gas mask, pr ot ect i ve sui t ,boot s, and gl oves f or each of f i ci r , man; or f i r eman whose dut i es r e-qui r e hi s pr esence i n t he magazi ne; chl or i de of l i me; ker osene andf l annel cl ot hs ; sodi um bi car l ) onat e ; bor i c aci d; soap; and ampl e wdsh-i ng f aci l i t i es .
( h) Gr oup 8: har assi ng and r aonper si yt et r t cAyi f ahy gases andsmoke- pr oduci nd eher r i i cal muni l i nns, except MVP. Magazi nes shoul dhave sur f ace- har dened concr et e f l oor s 9r nct f r ee vent i l at i on, Speci alequi pment shoul d i ncl ude ges masks, gl oves, sat ur at ed sol ut i on ofsodi um sul f i t e. %at ur at ed al cohol i c sol ut i on of sodi um hydr oxi de, l i t -t er s, And wool Bl anket s . Masks wi l l bi - . car r i ed t i t al l t i mes by per -sonnel i n t he magazi ne.
( c) Gr oup C" = spont aneousl y i nRammabl e muni t i on, phosphor us( l VP) . Thi s t ype magazi ne shoul d have concr et e f l oor s wi t h el evat edsi l l s t o per mi t Hp0di ng, SJX" Ci al equi pment i ncl udes t uhI S or bar r el sf i l l ed wi t h wat er and l Ar ge enough t o cont ai n t he l ar gest componentst or ed, I n addi t i on, t her e shoul d be avai l abl e r ul ) ber gl oves andboot s, z: ponges, pai l s, and copper sul f at e sol ut i on,
Wher e t emper at ur ecannot be cont r ol l ed i n st or age, speci al r ar e must be t aken i n t hest or i ng of shel l cont Hi t f i ng whi t e phosphor us_
Whi t e phosphor us wi l lmel t at t emper at ur es ebuve 145' ' F.
Upon cool i ng and sol i di f i cat i onof t he whi t e phosphor us ; a voi d i s f or med i n t he t op of t he shel lhl l er ( i n t he base i f t he shel l i s st oz5c( l nose down ; on t he si de, i fst or ed on t he si de) adver sel y af f ect i ng bal l i st i cs upon use, Wher el t XXmper at ur e cannot he mai nt ai ned hel uw t he mel t i ng poi nt , r aor ogeshoul d be ar r anged so t hat t he ammuni t i on i s st or ed on i l s base, eveni f t hi s r equi r es r ear r angi ng r ounds wi t hi n t hei r packi ng_ Wher e t hi si s i mpr act i cabl e, t he ammuni t i on shoul d be st or ed on i t s si de.
( d) Gr oup D; i ncendi ar y and r oar l i l y hvqSf nf nabf e subst ances,TH, FS, HC, CN, CN- DMgr enades, No wat er i s t o be used i n t hi smagazi ne. No specal pr ecaut i ons +i r e necessar y cxr . ept t o keep wat erand f i r e away, and t o r emove l eaki ng Cont ai ner s t o pr event as ac-cumul at i on of l oose mat er i al i n t he magazi ne.
( 4)
Muni t i ons f r om t wo or mor e gr oups wi l l not be st or ed t a-gat her wi t hout t he speci f i c appr oval of t he Chi ef of Or dx3f +nce.
254
Par . 174
TM 9- 1900cor e, Har xdl i ng, and Pr e&er Vat i on
1 . Rockel s.
( 1)
Rocket s shoul d be st or ed i n a dr y, cool pl ace, and never i nt he di r ect r ays of t he sun.
They shoul d not be st or ed wher e t emper a-t ur es exceed 120` F unl ess ot her wi se speci f i ed on t he packi ng con-t ai ner ,
Rocket ammuni t i on whi ch i s st or ed wi t h mot or assembl ed t ot he shel l shoul d be gi ven speci al at t ent i on f or saf et y, Rough handl i ngmust be avoi ded as t he mi ssi l e r ange of r ocket s gr eat l y ext endsdanger ar ea i n event of acci dent over t hat of or di nar y f i xed aenmuni -t i on, St or age shoul d be wi t h nose down when possi bl e, or i f notpossi bl e, wi t h al l r ocket s i n a si ngl e magazi ne poi nt ed i n t he samedi r ect i on. I n above- gr ound r naga2i nes, t he di r ect i on sel ect ed f orposi t i oni ng r ocket s shoul d of f er t he l east damage t o per sonnel andpr oper t y i n case of zi cci dent at i gni t i on ; i n i gl oos, r ocket s shal l notpoi nt t owar d door ends, St or age i n above- gr ound magazi nes shoul dbe avoi ded whenever pr act i cabl e,
( 2) Si nce r ocket pr opel l i ng char ges ar e i gni t ed by el ect r i calmeans, car e must be t aken t o pr ot ect r ocket s f r om bei ng i gni t ed byst r ay el ect r i cal cur r ent s such as mi ght wi se f r omcont act wi t h ext en-si on cor ds, l i ght s, or el ect r i cal t ool s. Thi s hgxar d exi st s chi ef l y i nl oadi ng and assembl y oper at i ons . However , r ocket ammuni t i onpacked f or shi pment i s - not any mor e suscept i bl e t han ot her t ypes ofammuni t i on nor i s i t suscept i bl e t o i gni t i on by ext er nal spar ks suchas t hose whi ch r ni ght be st r uck f r om st eel wheel s and r ai l s.
( 3) Rocket s shoul d be st or ed al one whenever possi bl e. How-ever , when combi ned st or age i s necessar y, chemi cal - l oaded socket swi t h or wi t hout mr t or s may be st or ed wi t h si mi l ar chemi cal ammu-ni t i on. Pr act i ce or i ner t - l oaded r ocket s wi t h mot or s may be st or edwi t h f i xed and semi f i xed shel l and shr apnel , Rocket mot or s notassembl ed t o t he head may he st or ed wi t h bl ank ammuni t i on f orcannon or wi t h r ocket s t o whi ch t hey bel ang.
m. I ner t mat er i ul & I ner t mat er i al s or empt y component s ofammuni t i on such as dr i l l car t r i dges . t ar get - pr L1Cl i ce pr oj ect i l es, orempt y shel l shoul d be st or ed i n bui l di ngs whi ch af f or d good pr ot ec-t i on agai nst moi st ur e and dampness . Dummy or i ner t ammuni t i onshoul d not be st or ed i n magazi nes wi t h l i ve or pr act i ce ammuni t i oni f ot her st or age space i s avai l abl e .
I f i t i s necessar y t o st or e suchi t ems wi t h l i ve or pr act i ce ammuni t i on, i t wi l l be segr egat ed endi dent i f i ed cl ear l y_ They shoul d be cl eaned, r epai nt ed, and sl ushedwhen necessar y and shoul d not be al l owed t o det er i or at e, Shel lshoul d be car ef ul l y st or ed t o guar d agai nst damage t o t he r ot at i nghand,
260
7M 4- 1400
Par . 175Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser Yaf l on
5act i on I I I
STORAGE AT SUPPLY POI NTS AND DUMPS
1753. SUPPLY POI NTS AND DI STRI BUTI NG POI NTS,9. Gener al . The det ai l s concer ni ng ammuni t i on suppl y poi nt s,
as di scussed i n t hi s sect i on, ar e pr i mar i l y appl i cabl e t o t hose i nst al l a-t i ons) i n t he Zone of t he I nt er i or and at post s, camps, and st at i ons, .A compl et e di scussi on of t he subj ect f or appl i cat i on t r y t he Theat er ofOper at i ons ( t he communi cat i on zone and t he combat zone) i s con-t ai ned i n or dnance Fi el d Manual s .
I r , Locat i on. Suppl y poi nt s and di st r i but i ng poi nt s shoul d bel ocat ed i n t he best avai l abl e net wor k of r oads and near a r ai l r oad.
c: - Lay- out , I n pl anni ng t he l ay- *ut of suppl y poi nt s and di s-t r i but i ng poi nt s, consi der at i on shoul d be gi ven t o t he f ol l owi ng.
{ 1)
A14OUNTS AND KI NDS REQUI RED_
I t i s desi r abl e t hat a f i el duni t suppl y t r ai n be abl e t o t ake on i t s compl et e l oad f r om st acks i na st r ai ght l i ne or i n a si ngl e ar ea wi t hout havi ng t o ent er and congestanot her ar ea of t he suppl y poi nt .
( 2)
EASE OF ACCESS. They shoul d be on good r oads near , butnot on, mai n hi ghways .
Conspi cuous si gns shoul d be post ed on r oadsl eadi ng i n, and mi l i t ar y pol i ce shoul d be not i f i ed of names and l oca-t i ons of dumps wi t hi n t hei r ar eas,
( 3)
TRAFFI CCONTROL. Roads shoul d pr ef er abl y be l ai r ) out i ncompl et e l oops i nst ead of t ur n- ar ounds. Thi s has an addi t i onal ad-vant age i n t hat i t pr ovi des access t o pi l es f r omei t her of t wo di r ec-t i ons_
One- way t r af f i c shoul d be est abl i shed_( 4)
SEGREGATI ONBY LOTS-
As a gener al r ul e, ammuni t i on shoul dbe pi l ed so t he l ot numben. ar e easi l y i nspect ed . Quant i t i ea i ssuedt o a si ngl e uni t shoul d be, i f pr act i cabl e. al l of one I nt .
41 .
H' i r r. Pr l i l t v' i l { t en,
( 1)
The pr i nci pal hazar ds i l l t he st or age of ammuni t i on i n t hef i el d i s f i r e, whi ch may be zxpr ead by hot mi ssi l es r esul t i ng f r om ex-pl osi ons i n one st ack i gni t i ng packi ng mat er i al of near by st acks, orby t r avel of t he f i r e t hr ough gr ass . weeds, dr y woods, et c . Ef f or tshoul d be made, t her ef or e, t o pr ovi de pr ot ect i ve cover i ng f or st acks,such as concr et e or met al shel t er s . Fi r ebr eaks shoul d be cl ear ed bybur ni ng out br ush or by t ur ni ng t he soi l over , ur i l em t he under gr owt hi s essent i al f or camouf l age,
( 2)
The commandi ng of f i cer wi l l appoi nt a f i r e mar shal who wi l lbe r esponsi hl e f or r i gi d enf or cement of f i r e- pr event i ve measur es.
Thef i r e m$r shal wi l l pr epar e r ul es cover i ng al l l ocal condi t i ons andspeci al f i r e r i sks. He wi l l exer ci se st r i ct f i r e di sci pl i ne wi t hi n depotcar cl ump.
381
Par s . 175- - 176
TEA 4- 1940Car e, N*mdf i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
X3)
Fi r e ext i ngui sher s, wat er bAr r el s, sand boi ees . and ot her f i r e-f i ght i ng equi pment shoul d he pr ovi ded. t 1 suppl y of r opes and hooksshoul d be kept on hond t o t ear down pi l es of boxes shoul d t hey cat chf i r e.
Spont aneous combust i on due t o pr esence of gr easy r ags or oi l ywast e shoul d be guar ded agai nst . The di r ect r ays of t he sun onammuni t i on, especi al l y t hat cont ai ni ng smokel ess powder . i s l i kel yt o cause spont aneous combust i on,
176. STORAGE OF AMl l i UNI TI ON AND EXPLOSI VES.a. { : l asses. When est abl i shi ng dumps, t he f ol l owi ng cl asses of
ammuni t i on ar e consi der ed .Ant i t ank mi nesBombs ( cont ai ni ng expl osi ve 0)Bombs, f r agment at i onBombs, t or pedoes, and aer i al mi nes ( not cont ai ni ng expl osi ve r 3)Boxed ar t i l l er y ammuni t i onCher ni cal ammuni t i onFuzes, pr i mer s . det onat or sGr enadesMor t ar shel lPr opel l ent char gesPyr ot echni csSepar at e- l oadi ng shel lSr nal l - ar ms ammuni t i onI i . Quant i t y and di t +l mi ce. These t Xl uxses shoul d not be st ar ed
t oget her . Whenever pr act i cabl e, t he di st ance bet ween bt acks andcl asses shoul d be i n accor dance wi t h par agr aph 172 .
c. Pr 4r put i uua.( 1)
Ammuni t i on and component s shoul d be st or ed so t hat t henei ghbor i ng pi l es wi l l not be det onat ed by t he expl osi on of one pi l eand so t hat not al l of one t ype of component or compl et e r ound wi l lbe l ost i n any one expl osi on . Ther e shoul d be at l east t wo pi l es ofever y t ype of ammuni t i on or component st or ed.
I t i s par t i cul ar l yi mpor t ant t hat f uzes, pr i mer s, det onat or s, et c. , shoul d be di st r i but edas wi del y as st or age f aci l i t i es por i ni t ,
( 2)
Ammuni t i on pi l ed i n t he open shoul d be r ai sed of f t he gr oundat l east 6 i nches and pr ot ect ed f r om r ai n and di r ect sun by paul i ns .I f dr ai nage i s not good, di t ches shoul d be sl ug ar ound pi l es.
Al l pi l es,i ndoor and out door , shoul d be made wi t h l i ber al use of dunnage andaway f r omcont act wi t h wal l s, bar r i cades, et c . , t o i nsur e f r ee ci r cul at i on of ai r .
Wher e t ar paul i ns ar e used, adequat e pr ovi si on shoul d bemade f or vent i l at i on . The t op of t he t ar paul i n shoul d not t est ont he bop of t he st ock or i n cont act wi t h boxes but shoul d be r ai sedf r omt he St ack at l east 6 i nches.
241
TM 9- 1900
Par s . 176- 177Cl ot - , Handl l ng, and Pr eser vat i on
( 3)
Dur i ng t he t i me ammuni t i on i s i n dumps, advant age shoul dbe t aken of ever y oppor t uni t y t o 1] l - we each r ound i n good condi t i onf or f i r i n& Lost Fuze hol e pl ugs shoul d be r epl aced, bur s i n t hr eadsand r ot at i ng bamYs r emoved, and any ot her def ect t hat mi ght af f ectt he ser vi ceabi l i t y of ammuni t i on shoul d be cor r ect ed.
However , t he' , eor k shoul d be done at x saf e di st ance f r om t he pi l es,
( 4 ) Al l a+t t r r auni t i on shoul d be st or ed out or t he di r ect r ays oft hv sun,
d.
Cl t ei ui val ami nt t ni t i on. Chemi cal ammuni t i on shoul d al waysbe st or ed away f r om ot her muni t i ons, and gas shel l shoul d al ways best or ed on t hei r bases_ The f ol l owi ng addi t i onal pr ecaut i ons shoul d13e t aken i r l i st or i ng and handl i ng t hi s t ype :
( 1)
Shel l shoul d he st or ed so t hat a l eaky cont ai ner can be r e-moved i mmedi at el y upon det ect i on .
( ' 2)
Evovy man wor ki ng near gay shel l shoul d be equi pped wi t h9 gas mask,
( 3) Tubes of oxygen and f i r st - xi d equi pment shoul d be pl acedi n conspi cuous pl aces i n char ge of a chemi cal noncomnt i %i oned of -f i cer .
( 4)
Shoul d an acci dent occur and a wor ker be over come, f i r st - ai dr ef zt edy wi l l he appl i ed and d doct or cal l ed.
( S) Any t ypt X of ammuni t i on exposed t o gas must be cl eanedwi t h an oi l y cl ot h at once,
( 6)
Conspi cuous wi nd vanes shoul d be yet up i n 1xl aC&s wher e gasshel l ar e handl ed,
( 7) Muni t i ons cont ai ni ng phosphor us shoul d al ways be st or edal one and v%, at er - f i l l ed t ubs kept avai l abl e . Phosphor us i gni t es spon-t aneousl y when exposed t o ai r , and submer gi ng i n wat er wi l l ext i ngui sh t he f i r e onl y as l ong as t he mat er i al i s kept submer ged,
Leakyphosphor us sXLel l must be kept under wat er unt i l t hey can be de-st r oyed,
( 8) Pyr ot echni c%, i ncendi ar i es, and HC, CN- DM_ ar <d CN gr e-r mdes shoul d be kept dr y,
( 9)
Ful l use of dunnage shoul d be made i n st or i ng chemi cal am-muni t i on.
177. 6ENRRAL.
Sect i on I V
PACKI NG AND MARKI NG
a.
Pur pose. of [ backi ng.( 1) I n or der t hat ammuni t i on may r each t he f i r i ng l i ne i n a
ser vi ceabl e condi t i on, i t i s essent i al t hat each uni t of i ssue be sui t abl y263
Par s . 177- 178
TM 9- 1900
Car e, Handl i ng, encf Pr eser vat i on
packed t o wi t hst and handl i ng, st or age . and t r anspor t at i on, Once auni t of ammuni t i on has been r emoved f r om i t s appr oved cont ai ner ,t her e i s no assur ance of i t s cont i nued ser vi ceabi l i t y, Ther ef or e, neces-sar y pr ecaut i ons shoul d be t aken i n i t s f ur t her handl i ng end st or age_
( 2) When a wat er pr oof cont ai ner i s opened, t he cont ent s ar ei mmedi at el y subj ect t o t he ef f ect s of moi st ur e whi ch i s t he agentmost act i ve i n causi ng t he det er i or at i on of ammuni t i on I f i mmedi -at e use of t he ammuni t i on i s not cont empl at ed, t he cont ai ner sl soul dbe ef f ect i vel y r eseal ed.
1) , Mar ki ng.( 1) Mar ki ng i ncl udes pai nt i ng, st enci l i ng, and st ampi ng of con-
t ai ner s and of t he ammuni t i on i t sel f ( par . 7) .( 2)
Expl osi ves aced ot her hazar dous ar t i cl es of f er ed f or shi pmentuzt i a common car r i er wi l l be mar ked t o compl y wi t h I nt er st at e Com-mer ce Commi ssi on r egul at i ons . The&e mar ki ngs i ncl ude t he I CCshi ppi ng name at t i d danger ous commodi t y desi gnat i on, i n addi t i on.on LCL shi pment s, cer t ai n l Ml >el s or e r equi r ed t o i ndi cat e t he mat ur eof t he cont ent s.
( 0) Expl osi ves and ammuni t i on wi l l be mar ked i n accor dancewi t h Ar my Regul at i on, speci f i cat i ons . and dr awi ngs. St andar d andspeci al mar ki ngs ar e l i st ed i n U_ S_ Ar my Speci f i cat i on Ne. 1t } 0- 2Eand ar e f ur t her descr i bed and expl ai ned i n Techni cal Manual s and i not her sect i ons of t hi s manual , Mar ki ngs f ur ni sh essent i al i nf or ma-t i on, per mi t t i ng pr oper handl i ng, st or age, and i ssue of t he r ound orcomponent .
( 4)
New pai nt i ng or r emar ki ng of ammuni t i on and component sshoul d be a f acsi mi l e of t hat on t he or i gi nal cont ai ner or ammuni t i onunl ess t he Chi ef of Or dnance i ssues speci f i c . i nst r uct i ons t o t he cont r ar y .
Expl osi ves and ammuni t i on obt ai ned f r om sal vage oper at i ons,or mat er i el whose i dent i f i cat i on has been l ost , shoul d be mar kedcl ear l y t o show t he nat ur e of t he goods and, i f of f er ed f or shi pment ,t c compl y wi t h I nt er st at e Commer ce Commi ssi on r egul at i ons .
178. PACKI NUS.a. Ueai gt t 01241 cunei r u+- l i on . The cl esi gn and const r uct i on of
packi ng& depend upon t he hazar d i nvol ved, t he f aci l i t i es f or st or ageend t r anspor t at i on, sad t he pr ot ect i on r equi r ed f our t he i t empacked.
t r . Types . Wooden boxes and cr at es ar e used mor e of t en t hanot her t ypes, The t r end i n desi gn i s t owar d t he use of st andar d 1- i nch,or heavi er , l umber . However , veneer boxes wi t h r ei nf or ci ng cl eat sand enci r cl i ng wi r e have been adopt ed as st andar d i n sever al i n-st ances. Wi r c- hound boxes cannot be r oused as of t en as t he heavi erwooden boxes. but t hei r l ow cost i s an i mpor t ant f act or , par t i cul ar l ywher e r euse of t he box i s not war r ant ed, Cyl i ndr i cal , wat er t i ght ,
364
TM9" 190
Par . 170Car e, Handf i ng. and Pr eser vaf i on
t net yl cont ai ner s, hol di ng one or mor e r ounds or pr opel l i ng char ges,a, ' o used f or packi ng ammuni t i on i nt ent l ed f or t r opi cal cl i mat es. Theammuni t i on may or may not be pocked i n f i ber cont ai ner s bef or ei nser t i on i n t he met al cont ai ner - Some xeper at e- l oadi ng pr opel l i ngchar ges ar e packed i n a wat er pr oof bag and t hen pl aced i n a f i bereont ai t , er . Four gener al t ypes of packi ng- boxes, cr at es, met al con-t ai ner s, and f i ber cont ai ner s- ar e descr i bed bel ow.
( 1) BuxF- .( a) Ear l openi ng, One r emovabl e end. per mi t t i ng boxes t o be
st acked on t hei r si des and opened wi t hout r emoval f r om t he st ackedpi l e .
( b) Che&f t ype cr hi nged l op . Per mi t s r epeat ed use and easy, uTess t o t he cont ent s . Most r ecent t ypes have a t oggl e- t ype f ast ener -
( c)
Bol t +4r r d wi ngnuf . Bol t s and wi ngnut s hol d down t he t opcm. er .
These boxes ar e used f or smal l - ar ms car t r i dges.( d)
Met al -
Used f or smal l - ar ms car t r i dge packi ngs and f or st or -i ng 40- mmammuni t i on. These sheet - st eel cont ai ner s ar e seal ed byr ubber gasket s t ui der t he cover ,
( 3)
CRATES. Used f or bombs, pr oj ect i l es, component s, and met alpowder cont ai ner s t o gi ve added st r engt h and pr ot ect i on, and wher epacki ng i n a cl osed box i s not necessar y . For some t ypes of bombs,onl y st eel ( - r at es ar e used i n shi pt nenl , Ot her cr at es ar e wooden,soi r i t X of whi ch may 1) e wi r e- bound.
( 3)
METAL CONTAkNEas.
Car t r i dgl e- st or age cases ar e cyl i ndr i cal , moi st ur epr oof st eelcont ai ner s f or packi ng separ at e- l or adi ng pr opel l i ng char ges . A t estLul e i i pr ovi ded i n t he cover f or ai r - pr essur e t est i ng,
( b)
Met al cont ai ner s ar e used f or packi ng si ngl e r ounds of ar t i l -l er y smmuni t i on, ei t her bar e or i n f i ber co, t t ai ner . Ei ght 60- men, orf our or one F11- mm, r ounds ar e al so packed i n met al cont ai ner s. Thesemet al cont ai ner s ar e pr ovi ded as st andar d f or t hose t heat er s wher ewat er pr oof i ng i s essent i al . The si ngl e- r ound met al cont ai ner s ar ecyl i ndr i cal st eel t ubes wi t h a det achabl e scr ew- t ype cover .
The st eelcover i s pr ovi ded wi t h a r ubber gasket and i s cl amped t i ght t o t hec'. unt ai r ner by means Of a gPLcl er r scr ew, and pr essur e pl at e.
Cor k andf el t pads ar a f umi shed t o pr ovi de a sot ug f i t f or t he r ound or f i bercont ai ner i n whi ch t he r uuncl i s packed. Some met al cont ai ner s ar epr ovi ded wi t h t est hol es f or ai r - pr essur e t est i ng,
( $)
FI BER CONTAI NERS.
A sl i p- cover f i ber cont ai ner of t he mai l -i ng- t ube t ype t g u d f or t he packi ng of compl et e r ounds. separ at e-l oadi ng pr opel l i ng char ges f or ar t i l l er y weapons, hand gr enades, assembl i es of boost er s and f uzes, f uzes, and mor t ar ammuni t i on.
Thesef i ber cont ai ner s wer e f or mer l y shi pped i n bundl es of t hr ee, hel d t o-gat her by t wo cl over - l eaf - shaped, met al , end cover s, Fi ber cont ai ner s
77t 321 0 - SI 3 - 14 20
Par . 178
TM 9- 1900Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
STENCI L" GROSS WFI CHT" CVEI C CONTENT
I OC MARKI NG;Exr Xt XXI V[
PROJECT' LES '
Fl gvr e 159 - Pel f et i r at i on of 155- mm Shef !sas
STETI C. I . t " 7V: r %' EASA- DhLSS ON T+*G
SHELLS AT' I AGONALJ } '
OPPOSI TE CURNi RS
RA PG 19311
TM 9- 1900
Par %. 179- 17gCar e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
wi t h compl et e r ounds ( 5' 1` - mmt hr ough 105- mm) may be packed t woor f our per wooden box, i n cr at ed cl over l eaf 3- r ound bundl es, or i nsi ngl e- r ound met al cont ai ner s, Fi ber cont ai ner s f or cer t ai n r ounds off uzed semi f i xed ammuni t i on have cover s at each end; t he pr oj ect i l eand car t r i dge case can t hen be i nser t ed at opposi t e ends, r el i evi ng t heneck of t he car t r i dge case of excessi ve wei ght .
I n bot h si ngl e- anddoubl e- end cont ai ner s, a U- shaped met al packi ng st op i s used f orf uzed pr oj ect i l es.
( 5) MI SCELLANZOU&
( a)
Met al cans made of t er nepl at e or t i n pl at e ar e used f or pack-i ng smal l - ar ms car t r i dges, smal l component s of ammuni t i on, f uzes,r i f l e gr enades, et c . , i ndi vi dual l y or i n smal l quant i t i es, t o pr eser vet hemagai nst moi st ur e. Met al l i ner s f or wooden boxes ar e al so Usedi n many t ypes of packi ng of component s, f or cer t ai n smal l - cal i bercompl et e r ounds wher e a moi st ur epr oof cont ai ner i s desi r ed, or f orshi pment s cf smokel ess powder . St ai nl ess- st eel - l i ned pl ywood boxesar e gener al l y used f or st or age of ni t r ocel l ul ose cannon powder s,
( b)
Al l - vt t el boxes of bot h Ar my- Navy desi gn ar e used f or st or i ngni t r ocel l ul ose cannon powder s havi ng a web of 0. 019 i nch and mor e,Sheet - st eel cyl i ndr i cal dr ums ar e used f ar bl ack powder , whi ch i scont ai ned i n a cl ot h bag i nsi de t he dr um.
The dr ums ar e cr at ed f orover seas shi pment s.
( c)
Fi ber car t ons ar e used f or packi ng pr i mer s or smal l f uzes, asmal l number bei ng packed i n each Car t on.
The car t on can be mademoi st ur epr oof by wr appi ng i n a gr ade C, t ype I paper , conf or mi ng t oI T. S. Ar my No, 100- 15 ( JAN- P- 121) , and i mmer si on i n di p coat i ngseal i ng compound conf or mi ng t o U. S, Ar my NoX 1{ 10- 34 ( JAN- P- 115) .
( d) Packi ngs known as " j ungl e- packs" cont ai n addi t i onal wat er -pr oof cont ai ner s or envel opes so t hat t he ammuni t i on may bet t erwi t hst and hot humi d cl i mat es.
c. Pal l et i zat i on ( f i g . 159) has been aut hor i zed t o r educe han-dl i ng t i me and save man hour s i r i st or age and shi pment of cer t ai nt ypes of ammuni t i on. Pal l et s ar e const r uct ed of l umber i n accor d-ance wi t h or dnance dr awi ngs. When pal l et i zed ammuni t i on i sshi pped, a Not at i on t o t hat ef f ect wi l l appear on t he r epshi p.
179. REGULA' t 1Oh15,a.
Gener al r egul at i ons gover ni ng t he packi ng, mar ki ng, and shi p.pi ng of expl osi ves and ammuni t i on ar e set f or t h i n AR55- 155. Al lshi pment s of expl osi ves and ammuni t i on made by t he War Depar t -ment wi l l compl y wi t h appl i cabl e r equi r ement s of I nt er st at e Com-mer ce Commi ssi on, Bur eau of Expl osi ves Regul at i ons, Por t andHar bor Regul at i ons, St at e and Muni ci pal l aws, and per t i nent Ar myRegul at i ons.
767
Par s . 379- 181
Tel l 9- 1900Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
h. Expl osi ves and ot her danger ous ar t i cl es of f er ed f or shi pmentof i a common car r i er wi l l be packed t o compl y wi t h I nt er st at e Com-mer ce Commi ssi on r egul at i ons, but par agr aph 14 ( a) , sect i on I , oft hese r egul at i ons st at es t hat " shi pment s, of expl osi ves of f er ed by orconsi gned t o t he War and Navy Depar t ment s of t he Uni t ed St at esGover nment must he packer. ! , i ncl udi ng l i mi t at i ons of wei ght , i n ac-cor dance wi t h t hese r egul at i ons or as r equi r ed by t hei r r egul at i ons . "Any pr oposed depar t ur e f r om t he r equi r ement s of I nt er st at e Com-i uer ce Commi ssi on r egul at i ons must be submi t t ed t o t he Chi ef ofOr dnance f or deci si on,
c,
Mi l i t ar y expl osi ve and ammuni t i on ar e packed i n accor dancewi t h U. S_ Ar my speci f i cat i ons and dr awi ngs .
The met hods of pack-i ng speci f i ed ar e used not onl y t o meet mi l i Wy r equi r ement s andpr ot ect t he ar t i cl es f r om damage i n t r ansi t but ar e al so desi gned t ocompl y wi t h I nt er st at e Commer ce Commi ssi on r egul at i ons,
41 . When shi pment s of expl osi ves and ot her danger ous ar t i cl esHr e t o be made and cont ai ner s whi ch compl y wi t h U, S. Ar my speci f i -cat i ons f or t he par t i cul ar ar t i cl e t o be shi pped ar e not avai l abl e, con-t ai ner s compl yi ng wi t h I nt er st at e Commer ce Commi ssi on r egul at i onswi l l be used. Thi s appl i es par t i cul ar l y t o t he shi pment of det er i or at edexpl osi ves or ammuni t i on, and t o powder , expl osi ves, and l oaded com-ponent s of ammuni t i on obt ai ned f r om sal vage oper at i ons.
e. Ot her r egul at i ons concer ni ng packi ng wi l l be f ound i n t hevar i ous Techni cal Manual s, St andar d Nomencl at ur e Li st s, Or dnanceSaf et y Manual 0. 0, No, 7224, Or dnance Depar t ment Saf et y Bul -l et i ns, and AR 55- 470 { shi pment s by wat er ) ,
180. SEMANG.a.
Packi ng, ar e ®eal ed f or ai r t i ght ness by cl osi ng t he t est hol e ofai r t i ght cont ai ner s or case& wi t h sol der or u pl ug. Fi ber cont ai ner sar e seal ed wi t h wat er - r esi st ant adhesi ve t ape. at t he j oi nt f or med byt he body and cover , but t hey ar e not consi der ed compl et el y ai r t i ght .
h,
Af t er t he cont ent s ar e pr oper l y packed, each cont ai ner i s seal edi n some manner whi ch wi l l i ndi cat e whet her or not t he cont ai ner hasbeen t amper ed wi t h.
The met hod of seal i ng depends upon t he t ypeand const r uct i on of t he cont ai ner . Wher e met al st r appi ng or wi r ei s used ar ound boxes, ot her sear ar e not necessar y and wi l l nut beused i n t he f ut ur e.
181. NI ARKI NG.
a.
Get t er al .
Thi s par agr aph cover s mar ki ngs f or i t ems as packedand shi pped.
For mar ki ng and pai nt i ng on ammuni t i on i t ems t hem-sel ves, see basi c col or schemes gi ven i n par agr aph 7, , sect i ons i n
TM9- 1900
Far , l eiCar e, Handl i r r g, and Pr eser vat i on
chapt er 2 of t hi s manual ; and ot her Techni cal Manual s on Am-muni t i on.
1) .
On anununi t i on.
The mar ki ngs on uncr at ed bombs and un-cr at ed shel l ser ve al so as a means of i dent i f i cat i on f or shi ppi ngpur poses .
c .
On cont ai ner a.( 1) Cont ai ner s of ammuni t i on and expl osi ves ar e mar ked t o
pr ovi de a r eady means of i dent i f i cat i on as t o cont ent s. Packi ng con-t ai ner s ar e al so mar ked i n accor dance wi t h Ar my Regul at i ons, speci f i -cat i ons, and I CC r egul at i ons.
( 2) Wi t h cer t ai n except i ons gi ven i n AR 55- 155, each packageof suppl i es t ur ned over f or shi pment on a Gover nment bi l l of l adi ngi s mar ked wi t h :
( a) Name and addr ess of dest i nat i on of por t of f i cer ( or codedesi gnat i on.
( b)
Name and addr ess of ul t i mat e consi gnee .( c)
Li st and descr i pt i on of cont ent s .( d)
Ami nuni t i on code symbol , publ i shed i n { ) RD 11 SNL' s .( e)
Gr oss wei ght i n pounds, di spl acement i n cubi c f eet .( f )
The number of t he package. li( g)
The l et t er " U. S. " i n sever al conspi cuous pl aces . '( h)
Or der number or cont r act number . "( i )
Or dnance i nsi gni a,( 1) Name or desi gnat i on of consi gnor pr e- ceded by t he wor d
" Fr om. "( k)
Lot number .( I )
Mont h and yeav packed,( m) I nspect or ' s st amp.( 3) The adhesi ve seal i ng st r i ps on f i ber cont ai ner s ar e i n t he
same col or as ammuni t i on i t em, i n accor dance wi t h basi c col orscheme. Thus, bl ank ammuni t i on has seal i ng st r i ps i n r ed, t o i ndi -cat e l ow expl osi ve ( bl ack powder ) . I t wi l l be not ed, however , t hatf or r ounds wi t h hi gh- expl osi ve pr oj ect i l es, t he st r i ps ar e yei l ow.
( 4)
The t op of boxes cont ai xt i ng ammuni t i on used i n bot h Amer i -can and Br i t i sh guns ( f or exampl e, some l ot s of 20- mmammuni t i on)ar e mar ked " COMMONAMMN. "
( 5) For f ur t her i nf or mat i on on r egul at i ons gover ni ng mar ki ngout cont ai ner s f or shi pment . con" t AR 55- 155 and AR 55- 470 ( shi p-ment s by wat er ) . Shi ppi ng names ar e publ i shed i n ORD 11 SNL' a.
( 6) Mar ki ngs on boxes, bar r el s, or cr at es ar e made i n st enci l' Fw LC4 ahi pi neot a onl y_
264
Par s . 181- - 183
TM9- 1904Car e, Handhr r A, and Pr eser vaf i on
I ] l ack or st enci l whi t e. whi chever i s mor e appr opr i at e_ On boxes ofr i r nmuni t i on whi ch ar e st ai ned br own, t he mar ki ng i s i n yel l ow; r anunst ai ned boxes, t he nkar ki ng i s bl ack. When i t i s i mpr act i cabl e t ost enci l or pai nt t he mar ki ngs on t he cont ai ner s, or when a cont ai neri s not used i n shi ppi ng, at l east t wo shi ppi ng t ags bear i ng mar ki ngsshoul d be used. The shi ppi ng t ags may be of cl ot h, l eat her , met al ,or wat er pr oof paper , and ar e at t ached t o t he ar t i cl e by wi r e. The useof wr i t i ng i nk, chal k, or i nar ki ng mat er i al ot her t han wat er pr oof i nkor pai nt i s pr ohi l } i t ed .
( i )
Met al cont ai ner s ar e pai nt ed ol i ve dr ab; mar ki ng i n yel l ow.( t i )
Cont ai ner s f or gr een bag pr opel l i ng char ge, whi t e bag pr o-pel l i ng char ge, or sect i on of pr opel l i ng char ge cont ai ni ng t he bl ackpowder i gni t er ar e pai nt ed wi t h gr eer . , whi t e, or r ed st r i pes, r esp<<_-t i vel y. Cont ai ner s cont ai r ung i gni t er s X) nl y ar e pai nt ed compl et el yned,
( 9) Cont ai ner s f or r ounds havi ng hi gh- expl osi ve shel l have ayel l ow st r i p ; havi ng chemi cal shel l , a gr ay st r i p ( super i mposed wi t hyel l ow, r ed, ar gr een bands t o i ndi cat e smoke or gas f i l l er s) , or havi ngi ner t shel l , a bl ack st r i p,
( 10) Cont ai ner s f or ammuni t i on assembl ed wi t h shel l whi chhave t he suppl ement ar y bur st i ng char ge have st enci l ed t her eon" W; ` SUPPL, CHG_" and t he l et t er " P. "
41, On pal l ct w 5uxcs, Cunt ai neM, or uncr at ed spel t and bor nbsar e packed f or shi pment and st or age i n pal l et s . Wal l et s ar e mar kedso t hat t he shi ppi ng name, wei ght . and cubi c f eet ar e st enci l ed on t het op sect i on of t he pal l et . The over seas addr ess, i f any, i s st enci l edon t wo boxes, cont ai ner s, shel l s, or bombs, bot h bei ng i n di agonal l yopposi t e cor ner s of t he pal l et ( f i g, 159) .
182.
LUTNUMBER. Lot number s ar e basi cal l y descr i bed i n chap-t er 1, sect i on I I ,
Sect i on V
SHI PPI NG
1; 83, GENERM. - The i nf or mat i on cont ai ned i n t hi s sect i on out -l i nes t he speci al r egul at i ons cont r ol l i ng t he shi ppi ng and t r anspor -t at i on of expl osi ves wi d ammuni t i on, The gener al r egul at i ons ar econt ai ned i i i AR 55- 155 whi ch appl y t o gover nment as wel l as t ocor nr ner ci xt l shi pment s . Shi pment s made by mi l i t ar y est abl i shment swi l l compl y wi t h appl i cabl e r equi r ement s of t hese r egul at i ons andr ecommendat i ons_
When any di f f i cul t i es ar e encount er ed i n compl y-i ng wi t h t hese r egul at i ons, a r epor t i n det ai l wi l l be submi t t ed t o t heChi ef of Or dnance t hr ough appr opr i at e channel s.
270
TM 9- 1900
Par s . 184- 185
Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
184. , REGUT, ATI ON5 AND REFERENCES.
a. Mi l i t ar y . A l i st of pul al i cnt i ons cont r ol l i ng t r anspor t at i on ofexpl osi ves i s pr ovi ded i n chapt er 5.
Li .
hunmi l i i ur y.
Regul at i ons f or t he t r anspor t at i on of expl osi ves,i nf l ammabl e. and ot her danger ous ar t i cl es by r ai l , mot or vehi cl es, andmer chant vessel s ar e pr escr i hed by t he I nt er st at e Commer ce Com-mi ssi on ( f or r ai l and mot or vehi cl es, see par . 185) and U. S. CoastGuar d ( f or mer chant vessel s, see Regul at i ons Gover ni ng Tr anspor t a-t i on of Mi l i t er y Expl osi ves on Boar d Vessel s Dur i ng Pr esent Emer -gency and Regul at i ons f or t he Secur i t y of Vessel s i n Por t ) .
v .
St at e and t r nuni ci pal l aws, or di naner s, and r egul at i ons. I naddi t i on t o t he Feder al l aws gover ni ng i nt er st at e t r anspor t at i on ofexpl osi ves and ot her danger ous ar t i cl es, each st at e and near l y al lmuni ci pal i t i es have l aws or or di nances r egul at i ng t he t r anspor t at i onof expl osi ves and ot her danger ous ar t i cl es wi t hi n t hei r j ur i sdi ct i on.Shi pment s of expl osi ves and ammuni t i on wi l l compl y wi t h appl i cabl er equi r ement s of I nt er st at e Commer ce Commi ssi ont r egul at i ons, Por tand har bor r egul at i ons. St at e and Muni ci pal l aws . and r ecommenda-t i ons by Bur eau of Expl osi ves.
41 . Rai l mgul at i on. X- For t hese r egul at i ons, consul t " I nt er st at eCommer ce Commi ssi on Regul at i ons f or Tr anspor t at i on of Expl osi vesand ot her Danger ous Ar t i cl es by Fr ei ght , " publ i shed by t he Bur eauof Expl osi ves, 30 Vesey St r eet , New Yor k, NewYmk ; and see speci f i cappl i cat i on by r ef er ence t o i t ems i nvol ved 131 i ndex of Consol i dat edFr ei ght Cl assi f i cat i on,
1$a, I NTFRSTATE COMMERCE COMMI SSI ON REGULA-TI ONS.
u.
The t r anspor t at i on of expl osi ves and ot her danger ous ar t i cl eswi t hi n t he l i mi t s of t he j ur i sdi ct i on of t he Uni t ed St at es i s r egul at edby Feder ai l aw. Act of Mar ch 4, 1909. chapt er 321, sect i ons 232 and234 ( 35 St at . 1134 ) , as amended by t he act of Mar ch 4, 1921, chapt er172 ( 41 St ot . 1444- 1445) . and t he Danger ous Car go Act of Oct ober9, 19411 ( Puhl i v. Nr , , spy, 76t h Cong. ) , Vi ol at i ons of t hi s act ar epuni shabl e by vever e f i nes and i mpr i sonment .
6.
Sect i on 233 of t he sbovt - N- ment i oned act , as al nendO, r eads i npar t as f ol l ows ; " The I nt er st at e Commer ce Commi ssi on shal l f or mu-l st e r egul at i ons f or t he saf e t r anspor t at i on, wi t hi n t he l i mi t s of t hej ur i sdi ct i on of t he Uni t ed St at es, of expl osi ves and ot her danger ousar t i cl es, ' : r ' ; whi ch shal l be bi ndi ng upon al l common car r i er s en-gaged i n i nt er st at e or f or ei gn coi nmor ce whi ch t r anspor t expl osi vesor ot her danger ous ar t i cl es vi a any common car r i er engaged i n i nt erst at e or f or ei gn commer ce by l and or wat er _"
Sect i on 235 of t he Actof Mar ch 4, 1921 r equi r es t he shi pper of expl osi ves and ot her danger -ous ar t i cl es t o descr i be, pack, and mar k el l packages pr oper l y, and t o
Par . 185
TM9- 1900
Car o, Handl i ng, and Pr oer vet i on
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Par s, 185- 188Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
i nf or m t he agency t r anspor t i ng t he packages of t he t r ue nat ur e ofcont ent s. Vi ol at i ons of t hi s act ar e puni shabl e by sever e f i nes andi mpr i sonment I CC Fr ei ght Tar i f f No. 3 pr escr i bes t vgut at i ot f s f ort r anspor t at i on by wat er .
e.
Under t he aut hor i t y of t he above- quot ed act , as amended, t heI nt er st at e Commer ce Cot nr ni esi on has publ i shed r egul at i ons gover n-i ng t he t r anspcr r t Rt i on of expl osi ves and ot her danger ous ar t i cl es byr ai l , mot or vehi cl e ( hi ghway) , and vessel .
186. L: . S. COAST GUARD. The U. S_ Coast Guar d pr escr i besr egul at i ons gov4ar ni ng t he st or age, st owage, and use of expl osi ves andammuni t i on on hoar d mer chant vessel s. I t i s r esponsi bl e f or secur i t yand st i pet vi si on of vessel s, whi ch i ncl udes har ges, unl ess speci f i cal l yexempt . ( See Regul at i ons Cover i ng Tr an9por t nt i an of Mi l i t ar yExpl osi ves On Boar d Veunl $ Dur i ng Pr oSi ent Emer gency. )
187. COMBI NATI ON OF TYPES FOR SHI PPI NG MRAI LOR MOTOR VEHI CLE.
a.
Regul at i ons of t hcr I ec r est r i ct t he shi ppi ng of di f f er ent t ypesof expl osi ves and ammuni t i on i n t he same car or t r uck . These r est r i c-t i ons ar e speci f i ed i n t he Loadi ng and St or age Char t of Expl osi vesand Ot her Danger ous Ar t i cl es and publ i shed i n I CC Regul at i ons . Ther est r i ct i ons may he summar i zed as f ol l ows ,
( 1)
Sul k i ni t i at i ng expl osi ves may not be shi pped dr y.( 2)
I ni t i at i ng component s such as det onat i ng f uzes, hl ast i ng caps,boast er s, and bur st er s may not be shi pped wi t h any ot her hi gh-expl osi ve i t em except when assembl ed t her et o. A f ur t her except i oni s per mi t t ed i n case of emer gency Cer t i f i ed by t he Of f i ce of t he Chi efof Or dnance, i n whi ch case i ni t i at i ng component s may be shi ppedwi t h hi gh- expl osi ve component s pr ovi ded t hey ar e separ at ed by a3- f oot sand bar r i cade .
( 3)
Fi r ev4- ar ks may not be shi pped wi t h hi gh expl osi ves or bl ackpowder .
( 4)
Chemi cal agent s may not be shi pped wi t h hi gh expl osi ves orbl ack powder .
188. RAI L SHI PMENT.a. Loadi ng. When l oadi ng f r ei ght car s f or shi pment ( f i gs . 160,
161, and 162) , Bur eau of Expl osi ves Pamphl et s No. 6 and 6A shoul dbe consul t ed, These pamphl et s gover n t he met hods of l oadi ng, st ay-i ng, and br aci ng of car l oad and l ess t han car l oad ( LCL) shi pment s ofexpl osi ves and ot her danger ous ar t i cl es, l oaded shel l s ( pr oj ect i l es) ,and l oaded bombs not cover ed i r l or dnance dr awi ngs. Or dnance dr aw-i ngs, speci f i cat i ons, and st andar d pr act i ce sheet s cont ai n cer t ai n t ech-ni cal i nf or mat i on r equi r ed i n t he car l oadi ng and st or age and mar ki ng
Par . TOOCor e, Handr i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
274
TM 9- 1900
TM 9- 1900
Par . 188
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of ammuni t i on. They may be obt ai ned by appl yi ng di r ect l y t o t heof f i ce of t he Chi ef of Or dnance. The Chi ef of Or dnance has com-pi l ed a ser i es of vol umed dr awi ngs, cover i ng ammuni t i on st or age,l oadi ng, and bl ocki ng whi ch ar e i n cl ass and di vi si on 19- 48, I t emsar e l i st ed by Ammuni t i on I dent i f i cat i on Code Symbol , packi ng, dr aw-i ng, and abbr evi at ed nomencl at ur e. For i nf or mat i on on l egal r equi r e-ment s, consul t TCC r egul at i ons,
h .
The car go shoul d be st udi ed and deci si on on appr opr i r i t e st ow-age made bef or ehand. The car best sui t ed f or t he needs at handshoul d be or der ed. When t he ear ar r i ves, i t shoul d be gi ven a t hor oughsweepi ng and i nspect i on f or pr ot r udi ng nai l s and bol t heeds, whi chmust be r emoved or cover ed wi t h wood.
The si des of t he car shoul dbe boar ded up wher e necessar y t o obt ai n an even bear i ng and pr operdunnage ( see Bur eau of Expl osi ves Pamphl et s) . Subst ant i al gang-ways shoul d be pr ovi ded; obst r uct i ons whi ch may pr event f r ee ent r yt o t he car r emoved; t he i mmedi at e vi ci ni t y cl ear ed of l eaves, dr ygr ass, and ot her i nf l ammabl e mat er i al s ; and t he br akes set and wheel schocked, Dur i ng l oadi ng oper at i ons, t he car and magazi ne doorshoul d be cl osed when engi neb nr speeder s ar e passi ng,
Car s shoul dnot be l ef t par t l y l oaded unl ess i t i s i mpossi bl e t o f i ni sh l oadi ng atone t i me, i n whi ch case car door s must be secur el y l acked, Af t erl oadi ng, t he shi pment shoul d be pr oper l y br aced and st ayed, t he carpr oper l y seal ed and pl acar ded ( see I CC r egul at i ons) , and a per -manent r ecor d of car number s kept . Too much i mpor t ance cannotbe pl aced on pr oper bl ocki ng and st ayi ng, I n many cases t he br aci ngmay seem excessi ve f or t he packages i nvol ved; however , i f a carl oaded wi t h packages of expl osi ves, movi ng at a r at e of 5 mi l es perhour , shoul d bump e sol i d t r ai n of l oaded car s, t he packages may besubj ect ed t o a pr essur e as hi gh us 5 t i mes t he t ot al wei ght of packagesi nvol ved. For exampl e, under t hese ci r cumst ances a 58- pound boxmoment ar i l y appr oaches 290 pounds of pr essur e. I n unl oadi ng car st he same saf et y pr ecaut i ons t hat have been out l i ned above shoul d beobser ved, An i nspect i on must be made of t he met hod of bl ocki ng,st ayi ng, and condi t i on and ser vi ceabi l i t y of cont ent s bef or e r el easi nga car f or shi pment , Al l car s t hat have cont ai ned expl osi ves shoul dbe car ef ul l y swept and el l pl acar ds r emoved,
Sweepi ngs shoul d bet hr own i n r unni ng wat er , bur ned, or pl aced i n a met al r ecept acl e f orl at er di sposi t i on.
Al l shi pment s r ecei ved i n a badl y damaged condi -t i on shoul d be r epor t ed t hr ough channel s t o t he Chi ef of Or dnance.
r .
Cer t i f i ed r ams. I nt er st at e Commer ce Commi ssi on r egul at i onsr equi r e t he use of a " cer t i f i ed car " f or shi pment of many expl osi ves ;r ef er t o I CCFr ei ght Tar i f f No, 4 f or except i ons .
A " car cer t i f i ed" f orshi pment of cer t ai n expl osi ves ( see I CC r egul at i ons) must be si gnedi n dupl i cat e by a r epr r esent at i ve of t he car r i er and of t he shi pper af t ershi pment i s l oaded and pr oper l y br aced_ Two of t hese must be
276
TM9- 1900
r ar e. 188- 199Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
at t ached out si de t he door s car t o t he si des of t he car , one on each si de,i n addi t i on t o r equi r ed expl osi ve pl acar d.
d. Spot t i ng of l oaded car e. Loaded r ai l r oad car s wi l l not be l ef ti n t he open ar ea bet ween magazi nes, wher e t hey may act as an i nt er -medi at e st ep i n pr opagat i on of an expl osi on. Rai l r oad l oadi ng andunl oadi ng f aci l i t i es f or ammuni t i on shoul d be separ at ed f r om i nhab-i t ed bui l di ngs, publ i c hi ghways, and publ i c r ai l r oads i n accor dancewi t h quant i t y- di st ance r equi r ement s, chapt er 3, sect i on I I . Car sshoul d not r emai n at t he l oadi ng or unl oadi ng f aci l i t i es l onger t han24 hour s . Not mor e t han one car shoul d be per mi t t ed at t he unl oad-i ng f aci l i t i es at one t i me ( t hi s does not appl y t o Por t s of Embar ka.t i on) . Addi t i onal car s shoul d be hel d on an i sol at ed spur . Car scont ai ni ng X; r nmuni t i on shoul d not be i n gr oups of mor e t han t hr eewhen spot t ed on t he spur , and t he gr oups shoul d be separ at ed by 400f eet . Bef or e car s cont ai ni ng expl osi ves and ammuni t i on ar e movedby a l ocomot i ve, t he ai r br ake coupl i ngs must be coupl ed and t est edt o assur e t hat t he ai r br akes ar e i n pr oper wor ki ng condi t i on.
Whencar s ar e spot t ed and engi nes ar e det ached, t he hand br akes must beset .
Dur i ng t he movi ng of a car by pi nchbar , a man must be st at i onedat t he hand br ake at al l t i mes .
" Dr oppi ng, " " bumpi ng, ' " ki cki ng, " ort he use of t he f l yi ng swi t ch wi t h car s l oaded wi t h expl osi ves andammuni t i on i s pr ohi bi t ed.
C.
l nsPCC110ei j ai i nr ki mi ng ; ahi pment i %.( 1)
Al l r ai l way car s bef or e ent er i ng a mi l i t ar y i nst al l at i on, mustr ecei ve compl et e ext er i or i nspect i on. Thi s i ncl udes exami nat i on ofcar seal s f or t amper i ng, and ver i f i cat i on of Pnt mber s agai nst shi ppi ngpaper s and bi l l of l adi ng t o i nsur e t hat car s have not been opened i nt r ansi t . I f car seal s have been t amper ed wi t h or do not cor r espondwi t h document s, or sabot age i s suspect ed, t he car Shoul d be i nspect edby aut hor i zed per sonnel at a speci al l ocat i on .
( 2) Compl et e i nt er i or i nspect i on i s made when t he car s ar eopened. Check cont ent s f or condi t i ons and ser vi ceabi l i t y, and bl ock-i ng and st ayi ng met hods i f damage i s pr eval ent .1119. WATER SHI PMENTS.
a. Regi i l at i ons, Shi pment s of expl osi ves and ot her danger ousar t i cl es aboar d vessel s ( i ncl udi ng l i ght er s and bar ges) by commer ci alser vi ce shal l conf or mt o t he r egul at i ons pr escr i bed by t he U. S. CoastGuar d Regul at i ons Gover ni ng Tr anspor t at i on of Mi l i t ar y Expl osi veson Boar d VesseI s dur i ng pr esent Emer gency, and I CC Tar i f f No. 3 .These r egul at i ons per mi t t he t r anspor t at i on of mi l i t ar y expl osi ves andammuni t i on i n accor dance wi t h r equi r ement s of t he War and NavyDepar t ment s . AR55- 170 cont ai ns r egul at i ons gover ni ng t r anspor t at i onof mi l i t ar y expl osi ves, i nf l ammabl es, and chemi cal mat er i al s. Al sor egul at i ons of por t s and har bor s of t he ci t i es and st at es af f ect edshoul d he consul t ed and compl i ed wi t h.
977
par . 189
TM9- 1940Car e, Handl i ng, and ' Pr eser vat i on
b.
Pr r cant i ons and saf e bxndbug.X1)
Tr anspor t at i on of expl osi ves, except smal l - ar r ns ammuni t i on,on shi ps car r yi ng passenger s i s pr ohi bi t ed except f or combat l oadi ngand ot her oper at i onal r equi r ement s whi ch may be except ed upondeci si on by compet ent aut hor i t y. Equi pment t o be used f or shi p-ment shoul d be i nspect ed and decl ar ed as accept abl e by dul y aut hori zed por t aut hor i t i es .
Regul at i ons cover i ng use of f i r es . st oves, gaso-l i r e, mat ches, smoki ng, f l ags, anchor s, l amps, hooks, et c . , shoul d beconsul t ed and st r i ct l y compl i ed wi t h.
Per sons under t he i nf l uence ofl i quor or dr ugs shoul d not be per mi t t ed on boar d a vessel whi l e l oad.i ng, unl oadi ng, or t r anspor t i ng of expl osi ves and ammuni t i on i s i npr ogr m. No r epai r s ot her t han emer gency r epai r s shal l be under -t aken whi l e any expl osi ves ar e on boar d as car go, and oper at i ons wi t hequi pment necessi t at i ng t he use of open f l ames or aci d i s pr ohi bi t edexcept upon speci al per mi ssi on% of por t aut hor i t i es .
Expl osi ves shal lbe st owed and segr egat ed by gr oups accor di ng t o Coast Guar d r egu-l at i ons .
( 2)
Ammuni t i on or expl osi ves i n bul k may be st owed i n a hol dbef or e or af t er ot her car go. pr ovi ded al l pr ecaut i ons ar e made agai nstt he hazar d of ar t i cl es bei ng dr opped f r omt he sl i ng.
As f ar as pr ac-t i cabl e al l wor k i n connect i on wi t h t he const r uct i on of a magazi ne,or ot her condi t i oni ng of hol ds, decks, or hat ches, shal l be compl et edpr i or t o act ual l oadi ng of ammuni t i on or bul k expl osi ves.
( 3)
The f l oor s of al l magazi nes and hol ds shal l be cl ear ed of al lr ubbi sh, di scar ded dunnage, and spi l l ed expl osi ves, end swept br oomcl ear s bef or e any ar mzvuni t i on or expl osi ves ar e l oaded ont o t he vessel .Bui l di ngs shal l al so be exami ned and any r esi due of pr evi ous car gor emoved t her ef r om.
( 4)
The hat ches ; of t he vessel wi l l be kept cl osed except dur i ngl oadi ng or unl oadi ng oper at i ons, and when so cl osed wi l l be cover edwi t h t ar paul i n and bat t ened,
( 5)
I f l oadi ng ar unl oadi ng i s not compl et ed dur i ng oper at i onalt i me, pr oper pr ecaut i ons wi l l be t aken t o guar d and pr ot ect t he car goagai nst f i r e . and a suf f i ci ent cr ew wi l l be l ef t i n char ge t o handl e t hevessel i n case of emer gency .
Docks shoul d be kept cl ear of r ubbi sh,et c . Ammuni t i on and expl osi ves shoul d not be l ef t on a dock orel sewher e unl ess pr oper guar d i s pr ovi ded or del i ver y made t o aut hor -i zed per sons. Expl osi ves and ammuni t i on wi l l not be l ef t on boar dover ni ght unl ess such act i on i s necessar y i nci dent t o t hei r t r nnspor t a-t i on.
Li ght er s shoul d Vi ol be t i ed up t o t hat par t of a vessel or dock.wher e t he hr er oomor bai l er i s l ocat ed.
Expl osi ves shoul d be kept asf ar away f r omt he boi l er r oom and engi ne r oomas i s possi bl e.
( 6)
The use of oi l or chemi cal bur ni ng l amps or l ant er ns i s pr o-hi bi t ed when l oadi ng. onl y el ect r i c l ant er ns wi l l be used wbef amovabl e ar t i f i ci al l i ght i s necessar y .
- 27s
TM 9- 1900
Par s . 199- 190Car o, Handl i ng, and Pr eaer vat i on
( 7)
Li ght er s, bar ges, scows, and t ugs engaged i n haul i ng vessel sor vessel s ber t hed at an ammuni t i on l oadi ng pi er l oaded wi t h expl o-si ves must have t hei r f unnel s or smoke st acks cover ed wi t h scr eeni ngof sui t abl e si ze t o pr event t he escape of spar ks.
Thi s scr eeni ng mustbe r enewed whenever i t i s br oken.
( 8)
Magazi nes ( car go spar e) f or expl osi ves and ammuni t i on andal l met al obst r uct i ons and const r uct i ons must be l i ned ent i r el y wi t hwood or aut hor i sed wood subst i t ut e not l egs t han 1 i nch t hi ck, nai l edwi t h cement - coat ed nai l s and count er sunk.
( 9) Expl osi ves awai t i ng r emoval or del i ver y shoul d be st or edout si de t he dock car whar f when pr act i cabl e and ever y possi bl e ef f or tmust be made t o r educe t he t i me of such st or age . St or age of t hesemat er i al s must be i n a saf e pl ace and away f r om danger ous ar t i cl es,
( 10)
Fackagos of oxpl oei ve and ammuni t i on must not be handl edr oughl y, i hr awn, dr opped, dr agged, or r ol l ed over each ot her or overdecks.
( 11)
Met al hand books shal l not be used i n handl i ng packages ofexpl osi vcm Cant hooks shel l not be used f or r ai si ng or l ower i ngbar r el s, dr ums, or ot her cont ai ner s of expl osi ves,
( 12)
Cont ai ner s of expl osi ves showi ng evi dence of damage orl eakage shal l not be accept ed f or t r anspor t at i on or st or age on boar da vessel ,
Recooper i ng or r epacki ng of damaged or f aul t y cont ai ner sshoul d be done at a saf e di st ance f r omt he vessel .
] ( A) . hl OTORTRUCK SHI PMENTS.a. Regul at i ons.( 1)
Regul at i ons gover ni ng t r anspor t at i on of ammuni t i on and ex-pl osi ves by t r uck i s f ul l y cover ed by I CC Mot or Car r i er Regul at i ons,par t No. 7, f or commer ci al car r i er , and AR 55- 155 t ot gover nm" t -oper at ed vehi cl es, and wi l l be st r i ct l y adher ed t o, Most st at es andCi t i es, t own&, vi l l ages, et c . , have t hei r own l aws concer ni ng t he t r ans-por t at i on of expl osi ves and ot her danger ous ar t i cl es wi t hi n t hei rj ur i sdi ct i on. The l ocal aut hor i t i es of t hose sect i ons t hr ough whi chmot or shi pment s wi l l pass shoul d be consul t ed and t hei r r ul es, r egu-l at i ons, and r ecommendat i ons as t o t he best r out e t o f ol l ow i n or dert o avoi d congest ed ar eas, be st r i ct l y adher ed t o. On r equest , l ocalpubl i c saf et y aut hor i t i es wi l l pr ovi de escor t s or guar ds f or movementof expl osi ves t hr ough t hei r j ur i sdi ct i on. I f compl i ance wi t h t heser ul es i s i mpr act i cabl e, t he mat t er shal l be r ef er r ed t o t he Chi ef ofOr dnance i n det ai l .
( 2)
Except i n cases of emer gency, shi pment s of ammuni t i on orexpl osi ve mat er i al s, except smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on, wi l l not beshi pped by mot or t r uck wi t hout pr i or appr oval of t he War Depar tment ,
Thi s does not appl y t o l ocal or near by haul i ng but i t i s i n-t ended t o pr event t r uck shi pment wher e r ai l or wat er f aci l i t i es ar eavai l abl e .
Par . 194
TM 9- 1940Car e, Ha, i dl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
( 3)
Expl osi ves and ot her danger ous ar t i cl es wi l l not be shi ppedby any commer ci al hi ghway car r i er nor wi l l l ocal dr ayage t her eof byany commer ci al concer ns be engaged, unl ess t he car r i er or dr ayageconcer n f i l es A cer t i f i cat e wi t h t he cont r ol l i ng t r anspor t at i on of f i cerst at i ng t hat sai d car r i er or dr ayage concer n wi l l compl y wi t h al l l awsand r egul at i ons pr omul gat ed by f eder al , st at e, and l ocal gover nment sand muni ci pal i t i es t hat may be appl i cabl e t o and gover n each par .t i eul ar shi pment of expl osi ves and ot her danger ou° ' ar t i cl es.
Mot orcar r i er s not l i censed by t he I CC may t r anspor t expl osi ves i n i nt er st at ecommer ce pr ovi ded par t s 2, 3 . 6, and 7 oaf t he Mot or Car r i er Saf et yRegul at i ons ar e obser ved.
( 4)
When gover nment - oper at ed vehi cl es ar e used i n t r anspor t i ngexpl osi ve mat er i al , t he shi ppi ng of f i cer wi l l t ake al l necessar y andr easonabl e pr ecaut i ons t o i nsur e saf e t r ansi t . Except i n t i me ofemer gency, t he shi ppi ng of f i cer wi l l be r esponsi bl e f or t he obser vat i onof al l I CC r egul at i ons appl i cabl e. I f t he cr ymmandi ng of f i cer of anar aer i al or depot or a gener al or f i el d of f i cer of t he l i ne decl ar es t heshi pment as an emer gency, t he shi ppi ng of f i cer wi l l t ake ever y r ea.sonabl e pr ecaut i on t o i nsur e saf e movement of t he expl osi ves, t oxi cgases, or ot her danger ous ar t i cl es whi l e i n t r ansi t on gover nmentr eser vat i ons and publ i c hi ghways.
( 5)
When t r ucks have been l oaded and r eady f or movement , t hedr i ver s wi l l be i nf or med of t he t r ue nat ur e of t he expl osi ves on t het r ucks, t he f i r e hazar ds, t he r net hoda t o be used i n f i ght i ng f i r es i nvol v-i ng t he t r uck or car go, t he mi sbi l e di st ance i n case of expl osi on, pr operdi st ance t o mai nt ai n bet ween ot her t r ucks, and any ot her i nf or mat i ont hat wi l l br i ng about saf e del i ver y of t he shi pment t o i t s dest i nat i on.
( 6)
Any expl osi ve or ammuni t i on accept ed f or r ai l shi pment i sequal l y accept abl e f or movement by t r uck ( par. 188) , and l oadi ngand st or age char t f or i t ems t hat may be l oaded on mot or vehi cl es i soi r ni l ar t o t hat used on r ai l r oad car s .
For f ur t her descr i pt i on, see I CC,par t No. 7.
I n passenger - car r yi ng vehi cl es, however , expl osi ves andchemi cal agent s way not be t r anspor t ed, except smal l - ar ms ammuni -t i on. l abor at or y sampl es, and cl ass B sol i d poi sons, or shi pment swei ghi ng l ess t han 100 pounds .
h.
Pr ecaut i ons and ear s handl i ng.( 1) Ever y pr ecaut i on agai nst f i r e must be obser ved. Tr ucks
shoul d be i nspect ed dai l y t o ascer t ai n t hat el ect r i c wi r i ng, l i ght s,br akes, gasol i ne t anks, and l i nes ar e i n good wor ki ng or der , t he engi necl ean of dust and oi l , and t he engi ne pan i s f r ee f r om accumul at i onsof di r t and gr ease. Accumul at i ons of oi l or gr ease spl ashed f r omt he uni ver sal j oi nt , t r ansmi ssi on, or ot her movi ng par t s, on t he undersi de of t he f out boar ds or body of t he car shoul d be cl eaned t hor oughl yaf t er each l ong t r i p or days wor k . Leaki ng gasol i ne t anks or l i nesshoul d be r epai r ed i mmedi at el y, and l i ght ed ci gar et t es, ci gar s, pi pes,
1171
7' 1 7L\ f
Car e, Ham' i ' l i ng. and Pr eser vat i on
and open f i ght s must be kept away f r om t he vi ci ni t y when f i l l i nggasol i ne t anks . When necessar y t o use mat ches, onl y saf et y mat chesm, , y be used. They must he kept i n a met al cont ai ner i n t he t oolbox, Usc- of " st r i ke anywher e" mat ches i s pr ohi bi t ed. The amountof wast e i n a t r uck shoul d be kept t o a mi ni mum, and oi l y and cl eanwast e shoul d be separ at ed. Tr ash , t houl d not be per mi t t ed t o ac-cumul at e i n t he Loc) l box,
( 2)
Al l t r ucks wi l l be pr ovi t l et l wi t h at l east one pr oper l y f i l l edf i r e ext i ngui sher _ ` Al l dr i ver s and ot her empl oyees shoul d he i n-st r uct ed as t o t he best met hods of ext i ngui shi ng gasol i ne f i r es wi t hPyr enf , and shoul d be i mpr essed wi t h t he f act t hat i r l near l y al l casest her e i s t i me t o ext i ngui sh & f i r s, as i t t akes an appr eci abl e t i me t oheat ani r nuni t i on t o t he poi nt wher e i t wi l l expl ode. A box cont ai i ) -i ng 3 cubi c f eet of , and shoul d be car r i ed on Loch vehi cl e .
( 3)
When ammuni t i on ant i expl osi ves ar e bei ng t r anspor t ed i n aconvoy of t r ut hs, i t i s advi " bl e t hat t hey do not become wi del ysepar at ed but a saf e di st ance bet ween each t r uck be mai nt ai ned t r yavoi d cl angor of col l i si on .
The convoy st i oul d be st opped once eachhour dur i ng t he t r i p, t o i nap+: ct each t r uckl oad, i n a l ocat i on notwi t hi n or cl ose t o l i mi t s of ci t i es, t ovms, or muai ci pal i t i es.
Dr i vi ngt hr ough congest ed ar eas shoul d be avoi ded when possi bl e . Tr ucksshoul d m9i nt ai n a moder at e sped ai r ] mal ce a f ul l st op at r ai l r oadcr ossi ngs. Unaut hor i sed pci suns wi l l not be per mi t t ed t o r i de ant r ucks . I f a t r uck cat ches f i r e, t he ot her t r ucks wi l l pr oceed t o asaf e di st ance i n cage an expl osi on may occur a, t i d guar ds post ed at adi st ance of sever al hundr ed yar ds on each si de of t he t r uck t o st opal l t r af f i c, .
I n case a t r uck br eaks do&n and cannot be t owed t o i t sdest i nat i on by one of t he ot her t r ucks, a t wo- man guar d shoul d hest at i oned and t 1
post t o whi ch t he convoy i s pr oceedi ng shoul d benot i f i ed so t hat a t r uck can be di spat ched at once wi t h l oadi ng per -sonnel t o r el i eve t he di sabl ed t r uck of i t s l oad.
( 4)
Fuzes or et her det onat i ng agent s shoul d not be t r anspor t edwi t h ot her expl osi ves. An except i on i s ammuni t i on f or cannon shi ppedwi t h f uzes or boost er s assembl ed_ The l oad shoul d be wel l br aced andst ayed and t ar paul i n spr ead t o pr ot ect t he l oad f r om t he weat herend f r om spar ks_
As an I CC War Emer gency Regul at i on, f uzes maybe t r anspor t ed wi t h ot her expl osi ves of a 3- f oot sand bar r i er separ at est he f uzes f r om t he ot her expl osi ves,
( S)
Expl osi ves and ammuni t i on shoul d not be unl oaded or pi l edi mmedi at el y back of t he exhaust Thi s r egul at i on i s i nt ended t oappl y t o bul k shi pment s of ammuni t i on by mot or t r uck_ No r egu-l at i ons wi l l be const r ued t o pr ohi l ut t he car r yi ng of compl et e r oundsof ar t i l l er y ammuni t i on, i ncl udi ng f uzes and pr i mer s, i n one vehi cl eby combat uni t s_
( 6) When t r ansj ) or t i ng ar t i l l er y ammuni t i on, al l pr oj ect i l esshoul d be per Hl l 0 t o t he si de of t he t r uck so t hat t he pr oj ect i l e wi l l
; Mt 13 0 411 i X
2at
ear . i vu
Par . 190Car e, Nondl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
7M9- 1904
not r ol l back agai nst t he t ai l gat e of t he t r uck. I f i t i s necessar y t opl ace mor e t han one l ayer of pr oj ect i l es i n t he t r uck, st r i ps of pl ank-i ng shoul d be pl aced over t he f i r st l ayer of pr oj ect i l es t o pr ot ect t her ot at i ng bands f r om becomi ng def or med t hr ough cont act wi t h ot herpr oj ect i l es when t he t r uck i s i n mot i on.
( 7)
No cont ai ner of expl osi ves or ot her danger ous ar t i cl es maybe accept ed by a mot or car r i er i f damaged or i n a l eaki ng condi t i on.Any cont ai ner f ound br oken or l eaki ngdur i ng t r ansi t may be r epai r edwhen pr act i cabl e and not danger ous. Repai r s shoul d be done i naccor dance wi t h best and saf est pr act i ce known and at l east 140 f eetf r om ot her expl osi ves or ammuni t i on, I f t he damaged cont ai nercannot be r epai r ed, i t shoul d be r ei nf or ced by heavy wr appi ng paperand t wi ne. pl aced i n anot her st or age box, and sur r ounded by dr y f i nesawdust , dr y cl ean cot t on wast e, or wads made f r om dr y newspaper sand box cover secur el y at t ached.
When l eaki ng and d i maged con-t ai ner i s beyond r ecooper age, i t may not be t r anspor t ed beyond t hemi ni mum di st ance necessar y t o r each a pl ace wher e t he expl osi vemay be di sposed of wi t h saf et y.
( 8)
Tr ucks must have pneumat i c r ubber t i r ea and br akes on al lf our wheel s.
( 9)
Al l ar t i f i ci al l i ght i ng must be el ect r i c .( I 0)
Puel t ank i nl et s and connect i ons shoul d be equi pped wi t ha devi ce t o r el i eve i nt er nal pr essur e and pl aced so t hat no over f l owcan spi l l on t he exhaust , and exhaust pi pes wi l l be pr ot ect ed by apr oper l y const r uct ed f l ame baf f l e.
( 11)
The f l oor s of al l vehi cl es must be t i ght , and exposed met alon t he body cover ed or pr ot ect ed wi t h wood or nonmet al l i c mat er i al .
( l 2) Li ght i ng equi pment on vehi cl es shoul d be i n conf or mancewi t h t he st andar ds pr escr i bed by t he I CC or t he l aws of t he st at ewi t hi n whi ch t he vehi cl e i s oper at i ng.
( 13)
hl ot or t r ucks cont ai ni ng expl osi ves wi l l never be t aken i nt oa gar age or r epai r shi p f or r epai r or st or age unl ess i t i s an open, sun-shaded gar age wher e no open- f l ame l i ght er bur ner i s i n use.
( 14)
When possi bl e expl osi ves wi l l be t r anspor t ed dur i ng day .l i ght .
( 15)
I CCr ul es f or bi d t r anspor t at i on of expl osi ves on any f ul l orpol e t r ai l er ,
( 16) I nt et i or s of t r ucks must be f r ee of bol t s, nai l s, or ot herpr oj ect i ons whi ch may damage cont ai ner s.
( 17 )
The ent i r e l oad must be wi t hi n t he body of t he vehi cl e, andt he t ai l boar d of gat e must be cl osed and secur ed dur i ng t r ansi t
( 1$)
The engi nes of al l t r ucks must be st opped, al l br akes set ,and wheel s chocked bef or e l oadi ng and unl oadi ng,
282
TM 9- 1900
Por s . 190- 19TCar e, 1YHnX-X1i t t g, ar bcT Pr eser vat i on
( 19) Loaded t r ucks wi l l not be l ef t i n t he open ar ea bet weenmagazi nes as t hey may act as an i nt er medi at e st ep i n pr opagat i ng anexpl osi on .
( 20)
Ref uel i ng shoul d be r educed t o a mi ni mum, The el ect r i ci gni t i on syst em shoul d be t ur ned of f and t he engi ne st opped dur i ngt he r ef uel i ng pr ocess . I f t he engi ne i s pr ovi ded wi t h a magnet o, i tshoul d be gr ounded.
( 21) For any cont i nuous t r i p l onger t han 8 hour s, t he dr i vermust be accompani ed by an assi st ant .
Smoki ng wi l l not be per mi t t edi n t he cabs of vehi cl es t r anspor t i ng expl osi ves.
The car wi l l not bel ef t unat t ended on a pnbl i c st r eet or hi ghway .
( 22) Ever y shi pment of danger ous expl osi ve wi l l be del i ver edonl y t o a per son aut hor i zed t o t vcei ve i t . except such shi pment b asar e pl aced i n magazi nes whi ch ar e i mmedi at el y t her eaf t er l ocked,
( 23)
Mot or vebi ci es car r yi ng expl osi ves or ammuni t i on wi l l havet he pr escr i hf d pl acar di ng wi t h l et t er i ng no l ess t han 3 i nches hi gh ona sui t abl e backgr ound,
Sour °' Expl odve" si gns ar e r equi r ed, one ont he r ear , f r ont , and on each si de.
When t r anspor t i ng mor e t han onecl ass of expl osi ves or danger ous ar t i cl es, no mar e t han one ki nd ofsi gn l et t er i ng or pl acar d need be di spl ayed and t hat one must be t heone whi ch desi gnat es t he most danger ous ar t i cl e: bei ng t r anspor t ed.
( ' ' 4)
I n case of acci dent , al l unbr oken packages and as much ofany br oken packages as possi bl e wi l l be car ef ul l y gat her ed and r e-moved t o a pl ace of saf et y i n or der t o pr event t i r e or expl osi on.Car e shoul d be t aken not t o pr oduce spar ks.
I n t he event t hat amot or vehi cl e i s ent angl ed wi t h anot her or wi t h an obj ect or st r uc-t ur e, no at t empt wi l l be made t o di sent angl e t he vehi cl e unt i l t he l oadi s r emoved t o a pl ace 300 f eet f r om t he vehi cl e or any habi t at i on,I nhabi t ant s and ot her vehi cl es wi l l be war ned of t he danger ,
( 23)
When expl osi v" and ammuni t i on ar e bei ng t r anspor t er ) byt r uck f r om r ai l r oad l oadi ng and unl oadi ng f aci l i t i es t o or f r om t hemagazi ne ar ea, a r out e shoul d he sel ect ed whi ch avoi ds t r avel t hr oughcongest ed ar eas of t he post .
Sect i on VII NSPECTI ON AND SURVEI LLANCE
191 . £) EFI NI TI ONS.; a,
I napr r t i un, Per i odi c and speci al vi sual exami nat i ons whi chmay i ncl ude gagi ng, wei ghi ng, or i nvest i gat i on of component s as r e-qui r ed f ur t he pur poses of det er mi ni ng t he cur r ent ser vi ceabi l i t y oft he st ocks on hand and det ect i ng evi dences of det er i or at i on,
h* NI ai nt enanec. The car e t aken and wor k done t o keep t he am-muni t i on i n good condi t i on,
Par s. 191- 193
I Nt 9- t yw
Car e, Handl i ng, at xd Pr ese7Vaf l or 2
d.
{ : r at t i ng,
See chapt er 1, sect i on 11.
r .
Sur vei l l ance. . Obser vat i on, i nspect i on, i nvest i gat i on, t est , st udy,and cl assi f i cat i on of ammuni t i on and ammuni t i on component s andexpl osi ves i n movement , st or age, and use, wi t h r espect t o degr ee r _, fser vi ceabi l i t y and r at e of det er i or at i on .
192. I NSPECTI ON O NUGAMNLS AND MAC: AEI NE AREAS.a. Magazi nes and magazi ne ar eas shoul d be i nspect ed once a
mont h, or mor e f r equent l y as nt i ay be r equi r ed by r egul at i ons andcondi t i ons, t o see t hat al l condi t i ons er e nor mal , t hat nei t her humi d-i t y nor t emper at ur e i s or has been t oo hi gh wi t hi n t he magazi ne andt i t i at cont ai ner s ar e i n a sat i sf act or y condi t i on.
l i p . The f ol l owi ng i s a sur nmar y of condi t i ons t hat shoul d appl ywhen ammuni t i on i s i nspect ed :
( 1)
Tl t e l ocat i on of magazi nes shoul d conf or m t o t he quar t i t i t y-di st ance t abl es i n r egar d t o di st ance f r om i nhabi t ed bui l di ngs, f r ompubl i c. hi ghways and r ai l r oads, and f r omeach ot her ,
( 2) The magazi ne ar ea shoul d be wel l guar ded and pr ot ect edagai nst f i r e.
( 3) The r equi r ed f i r ebr eaks shoul d be pr ovi ded and f r ee f r omr ubbi sh and i nf l ammabl e mat er i al.
( 4)
The magazi nes shoul d be wel l and sui t abl y const r uct ed.( 5)
The magazi nes shoul d be i n good r epai r , dr y, and wel l vent i -l at ed
( 6)
The i nt er i or s of magazi nes shoul d be cl ean and neat wi t hst or es ar r anged i n or der l y pi l es,
( 7) The r equi r ement s of t he Mi xed St or age Char t , par agr aph173, shoul d be met .
{ g)
The st or es shoul d be pr oper l y i dent i f i ed by l ot number andpi l ed wi t h no mor e t han one t at i n each pi l e.
( 9)
Out er cont ai ner s shoul d be secur el y cl osed.( 10)
Loose r ounds, dai naged cont ai ner s, empt y cont ai ner s, pai nt ,oi l , wast e, r ags, t ool s, and ot her pr ohi bi t ed ar t i cl es shoul d not bepr esent i n t he magazi ne.
( 11)
Al l ammuni t i on, expl osi ves, and l oad component s ( exceptsmal l - ar ms ammuni t i on) shoul d be st or ed i n segr egat ed magazi nesand not i n bui l di ngs used f or ot her pur poses,
( l 2)
ExuNt e shoul d be r emoved f r ommagazi nes pr ompt l y .( 13)
Fi l es of publ i cat i ons shoul d not be kept i n magazi ne&
193. ShI OKELESS POWDER.a, Smokel ess powder i n bul k and separ at e- l oadi ng pr opel l i ng
char ges shoul d be i nspect ed t o see t hat al l cont ai ner s have l i ds f as-
TM9- 1904
Par s . 193- 194Car e, Handl i ng, ar 7d Pr eser vat i on
t oned f i r ml y i n pl ace. t hat cont ai ner s ar e ai r t i ght and i n good condi -t i <' i n . They shoul d be exami ned f or evi dence of havi ng been subj ect edt o moi st ur e and dampness and, i n wt i r m weat her and cl i mat es, t her e,col ' dS of t he me: : i mum- mi ni mum t her momet er exor ni ned. Met alcont ai nemof separ at e- l oadi ng pr opel l i ng Char ges shoul d be ai r - t est ed.Ai r - t est i ng per sonnel shoul d he f ami l i ar wi t h t he odor of decomposi ngpo,xder and shoul d i u3t e ear ef u) l y t he odor f r omeach cont ai ner as i topened f or ai r t est .
( 1)
Wl i en sr t i oket ess powder r eaches an age at whi ch i t may beexpect ed t o det er i or at e wi t h i nr cr eesed r api di t y, each cont ai ner i s i n-spect ed at l east ever y 1` ? mont hs, Pr opel l i ng char ges of l ot s t hatsat i sf act or i l y par sed pr evi ous i nspect i on shoul d be r ei nspect ed at12- mont h i nt er val s,
I f i t appear s t hat i t wi l l he nece9Sar y t o wi t h-hol d i nspect i on so t hat t he el apsed t une wi l l be gr eat er t han 14mont hs, pr i or aut hor i t y wi l l be obt ai ned f r omt he Chi ef of Or dnance.N' I et hods of i nspect i on and t est s t o be per f or med ar e l ai d down eachyear by t he Chi ef of Or dnance and publ i shed i n WDSB 9- AMM7.
( 2) Wher e t he number of def ect i ve pr opel l i ng char ges i n anyone l ot r eaches 10 per cent , t he bal ance of t he l ot wi l l t her eaf t er bei nspect ed at 6- mont h i nt er val s,
I t ,
Dur i ng i nspect i on. mi nor r epai r s such as t i ght eni ng f aci ngs andr epl aci ng gasket s shoul d be ef f ect ed .
r . I n l ar ge magazi nes, i nst ead of dat i ng each met hyl - vi ol et t estpaper i ndi vi dual l y, a r ecor d may be kept i n t he magazi ne of t he dat eof i nspect i on. I f any l ot s cont ai ni ng such undat ed paper s ar e shi ppedel sewher e, t he dat e of I SSL 3ngpect i on whi ch nor mal l y appear s an t het o- X- t paper wi l l be shown on t he shi ppi ng t i cket .
194,
M, , EDANDSEARFI XEDAN1nT[ i y I TTONANDGRENADES.a.
Al l st ocks on hand shoul d be i nspect ed t o see t hat t hey can ber eadi l y i dent i f i ed as t o ki nd and l ot number and t hat t he ammuni t i onhas nut been subj ect ed t o moi st ur e and dampness .
Cont ai ner s shoul dbe exami ned t o see t hat t hey hove not been opened nor i ndi vi dualr ounds r emoved f r om t hei r seal ed cont ai ner s. Ser vi ceabl e r oundst ur ned i n by t r oops shoul d be exami ned t o see t hat t hey have beenpr oper l y r epacked and seal ed.
Unser vi ceabl e r ounds oi l hand shoul di ve exami ned t o see t hat t hey si v packed i n cl osed cont ai ner s andi nqui r y made t o ascer t ai n t hat t hey 1s eve been r epor t ed f or di sposi t i on .
h.
When any l ar ge number of r ounds of f i xed or aer ni f i xed ar n-Muni t i nn has been i n st or age 5 year s or mor e, pr ovi si on shoul d ber uade f or t he i nspect i on of t he pr opel l i ng powder f r omr epr esent at i vel ot s of t he r ounds. Thi s r equi r es di sassembl y of t he r ound andshoul d be done wi t h ext r eme car e by exper i enced per sonnel onl y.Request may he made of t he appr opr i at e ser vi ce enr nr nt i nd f or shi p-pi ng r epr esoI t t t at i ve r ounds o¬ t he l ot s t o or di l ance est abl i shment s or
205
Par s . 194- 195
TM 9- 1900Car e, Handl i ng and Pr eser vat i on
f or an ammuni t i on i nspect or t o super vi se t he di sassembl y and i nsp(: c-t i on. These r epr esent at i ve r ounds shoul d be exami ned as f ol l ows :
( 1)
Thr ee packages r epr esent i ng each l ot wi l l be r emoved f r omt he magazi ne t o a l ocat i on i n accor dance wi t h saf et y r equi r ement s,and one r ound of ammuni t i on wi l l be sel ect ed at r andom f r om eachpackage. These r ounds shoul d be r emoved f r om t he magazi ne and4i sassembl ed wi t h car e,
I mmedi at el y af t er t he shel l i s r emoved f r omt he car t r i dge case, t he odor f r om t he powder wi l l be not ed.
Al l i nst ances of t he odor of ni t r ous f umes wi l l be r epor t ed.
I n gener al , anychar ge cont ai ni ng an excess of one per cent det er i or at ed gr ai ns wi l lhave a mar ked odor of ni t r ous f umes.
I f ni t r ous f umes ar e det ect ed,t he smokel ess powder f f mn t hat r ound wi l l be dest r oyed, t he pr i merf i r ed, and t he bal ance of t he r ound ehi l i ped t o t he near est or dnancedepot , The ent i r e l ot wi l l t hen be hel d f or di sposi t i on .
( 2)
Semi Xxed ammuni t i on wi l l I r e i nspect ed as descr i bed aboveexcept t hat , when t he char ge i s cont ai ned i n bags, t he bags onl y wi l lbe i nspect ed f or par t i al or t ot al di scol or at i on and subj ect ed t o amai t i ual t est t o det er mi ne t he ser vi ceabi l i t y of t he car t r i dge casecl ot h. Rounds cont ai ni ng bags whi ch ar e di scol or ed or spot t ed, i nwhi ch t he bags ar e weak due t o det er i or at ed smokel ess powder , wi l lbe di sposed of as descr i bed above.
( 3)
Mor t ar shel l , gr enades, mi nes, ant i r ocket s ar e i nspect ed asi n subpar agr aph a, above, except t hr i t ext r eme car e i s t aken t o see t hatal l gr enades and gr enade f UZCS ar e i n cont ai ner s whi ch ar e so ef f ec-t i vel y cl osed t hat t he ar t i cl es cannot be eaf i i l y r emoved and handl ed.
( 4) A r epor t i n dupl i cat e f or each l ot i nspect ed wi l l be f or -war ded, t hr ough channel s, t o t he Chi ef of Or dnance.
e.
Car t r i dge cases shoul d be i nspect ed, as occasi onal l y bur s, pr o-j ect i um, and sl i ght i mper f ect i ons ar e f or med on t he mout h of casesdur i ng seat i ng or cr i mpi ng oper at i ons on an assembl i ng machi ne.Such i r r egul ar i t i es must he r emoved so t hat t he r ounds may chambercor r ect l y . The use of power - dr i ven gr i ndi ng wheel s on l oaded mat er i al i s pr ohi bi t ed.
Al t hough i t i s pr ef er abl e t hat no f i l i ng or gr i nd-i ng be done on l oaded car t r i dge cases, t he car ef ul use of a f i l e f or t hi spur pose may be per mi t t ed when necessar y. When f i l i ng, t he r at emust be l i mi t ed so t hat t he heat gener at ed wi l l not be danger ous,Pr ot ect i on shoul d be gi ven t he pr i mer .
195 . SRALL"AWNI S A, 1011 ; NI I TI ON,a. TM9 " 1990 and WI DSB 9- AMM4 shoul d be avai l abl e f or
r ef er ence.b.
An exami nat i on shoul d be made t o ver i f y t he f ol l owi ng :( 1) That al l ammuni t i on on hand i s pr oper l y i dent i f i ed.( 2) That out er cont ai ner seal s have not been br oken or l i ner s
opened.
T. t i t 9- 1900
Par s . 195 , - 198Car e, l YaY] Cl 2i r t ( X, ar ea Pr e&Cr Vf l i i on
( : 3) That cover s of par t l y f i l l ed out er cont ai ner s ai v f i r ml yf ast ened.
( 4) That an excessi ve quant i t y of gr ade 3 ammuni t i on has notaccumul at ed.
( 5)
That gr ade 3 ammuni t i on has been r epor t ed ( per . $) ,( 6)
That t her e i s no gr eat accumul at i on of ser vi ceabl e r ounds ofAmmuni t i on not packed i l l cl i ps of bandol eer s or i n t he r egul ar l ypr escr i bed manner .
( 7)
That t her e i s no accumul at i on of ot her wi se ser vi ceabl e am-muni t i on not i dent i f i ed by l ot number .
e. The cont ent s of r epr esent at i ve cont ai ner s of l ot s t hat havebeen i n st or age f or 1 year shoul d he i nspect ed f or cor r osi on, seasoncr acki ng, dent s, or ot her def ect s of t he car t r i dge case, - and f or l oosebul l et s or spl i t t r acer bul l et s_
d.
Ser i ous def ect s shoul d be r epor t ed at once and, i f t he numberof def ect i ve car t r i dges i s gr eat er t han 20 per cent , t he l ot shoul d behel d f or i ni l r uct i or i 3 f r om t he Chi ef of Or dnance.
196. BULK EXPLOSI VES.a.
Hi gh expl osi ves anal bl ack powder . Bl ack powder i n bul k,pr act i ce bomb and smoke- puf f char ges, TNT i n bul l s and bl ocks, ex-pl osi ve D, and dynar ni t e shoul d be exami ned t o see t hat t he con-t Ai ner s ar e i n good condi t i on, t hat t her e ar e no open cont ai ner s, andt hat expl osi ves ar e not si f t i ng f r om t he cont ai ner s- Bl ack powdercont ai ner s shoul d be exami ned f or r ust and f or evi dence t hat con-t ai ner s havv. been opened i n an i mpr oper manner . such as by t he useof a col d chi sel , hat chet , or ot her unsui t abl e t ool , Dynami t e con-t ai ner s shoul d be exami ned f or si gns of exudat i on and ot her evi denceof ni t r ogl ycer i n on t he case or on t he Boor .
h.
Bul b powder ( smohr l eAi , ) .( 1)
Sul k powder of l ot s t hat sat i sf act or i l y passed pr evi ous i n-spect i ons shoul d be r ei nsl wt ed at 12- mont h i nt er val s, The act i onpr ovi ded i n par agr aph 193 appl i es when i t appear s t he per i od wi l lbe gr eat er t han 14 mont hs .
( 2)
Hul k powder f r om l ot s i n whi ch 10 per cent or mor e of t hel ot was f ound def ect i ve wi l l 1>e r ei nspect ed at 6- mont h i nt er val s .Each box wi l l be opci t ed . I f t he powder smel l s of ni t r ous f umes,or i f t he N/ 10 met hyl - vi ol et paper has t ur ned whi t e, t hat box wi l li mmedi at el y be segr egat ed and subsequent l y di 3posad of . Bul kpowder segr egat ed wi l l be r epor t ed on Ammuni t i on Condi t i on Repor tas gr ade I l l f or di sposi t i on by t he Chi ef of Or dnance, I f nei t her oft he above def ect s ar e f ound, a new dat ed N/ 10 met hyl - vi ol et paperwi l l be pl aced i n t he box, and t he box r et ur ned t o st or age.
I f t heamount of def ect i ve powchr i n any one l ot equal s 10 per cent of t he
p a r s, 196- - 19a
TM 9- 1904Car e. N*r nd1i nA, ai u1 pr e. wr vat i on
l ot , t he bal ance of t he l ot wi l l be i nspect ed t her eaf t er at 6- mont hi nt er val s .
( 3)
For f ur t her i nf or mat i on, see WDSE 9- AMNI 7.
197. SEPARATE- LOA1) I I V4Y SI ULL.a. separ at e and unf i xed Shel l shoul d be i nspect ed t o see t hat
t hey ar e pi l ed i n t he i nar ut i er , and wi t h t he cl ear szwe, pr escr i bed i nchapt er 3: sect i on I I . Shel l shoul d be i nspect ed f or r ust ar cor r osi onand some of t he f uze hol e pl ugs shoul d be r er naved t o see t hat t het hr eads ar e not bur r ed or r ust y and t hat t he cavi t y i s cl ear . Fuzehol e pl ugs whi ch r equi r e excessi ve f or ce t o r emove Shoul d not ber emoved i n t he Magazi ne. When necessar y t o r emove such pl ugs,bar r i caded pr ot et "t i on shoul d be l i r avi ded_
Sands 4houl d be pr ot ect edagai nst dent s, cut s, Hzul pr essur e f r om upper l ayer s of shel l , shel lshoul d be exami ned t o seo t hat t hey ar e pr oper l y pai nt ed and mar kedas r equi r ed_ TNT or ar nat ol shel l shoul d be exami ned f or exudat e.Any exudat e f or med on shel l or t he f l oor shoul d be scr ubbed up wi t hhot wat er or r 4cet ane .
Exudi ng shel l shoul d be r epor t ed and hel d f ordi sposi t i on. Exudet e i s an oi l y br own l i qui d t hat oozes out ar oundt he t hr ead i t s t he nose of a shel l .
I t i s i nf l ammabl e and may car r ysmal l par t i cl es of TNT,
I f t he exudat i on i s sl i ght , t he ser vi ce Ci un-
r nand or depar t ment or dn8nce of f i cer may per mi t t he shel l t o be usedaf t er t he exudat e has been t hor oughl y cl eaned of f _
I f t he exudat i oni s excessi ve and dr i b on t he ot her shel l or t he f l oor , t he Shel l wi l l notbe used_
l k, When i t become:; necessar y t o r econdi t i on t he ext er i or sur -f aces of pr oj ect i l es, t hey shoul d f ast be t hor oughl y cl eaned. Met aldoes not st op r ust i ng unl ess al l si gns of r u4t ar e r emoved f r om t heSJHel l _ Li ght engi ne oi l shoul d be appl i ed and cl eaned of f wi t h dr y-cl eani ng sol vent af t er 2 or 3 weeks ; t hen pai nt , wi t h one coat ofpr i mer ant i one, or t wo i f necessar y, coat s of pai nt .
Pr ovi si on mustt i e made f or st 4noi f i zt i g l ot number s and ot her i dent i f yi ng mar ks onpr oj ect i l es and st or i ng t hemso t hat t he shel l may be r eadi l y i dent i f i edby l ot number ,
198.
R1) i t RS, The r equi r ement s f or t he i t i aspeet i on of f r agment a-t i on bor nbs ar p si mi l ar t o t hose f or f i xed ammunhi on, Gener al -pur pose bombs ar e i nspect ed t o see t hat t he r egul at i ons l ai d down f orst or age ar e st r i ct l y compl i ed wi t h.
Exami nat i on shoul d be made f orexudat e, r ust , and cor r osi on. Fi n assembl i es shoul d be pr ot ect ed .Fuze hol e pl ugs shoul d be r emoved f r omr epr esent at i ve sampl e t o seet hat t hr eads and cavi t i es ar e i n good condi t i on . Pai nt i ng and mar k-i ng shoul d be i n accor dance wi t h r egul at i ons. Exudi ng bombs ar ecl eaned t he same as exudi ng shel f ( par , 197 a) , but t her e ar e t sor est r i ct i ons as t o t hei r i ssue,
sea
TM 9- 1900
Pays, 199- 204Car e, Handhr X, and Pr eser vat i on
199. SURMARTNE MI NE EXPLOSI VES. Al l submar i ne mi t r eexpl osb. es, i ncl udi ng bul k TNT And hl ast i ng caps, shoul d he i n-spect ed annuaI l y The i nspect i on of TNT wi l l be made as r equi r edby par agr aph 196 and t he i nspect i on of ei oct r i c bl ast i ng caps as r e-qui r ed by par agi Nph 201: 1 .
I n addi t i on, r epr esent at i ve sampl es wi l l het est ed wi t h an appr oved- t ype el ect r i c bl ast i ng cap ci r cui t t est er .
Anyr l uost i onobl e bl ast i ng cal - A shoul d aI sn be t est ed wi t h t h( ! ci r cui t t est er .
240,
FUZES - AND SMALL I TEMS. Fuzes and ot her smal l l oaded.component s and 9mmuni t i on i t emf t shoul d be exami ned t o see t hatt hey ar e st or ed i n seal ed cont ai ner s and wel l pr ot ect ed agai nst moi s-t ur e. hs4r t l y f i l l ed out er cont ai ner s ar e exami ned t o X: ee t hat t heyhave 1) , - - en pr oper t y r oeal ed.
A check sI koul d be made t o see t hat t hecomponent s ar e sui t t i bl e f or uqa wi t h t he ammuni t i on on hand andt hat t he r equi r ed number i s avai l abl e,
Component s whi ch have beeni i i st or age mor e t han 7 year wi l l have a r epr esent at i ve out er cont ai ner( 31 each l ot opened mi d t he cont ent s exami ned f or r u4t , di scol or at i on,and cor r osi on . Sat i sf act or y i t t Xms: ar e r eseal ed by r esol der i ng con-t ai ner 9 or seal i ng kvi t h f r i ct i ov t ape and a coat of shel l ac, t<7ues-t i onahl c i t ems wi l l not be i ssued but wi l l be r epor t ed t o t he Chi efof Or dnance f or di sl x) , ,d1i or L .
2111 .
PYROTECI I NI C5.
Pyr ot echni cs sI LO, ul d be exami ned t o seet hat al l cont ai ner s ar e i n goad condi t i on, and t hat t hey ar e ef f ect i vel ycl o8ed so t hat t he cut i t et nt s cannot be easi l y r emoved or handl ed.
2.
CHFMI C: 1L AMMUNI TI ON. Chemi cal ammuni t i on shoul dbe i nspect ed t o see t hat i t i s st or ed So t hat any l eaky cont ai ner canbe r eadi l y r emoved ant i t hat f aci l i t i es f or handl i ng l eaky cont ai ner sar e avai l abl e. The ammuni t i on shoul d be exami ned mont hl y f orl eaks and ever y 6 mont hs f or r ust or cor r osi on. Boxes shoul d beexami ned t o see i f t her p. ar e any l nst r ut Xt i ons t her eon r equi r i ng t hedest r uot i on or use of t he cont ent s by a cer t ai n dat e. Cont ai ner swhi t a, devel op l eaks shoul d ho r epor t ed, t hr ough channel s, t o t heChi ef of Or dnance, Such r el kxr t s shoul d i ncl ude i nf or mat i on ay t ot ype. l ot , dat e di scoveMI , nat ur e of l eak, Hnd whet her appar ent l ycaused by def ect i ve mat er i al. or i mpr oper handl i ng, and di sposi t i onmade of cont ai ner or di sposi t i on r ecommended.
' ?11 : 3 .
I NERT COMPONENTS.
I ner t or empt y component s, of am-i nuni t i on shoul d be i naper t ed t o see t hat t 1Lcy ar e pr oper l y pr ot ect edagai nst r ust and cor r mXXi on, or i f t hey need a r enewal of a pr ot ect i vecoat i ng of pai nt or gr ease,
2104.
OUTDOORSTORAGE. Ammuni t i on st or ed out door s shoul dl i e f r equent l y i i r spect ed f ur si gns cXf det er i or at i on or l oose component s.
2es
Por s . 205- 207Car e, Har ul l i xt g, and Pr eser vat i on
TM 9- 1900
265, I t LNORT OF LN51"at VI CFAI i <LE AND DEFECTI VE Ahl -MuNI Tl O: N.
a.
When t he mat er i al i n t he hands of t r oops i s i nspect ed, i nqui r yshoul d be made as t o any ammuni t i on f ai l ur es exper i enced si nce t hedat e of t he l ast i nspect i on and whet her suel t i f ai l ur es have been r e-por t ed. I f no r epor t has been made t hr ough channel s t o t he Chi efof Or dnance, al l avai l abl e det ai l s of f ai l ur es wi l l be col l ect ed and sor epor t ed.
I F.
I f t he i nspect or f i nds def ect s i n ammuni t i on whi ch wi l l r equi r et he expen( l i t ur e of l abor or f unds t o cor r ect , he shoul d t ake car e t oexami ne a suf f i ci ent number of cont ai ner s or r ounds t o i nsur e ar epor t on aver age condi t i ons and not i sol at ed cases,
The exami nat i onof f i r e cont ai ner s, sel ect ed at r andom, shoul d he suf f i ci ent f or a r epor tt hat wi l l r ef l ect aver age condi t i ons.
' ?0G.
PUBLI CATI ONF11X.a.
A f i l e of per t i nent Techni cal Regul at i ons, Techni cal Manual s,Fi el d Manual s, WDS13' s, Or dnance Fi el d Ser vi ce Bul l et i ns, and Or d-nance Depar t ment Saf et y Bul l et i , t i s, t oget her wi t h a copy of t heOr dnanco Saf et y Manual , 0. 0. For mNo. 7274, wi l l be kept compl et eand up- t o- dat e. The ser vi ce command or depar t ment or dnance of -f i cer or hi s assi st ant Ahoul d det er mi ne. when i nspect i ng ammuni t i onat a post , camp, or st at i on, t hat such f i l es ar e avai l abl e and t hei rcont ei xt s t hor oughl y under st ood.
h. Addi t i onal i nf or mat i on r egar di ng i nspect i on and sur vei l l ancemay be f ound i n chapt er 5 .
207, DEFI NI TI ONS.
Sect i on VI I
RENOVATI ON
a,
Henoval i on denot es al l act i vi t i es . necessar y t o pl ace ammuni -t i on i n a ser vi ceabl e condi t i on, whi ch i nvol ve di sassembl y of t hei t em. Such di sasaci nbl y does not moan t hat whi ch i s i nvol ved i n .or di nar y oper at i on such as t he f uzi ng and unf uzi ng t hat may be per -f or med by a gun cr ew, but t hat whi ch i nvol ves t he openi ng of a j oi ntwhi ch or i gi nal l y was i nt ended t o be per manent , as shown by cr i mpi ng, st aki ng, or cement i ng.
' Renovat i on may be necesmr y t o r epl acee component whi ch has; become unser vi ceabl e or undesi r abl e becauseof det er i or at i on, damage, or change of desi gn.
Renovat i on of ammu-ni t i on i ncl udes such r econdi t i oni ng, sal vage, and dest r uct i on of un-usabl e eOMPonent s as may be r equi r ed.
TM 9- 1900
Pon. 207210Car e, Handl f ng, and Pr esi er vat l ot r
b.
Recondi t i oni ng denot es t hose mai nt enance and r epai r aCt i vi .t i es whi ch do not i nvol ve r epl acement of unser vi ceabl e component s.I t i ncl udes such oper at i ons as der u%I i ng, r epai nt i ng, r est enci l i ng, r epai rof cont ai ner , , , and super f i ci al r epai r as r emovi ng dent s I r on; car t r i dgecases and st r ai ght eni ng bor r xb f i ns, et c.
r .
Xl ai r i t xnance i s an ai i - i ncl usi ve- t er m i nvol vi ng s- econdi t i oni ngand r enavat i on as def i ned above. Mor e speci f i cal l y, mai nt enance i st he n%ai nt ai ni ng of st ocks of annnmi i t i on, ammuni t i on coi npot t ent s .Hnd expl osi ves i n ser vi ceabl e condi t i on f or i mmedi at e uae.
{ I . Sal vage i ncl udes opor at i ons necessar y t o di sassembl e or br eakcl own ammuni t i on and ammuni t i on component s i n or der l o r ecovart her ef r omal l mat er i al s and cor npcnment s whi ch ar e or may be ser vi ce-abl e or whi ch may have vf i l ue as scr ap.
208. DESTRUCTI ON OF UNFI T OR UNSALVAGE AMMUl t i i .TI C1N. Ar r l r al l ni t i on or i t s component s whi ch ar e unf i t f or sal vage orar e unsaf e t o handl e ar e di sposecl Of b5. such met hods of desr t r uct i onas det onzi t i on, bur ni ng. or dumpi ng at sea, as descr i bed i n chapt er 4.
2I Fd.
AUTI I { l l CI T1r - FOR HEVCI VATI I } N.a.
Ri novaf : on of ammuni t i on, ammuni t i on component s, end ex-pl osi ves wi l l be under t aken i n t he Zone of t he I nt er i or onl y uponr ecei pt of speci f i c aut hor i t y and i nst r uct i ons f r om t he Chi ef ofOr dnance.
h.
Tht . Chi ef of Ur duance i ssues or der s f or r enovat i on oper at i onsba" upon one of t l se f ol l owi ng :
1)
Sur vei l l ance r epor t s f r om An or dnance act i vi t y t o whi ch am.muni t i on i nspect or s Kr e assi gne( I , ei t her i n t he Uni t ed St at es or t heover seas depar t ment s.
( 2) Repor t s of f unct i oni ng or ot her t est s . ei t her sur vei l l ance,Accept ance, or speci al .
( 3)
Repor t s f r omt he Losi ng ser Ui ces us : eal l y or i gi nat i ng f r omor d-nance of f i cer s assi gned t o cl ass I , I t , or I I I i nst al l at i ons or wi t h com-mand or gani zat i ons .
( 4)
Repor t s of mal f unct i ons and acci dent s f r omt he usi ng ser v-i ces, submi t t ed i n aecor daI We wi t h AR 750- 14. whi ch may di scl ose adesi r si bl e engi neer i ng char ge,210.
SA1f 1; " f Y RE{ 1MREMEw' f I .a.
Renovat i on s1i mi l d be per f or med i n an i sol at ed ar ea or bui l d-i ng speci f i cal l y desi gnat ed f or t hat pur l ) use. The quant i t y of expl o-si ves pr esent shoul d be t he mi ni mum necessar y t o car r y out t heoper at i on,
These oper at i ons shoul d be car r i ed out i n conf ont t i t y wi t ht he quant i t y- di st ance r equi r ement s of chapt er 3, sect i oh I I , basedupon t he t ot al quant i t y at t he oper at i on . The number of per sons
241
Par %. 210- 111
TM 9- 190&Car e, Har dl f r 4, ar ed Pr awr vaf i on
per mi t t ed ot or near t he oper at i ons shoul d be i nept t o a mi ni mum.The ar ea or bui l di ngs shoul d be f r ee of l oose expl osi ves, wsst e paper ,and ot her combust i bl e mat er i al , Al l wor k wi l l be per f or med under t hedi r ect and compet ent super vi si on of exper i enced per sonnel .
1) .
Renovat i on oper at i ons ar e hazar dous and r equi r e a t hor oughknowl edge of t he act i vi t i es i nvol ved, t he hazar ds t o be guar dedagai nst , and t he pr ecaut i onar y met hods necessar y f or gr eat est pr ot ec-t i on t o per sonnel and pr oper t y . The equi pment used must be de-si gned wi t h t hi s i n mi nd and, i n many i nst ances, oper at i ons must beconduct ed i n wor kr ooms bar r i caded f or t he pr ot ect i on of per sonneland pr oper t y i n t he vi ci ni t y of t he hazar dous oper at i ons_
Bar r i cocl esmay be of t hr ee gener al t ypes ; r ei nf or ced concr et e, met al , or ear t h,or any accept abl e combi nat i on t her eof .
The hei ght and t hi ckness oft he bar r i cade ar e gover ned by t he r enovat i on r equi r ement s . Thedeci si on os t o t he number and t ype of oper at i ons t o be conduc' t er lbehi nd a bar r i cade shoul d be based on t he hazar ds. i nvol ved, and t hebar r i cade, equi pment , ; ant i t ool s t o be used shoul d be desi gnet 9 t omake t he best and most et l i ci ent use of t he pr ot ect i on af f or deX3 by t hei nst al l at i on .
21 l .
S. UETY REGLl 1 . ATI ONS FORMAI NTENANCE ANDSAL-VAGE OF E?LPLOSI Y' ES OR AMMUNI TI ON,
a.
Ammuni t i on or expl osi ves shal l not be r enovat ed or sal vagedwi t hi n a magazi ne wher e ot her ammuni t i on or expl osi ves ar e st or ed.These oper at i ons &hal l not be car r i ed on wi t hi n t he magazi ne ar eaunl ess t he si t e, empt y magazi ne, bui l di ngs . or car s i n whi ch t he wor ki s done ar e devot ed excl usi vel y t o such wor k, and ar e speci f i cal l yappr oved by t he Chi ef of Or dnance,
Such oper at i ons may be car r i edout i n an empt y magazi ne or i n t he open at i nt r apl ant quant i t y-di st ance r equi r ement s, but i n no case at l ess t han 100 f eet f r om t henear est l ocat i on of cxpl osi vee,
h.
The quant i t y of expl osi ves or ammuni t i on i nvol ved or pr esenti n any oper at i on at une t i me i n one l ocat i on shal l be l i mi t ed t o t hemi ni mun) quant i t y necessar y t o car r y out t he oper at i on, t hus ,
( 1)
Bl ack powder , 100 pounds,Separ ot e` l oadi ng pr opel l i ng char ges- 1 open cont ai ner , and
f our cl osed cont ai ner s.( 3) Hi gh expl osi ves ar e l i mi t ed t o one open cont ai ner of 100
pounds and f our cl osed cont ai ner s.( 4) Smokel ess powder l i mi t s shah be one open cont ai ner and
ni ne cl osed cont ai ner s.r .
Mwear dous oper at i on, such as t hose i nvol vi ng t he r emoval ofboost er s f r omshel l s, end t he di sassembl y of f uzes and gr enades . shal lbe bar r i caded t o r educe oper at i ng hazar ds .
Di sassembl y of amt nvni -1292
TM 9- 1900
Par s, 21 T- 212Car e, Har Tdl i ng, and Pr eaer vat i on
t i on and bur nbs and ot her si mi l ar di sasser nbI y oper at i ons shal l 1) , eper f or med behi nd an adequst x? bar r i cakl l e . Exampl es ar e ;
( 1)
Di sass&. i nbl y of l oaded boost er s, bur st er s . l oaded f uzes, l oadedpr i mer s, and bl ank ammuni t i on,
( 2)
Removal of buogt er y end f uze seat l i ner s f r oml oaded bombs,base pl ugs f r om l oaded pr oj ect i l es, and l oaded boost er s f r om l oadedshel l &
d-
Thf i f ol l owi ng and ver y si mi l ar di sassembl i ng oper at i ons maybe per f or med wi t hout a bar r i cade pr ovi ded t he aswmbl y has beenusual and t ho or di nar y cqui l ) r r l er l t , t ool q, and met hods used i n t hea: $ser nbl y ar e suf f i ci ent t o accompl i sh t he di sassembl y wi t hout t heappl i cat i on of undue f or ce.
Car e must be t aken t o ascer t ; An t hat t hesur f aces t o he separ at ed ar e not cor r ncl ca, cont ai n no h&r dened gl ueor ot her bi ndi ng aget i t s r and ct r e not seal ed wi t h met al l i c cal ki ng.
I fwi due f or ce i s necessar y, t hese oper at i ons must be accompl i shed be-hi nd a bar r i cade,
( 1) Removal of l oaded f uzes and f ar e wel l cups and i gni t i oncar t r i dges f r om l oaded shel l s, 60- i nnand 81- non pr i mer s . and di s-a+smbl y of pr oj ect i l es and car t r i dge cased i n f i xed ammuni t i on, andt he r emoval of set scr ews f r om l oaded pr oj ect i l es,
( 2) When st ake punch mar ks musk l ; e r emoved wi t h dr i l l i ngequi pment , t he equi pment must be pr ovi ded wi t h a posi t i ve sl op t opj vvent t he cont act of t he ( f r i l l wi t h t he f u2e or boost er par t s, or wi t ht he expl osi ves i n t he shel l or i t s conl ent s.
( 3) The r emoval of hand gr enade f uzes f r om l oaded gr enadesnYust be per f or at ed i mmedi at el y i n f r ont of a sui t abl e pr ot ect i ve t ankequi pped wi t h ar i ef f ect i ve baf f l e, i nt o whi ch t he gr enade can bedeposi t ed shoul d a pr emat ur e i gni t i on of t he t i r i ng medi umoccur ,
e,
When sol der i ng oper at i ons ar e per f or med upon met al cont ai n-er s, pr ecaut i ons shal l he t aken t o i nsur e t hat t hey cont ai n no l oosegr ai ns of powder or expl osi ves ( l ust ,
f .
Al l sal vage component s must he kept separ at e unt i l di sposedof hi accor dance wi t h Ar my Regul at i ons or di r ect i ons of t he Chi ef ofOr dnance.
212, 1Cl Xl l 1PhTh; V' I ' FOI t RARKI i : AI WS.u, Nor mal l y t he equi pment r equi r ed f or bar r i caded oper at i ons
consi st s of a sui t abl e bar r i cade, hol di ng devi ces, oper at i ng devi ce,means of f ol l owi ng t he oper At i on, and met hod of saf el y t r ansmi t t i ngpower r equi r ed f or t he oper at i on,
( 1 )
A sui t abl e bar r i cade i s one t hat wi l l af f or d t he necessar ypr ot ect i on t o per sonnel and pr oper t y_
The l ocat i on of t he bar r i cadeshoul d be such t hat i t wi l l equal or exceed t he mi ni mumsaf et y di s-
Par s. 212- 214
Car e, Handl i ng, at ul Fr emr vef i on
214.
PLANNI NGOPFRATI ONS.
294
7M 9- 1900
t ances r equi r ed by t he cl ass and quant i t y of expl osi ve i nvol ved, asshown i n par agr aph 172.
( 2) A sui t abl e hol di ng devi ce, l ocat ed t o t he r ear of t he bar r i -cade, may consi st of some f or m of a vi se or j i g on ei t her a f i xed oral l adj ust abl e base, pl aced i n such a manner as t o hol d t he i t em i na cent er ed posi t i on so as t o per mi t t he pr oper appl i cat i on of t he oper -at i ng devi ce.
( 3) A sui t abl e oper at i ng devi ce may be a wr ench or ot her t ooldesi gned t o f i t t he i t em f or t he wor k t o be per f or med.
( 4) A sui t abl e meann f or obser vat i on may be f ur ni shed by vmi r r or or ser i es of mi r r or s l ocat ed so as t o keep t he per sonnel at asaf e di st ance f r omt he oper at i on .
( 5) A sui t abl e met hod of t r ansmi t t i ng power t o t he oper at i ngdevi ce nor mal l y consi st n of a shaf t ext endi ng t hr ough t he bar r i cadeand shoul d have a posi t i ve st op on t he oper at i ng si de t o pr event i t sbei ng bl own f or war d t hr ough t he wal l . i n event of an expl osi on . Per -sonnel shoul d not be exposed i n a di r ect l i ne wi t h a shop whi chext ends t hr ough a bar r i cade.
213. T( 1<I LS AND WPPLI ES. Tool s and suppl i es f or ammuni .t i on r enovat i on ar e l i st ed i n ORD 10 SI NN- 500- CA and descr i bedi n TM9=1905, Ot her t ool s ki nd equi pment t hat have t o be desi gnedshoul d meet st r engt h r equi r ement s and guar d agai nst t he i nt r oduct i onof chemi cal , mechani cal , or el ect r i c hazar ds over and above t he nor -mal hazar d of t he ammuni t i on and expl osi ves i nvol ved. When ex .pogeci expl osi ves ar e i nvol ved, t he use of saf et y t ool s end equi pment ,whi ch enay be made of nonsper ki ng met al s, wood. or f i ber , i s r equi r ed.The use of cer t ai n t ypes of nonspar ki ng t ook must be j udi ci ous, how-ever , because cer t ai n t ypes of nonspar ki ng met al s may f or msensi t i vesal t compounds wi t h cer t ai n t ypes of expl osi ves; f or exampl e, t he useof any copper - begAng met al wi t h expl osi ves cont ai ni ng ni t r at es,
, y, I n pl anni ng nor mal oper at i ons, t he sequence of oper at i onsshoul d be consi der ed i n f oul separ at e phases ( not consi der i ng move-ment t o and f r omst or age) !
( 1)
Di sAssEmnLy GROUP.
Removi ng packi ng mat er i al s, and di s-assembl i ng ammuni t i on pr epar at or y t o r enovat i on,
( 2) REASSEMBLY GROUP. Al l pr epar at i on f ar and pr oper r eas-ser r r bl y of t he i t em.
( 3) FI NI SH GROup. Al l necessar y r econdi t i oni ng and r et ur ni ngof t he i t ems t o t hei r packages, wi t h necessar y package mar ki ng andr epai r .
( 4)
Dt spnsAL Gaovr =. Di sposi ng of al l unser vi ceabl e or unusabl ecomponent par t s, wast e expl osi ves, et c, t hat may accumul at e dur i ngr enovat i on oper at i ons.
TM 9- 1900
Par s . 215- 216
Car e, Har i df i r ng, ar t d Pr eser vaf i or :
Sect i on Vi l l
PRECAUTI ONS FOR PRACTI CE FI RI NG
215,
CFf 1Fl l AL.
Speci f i cat i ons, st andar ds, and l i mi t s of pr eci si onar e pr escr i bQd f or t he i nanuf ect ur e sr t i d pr epar at i on of ammuni t i on_I n spi t e of t hi s, i nher ent l i mi t at i ons exi st and mal f ui nct i ons of ammu-ni t i on may occur , The i mmedi at e pr obl em i s t o pr event t he occur -r ence of mal f unct i ons wher ever possi bl e, t o mi ni mi ze t he ef f ect whent hoy do occur , and t o aver t , t hr ough exper i ence, si mi l ar mal f unct i onsi n t he f ut ur e, The gener al saf et y pr ecaut i o" s r chapt er 3, sect i on 1,shoul d be obser ved wher ever appl i cabl e. The speci f i c r egul at i onsand pr ecaut i ons f or I l l e use of each t ype of ammuni t i on gi ven i nt hi s sect i on and i n chapt er 2 wi l l be obser ved.
". x. 16. GENERAL PRECAUTI ONS HEF01R1: F1RI NC.a. St at us of ammuni t i on l ut s. A check shoul d be made t o
det er mi ne t he st at us of t he l ot of ammuni t i on i nt ended f or i ssue,Ammuni t i on shoul d not be f i r ed i f t he l ot number i s not posi t i vel yknown. I f def ect s whi ch may af f eci t he saf et y and f unct i oni ng oft he ammuni t i on ar e f ound i n a l ot gr aded as svi t abl e f or f i r i ng, api ' CTnpt r epor t of t he cozt i dki ox, wi l l he submi t t ed t o t he ser vi cecommand or depar t ment or dnance of f i cer . Fi r i ng of t hat l ot ofammuni t i on wi l l be suspended pendi ng i nst r uct i ons f r om t he pr operor dnance of f i cer . I f mal f unct i oni ng occur s dur i ng f i r i ng, a pr omptr epor t on t he ammuni t i on l ot wi l l hemadeas pr escr i bed i n AR751} - 10.
1) ,
Al l er buns anal ARl l mt i i ut i ur nm.
Any al t er at i on of l oaded am-muni t i on except i n accor dance wi t h speci f i c i nst r uct i ons f r om t heChi ef of Or dnance i s hazar dous and t her ef or e pr ohi bi t t ! d, ser i ousand f at al acci dent s have r esul t ed f r cr n subst i t ut i on of pr opel l i ngchar ges, f uzes, pr i mer s, and pr oj ect i l es, aTl ( l f r cr n t he l ocal pr epar a.t i on and l oadi ng of PJACt i CE a1nmuni t i ot 3, i ncl udi ng gr enades, pyr o-t echI Yi cs, et c .
c .
Pl aci ng ammuni t i on.
ALL ammuni t i on at t he f i r i ng poi nt wi l lbe so pl aced as t o nt i i ni mi ze I N: possi bi l i t y of i gni t i on . expl osi on, ordet onat i on i n case of z4cci der i t at t he gun posi t i on. I t shoul d bei n a dr y pl ace xr 3f. I pr ot ect ed f r om t he di r ect r ays of t he sun byt ar paul i n or ot her cover i ng. Ther e shoul d be ampl e ci r cul at i on ofai r t hr ough and on al l si des of t he st ack Er r at i c r anges and dan-ger ousl y hi gh pr essur es may r esul t f r om over het at ed ammuni t i on.Whi t e- phosphor us shel l wi l l bu gt acked ( pr ef er abl y wi t h t he baseof t he pr oj ect i l e down, al t hough i f t he t emper at ur e i s not expect edt o exceed 105° F, t hi e pr ecaut i on i s not necessar y) i n a space cl ear edof al l combust i bl e mat er i al , away f r omper sonnel and ot her ar nmuni -hon . Al l component s i n t he f i el d shoul d he st or ed separ at el y andi n smal l amount s t o mi ni mi ze danger f r om acci dent al bur ni ng of
295
Par s . 21 6- 217
Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vaf i anTM 9- 11900
powder or det onat i on of pt ' oj ect i l es . l ur es, And pr i mer s. Chemi calammuni t i on i s st os- ed away f r om ot her t ypes of ammuni t i on
, I ,
Saf et y zui ws . Dat a f or del i mi t i ng saf et y 2nnes f or r Angt . s i nt i r i ng smal l ar ms, ar t i l l er y weapons, wnd chemi cal - war t ar e weaponswi l l be f ound i n AR 750- 10-
e,
Smoki ng.
Smoki ng by anyone ] ] ai ( ( ( l i ng, or i n t he vi ci ni t y of ,expl osi ves or ammuni t i on i s pr ohi bi t ed.
f ,
Li ghl w. Use of any l i ght & ot her t han appr oved l ant er ns orf l ashl i ght s i n t he vi ci ni t y of expt wi i ves or ammuni t i on i s pr ohi bi t ed,
r .
l l and i nr ,
Car e shoul d he t aken not t o r l mp pr oj ect i l es,powder cont ai ner s, or f uze or pr i mer cont ai ner s. Pr aJecf i l ey shoul dpot he al l owed t o st r i ke f nget her . Al l saf et y pr ecaut i ons f or har t dl i ndammuni t i on gi ver ] i n Techni cal Manual s gr i d i r ) t hi s manual t i vi l l
be r i gi dl y obser ved_h . Mar ki ngs . Moi st ur e- r esi st ant seal s of packed ammuni t i on
shoul d not be br oken unt i l t he ammuni t i on i s r eady t o be used .Rounds shoul d not be wi t hdr awn f r om cont ai ner s unt i l t hey ar er eady t o be 6r ed unl ess t he ammuni t i on i s t o be 1ol l ( l el l di r ect l yi T31u t he cai sson_ Saf et y devi ces on f uzes wi l l be r emoved j ustWor e f i r i ng and at T1o Ot her t i me . Car nI ) Oncr nt s of r ounds pr epa, ' r; i lf or f i r i ng but not f i r ed wi l l he r et ur ned t o ( hei r or i gi nal condi t i onand packi ng& and appr opr i at el y mor l wd and r eseal er j , Such cam.por t ent s wi l l be used f i r st i n subsequent f i r i ngs i n or der t hat st ocksof opened packi ng may be kept at a mi ni mum,
i .
Ci vanl i m- i Rs .
The compl et e r ound or each component Shoul dhe i nspect ed by a member of t he gun cr aw f or bur s, dent s, gr avel ,di r t , gr ease. and ol der mat er i al s bef or e i oadi ng i nt o t he gun. A cl ot hshoul d be kept near by i nn «>i pi ng of f gr ease, di r t . ar i d f or i i gn 1nat t er .Ar l l Muni t i on must be cl ean And t r ee f r om dent s . whi ch wi l l i nt i : r f er owi t h gr ope<r seat i ng of t he r ound, l x" f r j r c! i t i s pl aced i n t he weapon,
317_
GENBRAI . 111cl ' , CAl " r l ON DURI NGANDAF°FEl t HI UNG.a.
1) cCr c ( X st ud 111al f l l nl ' t 1Ur 1i n. s .
AR 750- 10 pr ovi des t hat al lof f i cer s havi ng char ge of f i r i ng must make a r epor t t o t he l ocalor dnance of f i cer of aT3y or dnance mat er i el i ssued t o t } 1e t r oops wbi cbmal f unct i ons i n f i r i ng Or r ci veal s def oct s ei t her i n f i r i ng or i n st or age,i ncl udi ng such mal f unct i ons and dof ect y as r ar e not ed i n t ar get - pr act i cer epor t s. I t i s t he dut y of t he l ocal or dnance of f i cer t o i nvemi gat c.al I cases of MH11UTi ut i nni ng and def ect s obser ved by hi m or r epor t edt o hi ni , and t o r epor t ser i nus cases t c t he Chi ef of Or dnance t hr ought he ser vi ce command or dnar LC1' of f i cer , Whr never an acci dent occur swhi ch r esul t s i n i nj ur y t o per sonnel or dar mi ge t o mat er i el , t i l e l otof ar nr r l l l ni t i un wi l l be suspended Fr omuse and an i mmedi at e r epor twi l l be made di r ect l y t o t he Chi ef of Or dnance by t he or dnance
296
TM 9- 1900Car e, Hst Ol i ng, and ?' r eser vat i on
Par t . 117- 210
f ) f l i cer under whose super vi si on t he mat er i el i s mai nt ai ned or i ssued.One copy of t hi s r epor t wi l l be sent t o t he ser vi ce command Dr dnancaof f i cer _ Acci dent s of a ser i ous or pot ent i al l y ser i ous nat ur e r equi r e ar epor t by t he qui ckest means of communi cat i on avai l abl e . I nsof ares pr act i cabl e al l evi dence wi l l be pr eser ved and not be di st ur bedunt i l t he Ar r i val of an i nvest i gat i ng of f i cer .
b.
Pr t ) t ect i on of per sant i el . AR 750- 117 gi ves t he r egul at i onsand det ai l s f or pr ot ect i on of per sons i n t he vi ci ni t y of t he f i r i ng poi nt .Any i ndi vi duAl i n t he mi l i t ar y Qer vi ce who obser ves a condi t i onwhi ch makes f i r i ng obvi ousl y unsaf e wi l l i mmedi at el y command" CEASE FI RI NG- " 11 at a di st ance f r om t he uni t f i r i ng, he wi l lmake t he pr escr i bed si gnal t o hal t f i r i ng, When chemi cal ammuni .l i on ot her t han smoke i s f i r ed, al l per sons Wi l l be pr ovi ded wi t hgay masks_ Consul t AR 730- 10 f or r egul at i ons gover ni ng t he useof ser vi ce ammuni t i on f or t r ai ni ng pur poses,
c,
1' ' i r i Ti g t hr ough t r ees . When f i r i ng ammuni t i on f r oma maskof t r ees, a pr emat ur e bui vt may r esul t i f a f i r ed shel l or shr apnelst r i kes t he br anch of a t i ve. The st r i ki ng of even a t wi g by a shel lf i t t ed wi t h a t i me f use may der ange t he set t i ng or def or m t he t i mer i ng and cause a pr emat ur e bur st .
d.
DRdpi ,
Adud i s d di schar ged but unexpl oded bomb, pr oj ect i l e,car gr enade_,
I t may r esul t f r omdef ect s i n t he f uze, boost er . or char ge :f r om t he unscr ewi ng of f uzes i n f l i ght ; or f r om t he char act er of t hegr ound at t he poi nt of i mpact . Whenever a dud can be r eadi l yl ocat ed and exami ned wi t hout movi ng i t , an ef f or t shoul d be madet o det er mi ne t he cauf i e of t he f ai l ur e.
A dud i s a sour ce of dangermi d i f i mpr oper l y handl ed mAy expl ode and i nj ur e per sonnel . A com-par at i vel y sl i ght bl owor di st ur bance may cause i t t o expl ode.
Dudsshoul d he dest r oyed i n pl ace ( f or met hods of dest r oyi ng we chap-t er 4) .
'. ' 18. SAI ALL- ARAI S A3i h1umr r I ON.a.
I nspect i on.
Smal l - ar i zi s ammuni t i on wi l l be exami ned bef or ei ssue. The pr ocedur e f or exami nat i on and t he def ect s t o l ook f orar e descr i bed i n TM9- 1990. WDS13 9- AMM4 cont ai ns essent i ali nf oTmat l on coTwer ni ng t he gr adi ng of smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on andt he di spcAi t i on of f i r ed component s and unser vi ceabl e r ounds i naccor dance wi t h AR 775- 111, Lot s havi ng mor e t han 5 per cent ofdef ect i ve car t r i dges wi l l be subj ect ed t o 100- per cent ; i nspect i on, def ec-t i ve r ounds cul l ed out , t he ser vi ceabl e car t r i dges r epacked pr i or t oi ssue, and r epor t made t o t he Chi ef of Or dnance. Nor mal l y, smal l -ar ms ammuni t i on wi l l have no vi sual def ect s unl ess i t has been st or edf ai r a consi der abl e per i od ; ammuni t i on wi t h l ess t han 5 per centvi si bl y def ect i ve r oundss may be i ssued wi t hout 100- per cent i nspect i on.
I f 20 per cent or mor e ar e def ect i ve, t he l ot i s wi t hdr awn f r om- 78 1 27 0
0. 1s
297
Par . 219Car e, I f andl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
TM9- 1900
ser vi ce and hel d f or di sposi t i on . The post or dnance of f i cer shoul dnee t hat t he t r oops ar e i nst r uct ed as t o t he ki nds of vi si bl e def ect swhi ch can be r eadi l y det ect ed and t he cor r ect manner i n whi ch t ocul l ammuni t i on. Par t i cul ar at t ent i on shoul d be pai d t o i nci pi entcr acks whi ch ar e not easi l y det ect ed unl ess t he t humb i s pr essedagai nst t he bul l et , t hus exposi ng t he cr ack i n t he car t r i dge case.Def ect i ve car t r i dges wi l l be consi der ed as gr ade 3 ammuni t i on,
l j ,
I dent i f i r at i on .
Si nce di f f er ent t ypes of smal l - ar ms ammuni -t i on ar e of si mi l ar appear ance, t he ki nd of ammuni t i on bei ng i ssuedwi l l be st r i ct l y checked f r om t he mar ki ngs on t he packi ng,
e .
Fi r i ng bi at t k ear t r ' i dpes-
St ank car t r i dges shoul d not be f i r edat a r epr esent at i ve enemy at di st ances t ens+ t han 20 yar ds ; as t hewad or paper cup may f ai l t o br eak up.
51 .
Mi sf i r es and l i angf i r e@,( 1)
For pr ocedur e i n t he event of an appar eot t ni sf i r e, see chap-t er 2, sect i on 1,
( 1! ) When a haogf i r e occur s, i n any l ot , i t s use shoul d be sus-pended and a r epor t wi l l be made as pr escr i bed i n AR 750- 1t 1 t ot he post or dnance of f i cer , gi vi ng t he number of t he l ot i nvol ved.The ammuni t i on l ot t hus af f ect ed wi l l be wi t hdr awn and r epl acedby ser vi ceabl e ammuni t i on.
c .
Ludgl - d bul l ew.
When a bul l et l odges i n t he bor e of a r i f l e,pi st ol , or machi ne gun, i t shoul d be r emoved by t he appl i cat i on ofpr essur e f r om t he muzzl e end of t he weapon,
To at t empt t o shoott he bul l et out wi t h anot her car t r i dge i s ext r emel y danger ous andt her ef or e pr ohi bi t ed.
f , Def ect i ve eouncl s. Dent ed car t r i dges, car t r i dges wi t h l oosebuhot s- or ot her wi se def ect i ve r ounds shoul d not be f i r ed.
g. Ni f i r ess i n bl ank Fi r i ng. Mi sf i r es i n whi ch t he pr i mer ex-pl odes but f ai l s t o i gni t e t he powder char ge have pr oved danger ousi n f i r i ng aut omat i c ar ms wi t h bl ank- f i r i ng at t achment s. Some of t hepowder i s bl own i nt o t he bor e and becomes l odged i n t he bl ank-f i r i ng at t achment s. A ser i es of such r ounds wi l l cause an accumul a-t i on of powder suf f i ci ent t o r esul t i n ser i ous damage when i gni t edby a nor mal car t r i dge. When mi sf i r es i n excess of 5 per cent occuri n f i r i ng bl ank car t r i dgee, t he f i r i ng of t hat l ot of ammuni t i ons wi l lbe suspended and r epor t ed t o t he Chi ef of Or dnance,
h, Ar mor - pi er ci ng ammuni t i on. The use of ar mor - pi er ci ngcar t r i dges i s pr ohi bi t ed i n demonst r at i ons i n whi ch t anks t ake par t ,When usi ng ar mor - pi er ci ng ammuni t i on, t he cor es of bul l et s whi chf ai l t o penet r at e wi l l r ebound. The r adi us of r ebound depends onsever al f act or s but may be est i mat ed as a maxi mum of 100 yar dsf or cal i ber . 30 and 200 yar ds f or cal i ber , 50 ar mor - pi er ci ngammuni t i on,
291
Car es, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i ur i
i .
Pr ot ect i on of ammuni t i on.
Af t er a cont ai ner of ar r nmuni t i oni s opened and car t r i dges i ssued, each man shoul d t ake car e of hi sown ammuni t i on. The pr i mer shoul d be pr ot ect ed f r om bl ows byshar p i nst r ument s, as such a bl ow mi ght expl ode t he car t r i dge.
j .
Use of ni l or gr eaNe.
The use of oi l or gr ease on car t r i dges i spr ohi bi t ed, These agent s cause i nj ur i ous abr asi ves t o col l ect i naut omat i c weapons and pr oduce excessi ve and hazar dous pr essur eson t he r i f l e bol t s when nonaut omat i c r i f l es ar e f i r ed. NOTE: Thi sr est r i ct i on i s »ot appl i cabl e t o 20- mr r r . ammuni t i on.
219. A11T1I I ERY AMMUNI TI ON.a.
Exami nat i on .
Bef or e f i r i ng, r epr eaent at i ve sampl es f r omeachl ot of ammuni t i on shoul d be exami ned f or vi si bl e def ect s such asexudat i on, cor r oded f uzes, l ooseness of pr oj ect i l es i n car t r i dge cases,damaged r ot at i ng bands, and excessi ve moi st ur e and dampness, et c.I f t hese def ect s ar e l i kel y t o cause di f f i cul t y when t he f uze i s setor t he r ound i y l oaded i nt o t he gun, or quest i on exi st s as t o t hesaf et y and f unct i oni ng of t he ammuni t i on, i t shoul d not be usedunt i l i t has been exami ned by t he ser vi ce command or dnance of f i ceror hi s assi st ant s . Car e shoul d be user ) i n condemni ng ammuni t i onf r om use, as shel l whi ch ar e exudi ng sl i ght l y can be made ser vi ce-abl e as pr escr i bed i n War Depar t ment Suppl y Bul l et i ns. Of t en,f uzes whi ch ar e onl y sl i ght l y cor r oded or di scol or ed ar e ser vi ceabl eand can be used,
b.
Facki ngs . I f t he ammuni t i on i s packed i n i ndi vi dual t i n orf i ber cont ai ner s, t he cont ai ner s shoul d be opened by means of t het ear st r i p pr ovi ded; t he r ound Rhoul d not be wi t hdr awn f r om t hecont ai ner unt i l i t i s t o be f i r ed unl ess t he ammuni t i on i s l oadeddi r ect l y i nt o t he cai sson .
Al l powder char ges except t he char ge t obe ser ved t o t he pi ece f or t he next succeedi ng r ound wi l l be keptl et t hei r cont ai ner s.
C, PI Rci ng of ammuni t i on. At t he f i r i ng, poi nt , ant muni t i oI iwhi ch i s not car r i ed i n cai ssons shoul d be l ocat ed t o t he l ef t of t hecai sson, and not di r ect l y t o t he r ear of t he gun. I t shoul d bepr ot ect ed f r om moi st ur e, dampness, and t he di r ect r ays of t he sunby a t ar paul i n so pl aced t hat ai r can ci r cul at e t hr ough t he pi l e .
d .
Pr opel l i ng char geo.( 1)
PREMATvi mmmTi oN. The powder char ge f or a r ound wi l lnot be br ought near t he br eech of t he gun unt i l t he pr ecedi ng r oundhas been f i l ed, t he powder chamber car ef ul l y sponged wi t h a wetsponge or cl ear ed of any passi bl e smol der i ng r emai ns by use of t hegas ej ect or s, and t he f ace of t he mushr oom head has been wi ped.
( 2)
FLAREBACK3. When t he br eechbl ock i s wi t hdr awn, t he gasesr emai ni ng i n t he bor e somet i mes pass t o t he r ear and i gni t e uponst r i ki ng t he ai r , r egar dl ess of t he di r ect i on of t he wi nd. Fl ames of
Poor . 218
Por . 219Car e, Hundl i ng: and Pr eser vat i on
TM 4- 1900
var yi ng l engt h and i nt ensi t y r esul t . Pr ecaut i ons must be t aken t opr event t he f l ame f r om r eachi ng a new pr opel l i ng char ge, as wel l ast o pr event ser i ous hur ns t o t he br eech det ai l .
( 3) i f 3LENDl NG. Pr opel l i ng char ges wi l l be f i r ed as r ecei vedBl endi ng wi l l not be r et or t ed t o except i n speci al cases wher e t henecessi t y t her ef or has been appr oved by t he Chi ef of Or dnance,who wi l l f ur ni sh t he necessar y i nSt r uct i ons .
( 4) ERRATI C AND EXCESSI VE PRESSURES. Er r at i c pr essur es orr anges may be due t o det er i or at i ng pr opel l i ng char ges, i mpr op- eri gni t i on of t he pr opel l i ng char ges, def ect i ve or l oose r ot at i ng bands,and, i n t he, case 4f separ at e- l oadi ng ammuni t i on, i mpr oper wr appi ngor l aci ng of t he char ge. Excessi ve pr essur es ar e l i kel y t o devel opi f t he di ami t t er of t he pr opel l i ng char ge i s al t er ed so as t o pr eventt he pr oj ect i on of t he Fl ame f r om t he i gi l i t er t o t he f r ont of t hel xow&r char ge. For f ur t her i nf or mat i on, see AR7SQ- 10, Al l powderl ot s gi vi ng exci as pr essur es shoul d be i mmedi at el y suspended f r omuse, pendi ng i nst r uct i on; f r omt he Chi ef of Or dnance.
( 5) MAXI MUM RANGES. The t er m " super char ge" i s pur posel yused i n r ef er r i ng t o t he pr opel l i ng char ge r equi r ed t o gi ve maxi mumr ange. I t cam%ot be t oo st r ongl y emphasi zed t hat t he ' nor mal char ge"shoul d be used al ways wi t hi n t he r anges obt ai nabl e, and t hat t heuse of super char ges must be avoi ded except wher e maxi mumr angesar e necessar y. J: f t hi s i s not compl i ed wi t h, excessi ve wear of t heguns wi l l r esul t .
Wi t h mul t i sect i vn pr opel l i ng char ges, t he compl et echar ge i s used when super char ge i s desi r ed; onl y t he base sect i onand such l ower zone 4scr emezl t s as may be r equi r ed ar e used i n t hel ower an( ) i nt er medi at e r anges . Wher e t he char ge i s of base andi noement t ype, onl y t he base char ge i s used when t he nor mal char gei s desi r ed,
( 6) I GNi TExS,
( a) When l oadi ng t he separ at e- l oadi ng pr opel l i ng char ge i nt ot he guh, be sur e t hat ar e i gni t er i s al ways on t he end of t he char get owar d t he br eech. The cl ot h used f or asnembl i ng i gni t er s i s d5nedr ed and i ndi cat es cl ear l y t he end whi ch shoul d be at t he r ear oft he chamber . The r ed dye al so i ndi cat es t hat t he i gni t er cont ai nsbl ack powder . Undyed i gni t er cl ot h has been used, however , f orsome pr opel l i ng char ges now i n t he ser vi ce, I n t hi s case t he i gni t erend can be i dent i f i ed by t he qui l t i ng used t o hol d t he bl ack powderi n posi t i on and by t he wor ds " I GNI TI NG POWDER" st enci l ed ont he i gni t er .
f i b)
Pr opel l i ng char ges shoul d met be pl aced i n t he gun wi t h t hei gni t er f ast ened t o t hem by saf et y Di ns . Bef or e f i r i ng, t he saf et ypi ns shoul d be r emoved and t he i gni t er } l ad at t ached t o t he char geby sewi ng" t he st i t chi ng bei ng caught i n ot l east t hr ee pl aces, 120degr ees apar t .
aoa
TM 9- 1900
Par . 219Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on
( c)
I t i s t he pr act i ce t o pack one i gni t er i n each car t r i dge- st or agecase. Sur pl us i gni t er s r emai ni ng af t er f i r i ng shoul d be dest r oyedi n accor dance wi t h chapt er 4.
( 7) TAGS AND PROTECTOR CAPS. I gni t er - pr ot ect or caps anddat a t ags wi l l be r emoved f r om pr opel l i ng char ges bef or e l oadi ngi nt o t he gun.
e.
Di f f i cul t i es i n l oadi ng or ext r act i ng ammuni t i on.( 1)
Di f f i cul t i es i n l oadi ng or ext r act i ng ammuni t i on may be duet o dent ed or bul ged car t r i dge cases, or t o f or ei gn mat er i al i n t hechamber or bor e of t he gun. When t he car t r i dge case i s har d t oext r act , an i nspect i on of t he chamber shoul d be made t o det er mi newhet her t he chamber i s f oul ed, scor ed, or pi t t ed. I f i t i s f oul ed, i tcan be r eadi l y cl eaned; but i f i t i s pi t t ed or scor ed, a r epor t shoul dbe made t o ' t he post or dnance of f i cer .
The use of a t ool t o st r i ket he base of a car t r i dge case t o chamber r ounds i s pr ohi bi t ed. Per -sonnel shoul d be pr ot ect ed i n case a r ound i s par t i al l y chamber edand t he br eechbl ock i s compl et el y cl osed. I n a heat er chamber ,i gni t i on of t he pr opel l ent powder may occur .
( 2)
I f a pr oj ect i l e cannot be r eadi l y ext r act ed f r omt he gun or i fa pr oj ect i l e becomes separ at ed f r om t he car t r i dge case when t hebr eech i s opened, i t shoul d be f i r ed out , i f possi bl e, par t i cul ar l y i ft he car t r i dge case wi l l sl i p over t he base of t he pr oj ect i l e and wi l lchamber i n t he nor mal posi t i on . I £ t he car t r i dge case wi l l not sl i pover t he base of t he pr oj ect i l e, t he car t r i dge case shoul d be shor t enedt he necessar y mi ni mumamount , when t hi s i s done, a r educed char geshoul d be used ( appr oxi mat el y hal f of a nor mal char ge) because oft he r educed obt ur at i on, par t i cul ar car e bei ng t aken t hat t he poi ntof i mpact of t he pr oj ect i l e i s such as not t o endanger per sonnel orpr oper t y. I f t hi s i s not possi bl e, t he pr oj ect i l e shoul d be r emovedunder t he di r ect super vi si on of an of f i cer , usi ng a r ammer whi chbear s onl y on t he pr oj ect i l e and pr ovi des f or cl ear ance ar ound t hef uze.
( 3) I f a r ammer i s used, ext r eme car e shoul d be exer ci sed t opr event any f or ce f r ombei ng appl i ed agai nst t he f uze. The Edwar dsr ammer , desi gnat ed as RAMMER, unl oadi ng, M1, i s pr ovi ded f ort hi s pur pose f or use wi t h 75- mmpoi nt - f uzed pr oj ect i l es ( f i g . 163) .
( 4)
The r emoval of t he pr oj ect i l e, whet her by f i r i ng out or byr ammi ng, shoul d be done under t he di r ect super vi si on of an of f i cer .
f . Mi sf i r es. When a mi sf i r e occur s, t he f ol l owi ng pr ecaut i onswi l l be obser ved:
( 1)
FI XED OR SEMI FI XED AMMUNI TI ON. Two at t empt s wi l l bemade t o f i r e, except i n t he case of guns whi ch cannot be r ecockedwi t hout openi ng t he br eech. Upon f ai l ur e t o f i r e f or 30 seconds,t he mi sf i r ed r ound wi l l be r emoved. I f i t i s not possi bl e t o r emove
301
Far . 219
f
FN
Car e, Handl i ng, ar i d Pr e&er vAHon
302
,Fm9- 1904
4oe
C5
O
t
EE
av.
TM 9- 1900
Par . 219Car e, Handl i ng, and Fr e$er vat i on
t he r ound f r om a hot t uhe wi t hi n 45 seconds af t er t he or i gi nalmi sf i r e, wat er shoul d be pl ayed on t he bar r el unt i l i t i s cool , Thesaf est t i me t o r emove a mi sf i r ed r ound of f i xed ammuni t i on i sbet ween 30 and 45 seconds af t er i t s occur r ence,
( ' 2)
SEPARATE- LDAPI NG AMMUNI TI ON.
( d)
Two at t empt s wi l l be made t o f i r e t he pr i mer bef or e i t maybe r emoved.
I f t he pr i mer i s hear d t o f i r e, a mi ni mum of 60 secondswi l l be al l owed bef or e t he br eech may be opened a7nd t he f aul t ychar ge r emoved.
The f aul t y char ge must be st or ed separ at el y f r omot beT char ges.
( b) , 1f t he pr i mer i s not hear d t o f i r e, t wo mor e at t empt s t of i r e wi l l be made. Then pr oceed as f ol l ows :
1 .
I f t he pr i mer can be r emoved by a per son st andi ng cl ear oft he pat h of r ecoi l , af t er 2 mi nut es have el apsed, t he pr i mer maybe r emoved and a new one i nser t ed, I f t he second pr i mer f ai l s, 14mi nut es shoul d be al l owed t o pass and t hen t he br eech may beupi ned.
y1 .
I f t he pr i mer cannot be r emoved saf el y as descr i bed above, noht t empt wi l l be made t o open t he br eech or r epl ace t he pr i mer f or 10mi nut es.
( c) Mi sf i r e pr i mer s shoul d be handl ed car ef ul l y and di Rposedof qui ckl y, owi ng t o t he chance o£ a pr i mer hangf i r e. Fur t her i nf or -mat i on wi l l he f ound i n AR750- 10 and t he Techni cal Manual s andFi el d Manual s per t ai ni ng t o t he pi ece.
FU7. UPX.
( 1) Ext r eme car e must ba t aken i n handl i ng and assembl i ngf uzes t o $hel l or bombs. Al l l azes must be t r eat ed as del i cat e mecha-r d3r r w, _The f or ces whi ch ar m a f uze on f i r i ng a w" pon can be si mu-l at ed r by r ol l i ng or dr oppi ng, and a f uze so ar med may be f unct i onedby t he i mpact of a bl ow or by dr oppi ng.
( 2) I n t he assembl y of f uzes and pr oj ect i l es, t he f uze body,t hr eads, adapt er , a, nd f uze cavi t y must be i nspect ed 0 i nsur e t hatgr i t , gr ease, or ot her f or ei gn mat er i al i s not pr esent , Thi s i s necessar yf or pr oper seat i ng of t he f uze wi t hout t he use of excessi ve f or ce,Meani ng of t he f uze cavi t y shoul d be accompl i shed wi t h a pi ece ofr l ot h and a smal l st i ck whi ch can be i nser t ed i nt o t he cavi t y,
Fuze-hol e l i f t i ng pl ugs shoul d not be r emoved except f or i nspect i on orwhen t he f uze i s about t o be i nser t ed.
( 3)
When ammuni t i on or pr oj ect i l es ar e i ssued f uzed, no at t emptwi l l he made t o r emove t he f uzes wi t hout speci f i c aut hor i t y andi nst r uct i ons f r om t he Chi ef of Or dnance,
( 4)
Fuzes wi l l not be al t er ed,
Any at t empt t o al t er or di sas-sembl e f uzes i n t he f i el d i s danger ous and i s pr ohi bi t ed except underspeci f i c di r ect i on of t he Chi ef of Or dnance. The onl y aut hor i zedassembl i ng or di sassembl y oper at i ons ar e scr ewi ng t he f uze i nt o t he
303
Par s. 214- 221
TM 4- T900Car e, Hsndl i ng, and Pr ewr vat l on
pr oj ect i l e i f t he r ound vr as not i sgued f uzed, or unscr ewi ng t he f uzef r om t he pr oj ect i l e i f r ) ot f i r ed
( 5) 1~ver y pr ecaut i on shoul d be t aken t o keep moi st ar e awayf r om ponvder - t r ai n t i me f uses_
( t i ) Ti me f uses ar e al ways i ssued set " sor e, " and i f not usedaf t er maki ng a set t i ng, t hey shoul d be r eset t o saf e bef or e st or i ng,
( 7) When r eady t o be l oaded i nt o t he gun, each r ound whi chcont ai ns a t i me f uze or poi nt - det onat i ng f uze shoul d be kept outof t he pat h of r ecoi l unt i l r ecoi l of t he pr evi ous r ound has t akenpace; t hi s pr act i ce wi l l pr event a heavy bl ow on t he f uze, I ff uzed r ounds ar e acci dent al l y st r uck i n t hi s. manner , t hey wi l l not bef i r ed under any ci r cumst ances but wi l l be i mmedi at el y pl aced i n asegr egaECA l ocat i OT3 and r epor t ed t o t he post or dnance of f i cer f orexami nat i un and necessar y act i on.
( $)
When cheoki si g t he accur acy of f uze set t i ng by cut t i ng t r i alf uzes, no f u2e shoul d 1x- cut mor e t han t wi ce.
220. HI ANl f t AA1Ml 1VI TI ON.u. Onl y bl ank ammuni t i on f ur ni shed by t he Or dnance Depar t -
ment wi l l be used. Bl ank ar n, nuni t i on i s i ssued t o t he usi ng ser vi cesi n campl et r t : r ounds onl y . Smoke- puf f char ges or bl ank ammuni t i onwi l l nut be i mpr ovi Lwd when t hey ar e not pr ovi ded.
b, I f kept i nt act . handl ed wi t h car e, and vr ut ect ed f r om heat *t he compl ei i : r ound of bl ank ammuni t i on i s compar at i vel y saf e. Thef ol l owi ng pr ecaut i ons, however , shoul d he obser ved ,
( 1) Under no ci r cur nut ances wi l l r ounds of bl ank ammuni t i onbe t amper ed wi t h i n t he f i el d .
( 2) Bl ank ammuni t i on shoul d not be r emoved f r om t he f i bercont ai ner sooner t han i s necessar y bef or e f i r i ng. Remai ni ng r oundsshoul d be kept away f r om t he gun,
( 3) I dent i f i cat i on of t he ammuni t i on bef or e f i r i ng must beposi t i ve. and no at l emot shoul d be mach: t o use i t i n a gun ot hert han t hat f or whi ch i t i s i nt ended.
( 4)
Any r ound i n whi ch t he chi pboar d ci vsi ng cup i s not f i r ml yi n pl ace shoul d not be f i r ed and shoul d be handl ed wi t h car e unt i ldi %poser ! of as di r ect ed i n chapt er 4.
221 .
PYROTECHNI CS, CRNAADE5. AND CEEMI CAL AM14I U-NI TI ON.
a . Pyr ot echni cs and gr enades shoul d be l ocat ed some di st anceei t her t o t he Hi ght or l ef t of t he f i r i ng poi nt s, never di r ect l y bk' hi nd.Pr ot ect i ve measur es agai nst gr ass f i r es shoul d be pr ovi ded, and ex-t r eme car e shoul d be t aken t o pr event a gr t Yl sde or pi ece of bur ni ngpyr ot echni c mat er i al f r om dr oppi ng i nt o boxes of ammuni t i on.
304
TM 9- 1900
Far s . 221- 223Car e, , F, f andhng. and Pr eser vat i on
Pyr ot echni cs whi ch have br an unseal ed shoul d be di sposed of aspi uvi ded i n OFSB 3- 9,
h.
I n nr der t o pr event acci dent s f r om t he use of l et hal or t oxi cc' . hemi cal j Ar nmuni t i on, no l i ar. ( : her ni cal ammuni t i on ot her t han non-t oxi c smoke and nont oxi c l aChr ymat or y gas wi l l be f used f or t r ai ni ngpur poses, i ncl udi ng t ar get pr act i ce, demonst r at i ons, and t act i cal exer -ci ses, except undt r t he per sonal and di r c, ct super vi si on of a commi s-si oned ct ?i cer of t he Chemi cal War f ar e Ser vi ce. Thi s l i mi t at i on doesnot appl y t o t he use of i nst r uct i onal gas i dent i f i cat i on set s or det ona-t i on gas i dent i f i cat i on set s, Smoke- pr oduci ng mat er i al s wi l l not her el eased i n t r ai ni ng V; i t hi n 300 yar ds of per sonnel , l i vest ock, bui l di ngs,equi pment , car ot her obj ect s whi ch may be damaged. Equi pmentcont ai ni nat t d wi t h cor r osi ve aci ds pr oduced by l i qui d smokes wi l lbe washed wi t h wat er as sor es as possi bl e except when ot her met hodsof pr ot ect i on or cl eani ng ar e pr escr i bed i n t he appr opr i at e Techni calManual s .
e . Bur ni ng- t ype gr enades, smoke pot s, and t wo- compar t mentcandl es uhoul d be st or ed i n a cool , dr y pl ace, They , y1) uul d not bei gni t ed wi t hi n 5 f eet of dr y gr ass or ot her i nf l ammabl e mat er i al s .Bur ni ng- t ype gr enades wi l l not be f i r ed cl oser t han 20 f eet f 1Vmper sonnel , becauhe gr enades occasi onal l y f l ash. When f i r i ng si nokepot s, car e shoul d be t aken not t o have t he f ace di r ect l y above t hesmoke pot ,
, 1, kl nf uzed gr enades wi l l not be f uzed i n ammuni t i on dumpsor st or age magazi nes : car i n gr eat er quant i t i es t han ar e neoded f ori mmedi at e we,
222, 13OAMA. Al t i t udes and di st ances saf e f r om f r agr nent at i ot tar 3cl bl ast ef f ect wi l l be speci f i ed by t he Commandi ng Gener al , Ar myAi r For ces ( pay" , 21, AR 750- 10, 22 Januar y 1944) , Saf et y pr e-caut i ons and met hods of unf u2i ng, di sassembl y, and handl i ng bomhf iar e cont ai ner s i n TM9- 19811, Al l l i ve bombs wi l l be car r i ed saf eand wi l l not be ar med unt i l r el eased,
223.
T110RTAI t AMAI UPi 2T>I Cf n . The same saf et y pr ecaut i ons wi l lbe obser ved i n t he f i el d i n t he Handl i ng and use of mor t ar ammuni -t i on as appl y t o ar t i l l er y shel l ( par . 219) _ Fur t her i nf or mat i on wi l l .be f ound i n FM23- 85 and FM23- 90.
305
Par . 220
TM9- 1900
CHAPTER d
DESTRUCTI ON OF AMMUNI TI ON I N ZONEOF THE I NTERI OR
224. GENERAL.a. Gener al .{ 1)
The i nst r uct i ons set f or t h i n t hi s sect i on ar e f or dest r oyi ngl i mi t ed quant i t i es of expl osi ves and ammuni t i on.
The t er m" l i mi t ed"i s def i ned i n subpar agr aph d, bel ow. When l ar ger quant i t i es ar e t obe dest r oyed or t he i nst r uct i ons set f or t h cannot be compl i ed wi t h,speci al i nst r uct i ons wi l l I x f ur ni shed by t he Chi ef of Or dnance.
( 2)
Unser vi ceabl e ammuni t i on, ammuni t i on component v, and ex-pl osi ves whi ch const i t ut e a hazar d, cannot be sa- vaged, or ar e unf i tf or t hei r i nt ended pur pose and cannot be used t o advant age f or anyot her pur pose shoul d be d" t r oyed i n accor dance wi t h exi st i ng r egul at i ons.
As a gener al r ul e at Cl ass 1, 11, or I I I i r i st al l at i on, t he onl yammuni t i on i t ems r equi r i ng dest r uct i on ar e obsol et e or det er i or at edanununi t i on ( Kr hi ch r i i ay be consi der ed t oget her ) and duds,
( 3) Lumber whi ch has been exposed t o expl osi ves and whi chcannot be r eadi l y decont ami nat ed shoul d be dest r oyed by bur ni ngonl y under condi t i ons appr oved f or saf et y. Exampl es of such l umberar e wooden sect i ons of t anks, vat s, hoods, pi pe l i nes, et c . , i n whi chhazar dous mat er i al i s i mpr egnat ed.
However , i f wood has been ex-posed t o expl osi ve mat er i el t o a l i mi t ed ext ent , i t map be possi bl e t odecont ami nat e i t compl et el y by washi ng or st eami ng.
h.
ReKponai hi l i l y and l r r ocr dur e.
Pr i or t o dest r uct i on, an Am-muni t i on Condi t i on Depor t . ( O. p_ For m 517- - f or mer l y O. G. 7235)wi l l be submi t t ed t o t he Chi ef of Or dnance i n or der t hat t he di sposi -t i on may be appr oved. Thi s r epor t wi l l be pr epar ed i n accor dancewi t h i nst r uct i ons on t he r ever se si de of t he f or m. An except i on i sdet er i or at ed expl osi ves or Ammuni t i on whi ch i s f ound t o be i mmedi -at el y danger ous t o l i f e or pr oper t y ; i n such i nst ances, di sposi t i on maybe made by or der of t he l ocal commandi ng of f i cer . The r espon-si bi l i t y f or di sposi t i on i s a f unct i on of t he i nspect or : t he r esponsi bi l i t yf or dest r uct i on i s t i f unct i on of t he post or dnance of f i cer . Wher el ocal br eak- down of unser vi ceabl e ammuni t i on i s or der ed, t echni cali nst r uct i ons f or t he wor k wi l l be f ur ni shed by t he Chi ef of Or dnance.
r. .
Met hods . Dest r uct i on of expl osi ve mat er i al wi l l he accom-pl i shed by bur ni ng, expl odi ng, or dumpi ng at sea, as speci f i ed bel ow,Bur yi ng of expl osi ves or ammuni t i on or dumpi ng t hem i nt o wast epl aces, pi t s, wel l s, mar shes, shal l ow st r eams, or i nl and wat er ways i sabsol ur el y pr ohi bi t ed; except t hat l oose bl ack powder ( par . 227)may be di sposed of by dumpi ng i nt o a st r eam or body of wat er .Met hods f or dest r uct i on ar e gener al l y based on t he number of uni t st o be dest r oyed, t he si ze and nat ur e of each uni t . t he f aci l i t i es avai l -abl e, and t he t opogr aphy of t he l and.
aoa
TM 9- 1900
Par $. 214- 225
Dest r ucf i nr n of Ammur dt i on i n Zono of t he i nt er i or
d. { Quant i t y of ammuni t i on and expl o$i ves . By a ` l i mi t ed"quvnt i t y of ammuni t i on and expl osi ves, t hi s sect i on r ef er s t o t henumber of unexpl oded &hel l and ot her ammuni t i on nor mal l y f oundon a t ar get r ange or i n t he f i el d as an accumul at i on f r om f i r i ngs orot her peacet i me maneuver s_ Lar ger quant i t i es, gener al l y r ef er r i ng t oammuni t i on r esul t i ng f r om det er i or at i on i n st or age or f r om obsol es-cence, ar e t o be dest r oyed accor di ng t o speci f i c i nst r uct i ons f r omt heChi ef of Or dnance,
e. Mat er i at s ut . Xl i n dest r oyi ng by expl osi on. Char ges of- pound bl ocks of TNT or st i cks of dynar t ut e ar e used.
These ar eset of f ei t her by t i me f use ( saf et y f use) and a bl ast i ng cap, or by amagnet o and an el ect r i c bl ast i ng cap.
I n no case wi l l " i nst ant aneous"f use be used.
For demol i t i on pur poses r 3i t r ost ar ch bl ocks have beenaut hor i zed as a subst i t ut e f or TNT bl ocks . Ni t r ost ar ch i s a har ddense subst ance consi der abl y mor e sensi t i ve t o f r i ct i on and i mpactt han TNT. The cr ushi ng ar br eaki ng of t he vi f r ost ar ch Wocl r s i shazar dous.
Dynami t e i s not t o he used i n t he dest r uct i on of duds .f .
Mat er i al s uNt t i l i n dest r oyi ng by f i r e. Fi r es used i n dest r oyi ngsmal l ammuni t i on component s may be made f r om scr ap l umber ,wood, or such mat er i al et c excel si or . When component s t o be de-st r oyed ar e l ai d on t he pi l e bef or e l i ght i ng, t he f i r e wi l l be l i t f r oma di st ance by mesas of a t r ai n of i nf l ammabl e mat er i al or by a char geof bl ack po%vder i gni t ed wi t h an el ect r i c squi b,
g.
Speci f i c t ypes .
I nf or mat i on deal i ng wi t h t he par t i cul ar t ypet o be dest r oyed wi l l be f ound i n t he par agr aphs f ol t owi ng,
h .
DE' - nl ol i t i on met hods . For det ai l s of met hods and pr ocedur eof demol i t i on wor k, consul t F
5- 25.
225. CLUMPI NG AT yEA,
a. When bur ni ng or det onat i on of expl osi ves or ammuni t i on i si mpr act i cal , dumpi ng at sea at dept hs not l ess t han 900 f eet and notl ess t han 10 mi l esf r omshor e i s per mi t t ed. Bef or e di sposal , by dump-i ng i n t he sea, of any ATYI muni t i on, ever y ef f or t wi l l be mer l e t osal vage i t f or f ur t her use or r ecl amat i on of compoae0 par t s.
Dump-i ng i n t he sea wi l l . i n ever y i nst ance, 1] e done onl y upon War Depar t .ment or der .
h. Navy, Coast Guar d, and por t aut hor i t i es must be consul t edand t hei r r egul at i ons r egar di ng t r ansf er and di sposal of mat er i al oft hi s nat ur e must he obser ved, Ammuni t i o, t i t ems must be r emovedf r om cont ai ner s bef or e bei ng dumped Over boar d. The l ocat i on se-l ect ed f or dumpi ng shoul d be appr eci abl y deeper t han sur r oundi ngl ocat i ons t o pr ecl ude t he possi bi l i t y of ammuni t i on bei ng washedt owar d t he shar e by t i dal act i on.
307
Par s, 225- 226
TM9- 1900Dest r uct i on of Ammuni t i on i n Zone of t he I nt er i or
c .
1n t r ansi t , t he boat or bar ge wi l l di spl ay a l ar ge r ed f l ag atl east 10 f eet 2bove t he deck and a compet ent per son wi l l be con-st ant l y on t he al er t t o war n appr oachi ng cr af t of danger . Wl t ar snecessar y, a War Depar t ment r epr esent at i ve . who i s f ami l i ar wi t h t hehazar ds i nvol ved i n handl i ng ammuni t i on, wi l l accompany cor t t t ner -ci al vessel s cont r act ed t o dump such mat er i al i n t he capaci t y of asaf et y advi ser .
2261. SAFETY PRECAh' FI ONS,a. Cener aL Saf et y i s t he maj or consi der at i on i n dest r oyi ng
ammuni t i on and expl osi ves . I t i s hi ghl y advi sabl e t o t est al l saf et ydevi ces bef or ehand by subj ect i ng t hem t o t he sever est t est t hey maybe cal l ed upon t o wi t hst and, pr ovi ded t hat such t est i s r easunabl e andpr act i cabl e. Onl y af t er saf et y r equi r ement s have been met shoul dsal vage and economy be consi der ed, I t may be necessar y t o i m-pr ovi se appar at us t o accompl i sh t he desi r ed r esul t s, and i t i s essent i alt hat t he dest r i t ct i osx pr ocedur e be anal yzed and pl anned i n det ai l f orcompl i ance wi t h t he gener al saf et y pr ecaut i ons i n chapt er 3, sec-t i on 1 . The gener al saf et y pr ecaut i ons t hat must al ways be compl i edwi t h i n dest r oyi ng ammuni t i on ar e descr i bed bel ow.
h.
Sel ect i on of Si t e.
( 1) FORDESTRUCTI ON BY BURNI NG. The sel ect i on of a si t e f ordest r uct i on of expl osi ves by bur ni ng shoul d be based on t he pr i nci pl eof obt ai ni ng t he maxi mumpr act i cabl e di st ance f r om al l magazi nes,i nhabi t ed bui l di ngr 4 oper at i ng bui l di ngs, publ i c hi ghways, and r ai l -ways . Consi der at i on shoul d be gi ven t o t he di r ect i on of pr evai l i ngwi nds . Wher ever possi bl e, nat ur al bar r i cades shoul d be ut i l i zed be-t ween t he bur ni ng si t e and oper at i ng bui l di ngs and magazi nes. Thebur st i ng si t e shoul d be appr oxi mat el y i nhabi t ed- bui l di ng di st ancesf r omal l st r uct ur es a. nd publ i c t hor oughf ar es.
( 2)
FOR DESTRUCTI ON BY ] DETONATI ON. The Se1eCt i Ol l Of a si t ef or dest r uct i on of ammuni t i on by det onat i on i s based on t he samepr i nci pl es as i n st ep ( 1) , above. Such a si t e shoul d be 3, 600 f eetf r ompubl i c hi ghways, publ i c r ai l ways, i nhabi t ed bui l di ngs, magazi nes,and oper at i ng bui l di ngs.
Wher e t hi s di st ance cannot be obt ai ned, api t or t r ench r houl d be used t o l i mi t t he r ange of mi ssi l es.
The 3, 600-f oot l i mi t at i on does not appl y wher e subst ant i al l y const r uct ed de-st r uct i on chamber s ar e used. Pi t s wi l l not be r equi r ed when t hedest r uct i on t akes pl ace on an ar t i l l er y r ange or si mi l ar si t e wher e acover of ear t h 2 f eet t hi ck shoul d be used t o l i mi t t he r ange of f r ag-ment s . Combust i bl e r ubbi sh shoul d be dest r oyed at a l ocat i on r emovedf r om t hose pl aces wher e expl osi ves and expl osi ve- cont ami nat ed ma-t er i al ar e dest r oyed. Wher e l i mi t ed space does not per mi t separ at ebur ni ng gr ounds. a par t of t he expl osi ve dest r uct i on may be r eser vedf or bur ni ng r ubbi sh, pr ovi ded t he t wo ar eas ar e not oper at ed si mol -
TM9- 1900
Par . 226Desf r uct i on of At nmvnf i on i n Zone of gl ee I nf er i or
t aneousl y. Such an ar ea shoul d be encl osed by a subst ant i al wi r emesh, not over ' / a- i nch mesh.
C. Mai nt enance of gr ot andes . Al l dr y gr ass, l eaves, and ot heri nf l ammabl e mat er i al s wi t hi n a r adi us of 200 f eet f r om t he poi nt ofdest r uct i on wi l l be r emoved. Fi r e- l i ght i ng f aci l i t i es f or combat i nggr ass f i r es shoul d be kept r ec+di l y avai l abl e and, i f pr act i cabl e, t hegr ound at t he poi nt of dest r uct i on shoul d be wet down wi t h wat erat t he cl ose of each day' s oper at i ons. The use of concr et e mat s f orbur ni ng or det onat i on i s not per mi t t ed.
cl .
Pr ot ect i on f or hr r aonnel .
Per sonnel engaged i n demol i t i onwor k shoul d al ways have ampl e t i me t o r each shel t et af f or di ng subst ant i al over head cover and spl i nt er - pr oof 1) r ot uct i ur i .
The si gnal f ordet onat i on shoul d be gi ven by t he i ndi vi dual set t i ng t he bl ast i ngs,and onl y af t er al l per sonnel i n t he vi ci ni t y ar e pr ot ect ed by subst an-t i al cover or have r eached a saf e di st ance. I f an el ect r i c bl ast i ngmachi ne i s used. t he wi r es wi l l not be connect ed t o t he t er mi nal sunt i l al l per sons have r eached cover mi d t he per son i n char ge of t hebl ast i ng i s assur ed t hat t he ar ea i s pr oper l y cl ear ed of al l per sonnel _Dependent upon l ocal condi t i ons, t empor ar y or per manent bar r i cadeswi l l be pr ovi ded end saf et y di st ances wi l l be obser ved by al l per sons,
e. Saf el y di M" i mr c r equi r ement s f or pr epar at i on of pr i mer Mmai l , l emul i t i un char geLL. I t i s ext r emel y i mpor t ant t hat per sonnelt ake adequat e pr ecaut i ons t o pr event acci dent al expl osi ons whi l epr epar i ng pr i mer s f or demol i t i on act i vi t i es . I n addi t i on t o t he gen-er al . saf et y pr ecaut i ons cur r ent l y i n f or ce, t he f ol l awi ng saf et y r ul esf or t he pr epar at i on of pr i mer s and demol i t i on char geXz wi l l be 3f r r ct l yobser ved.
( 1)
Test - bur ni ng of t i me f use ( saf et y f use) , f or det er mi nat i on ofr at e of bur ni ng of t he r ol l , wi l l be dome at a mi ni mumsaf et y di s-t ance o£ 25 f eet f r om exposed bl ast i ng caps or expl osi ves i n t hedi r ect i on t owar d whi ch t he ai r cur r ent i s movi ng.
( 2)
Cut t i ng squar e acr oss end of t i me f use ( saf et y f use) , r emoveand di scar d 2 or 3 i nches of f use f r om each r ol l ,
( 3)
Cut of f and t est a 1- f oot l engt h f r omeach r ol l f or det er mi na-t i on of bur ni ng t i me- Al l f use i r 3 t i r e same f al l shoul d bur t i at a uni -f or m f et e, t hough r ot e of hor ni ng mr t y vf t r ; ' f r om appr oxi mat el y 30t o 43 seconds per f oot i n di f 7er ent r ol l s.
( 4)
The suppl y of bl ast i ng caps f or t he r equi r ed oper at i on wi l lbe at mi ni mumof 25 f eet f r omt he suppl y of expl osi ves,
( 5)
The pr epar at i on of nonel ect r i c pr i mer s wi l l be per f or med notl ess t han 25 f eet f r om t he suppl y of bl ast i ng caps car expl osi ves.
( 6)
Cut suf f i ci ent t i me f use ( saf et y f use) t o per mi t f i r er t o r eacha pl ace of saf et y bef or e t he char ge expl odes,
( 7)
Sel ect one nonel ect r i c bl ast i ng cap, bal d i t open end down,309
Par . 226
TM V- I VVR
Dest r uct i on of Ar nmuni t i ot t i n ZOt w of t he I t t t er i ur
and shake gent l y t o r emove di r t or ot her f or ei gn mat t er , Hol d t hedesi r ed l engt h of t i me f use ( saf et y f use) ver t i cal and gent l y sl i p t hecap down ovet - t hc f use unt i l t he expl osi ve i s i n cont act wi t h t he endof t he f use. I f t he f use appear s t oo l ar ge t o ent er t he bl ast i ng capeasi l y, t he end t o ent er t he cap may be r ol l ed bet ween t he f i nger s,CAUTI ON: Do r r od use f or ce.
( S) When t he f use i s pr oper l y seat ed wi t hi n t he cap, pl ace ast andar d- t ype cap cr i mper over t he cat ) at t he f use end; hol d by t hePur e and cr i mp cap t o f use.
( 9)
No mar e t han si x bl ast i ng caps wi l l be per mi t t ed at t he si t esel ect ed f or pr epar at i on of pr i mer s at any one t i me,
( 10)
The pr i mi ng of expl osi ves wi l l be per f or med at A di st anceof not l esr t han 25 f eet f r omt he si t e of any ot her per mi ssi bl e st or ageor oper at i on poi nt i nvol ved i n connect i on wi t h t he pr epar at i on ofpr i mer s and demol i t i on char ges.
{ 11)
Not mor e t han one pr i med char ge of expl osi ves wi l l beper mi t t ed at any si t e at any one t i me.
( 12)
The pr epar at i on of pr i mer s and t he pr i mi ng of expl osi veswi l l not be per f or med i n advat l ce of r equi r ement s f or use of s&me,i n vi ew of possi bl e at mospher i c ef f er - t 3.
( 13)
Br i ng t o t he si t e of t he oper at i on onl y suf f i ci ent expl osi vest o meet t he r equi r ement of t he oper at i on i nvol ved.
f .
Removal f r omcont ai nem. Expl osi ves or ammuni t i on t o bedest r oyed by bur ni ng wi l l be r emoved f r omcont ai ner s, as any at t emptt o bur n expl osi ves or ammuni t i on under even sl i ght conf i nement mayr esul t i n an expl osi on or det onat i on.
g. T1r i r ' xmi ui ng r l t eaut i t 3 t o he dest r oyed . The quant i t y ofmat er i al t o ba dest r oyed at one t i me wi l l depend upon l ocal condi -t i ons_ Thi s quant i t y wi l l be car ef ul l y det er mi ned by st ar t i ng wi t h al i mi t ed number and t hen gr adual l y i ncr easi ng t hat number unt i l t hemaxi mum whi ch can be dest r oyed wi t hout damage t o sur r oundi ngpr oper t y or causi ng di st ur bance t o ci vi l i an ar eas i s det er mi ned.
Thet espon. si bl e i ndi vi dual wi l l make sur e bef or e he gi ves t he si gnal f ordet onat i on t hat t her e i 3 no unaut hor i zed per son i n t he danger ar eaand t hat al l aut hor i zed per sons ar e pr ot ect ed by adequat e di st anceand cover .
h.
Col l e4' . 11on of unexpl oded ar ni ekuni t i on. As some t ypes ofammuni t i on ar t ! compar at i vel y di f f i cul t t o expl ode, a sear ch of t hesur r oundi ng gr ounds shoul d be made af t er each bl ast and any ma.t er i al whi ch has been t hr own f r omt he pi t and not det onat ed shoul dbe col l ect ed and i ncl uded wi t h t he next char ge t o be dest r oyed.
i .
Segr egat i on of mal e- r i al awai t i ng dest r uct i on .
Expl osi ves orammuni t i on awai t i ng dest r uct i on wi l l not be pi l ed wi t hi n 2401 f eet oft he poi nt of dest r uct i on and wi l l I ) e pr ot ect ed f r om gr ass f i r es, bur n-
310
TM 9- 1900
Por s . 226- 227Dest r uct i on of Ammuni t i on i n Zone of t he I nf er i or
i ng ember s, and f l yi ng f r agment s. Al l dr y gr ass, l eaves, and ot heri nf l ammabl e mat er i al wi l l be r emoved f r om t he ar ea wi t hi n a r adi usof 50 f eet of t he pi l e,
j . Caut i on agai nst r e- i gni t i un. I n r epeat i ng bur ni ng oper at i ons,car e wi l l be t aken t o guar d agai nst mat er j aI bei ng i gni t ed f r ombur n-i ng r esi due or heat i n t he gr ound,
k.
I mpr ovi si ng. The use of i mpr ovi sed met hods f or expl odi ngbl ast i ng cabs i s pr ohi bi t ed,
1 .
Mi sf i r e&
I n case of a mi sf i r e, per sonnel wi l l not appr oach t hepi t , t r ench, or pai nt of det onat i on unt i l a per i od of 30 mi nut es hasel apsed,
m.
U" of t r ai ned her aonnel .
Dest r uct i on of ammuni t i on wi l lnever be at t empt ed by i nexper i enced or unt r ai ned per sonnel _ Thenumber of per sonnel engaged i n such oper at i ons wi l l be kept at ami ni mumconsi st ent wi t h saf et y, but no per son wi l l be per mi t t ed t owor k al one.
n.
Guar di ng demol i t i on ar ea.
Guar ds, saf et y si gnal s, and war n-i ng si gns wi l l be used as r equi r ed t o keep unaut hor i zed per sonnelf r om danger ar eas dur i ng dest r uct i on oper at i ons .
n.
Addi t i onal i nst r uct i onR. I n t he absence of speci f i c r egul at i onsor i nf or mat i on cover i ng any phase of t he dest r uct i on of expl osi vemat er i al , i nst r uct i ons wi l l be r equest ed f r omt he Chi ef of Or dnance.
227. BULK EXPLOSI VES.a.
Bl ack powder ,
The saf est met hod of dest r oyi ng bl ack powderi s t o dump i t i n a st r eam or body of - wat er ; i f no sui t abl e body ofwat er k conveni ent , i t may be bur ned.
Onl y t ool s of wood or non.spar ki ng met al wi l l be used i n openi ng t he cont ai ner s, The cont ent sof one cont ai ner onl y wi l l bo bur ned at one t i mo pr ovi ded t hat quan-t i t y does not exceed 50 pounds.
The powder must be r emoved f r omt he cont ai ner and st ) r esd out on t he gr ound i r % a t r ai n about 2 i ncheswi de, car e bei ng t aken t hat no par t of t he t r ai n par al l el s an[ r t herpar t except at a di st ance of mor e t han 10 f eet . A t r ai n of i nf l am-mabl e mat er i al , such ss excel si or , about 25 f eet l ong and ext endi ngt o wi ndwar d must be ugMt o i gni t e t he powder , Hs t he r esul t i ng f l ar eof expl osi on i s su qui ck t hat t her e wi l l be no oppor t uni t y t o wi t hdr aw.The empt i ed cont ai ner s wi l l be t hor oughl y washed on t he i nsi dewi t h wat er , as ser i ous expl ar i ons have occur r ed wi t h supposedl yempt y bl ack- powder cans, Saf et y pr ecaut i ons, par t i cul ar l y t hose i npar agr aph 226, zhuul d be obser ved. Wet bl ack powder on dr yi ngmay r esume i t s expl osi ve pr oper t i es,
h. TNT. expl osi ve 1) . and t et r yl wi l l be dest r oyed by bur ni ng.They must not be dumped i nt o ur at er , as t hey poi son i t ,
The expl o-
Par s . 227- 228
I MV- I vuuDest r uct i on of Ammuni t i on i n Zonc of t he MI Cr i or
l i ve t o be bur ned wi l l be r emoved f r om cont ai ner s aci d spr ead i n it hi n l ayer . not mor e t han 3 or ' 4 i nches t hi ck, on unot l l er l ayer ofi nf l ammabl e mat er i al , such as excel t i i nr , A t r ai n of i nf l amTr t abl emat er i al wi l l b= used t v i gni t e t he expl osi ve_ $t t f et y pr ecaut i cync i npar agr aph 226 Xi houi d be ol j cer vod. Hur l , expl osi ve "; shoul d not bebur ned i n l ump f or m. I f expl osi v&s must be bur ned i n l t ur t t l i f or m,t he qumi t i t i es shoul d N! l ess t han st i pul ot ed bel ow f or par se expl o-si ves, and an oxpi osi on r nay occur , I nt i t ances ar e oat r ecor d of expl o-si ves bel ow ( Whi ch i n most i nst ances bur n) , det onat i ng whi l e bei ngbur ned . The maxi nnum amount s of l oose hi gh i _xpl osi ves whi ch m. Aybe bur ned at oci e bol e shal l he l i mi t ed mf ol l ows :
( 1)
DNT, TNT, expl osi ve D- 500 pounds,( 2)
Pent oht e. t et r yr t ol - 250 r ounds,( 3)
Tet r yl . composi t i on A. B. and C, RDX, hal ei t c- 50 pounds .t i r nukel es, powder .
Smal l quant i t i wi of smokel ess powder ( af ew boxes) up t o 500 pounds may be dest r oyed wi t h saf et y i f t hel xr wder i s r emoved f r om t he cont ai ner s and spr ead out on hdr egr ound i n a t r ai n of l i mi t ed wi dt h and t hi ckness dependent t i p( m t hegr anul at i on of t he powder . A t r ai n of i r , f l an) mabl e mat er i al about25 f eet l ong on t he wi ndwar d si de, shoul d be used t o i gni t e t hepowder ; t hi s al l ows per Ai nnel suf f i ci ent t une t o get away f r om t hei nt ense ! t eat wbkl c i s gener at ed when smokel ess powder bur ns . Saf et ypr ecaut i ons i n par agr al yh 236 shoul i t be obser ved.
d.
Dynaekt i l e.
Not i nur e t han 100 pounds ar p t o be dest r oyed bybur ni ng at one t i me, To dest r oy by bur ni ng, dynami t e car t r i dges,except f r ozen car t r i dges, shoul d be sl i t l engt hwi se i nt o hal ves wi t h anor di nar y kni f e; kni veq wi t h cl osi ng bl ades shoul d not be. used. Thesl i t car t r i dges ar e pl aced i n a si ngl e %yer , not gr eat er i n vt , i dt h t hant he l engt h of one t . a3' t r i dge, on hay, excel st i nr , or at ner combust i bl emat er i al . Tht combust i bl e t r ai n shoul d be of suf f i ci ent l engt h t oal l owper sonnel t i t r each cover or a saf e di st ance bef or e t he dynami t ebegi ns t o bur n. The dynami t e cont ai ner s shoul d be bur ned at t hesame t i me. Dynami t e awai t i ng dest r uct i on shoul d be shi el ded f r omt he di r ect r ays of t he sui t . Fr o7ct t car t r i dges! shal l be car ef ul l yt hawed, i n accor dhncc wi t h i nst r uct i ons cont ai ned i n FM5- 25. pr i ort o bur ni ng,
e. Ot her P. Xpl ghl Yf : p . I f i t i s necc! ysr y t o dest r oy ot her cxpl ca-r ; i VCB! such as mer cur y f ul mi nat e, l ead ar . i r l e, pi cr i c aci d, et c. . speci ali nst r uct i ons wi l l be r equci i r t cd f r ont t he Chi ef of Chdr i ance.
228. SEFARNTF- 1MADI NGYI t OPEMI NGCHARGES. Ext r emepr ecaut i ons wi l l be t aken agoi nst spar ks, The smokel e_" powderchar ges wi l l be r emoved t o t he bur ni ng gr ound bef or e bei ng opened.Ther e t he powder wi l l be r emoved f r omt he bag I ) y cut t i ng one of t heseams, car e bei ng t aken not t o di st ur b t he bl ack- powder i gni t i ngchar ge, - The empt y bag and i gni t er shoul d be i mmedi at el y and com-
312
TM 9- 1900
Par s. 226- 229Dest r uct i on of Ammuni t i on i n Zone of t f i e I r ct er l or
pl et el y SUI ) Mer ged i n wat er and t he i gni t er cut open under wat er .The smokel ess powder %vi l l be hur t l ed as f l escr i bed i n par agr aph227 c . The i gni t er and car t r i dge bags, af t er havi ng hear , t hor oughl ysoaked i n , eat er f or ot l east 72 hour s, shoul d be r emoved and al l owedt o dr y i n t he Upon : t hey may t hen be hor ned i n a pi t or t r ench- Soak-i ng i n wat er i s absol ut el y necessar y because t he conf i nement of t hebl ack powder by t he povr der bag, sl i ght as i f may be, i s suf f i ci ent t ocause expl osi on si l t ! pr oj ect i on of t he bur ni ng bags* And i gni t es t odi st ances of 200 f eet or mor e.
Bags and i gni t er s awai t i ng dest r uct i onby f i r F must he kept i n a sscur el y cl osed cont ai ner ,
I t i s per mi ssi bl e,when pr act i cabl e, t o dest r oy hags and i gnt mby dumpi ng t hemi n abody of t i vat er af t er t he pr opel l ent powder has been r emoved andt he var i ous sect i ons of t he qui l t ed i gni t er ar e cut open whi l e t he bagend i gni t er ar e st i l l submer ged i n wat er . Thi s cut t i ng i s necessar yt ci r el ease ai r t r apped i n t he qui l t ed i gni t er sect i ons, whi ch woul dcat f se t he bags and i gni t er s t o f l oat on l op of t he wat er .
229. ARTI LLERY SHELL.a.
The f ol l owi ng gener al i nst r uct i ons f or dest r oyi ng ar t i l l er y Shel lby det onat i on al so appl y t o bombs, mor t ar Shel l , r ocket shel l sepa-r at ed f r om t hei r mot or s, and ot her r el at i vel y l or ge component s con-t ai ni ng hi gh expl osi ve- However . i t must I >e kept i n mi nd t hat bombs,mor t ar shel l , r ocket shel l , and ant i t ank mi nes ar e composed of ast ouch as 60 per cent by wei ght of expl osi ve and hi ve r el at i vel y t hi nwal l s, as compar ed wi t h t he 10 t o 15 per cent of expl osi ve and t he r el at i vel y heavy wal l s of ar t i l l er y shel l .
Ther ef oec, t he number of uni t s ofhoi nbs, mor t ar shel l . r acket shel l , and mi nes dest r oyed i n one oper Ht i onshoul d be r educed accor di ngl y.
Shapef l char ges r equi r e ext r eme Car ei n dest r uct i on and shoul d be accompl i shed i n smal l quant i t i es orsi ngl y Fi xed shel l and r ocket shel l ( heads) wi l l be di sawer abl edf r omcompl et e r ounds and dest r oyed i n t he same meaner as separ at e-l oadi ng shel l ( see bel ow) . Bef or e under t aki ng any demol i t i on oper a-t i on t he pr oposed pr ocedur e wi l l be checked agai nst t he saf et y pr e-caut i ons pr escr i bed i n par agr aph 226.
h.
The f ol l owi ng gener al i nst r uct i ons cont empl at e t he use of a pi tor bombpr oof hui . ,
An ar t i l l er y r ange or si mi l ar si t e, whamavai l abl e,may be used.
Not e especi al l y par agr aph 226 h ( 2 ) .c-
" I ' he pr oj ect i l e t o be dest r oyed wi l l be pl aced on i t s si de i n at r ench or pi t about q f eet deep. The number of TNT bl ocks ( ort hei r equi val ent ) speci f i ed i n t he f ol l owi ng t abl e wi l l be pl aced i ncont act wi t h t he si de of t he pr oj ect i l e and hel d i n posi t i on by ear t hpacked ar ound t he pr oj ect i l e,
The TNT bl ock i s pl aced on i t s si de;i f t wo bl ocks ar e used, one i s pl aced on t op of t he ot her .
I f t hr oebl ocks ar e used, t wo ar e pl aced cl ose t oget her on t he shel l and t het hi r d on t op of t hese.
I f f i ve bl ocks or e used, t her e wi l l be t wo l ayer sof t wo bl ocks each, wi t h a f i f t h on t op. The demol i t i on bl acks ar e
448121 0 - 9e- 30
213
Par s . 229- 230
TM 9- 1900
DoAr ucf f or r of Ammuni t i on t o Zone of t he I nt er i or
det onat ed by means of an el ect r i c bl ast i ng cap or t ni ncr ' s saf et y f useand cep.
p" TRUCTI ON OF SHELL BY DETONAT10k
r sl i 6" { l 517pl ` To Be VSFi Xl t ' 2dNo. sF X' T- pound SHY ! ! ar t s
or Thei r Fqui val ml
c3.
One ei i d of t he r equi r ed l engt h of t i me f use ( saf et y f use)( par , 226 e) wi l l be cut and i nser t ed i n a Cof Especi al bl ast i ngcap unt i l i t j ust t ouches t he char ge. The cap wi l l t hen be l i ght l ycr i mped t o t he f use wi t h a f use cr i mper or sui t abl e t ool , car e bei ngt aken not t o pvc<m t he f use t oo t i ght l y agai nst t he f ul mi nat e char geof t he bl ast i ng cap.
ANo. $ el ect r i c bl ast i ng cap wi t h t he necessar yl engt h of l ead wi r e and a hand expl oder may be used i nst ead of t hebl ast i ng cap wi t h mi ner ' s saf et y f use.
The bl ast i ng cap wi l l be pl ace3i n t he hol e dr i l l ed i n t he TNT bl ock. ( t he t op bl ock when mor e t hanone bl ock i s used) , and i f necessar y t i ed ar ound i t t o hol d i t secur el yi n pl ace.
To no case shoul d a cap weaker t han t he or di nar y commer -ci al No. 8 bl ast i ng cap be used.
e,
I n case of a mi sf i r e, t he pr ecaut i on i n par agr aph 2261 shoul dbe obser ved.
Af t er t he bl ast , compl y wi t h par agr aph 226 h,
f ,
Poi nt - f uzed shel l f i t t ed wi t h Mar k wi l es adapt er s and boost er scan be det onat ed wi t hout t he use of TNTbl ocks.
ANo. 8 bl ast i ngcap secur el y hel d i n pl ace i n t he f uze cavi t y wi t h a smal l amountof mud packed ar ound t he t op of t he cap wi l l usual l y i nsur e cor 11-pl et e det onat i on of l oaded shel l .
230, BLANKAMM1NMONFORCANNON. Rounds of bl ankammuni t i on whi ch have mi sf i r ed wi l l be dest r oyed l ocal l y under t hesuper vi si on of a commi ssi oned of f i cer or per apnnel desi gnat ed f ort hi s pur pose by t he ser vi ce command or dnance of f i cer . Al l pr ecau-t i ons f or handl i ng bl ack powder , chapt er 1, sect i on I V, and f or dest r oy-i ng ammuni t i on, par agr aphs 226 and 227, shoul d be . obser ved. Anext r act or ( br ass) havi ng a wood- acr ew t hr ead can. be used t o r emovet he cl osi ng cap and wad; t he bl ack powder pel l et s may be r emovedby t i ppi ng t he car t r i dge case f or war d and cat chi ng t hemi n t he hand;and t he pr i mer may be r emoved by. means of a pr en . havi ng a hol l owgui de and/ or r amt o Car r y f or ce of possi bl e pr i mer f unct i oni ng awayf r om t he oper at or . Bef or e r emovi ng t he pr i mer wi t h a pr ess, besur e t hat cpr r o4i on wi l l t r ot bi nd t he pr i mer and cause t he appl i cat i onof t oo much pr essur e. Al so, be sur e t o t ake al l possi bl e pr ecaut i onst o see t hat no powder dust adher es t o t he pr i mer.
37- r um, 57- ni m r
75- mi n, 76- mm, 3 i nch 2
120- MUL, 155- mm, 4- i nch 3
S- i i i ch, 240- Tr i m 4
10- i nCFL, 12- i nch 5
14- i nch, 16 - i nch
TM 9- 1900
Por s, 231- 235Dest r uct i on of Ammuni t i on i n Zone of the I nf er i or
231, BObI BS. Bombs shoul d be dest r oyed i n accor dance wi t hpar agr aph 229, However , bombs have such t hi n wal l s and cont ai nso much mor e expl osi ve t han shel l of cor r espondi ng wei ght andusual l y det onat e so compl et el y i hst ext r eme pr ecaut i ons must bet aken t o avoi d st r uct ur al damage t o bui l di ngs and i nj ur i es t o per -sonnel . The dest r uct i on of bombs l ar ger l hen 100 pounds shoul dnot be t ui der t aken wi t hout t he speci f i c appr oval of t he Chi ef ofOr dnance, Bombs awai t i ng dest r uct i on shoul d be segr egat ed i nsmal l pi l es 100 f eet or mor e apar t and at l east 300 f eet f r om t hedet onat i ng pi t . Ext r eme pr ecaut i ons must be t aken t o pr ot ect bombsawai t i ng dest r uct i on agai nst acci dent al det onat i on by f i r e, f r agment s,or sympat het i c det onat i on,
232. MORTAR SHELF, Mor t ar shel l shoul d be dest r oyed i naccor dance wi t h t he i nst r uct i ons i n par agr aph 229, Car e wi l l bet aken t o l i mi t t he number dest r oyed at any one t i me and t o pr ot ectshel l awai t i ng dest r uct i on f r om f l yi ng f r agment s_'. : 33, ROCKET SHELL. Rocket shel l : whi ch ar e separ at ed f r omt hei r mot or s, shoul d be dest r oyed i n accor dance wi t h t he i nst r uct i onsi n par agr aph 229, Car e wi l l be t aken t o l i mi t t he number dest r oyedat one t i me and t o pr ot ect shel l awai t i ng dest r uct i on f r om f l yi ngf r agment s. Rocket s havi ng mot or s at t ached t her et o wi l l be dest r oyedi n accor dance wi t h i r mt r uct i ons f r om t he Chi ef of Or dnance,
23- 1 PENr r OL1TE- AND TETHYTOI r FI LL1ED AMHUNI T10N,a. Ammuni t i on f i l l ed wi t h pent ol i t e or t et r yt ol have shaped
char ges, These i ncl ude hi gh- expl osi ve ant i t ank shel l , gr enades, andr ocket shel l , and demol i t i on shaped char ges. Ext r eme car e shoul dbe obser ved i n dest r oyi ng t hi s t ype of ammuni t i on, and t he f ol l owi ngpr ecaut i ons shoul d be obser ved ;
( 1) Onl y smal l quant i t i es or si ngl e i t ems shoul d be dest r oyeda t one t i me,
( 2)
Fr agment at i on as wel l as bl ast ef f ect shoul d be expevt edand guar ded agai nst :
235, SMALI .. ARI f S AMi } 1UVf 1' 10N,: 4,
Al l unser vi ceabl e cal i ber , 22 and shot gun ammuni t i on wi l l hedest r oyed l ocal l y. Or dnance f i el d r epr esent at i ves, wi t hi n t hei r j ur i s-di ct i on, si r e char ged wi t h t he di sposi t i on of al l ot her unser vi ceabl esmal l - ar ms ammuni t i on and accumul at i ons f r om ( r i ngs. Ref er encet o WI C SB 9- AMM4 shoul d be r nade f or pr ocedur e t o be f ol l owedi n di sposi t i oi i ,
h. Smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on shoul d be dest r oyer ! i n a pi t whi chi s appr oxi mat el y G Feet squar e and 4 f eet deep, Ar t i ncl i ned chut esuch em a pi ece of 2- i nch pi pe shoul d be pr ovi ded, and t hi s chut eshoul d be pl aced so t hat one end i s over t he cent er of t he pi t and t he
316
Par s . 235- - 236
TM 9- t " GDest r uct i on of Ammauni l l on i r e Zone of t ho I nt er i or
ot her behi nd t he bar r i cade_ Pr ecaut i ons shoul d be t aken t o baf f l et he open end behi nd t he bar r i cade so t hat t he oper at or cannot l ookdown t he pi pe, A hot f i r e shoul d be bui l t i n t he pi t , and t hen t hepi t shoul d be cover ed wi t h ¬i pi ece of sheet i r on or ot her sui t abl emat er i al t o conf i ne f l yi ng f r agment s. The car t r i dges shoul d be f e( 1i nt o t he f i r e t hr ough t he pi pe, and car e shoul d be t t i ken t r y pr eventan accumul at i on of unexpl oded ammuni t i on i n t he pi t ,
A f ur naceor bur ni ng ket t l e desi gned t o accompl i sh t he above dest r uct i on bybur ni ng i s al so sat i sf act or y . Appr oved equi pment end bui l di ngdr awi ngs showi ng bar r i cades wi l l be suppl i ed by t he Chi ef of Or d-nance on r equest .
236. SMALL COhI PONFNTS EXCFP-1- PRMI ERS.a,
These component s, ar t i l l er y and gr enade f uzes, boost er s, det ernat or s, f i nd si mi l ar mat er i al , may be dest r oyed ei t her by bur ni ngor by det onat i ng. For dest r uct i on of pr i mer s see par agr aph 239.
b, I n dest r uct i on by bur ni ng, t he same i nst r uct i ons gi ven i npar agr aph 235 t o f or t he dest r uct i on of smr t l l - ar ms ammuni t i on shoul dbe f ol l owed. Caut i on shoul d be exer ci sed i n i nt r oduci ng component si nt o t he t i r e because nar msl act i on cannot be expect ed under i nt enseheat . The expl osi on of a pr evi ousl y i nt r oduced component shoul dbe hear d bef or e i nt r oduci ng anot her .
r . When dest r oyi ng t hese component s by det onat i on, a smal lnumber of component s, dependi ng upon t he t ype and ki nd, shoul dbe pl aced i n cont act wi t h one anot her i n an open cont ai ner . Thi s
cont ai ner shoul d t hen be pl aced ) i n a pi t or t r ench appr oxi mat el yf eet deep. On t op of each cont ai ner and i n cont act wi t h t he
component s, one or mor e TNT bl ocks f i t t ed wi t h an el ect r i c bl aot i ogcap or wi t h a Cof Especi al bl ast i ng cap and t i me f use ( saf et y Fuse)shoul d be pl aced_ The pi t shoul d t hen be cover ed wi t h a l ayerof l ogs and ear t h or ot her sui t abl e cover , and t he component sshoul d t hen be det onat ed i n accor dance wi t h t he saf et y pr ecaut i onsout l i ned i n par agr aphs 224 and 228.
41 . The f ol l owi ng met hod of dest r uct i on of onver vi ceabi e HEaxt t i t ank mi ne f uxas shoul d be f ol l owed :
( 1)
The avai l abl e saf et y di st ances wi l l det er mi ne t he number off uzes t hat may be dest r oyed at one t i me ( based on act ual f r agment _di st ances r epor t ed f r om dest r uct i on of f uzes i n quant i t i es) t oget herwi t h r ecommended mi ni mumsaf et y di st ances f or each, as set f or t h
bel ow :( a) Wher e pi l e i s cover ed wi t h ear t h ( 2 f eet )
No . of Nr 9f . ,
Xa
_Fr upmesr f Di oanse
I PPP' °r I MeI a
i anYar dsFX-
Aawmmended Sof sXy O: r l PnuI ml nl nwi n yar ds]
aoo56 350 525
t 52 535 800
702 . 525 800 . , .
316
r nf l 9- 1900
oar s . 236- 227
Desdr uct i on of Ammuni t i on i n Zone of t he I nt er i or
( b)
Wher e pi l e i s not cover ed wi t h ear t h ;
No. of Fut on,
r r 0r *oot ber t i 7ueu6t aes w. y 1mXLr ct cd f or dnm" I I q, L Ht Doe t i me_ 0Ft hmSEF, 9( Y1 was adopt ed x
sr t , r hi ng t he upper Li vni t of cf ci e. i Xy 1, 6
( 2)
Bet ween st or agf e poi nt and dest r uct i on ar ea, handl e ai l f uzeswi t h st r i ker end up; exer ci se ext r eme car e and caut i on,
( 3) Make a doubl e pyr ami d pi l e of t he quant i t y sel ect ed f ordest r uct i oni , t he bot t om r ow shoul d be on l evel gr ound or on awooden l i nr i r t l of suf f i ci ent l engt h t o car r y t he bot t or n r ow of t hepi l e. Pl ace t he f uzes on t he si de wi t h t he r ows base t o base, i ni nt i mat e cont act , and wi t h t he pr oj ect i ng por t i ons of t he saf et y f or kf i t t ed i nt o t he gr onvt s car r yi ng t he same component i n t he adj acentf uzes. The f uzes must be kepi i n cont act wi t h each ot her ,
( 4) Pl ace t wo No. 6 or No. 8 bl ast i ng caps ( l i ght l y t aped i fnecessar y t o hol d t hem i n posi t i on) si de by si de bet ween t he basesof t he t wo t op f uzes of cr ach pyr ami d so t hat t he end of t he cap i sat t he appr oxi mat e cent er of t he base of t he f uze. A Bl i ght " mud-cappi ng" of t he caps i p desi r abl e i f car ef ul l y appl i ed, The pi l e i st hem r eady f or det onat i un.
237 . PRI NTERS.
f r eya. unt uWance
I t at ommended Saf et y Dl sl pnt e{ oppr oxl mot o yar day
i
( MLni , MVt n Ynr ds)
a.
Lar ge pr i mer s, 104- gr ai n or mor e, may be, dest r oyed by bur ni ngaccor di ng t o t he i nst r ucl i uns f or dest r uct i on of smal l - ar m=; ammuni t i oni n par agr aph 235 l o . ' Pr i mer s, Ot her t han smal l - anns pr i mer s, ar edr opped one at a t i me i nt o t he f i r e .
Lar ge pr i mer s wi l l be dest r oyedonl y i n t hi s manner because t hey ar e subj ect t o expl osi on i n ni a"i f dest r oyed t oy bur ni ng i n l ar ge quant i t i es .
l i p .
Pr i mer s, except t he 1Mgr ai r t or l ar ger pr i mer s, may be bur nedi n a t r ench appr oxi mat el y 2 f eet deep, 1 f oot wi de. and of suf f i ci entl engt h t o accommodat e t he number of pr i mer s t o be bur ned at onet i me. The t r ench shoul d be pr epar ed wi t h a quant i t y of excel si or orsi mi l ar combust i bl e mat er i al suf f i ci ent t o i nsur e a hot f i r e t hr oughouti t s l engt h. The pr i mer s shoul d be r emoved f r om boxes and pl aceclon t he excel si or bef or e t he f i r e i s l i ght ed. Past eboar d car t ons: neednot be opened bei one t hey ar e pl aced i n t 11e t r ench. ' 1' o conf i nef r abmh: i t s as much as possi bl e, a pi ece of sheet mewl shoul d bepl aced over t he t r ench. Af t er t he pr i mer s and covet ar e i n pl ace,x t r ai n Of cor t l bust i bl e mat er i al l eadi ng i nt o t he pi t shoul d he pr e-par ed and l i ght ed. Per sonnel shoul d t hen t ake cover or wi t hdr awt o A saf e di st ance,
C. I f a sui t abl e t ank or ket t l e i s avai l abl e f or use, a sf nal l ernumber of pr i mer s may The pl aced i n i i end a smal l - mesh scr eedpl aced over t he t op, 13y bui l di ng a f i r e under neat h, t he pr i mer s wi l lbe " pl oded. A conveni ent r ecept acl e i s an i r on t ank cut i n hal f
Par s, 237- 238
TM 9- 1900Dest r uct i on of Ammuni t i on i n Zone of t he 7nl er i or
l ongi t udi nal l y al t i d t he open si de pl acer ; on r ai l r oad i r on or ot hersui t abl e gr at i ng t hat wi l l not l et t he pr i mer dr op i nt o t he f i r e. Al ar ge hol e, appr oxi mat el y 12 i nches i n di amet er , wi t h a pi pe l ocat edabove t he hei ght of a r nSr i s head, shoul d be pr ovi ded and about50 pr i mer s put i n at one t i me. The boi l er shoul d be equi pped wi t ha smokest ack so t hat a dr af t wi l l be f or med t hr ough t he gr at i ngrPacki ng mat er i al , i f i nf l ammabl e, need not be r emoved f r ont t hepr i mer s .
d.
I f a bur ni ng pi t const r uct ed of r ai l r oad i r on or si mi l ar mat er i ali s avai l abl e, a f i r e may he bui l t i n i t and a box of pr i mer s dest r oyed8t one t i me ( pr ovi ded t he packi ng i s i nf l ammabl e) by t hr owi ng t hebox i nt o t he pi t and t aki ng cover .
e.
The smal l er end vent pr i mem may be dest r oyed by bui l di nga f i r ebox, over whi ch a basket of pr i mer s may be pul l ed on r ai l r oadi r on f r ombehi nd a bar r i cade. The f i r e shoul d be st ar t ed bef or e t hepr i mer s ar e pul l ed over i t . When al l pr i mer s have been f i r ed, t hebasket shoul d be pul l ed of f , empt i ed; cool ed, r el oaded, and agai npul l ed over t he f i r e .
f .
The st ack of pr i mer s awai t i ng dest r uct i on wi l l not be al l owedwi t hi n 300 f eet of t he bur ni ng oper at i ons, wad gr eat car e wi l l bet aken t o pr ot ect t he pi l e f r omacci dent al i gni t i on by f l yi ng f r agment sor spar ks, ' ' Thi s st ock wi l l be l i mi t ed t o a day' s suppl y. Ot herappl i cabl e r egul at i ons cont ai ned i n par agr aph 226 wi l l he st r i ct l yobser ved.238, GRENADES.
a.
Gener al . Gr enades may be dest r oyed by bur ni ng or det ona-t i on i n accor dance wi t h t he f ol l owi ng i nst r uct i ons. St r i ct coi npbancc-.wi t h appl i cabl e r egul at i ons of par agr aph 226 i s essent i al f or t hepr ot ect i on of per sonnel and pr oper t y . Dest r uct i on by det onat i onshoul d gener al l y be appl i ed t o hi gh- expl osi ve gr enades, wher easdest r uct i on by bur ni ng i s appl i ed gener al l y t o ot her t ypes of gr enades,
h.
Dest r uct i on I "xy det onat i on . Not mor e t han t went y gr enadesshoul d be pl aced i n a pi t about 4 f eet deep. They shoul d be pi l edso t hat t hey come i n v" e cont act wi t h each ot her , on t op of t hepi l e shoul d be pl aced, i n i nt i mat e cont act , t hr ee ?A- pound TNTbl ocks, one of whi ch i s pr ovi ded wi t h an el ect r i c bl ast i ng cap orC of E speci al bl ast i ng cap f i t t ed wi t h sever al f eet of t i me f use( saf et y f use) .
The gr enades and TNT bl cxks shoul d be cover edwi t h a l ayer of ear t h about 1 f oot t hi ck whi ch i s t amped l i ght l y t oobt ai n t he maxi mum ef f i ci ency of t he TNT bl ocks, and t he pi tshoul d be cover ed as pr escr i bed i n par agr aph 225.
c .
Deet i t r uct i on by bur ni ng.
A pi t 2 f eet squar e by 3 f eet deepf i t t ed l oosel y wi t h an i r on pl at e or heavy boar d cover i s usedGr enades shoul d be put i n t he f i r e one at a t i me. Anot her shoul d
319
TM9- 1900
Pans . 338- 240Dest r uct i on of Ammuni t i on . i n Zone of t he i nt er i or
pot be put i n unt i l t he pr evi ous gr enade i s det onat ed. Car e shoul dbe t aken i n i ni voduci ng oxpl osi ves i nt o t he f i r e, as nor mal act i oncannot bn expect ed under i nt ense heat , The onl y t i me t o i nvest i gat ean unusual del ay i n t he expl osi on of a gr enade i s when t he f i r ehas bur ned out and i l ae pi t i s col d. I nst ead of dr oppi ng gr enadessi ngl y and cover i ng each t i me, an i ncl i n" chut e whi ch i s baf f l ed att he open end may be used,
239. PY1{ ( hr ECHNI CS,a. Gener al * Pyr ot echnh>, except phot of l ash bombs and par H-
chut e f l ar es, wi l l be dest r oyed i n accor dance wi t h t he i nst r uct i onsf or bur ni ng of pr i mer s ( par . 2371) ) , Loose pyr ot echni c mat er i al sshoul d be bur ned under t he ) dame condi t i ons as bl ack powder andt he same pr ecaut i ons shoul d be obser ved ( par . 227a) . Wat er - wetpyr ot echni c mat er i al s may be bur ned i n smal l quant i t i es i n f ur nacesdesi gned f or t hat pur pose and appr oved by t he Chi ef of Or dnance.
h.
Par ocl hut e Rams.
Par achut e f l ar es wi l l he dest r oyed by bur n-i ng i n t he open and i n a ver t i cal posi t i on on t he gr ound_ The i ndi .vi ct ual f l ar es mut t be l ocat ed at l east 4 f eet apar t and pl aced ont op of a l ayer of combust i bl e mat er i al , Af t er l i ght i ng t he t r ai n ofcombust i bl e mat er i al , per sonnel shoul d t ake cover and obser vesaf et y dWt al nces.
e. Yhat of l aeh hamh& Phot of l ash bombs ar e danger ous andshoul d be handl ed wi t h car e. They shoul d be dest r oyed by t he useof TNT bl ocks, si mi l ar t o t he pr ocedur e f or ar t i l l er y shel l ( par _ 229) ,Duds of phot of l ash bombs shoul d not be handl ed or moved butdest r oyed i n pl ace i n accor dance wi t h i nst r uct i ons i n par agr aph 242.Due t o t he t hi nness of t he case, a si ngl e bl ock of TNT i s suf f i ci entt o accompl i sh dest r uct i on, A st r i ct compl i ance wi t h t he appl i cabl er egul at i ons of par agr aph 226 i s essent i al .
NOTE- Dud t o t he br i l l i ance of t he f l ash, i t i s i nj ur i ous t o vi si oni o wat ch t he dest r uct i on of phot of l ash bombs . even at di st ances pr e-scr i bed i n t hi s manual as saf e agai nst f r agment s.
2- 1U. CHEMI CAL 1i uMMl l NI TI ON.a.
I n gener al , gr enades, bombs, and shel l l oaded wi t h chemi calf i l l er shoul d be dest r oyed i n a manner si mi l ar t o t hat pr escr i bed i npar agr aph 229 f or dest r oyi ng ar t i l l er y shel l , Bef or e dest r oyi ngchemi cal ammuni t i on, however , speci al i nst r uct i ons shoul d be obt ai nedf r om t he Chi ef of Or dnance concer ni ng any except i onal hazar ds.When a l eaki ng shel l or component i s l ocat ed, t he i ndi vi dual i n char geof t he magazi ne wi l l be not i f i ed i n or der t hat he may di r ect t hedi sposi t i on of t he shel l . As chemi cal shel l cont ai ns a compar at i vel ysmal l amount of expl osi ves, t he char ge of TNT bl ocks t o be usedf or demol i t i on shoul d be as f ol l ows ;
319
Par s . 244- 241
TM 4- 19DO
Dest r uct i on of Ammuni t i on i n Zone of t ha I r der i or
190- 1b Lxu, th
I r ,
Ll at 4pr ous ci ; mi c») ammuni 00u.{ 1)
I mmedi at el y hazar dous unser vi ceabl e chemi cal amr t uni t i onmay be d
ayed by expl odi ng i n t he open i f a suf f i ci ent l y i sol at edar ea i s avai l abl e .
The poi nt wher e t he shel l i s expl oded shoul d bechosen so t hat f or a per i od of appr oxi mat el y 48 hour s per sonnel canbe excl uded f r omt he ar ea 1 mi l e downwi nd f r omt he poi nt wher e t heshel l i s expl oded.
For a per i od of about 2 weeks, al l per sonnel mi ntbe pr event ed f r om passi ng wi t hi n a di st ance of 150 yar ds f 1Vm t hepoi nt wher e t he shel l i i i expl oded,
Wher e a suf f i ci ent l y i sol at ed ar eai s not avai l abl e, si ngl e unser vi ceabl e gas- f i l l ed shel l may be dest r uyedi n a pi t 6 f eet deep. The shel l wi t h i t s bur st i ng char ge i s pl acedat t he bot t om of t he pi t , t he pi t i s back- f i l l ed, and t he shel l expl oded.Fi ve gal l ons of f r eshl y pr epar ed bl eachi ng sol ut i on shoul d be pour edon t he f i l l , and suf f i ci ent dr y bl each ( chl or i de of l i me) shoul d t henhe scat t er ed over t he f t l l t o cover t he di st ur bed gr ound t o a dept hof 2 i nches .
Aper manent si gn shoul d be pl aced on t he f i l l , pr ohi bi t -i ng di ggi ng i n t he vi ci ni t y,
( 2)
Wher e a suf f i ci ent l y i sol at ed ar ea i s not avai l abl e, chemi calammuni t i on may be dest r oyed by pl aci ng i n a pi t , appr oxi mat el y20 f eet i n di amet er and 4 f eet deep, on t op of a wool l en pl at f or mand sur r ounded by dr y scr ap wood, At -r ange demol i t i on char gesand cover t he ammuni t i on wi t h about 2 f eet of ear t h; t he char ges ar et o he so ar r anged t hat t hey wi l l f unct i on af t er t he scr ap wood hasbeen i gni t ed 8nd t he f i r e has st ai ned headway ; i n t hi s way t he chemi calf i l l er wi l l be bur ned as i t comes f r omt he i t em wi t hout undue con-t ami nat i on of t he sur r oundi ng ar ea. Under nor mal condi t i ons, t hechemi cal f i l l er wi l l bur n cl ean and no shel l f r agment s wi l l l eavet he pi t -
As a mat t er of gener al saf et y, no per sonnel shoul d appr oacht he pi t f or 48 hour s~
241 .
- Ai t i TT' i ANKMI NFS.
I f mar ks on t he mi ne or on t he gr oundi ndi cat e t hat i t has been r un over by a vehi cl e, t he mi ne shoul dbe consi der ed as a dud and shoul d not be handl ed or j ar r ed, andshoul d be dest r oyed i n pl ace by det onat i on wi t h a TNT or ni t r ost ar chbl ock ( par - 242) . Onl y mi nes t hat have not been t amper ed wi t h,handl ed, or di st ur bed i n any manner may have t he saf et y f or kr epl aced and t hen t aken up. The saf et y f or k must be r epl aced
CL. mi cal Shel l ac Compor nW. 0 I A- pound TNT I l ackiQC 11ei " Equl vol ant
5- mnt ahch 4155- mm shr 11 ! iR- i nch E] ' el l I 660- me, and 81- Tr i mmor t ar 24, Z- ; ar h chemi cal nt or t uF s] i cl l . 38- i nch chor ni cal r r j or t a* shcf 4
I
5- 1b bomb t25- , 30- , Knd 50- 16 bomb 2
7M9- 19170
Par s . 241- 242Dest r uct i on of Ammuni t i on i n Zone of t ha I nt er i or
bef or e t he mi ne i s handl ed or t he f uze r emoved. Unser vi ceabl eant i t ank mi nes wi l l be dest r oyed i n t he same manner and wi t h t hesame pr ecaut i ons as bombs ( l am. 229 and 231) .242. TMI GET RANGES.
a.
Ccnur al .
Expl osi ve mi ssi l es whi ch have f ai l ed t o f unct i on af t erf i r i ng ar e t er med " duds_" AR 750- 10 pr escr i bes t hat , af t er f i r i ng ona r ange has been compl et ed and bef or e f r ee access t o i t i s al l owedt o per sonnel i n gener al . t he r ange wi l l be t hor oughl y pol i ced and al lduct s dest r oyed by compet ent per sonnel . Duds of phot of l ash bombsor ai r cr af t f l ar es r el eased dur i ng f l i ght over l and ar eas ot her t hant ar get r anges wi l l be r ecover ed and dest r oyed,
See par agr aph 239.b.
Saf et y pr ecuut i ot uL- Tar get r anges ar e denger ous because off l yi ng mi ssi l es dur i ng t ar get pr act i ce and unexpl oded ammuni t i onwhi ch may r emai n on t he r ange af t er t ar get pr act i ce .
Saf et y pr ecau-t i ons shoul d t her ef or e i ncl ude mean; f or pr event i ng t r espA" upon t het ar get r ange by unaut hor i zed or car el ess per sons and f or r emovi ngf r omt he r ange al l unexpl oded ammuni t i on whi ch bas been f i r ed.
I naddi t i on t o t he saf et y measur es empl oyed at and near t he f i r i ng l i ne,such as r ai l f l ags, mar ker s, or f ences, t he boundar y or t er r ai n whi chi s l i kel y t o r ecei ve mi ssi l es f r om t he f i r i ng l i ne shoul d t * pl acar dedwi t h si gns whi ch i ndi cat e t he danger zone and t hi e hazar ds at t endantupon ent er i ng such zones at speci f i ed t i mes . The si gns shoul d al soemphasi ze t he danger s connect ed wi t h pi cki ng up unexpl oded amr nu-ni t i or l and shoul d pr ohi bi t ei t her t r espass on t he r ange or t he r emovalof souveni r s f r om al vas, under penal t i es pr ovi ded by l aw. Thepl acar di ng of t he t ar get r anges i s a mat t er of publ i c saf et y and mustnever be negl ect ed .
c .
Dest r oyi ng duds,( 1)
The pol i ci ng of a t ar get r ange and saf eguar di ng t he com-mand ar e f unct i ons of t he commandi ng of f i cer . I mmedi at el y af t ert ar get pr act i ce i s compl et ed, t he ent i r e r ange shoul d be car ef ul l ypol i ced f or unexpl oded ammuni t i on, under t he super vi si on of anaut hor i zed i ndi vi dual who i s t hor oughl y f ami l i ar wi t h t he dangomi nci dent t o such oper st i onq. Unexpl oded pr oj ect i l es and ot her com-ponent s of ammuni t i on whi ch have been f i r ed ar e danger ous t o handl eand shoul d not be t ouched or j ar r ed wher e i t i s pr act i cabl e t o dest r oyt hemby t he use of TNT bl ocks . However , unf uzed duds may behandl ed wi t h compar at i ve saf et y .
( 2)
I n t hose r ar e cases i n whi ch i t i s necessar y t o r emove a dudf r om any l ocat i on bef or e dest r cl yi ng i t , al l oper at i ons connect ed wi t ht hi s pr ocedur e shoul d be done ei t her by or under t he di r ect super "vi si on of per sonnel who ar e t hor oughl y f ami l i ar wi t h t he danger s ofsuch an oper at i on and who ar e qual i f i ed t o do t hi s wor k_
{ 3)
To move or r oi l an unexpl oded f i r ed pr oj ect i l e i s t o i nvi t edi sast er , as such an oper at i on may cause movement of t he i nt er nal
Par . 242
TM9- 1904
Dest r uct i on of Ammuni f i cm hi Zone of f he I nt er i or
f uze par t s and may cause t he pr oj ect i l e t o expkt 1o
No at t empt wi l lbe made t o di sassembl e a r ound of unexpl oded ammuni t i on except byper sonnel of t he Or dnance Depar t r nent who sr e speci f i cal l y assi gnedt o such wor k,
( 4) Dudg on t he t ar get r ange, such as unexl ) bat ed pr oj evt des,Fuses, gr enades, ct c . , ca' n usual l y be dest r oyed i n p1Hce wi t h TNT orni t r ost ar ch bl ocky . The dud shoul d be appr oached onl y by kl xpLi r i encedper sonnel and, wi t hout di st ur bi ng t he dud, t he expl osi ve bl ocks car e-f ul l y l ai d i n i nt i mat e cor i t Act wi t h i t _ I f possi bl e, t he bl ocks shoul dbe pl aced on t up of t he dud because t he wave of det onat i on t ends t obe pr opagat ed downwar d. The bl ocks shoul d t hen be car , - f ul l y mud-packed or ear t h- cover ed t o di r ect t he expl v4i ot n t owar d t he dud asmuch as po! sni bl e . For ar t i l l er y shel l , t he number of TNT bl ocks ( oraqui val enl } t o be used shoul d f ol l ow t he t abl e speci f i ed i n par agr aph; 129 t ' , Af t er p4i ci ng t he char ge, t he duel shoul d t hen i >e cover ed wi t hsandbags or ear t h t o l i mi t t he r ange of t he f r agment s .
( 5)
Shel l expl oded on t he Fr ound sur f ace wi t hout an ear t h coverof at l east 2 f eet , may send f r agment s 1, 400 yar ds, and al l wi t hi n t hi sdanger zone wi l l t ake cover when t he char ge i s f i r ed. Per sonnel shoul dnever be wi t hi n 300 f eet of a pr oj ect i l e when i t expl odes, even i fsui t abl e pr ot e+: t i on i s at hand.
The get *Val i nst r uct i ons f or dest r oyi ngduct s on t he t ar get r ange ar e si mi l ar so f ar as possi bl e t o t hose de-scr i bed f or dest r oyi ng ar t i l l er y ammuni t i on { par _ 229) . Duds ofphat ol i ash bombs ar e dest r oyed i n accor dance wi t h t hi s par agr aph andpar agr aph 239. The saf et y pr ecaut i ons i n par agr aph 226 wi l l l i ecar ef ul l y obser ved_
( 6)
Gas shel l s or bombs shoul d be handl ed i n t he same manneras ot her pr oj ect i l es. I - Tol er , or t r enches i n whi ch gas shel l s have beenexpl oded must he f i l l ed or decont ar ni nat ed and gas masks wor n dur i ngt he wont .
Wor k shoul d al ways be done on t he wi ndwar d si de of t hear ea wher e gas shel l s ar e expl oded.
( 7) Dest r uct i on of duds of spot t i ng- char gc assembl i es, f or t he100- pound l ) i ' Act i ce bomb M38A2 ( bl ack powder ) wi l l be accot n-pl i sbi ` d by det onat i on i n pl ace. Thi s can be done by t he use ofder nDl i t i on bl t wl ss or a 15- i nX. h l engt h of pr i mact i or d whi ch i s coi l ed,pl aced can t op of t he. char ge, t aped i n pl ace, and det onat ed wi t h abl ast i ng cap, Dest r ut i on of i ndi vi dual unser vi ceabl e spet t i ng char gesof t hi s t ype can r eadi l y be accompl i shed by wi ndi ng a 20- i nch l engt hof pr i mecor d t wi ce ar ound t he char ge, t api ng i t i n pmi t i on, andi ni t i at i ng det onat l ml by means of a bl ast i ng cap as above.
( 8) Af t er t he dest r uct i on of duds has been compl et ed, t heof f i cer i n char ge of t he wor k wi l l per sonal l y super i nt end a t hor oughsear ch of t he ar ea t o i nsur e t hat no duds have been over l ooked.
( 9) Addi t i onal i nf or mat i on on dest r uct i on of unexpl oded l ar o-j ect i l es and bombs may be f ound i n FM9- 44 and FM5- 25,
322
TM9- 1900
Par s. 243- 244
CHAPTER S
REFERENCES
293. PUBI , I CA' r i ONS TNDJ. XES, The f ol l owi ng publ i cat i pr , s i n-dexes sht Kf l d be cr ynsul t ed f r equent l y f or l at est changes or r evi si onsof r ef er ences gi ven i n t hi s chapt er and f or new publ i cat i ons r el at i ngt o mat er i el cover ed i n t hi s manu; d ;
v . I nt r oduct i QT7 t o Or dnance Cat al og ( expl ai ni ngSNL syst em)
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ask' Cat , ORD Il l .
01- dnance SUPl j l y Cat al og Thdex . . . . . . . . . . . ASF CHt . ORD 2r . Or dnance Maj or I t ems mi d Combi nal i ons, and
Per t i nent Publ i cat i ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WDSB 9- 1r l .
Li st and I ndex of War Depar t ment Publ i cat i r ) ns FM21- 6e.
Li st of War Depat t i neut Fi l nvX, Fi l mSt r i ps, andRecogni t i on Fi l m Sl i des . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . FM21- 7
1' .
Mi l i t ar y Tr ai ni ng Ai ds . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . FM21- 8g.
I ndex l o Bombi ng Tabl es ( l i , ; t i ng cur r ent bomb-i ng t abl es f or bombs, cl ust er s, anr t l l ur es) . . . . . . I i l t j ex t o BT' s
244. STANDARD NOMENCLATURE LI STS. T
a.
Ar nmuni t i an f or t onwnl l ar ms .Ament i ni t i un. r evol ver , eut omal i c pi st oI , And sub.
machi ne guns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ASP Cat , ORD 11 SNI . ' I ` - 2Ammuni t i on, r i f l e, car bi ne, and aut omat i c gun
ASP Cat . ORD 11 SNL T- 1Ammuni t i on, smal l - ar ms, obsol et e and nonst and,
and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . ASF Cat ORD 11 SNL T- 6Mi scel l aneous ser vi ce component s of i mNI " r ms
ar t 1MUr l i t i on abd i nst r uct i on mat ( - r i al f or Fi el dSer vi ce Account
ASP Cal , O12D 11 SNL T- 4Packi ng mat er i al s used by Fi el d Ser vi ce f or
smal l - ar ms ser vi co ani r mi nl t l onASF Cat , ORD 11 SNL T- 5
f hr mbs, gr enades, pyr ot echni cs, Anr l r ocket s.Ammuni t i on i nst r uct i on mal ar i al f or gr enar l es,
pyr ot echni r q, end ai r cr af t bombsASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL S- 6
Bombs, ai r cr af t , al l t ypes . . . .
ASP Cat . ORD 11 S L S- 1*An up- t odat e hal i ng of r usr r nt St Xdar d Namcoal at or p L: l s i s mr , l nt ai ned i n AbF :. * t.
ORU 2 .
323
Par . 244
TM9- 1900Ref er ences
Fi nes and mi scel l aneous expl osi ve component sf or ai r cr af t bombs . . . . . . . . . .
ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL S- ?Fi n asst - mbl i es and mi scel l aneous i ner t compo-
nent s f or ai r cr af t bombs .
ASF Cot , ORD 11 SNL S- 3Gr enades, hand and r i f l e, send f usi ng coznponent o
ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL S- 4Pyr ot echni cs, mi l i t ar y, al l t ypes
ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL S- 5Rocket s, al l t ypes, ant i component s
ASP Cat . ORD 11 SNL S- 9Tor pedoes and mi nes . . .
. . . . . . ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL S- 1r . Cl eani ng, pr eser vi ng, and l ubr i cat i ng mat er i al s ;
r ecoi l f l ui ds, speci al oi l s, and mi scel l aneousr el at ed i t ems . . . . . . . . . . .
ASF Cat . ORD 5 SNI " K- 1
el . Ammuni t on f ar aui i ai r cr uf l , har hur def ense, heavy f i el d,and r ai l wi t y ar t i l l er y-
Ammuni t i on, f i xed, i ncl udi ng , i ubcal i ber ar nmu-ni t i on f or har bor def ense. heavy hel d, andr ai l way ar t i l l er y . . . .
. . . . ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL P- 6Ammuni t i on f or ant i ai r cr af t ar t i l l er y
ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL P- 5Ar nmani t i on nest r uct i on mat er i al f or ant i ai r cr af t ,
har bor def ense, heavy f i el d and r ai l way ar t i l -l er y, i ncl udi ng compl et e r ound dat a
ASF Cat . ORD 11. SNL P- 8Ammuni t i on. obsol et e and nonst andar d, f or
har bor def ense, heavy f i el d, al t i d r ai l way ar -t i l l er y .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . ASP Cat ORD 11 SNL l a- 9Char ges, pr opel l i ng, separ at e- l oadi ng, G- i r 3, t o
240- mm i ncl usi ve, f or har bor def ense, heavyf i e. I r 1, and r ai l way ar t i l l er y . .
ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL P- 2Char ges, pr opel l i ng, separ at e l oadi ng, 10- i n, t o
1G- i n, i ncl usi ve. f or har bor def ense, and r ai lway ar t i l l er y. -
. . . . . . .
.
.
. . . . ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL P- 4Fuzes . pr i mer s. bl ank ammuni t i on, and i ni scel -
l aneovs i t ems f or ant i ai r cr af t , har bor def ense,heavy f i el d, and r oi i way ar t i l l er y
ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL P- ' 7Packi ng mat er i al s used by f i el d ser vi ce f or ant i -
ai r cr af t , har bor def ense, heavy f i el d, and r gi l -way ar t i l l er y ser vi ce ammuni t i on
ASF Cat , ORD
11 SNL P- 10424
TM 4- 1900
Par . 244
t ank,
Ref er ences
Pr oj ect i l e, separ at e- l oadi ng, 6- i r . t o 240- mm i n-cl usi ve . . . . . . . . . . .
ASF Cat . OI 2D 11 SNL F- 1Pr oj ect i l e, separ at e- l oadi ng, 10- i n, t o 16- i n- i n-
cl usi ve . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
, . . . . ASF Cat _ ORD 11 SNL P- 3
t " . . Ar r 111LI i ni t l un f or par k, l i ght ant l medi um f i el d, ai r cr af t ,and ant i t ank ar t i l l er y .Ammuni t i on, bl ank . . . . .
ASP Cat . ORD 11 SNL R- 5Ar nr nuni t i on, f i xed and semi f i xed, al l t ypes
ASF Cat , OI 2D 11 SNL R- 1Ammuni t i on i nst r uct i on mat er i al s
ASF Cat ORD 11 SNL R- 6Ammuni t i on, t nor i ar , i ncl udi ng f uzes, pr opel l i ng
char ges and ot her component sASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL R- 4
Ammuni t i on, obsol et e and nnast wl dar dASF Cat . ORT) 11 SNL R- 8
Lxnd mi nes and f uzes . demol i t i on mat er i al , andammuni t i on f ur yi r Tl ul at ed ar t i l l er y and . gr e-nade f i r e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL R- 7
Packi ng I nat or i o- l l s used by f i el d ser vi ceASF Cnt , ORD I 1 SNL R- 10
Pr oj cr i des xnd pr opel l i ng char ges, separ at el oadi ng, f or medi um f i c! l d Hr t i l l er y, i ncl udi ngcompl et e r ound Js9t a. . . . . . . . . ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL R- 2
Ser vi ce f uzes and pr i mer s
.
ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL 123
f .
Tool s " 1111 Hu1x1Fl i es .Ammuni t i on sur vei l l ance, i e, 4l i ng, and i nspect i on
nqui pl t wyt t and suppl i es_ . . ASF Cat ORD 5 SNL 1V- 10Gener al t ool s and suppl i es f or or dnance al t i t t nu-
ni t i on company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ASP Cal . ORD 10 SNL N- 17Tool s and suppl i es f or or dnance ammuni l i ( l n r e-
novat i on pl at oon
.
. ASF Cut . ORD 10 SNL N- 5000ATool s end t ool set s f or or dnance 1>on, h di sposal
quad ( separ at e)
ASP Cat . ORD 10 SNL N- 500EB
Ot her ser vi ees-Chemi ct d War f ar e Ser vi ce Suppl y Cat al og. Li st
of I t ems f or Tr oop I ssue . . .
. . .
ASF Cat . CW3Engi neer Suppl y Cet el og_ St ack Li st of Al l
a. Rc" ul al i ons .Adn1111i St FOt l ' j T1 . , post s, campq, and st at i on; . . . . AR 210- 10Fi r f ' gr ot ect i an e1t d f i r e f t i ght i Tng . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AR 30- 1580Honor s t o per sons
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AR 600- 30Li st of cur r ent pamphl et s Hn+l changes : di s1r i hu-
t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AR 1- 10Lost . dest r oyed, dar nAged, or unser vi ceabl e pr op-
AR 35- 6640pr ecaut i ons i n hnadl i ng gawl i nw . . . . . . _ . . . . . , . . AR 850- 20Qual i f i cat i ons i n ar ms and ei nr nuni t i on ( r ei ni ng
al l awenceg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . .Range r egul at i ons f or f i r i ng ammuni t i on f or
t r ai ni ng at 3d t er get pr act i ce
. . . . . . .Sal ut es and Cer emoni es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ,Suppl i es, st or age and i ssue . . . . . . . . . . .Tr anspor t at i on by commer ci al means : gener alTr anspor t at i on by wat er of nxpl osi ves, i nf l am-
Tnshl es . and chemi cal Nvar f ar e mat er i al s . . . . . . .Tr anspor t at i on of publ i c pr oper t y ( except ani -
mal s) and r emai ns . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l r . Ammuni t i on, H11 I vpes .
Ammuni t i on :
Gener al
. . .
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . .WDSSAn-i muni t i or s Suppl y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ai r i mut i i t i on : Suppl y wi t hi n Cont i nent al Uni t ed
St at e: . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . WDSSAmmuni t i on Condi t i on Repor t . . .
O_O. For mAmmuni t i on I dent i f i cat i on Code ( AI C) WD513Appl i cat i on of Suspensi ons and Rel eases on
Ar nmuni 6on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WDSSAr t i l l er y Ammuni t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Compl et e Round Char t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0, 0. For mDecont ami nat i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .Decont ami nat i on of Ar mor ed For ce Vehi cl es . . .Def ense Agai nst Chemi cal At t ack . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .Expl osi ves and Demol i t i ons . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .Fi r st Ai d f or Sol di er s . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . .I dent i f i cat i on of ammuni t i on l ot number pr e-
f i xes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I nspect i on Gui de, Ammuni t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I nspect i on of Pr opc11i ng Char ges t end l 3Ti l kPowder
. . . . . . . . . . . . . WDSB 9- AMM7I ] t i spct: t i on of Or dnance Mat er i el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TM9- 1100Magazi ne pl acar d
0. 0, For mNo. 5991Mi l i t ar y Cl l er ni st r y aci d Chemi cal Agent s . . . . . . . . TM3- 215Mi l i t ar y Expl oi Xi ves .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TM9- 2900Mi l i t ar y Sani t at i un and Fi r st Ai d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FM' I , 1- 10Mi scel l aneous Chemi cal Muni t i ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TI 41 . 1- 300Ani f nuni l i an: Nct Pr i ces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WDSB 9- AMM 3Or d: i ar i ce Anki nui t i t i on Company, Or dnance Am-
muni t i on Bat t al i on
FM9- 20Or dnance Company, Depot . . . . . . . .
, . FM9. 2. 5Or dnance Fi el d Mai nt enance . . . . . . . . . .
. . FI VI 9- 10Or dnance Ser vi ce i n t he Fi el d. . . . .
YRI I 9- 5Or dnance Saf et y Manual . . . . . . . .
. . . . TM1- 409Ai r cr af t 13umbs and Bnmh Componr ut s . .
OFSB 3- 8Ammuni t i on : Ant i ai r cr af t , Heavy Fi el d, Sea-
coast , and RHi l wHy Ar t i l l er y . . . . .
. . . . OFSB 3- 2Bombs f ar Ai r cr af t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TI f I 9- 1980Coast Ar t i l l er y Ammuni t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TM4- 205Cont r ol l ed Submar i ne Mi ne Mat er i el . . . . . . . . . . . TM4- 220Cor ps of Engi neer s Ref er ence Dat a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FM 5- 35Fi el d Ar t i l l er y and Fi el d Mor t ar Ar nmur dt i on
Ql ' SB 3- 3Fi el d Ar t i l l er y Tr ai ner , M3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TM6- 225Gr enades . Hand and Ri f l e
.
TM9- 1085Hand and Ri f l e Gr enades, RUt X. ket , AT, HE,
TM3- 330I nst r uct i ons f or Use of Rocket Tar get , MX by
Ant i ai r cr af t T) ni t s
. . .
. . . . . TM4- 136327
Par . 245
Ref er ences
I nst r uct i on Gui de, Smal l Ar ms Acci dent s, Mal -
. . . . .. . . . .
. . . . .Pyr ot echni c Pr oj ect or s, Al l Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Repai r of Submar i ne Mi ne Cases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. 5- i n- Ai r cr af t Racket Mat er i el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Si gnal Communi cat i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Si gnal Cvmr nuni cat i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Smal l - Ai , i ns Ammuni t i on . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Smal l - Anne Ammuni t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WDSBSmal l Ar ms. Li ght Fi el d Mor t ar s, al %d 20- mm
Ai TCTAN. Guns .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .St andar d Ar t i l l er y and Fi r e Cont r ol Mat er i el . . .
Cl eani ng, t an" er vi ug, and l ahr i eat i ug mat er i al s.
Cl eani ng, Pr eser vi ng, Seal i ng, Lubr i cat i ng andRel at ed Mat er i al s I ssued f or Or dnance Ma-t er i el
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
.
. .
. .
. . .
. .
. .
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.
.
. . TM9- 850
Sol vent : dr y cl eani ng . . . . . Feder al Speci f i cat i on 1P- S- 661 a
e. Tr anHpor t at i on.
Expl osi ves or ot her danger ous ar t i cl es on boar d
TM9- 1900
TM9- 2200TM9- 2300
vessel s . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U. S. Dept , of Commer ceRegul at i ons f or t r anspor t at i on of expl osi ves and
ot her danger ous ar t i cl es by l end and wat eri n r ai l Fr ei ght , expr ess, and baggage ser vi ces,and by mot or vehi cl e ( hi ghway) and wat er
I nt er st at e Commer ce Commi ssi on
Met hods f or l oadi ng and sl ayi ng car l oad andl ess t han car l oad shi pment s of expl osi ves andot her danger ous ar t i cl es ( Pamphl et No. 6)
Bur eau of Expl osi ves30 Vesey St r eet , New Yor k Ci t y
321
f unct i ons and Thei r Causes .Land Mi nes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
Land Mi nes and Rwhy Tr apsmi l i t ar y Pyr ot echni cs . . . . . . .Mi l i t ar y Pyr ot echni cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60- mr a Mor t ar M2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81- mmMor t ar M1 . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TM 9- 1900
Par . 245Ref er ences
Met hods f or l oadi ng and br a6ng car l oad andl ess t han car l oad shi pment s of l oaded pr oj ec-t i l es ; l or ded bombs, et c, { Pamphl et No. 6A)
Bur eau of Expl osi ves30 Vr - sey St r eet , NewYor k Ci t y
Mot or car r i er saf et y r egul at i ons ( Per t 7) t r ans-por t at i on of expl osi ves and ot her danger ousar t i cl es
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I nt er st at e Commer ce Commi ssi onI . C. C. Fr ei ght Tar i f f No. 3 . . . I T) t ef st at e Commer ce Commi ssi onLC. C. Fr ei ght Tar i f f No. 4 . .
I nt er st at e Commer ce Commi ssi onI nt er st at e Comt nel ' ce Commi ssi on r egul at i ons f or
t r anspor t at i on of expl o3i ves and ot her dangerous ar t i cl es by f r ei ght . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bur eau of Expl osi ves
30 V" ey St r eet , New Yor k Ci t yRegul at i ons gover ni ng t r anspor t at i on of mi l i t ar y
expl osi ves on boar d vessel s dur i ng pr esentemKr gt Xncy
.
.
.
.
. . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
U. S. Coast Guar dl Regul al i at t s f or t he secur i t y of vessel s i n
por t . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
.
V. S. Coast Guar dSt andar d speci f i cat i on f or mar ki ng shi pment s by
cant r act ur s
. U. S. Ar my Speci f i cat i on No. 104- 2ETr anspor t at i on i n t ho Zone of t he I nt er i or . . . . . TM55- 205
f . Fi r e- f i ght i ng .Cr osby "Fi ske- For . i t er Handbook of Fl r o Pr ot ec-
t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not i onal Fi r e Pr ot ect i on Associ at i onFi r e- f i ght i ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul i n J . McCar t hy . Asst _,
Chi ef of Dept . i n Command, N. Y. Fi r e DeVt .Fi r e Pr ot ect i on by Tr oop Or gani zat i ons i n
Tl i cat ei s of Oper at i ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FM 5- 315I ndust r i al Fi r e Br i gades. 1st Edi t i on
Nat i onal Fi r e Pr ot ect i on Associ at i onSuggest i ons f ar Fi r e Fi ght i ng and Fi r e Ext i n-
gui shment . . .
. . . Navy Dept _ Bur eau of Yar ds and Docksmi r wel l s" cous .Abhr evi at ed Fi r i ng Tabl es . .
, . . . . . . . . TM6- 215Gr aphi cal Fi r i ng Tabl es
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . TM9- 526Di ct i onar y of Uni t es! St at es Ar my Ter ms . . . . . . . TM 20- 2115Bomb Racks, TowTar get Equi pment , and Fl ar e
Racks
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . TM1- 500Tact i t - s of Chemi cal War f ar e. . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
FM3- 5Chemi cal War f ar e Ser vi ce : Suppl y and Fi el d
. 32 i 1I mcki nk and mar ki ng . . . . . . . . . 198
A1' n3or - pi t i i ei ng aenr r ur i i t i on . . . . . . . . . ; i qXAr mor - r , i t r ci ng bambs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13f i
Bal l car t r i dge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CI O
f i r i ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i 248Bl i st er gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5013100( 1 a1Lt ndr Vo I i Ui EVn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
51
mar k OE enndx". l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .
Mel nci ; 3l % V%t J i n dr 3" T00nk4. . . . . . .
p3cki 11q 3ni l cn ; kr l ci ng . . . 121,I t ni r t t ui g . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9307263
6
LaangaLocc Xor pcdocs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B3r r i t t adn3, Hgl ci l cni r nt f i r . . . . . .P. I nck l i oWdr r ( S . PowdCC, b) ack)Bl ank ammuni t i on
204
293
l or i e, r i t y of i ssue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 t - ur r. , l 5Rnr l l i ng, hr i ! xf : cvl l i i i n 120 . 304
pr ot ect i on ( sms11- 3OWN) . . . . . . . . . . . , 299 r ol abi uat i on st or age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
r r nocel i ni l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . 290 campl et C TOl l r cd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117dcat r uct i an . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314st nr agc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Bl enk car t r i dgr at ct r yt ol - Ll 1cd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315dcscr i pi i nr l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
cl assi f i cat i on and i dr nt i f i cRt i { , n . . , 3code symbol s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. . . . .combi nat i on st or age of ammuni -
Ar mi i r . yi Gr l - i ut < l ar t r i t i p, C ( S( cfcar t r i d&ea)
Ar l i l l er y MMUnt i ni ki ont i on and expl osi ves . . . . . . . . . . 249 cl Nxsi Ecat i on and i dcnt i l i cat i on . . 95
dr sr mcki on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 . af 16 Compl et e Round% ( f i xed and semi -L1, l 1t t pi ng 3t sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30' f i xc` d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
dr 3r t r r t i : i i nn Ri f - , hr i 15 313i i r c hazar d gr oups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .di f t i cul ci cs i n l nal ui g or eAl r act -gcncr 3l di sr ccsxi on of smsL1- ar ms S4 i ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , I . . . . . . . . . . . 301
gr adi ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r xer ni nat i on, packi ng, nr i d hl aC-guar d pi o1cct i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 i n1; . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299i nx Fsnct i r yn nr i kr l r er . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
B - Cant d-
Bor nbscombi nat i on st r r r ahe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .descr i pt i on
chcmi csl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141cr pl osi vc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . , . . 135] ncent l i Hr y . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . 151pr act i o6 and dr i l l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153pyr 4, l r r i r ni r and t ar get - i dent i -
RCwt i nn . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . , . . . 15 . 1dO. st , ut l i n . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . , 315Ecucr al di *ct j wxi us, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131i dent i f i cat i on an+i r l assi f caLi go . . 133i nspL: ct i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2S8pai nt i ng ar , d mar ki ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bj , r r GU1r 1i i mx f ur [ 33- Ur l i eC f i r kTLg . . . . 3( 15xl zsr : XaF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257( - S- s1so Phut oHash bnr r l xs}
1300St Cr sdCECr i pt i i , n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111et t 1r al Kc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . , . I . i R
Bour r cl ct , dt f i i t i l m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l nl
Bsor r i bcnzyl cyan, de ( BBC) . . . , . . . . . . . . 521Svl l r t s, t l t wr i pl i i i f l , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54FSi l r At cr 4
combi nat i on st or age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .d4XSXL . r i pt i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cani st er , gl escr i p1i of t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cni [ r i dge case . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . , . .
. . , . . . . . . . .
60Car l r i Mar s
cr i m1, i na6o, sl or oge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249dc' or r i ] >r i nn
KMi pr - [ r i dr ci r LK; hal l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64ar r nr n- hi nn, X. i ng i nC¬ndi ar y ;
Kr mr r c- pi r r c" ng- 6l r eci Cl i 3r y-t r act r
CI 1r. 311i r af agr nt sd[ s ¬Yi pt i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .dcl i ni t i on and cl assi l i ¬at i on . . . . . . .
ChcMi - S] ai ur nuni t i onr - r l mhi nat i oi i st or age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .di . 9t I I Ji - Li on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i 1Ap¬cI i 0o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Pai r Oi ug : 21{ i r oaskul g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .] r r r r aai i or bs Ct i r I nact i cc r ui ng. . . .Nt 41r " Kv.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258,Chemi cal r ocket s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C. hl 03sr r t Ophenonr ( Cl t i ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .L' hl nr i r i r . ( Cl ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chl or pi cr i n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,Choki ng gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Combi nat i on st t , r ugr cl u) r t . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Composi t i on A- A- 2, Hod A- 3 . . . . . . . . .composi t i on B . . .
Gr enade Car t r i dke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . 66
Gr ewi dr pmj e. t ai on : r dAl ar r
CPr r Pr t r l l , X, C( I 1di nr t ; i n hanal l i nr i
f i r e- l i ght i ng . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 214 i dent i f i cat i on Land pecki ng . . . 83f i r . pr cvcnt i on r a: KUl l +t i , mx . . . . . . . . . . 216 descr i pt i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82f r ont f i r es i nvol vi ng r . xl , l r nXi vr x . . 220 Gr enades: dr r 31i f i eat i an of ma. r azi nr a . . . 221 i l r I f r i l i l i r m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . 75
Fi r i ng, pr ac : i cc . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 dest r uct i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Pi r i nK i l i 1s) Ugl i ; 7CCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 i i t spcX- t i aXn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Fi xasd dml r I t nl t i i l l t t 73f c3i i t i - i 5 f or JI r at l i ce f ar i ng. . . . . 104
i nq, r ct i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1155 11Sr t and f uzi nst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76mi %f i r r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 C: , i i i nd xi pSa15 ( Ser. Ri gr t Ul x)
st or age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251, 256 Cr uar d car t r i dges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Fl ar es, descr i pt i on Guncot t on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Fl ash si gnal s ( See Si enal s)Hexachl omt hanv- xi ne mi xt ur e . . . . . . . 52
Fi agr m. r oat i r m bombs Hi gh expl osi ve ( Soe Expl osl vr x,ce, r nbi ni +t i on st or uge . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 hi Kh)descr i pt i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1315 Hi os t , r t ` Xsur t 1r xt Car f r l l [ KC . . . . . . . . q2
Fv' . Sr r , r r t l , M12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Hydr ocyani c aci d ( AC) . . . . . . . . . . . - - . . . . . 51
E Pwaq Faga
Ednat ol . char uX- t r r i 5t i r. . and use . . . . . . 44 l 3 uzr x
Expl osi vr n car e, handl i nx, and l t r t sEr cat i or i 303
char uct t : r i St i c% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 r f ami r i r at i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
ITl l uni ui : Lt i np XheXi i s . . . . , . , . . . 105, 177
ALi r as ( Si r Aer i al mi nes and Landt t l i r t r ; )
Mor t ar amamni t i oncomhi nar i on st ompc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251descr i pt i on at t i l r 1aaai f i cat i on . . . . .
%5dcst r ucl i ar i
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315pr ecaki l i onr f i r pr act i ce Car i ng . . . . . i nspr ui cc6on. pr ccaut i ans i r & l i ancJ-
l i ng, t ) ar ki r nk and mar ki ng. . . . 42
7dat or 1r n<- k %hi pni cnt s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279I VLLI l i l t l c Jal t nCf l er s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1"
r l r. 5t r ut ' t i ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315i dent i f i cat i on and component s. . . . 1961 . . Cki i ( an, l el r i p3, i " V . . . . . , . . 193Pr ecaut i ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190at 4j r RRC . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251, 260
5
Saf et y pr ecaut i ons i n dest r oyi ngammuni t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3011
$af r l y r e ul ; r t i t ms , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293r t f . L?, 7i r f r ' , ' Rr et okr r , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ao-
. . . .: cahng
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368Sr nt i . a, nu, r . l X; cr xi nx bombs . . . . . . . . . . 136SC17l i f i kCd u- ni r ni t i on
Smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on st or age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
dest r uct i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Toi r yt ol , char act er i st i cs ar ul use. . . . 43f i r e haxar +13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Tct r yt ol - f i l l ed 4TTLr oani t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . 315KYPf l el j C9. r P at nd } 7r nCaut i OAI s i n Ti t ani um t et r g. Cl i l or i de ( FM) . . . . . . . . 5?
handl i ng . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67TNT ( t r i ni t r ot ol a*ne)i dent i f i cat i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
i Mal wxt i on .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286,par ki ng and mar ki ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29769
char act er i st i cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .dest r uct i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .exudat i on, det onat i on, and use . ,
3431l
4Dpr ecaut i ons i n f i r i ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 i wspecl i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289vr nt cct i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299