Title of Presentation - CRIBE · $54 B market in in 2017 projected to grow 5.9% annually Adhesives (CLT, Metals, Plastics, etc) Coatings (Cabinet, wood flooring, and industrial) Elastomers

Mojgan Nejad

Assistant Professor, Michigan State University

Professor (status only) Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Toronto

CRIBE Meeting, Toronto December 5th , 2018

• Different Sources: Hardwood, Softwood, Corn Stover, Wheat Straw, Miscanthus

• Isolation Processes: Kraft (Lignoboost & Lignoforce), Sulfite, Soda, Organosolv, Ionic

liquid and Enzymatic Hydrolysis from all over the world

Chemical analysis: FTIR, 31P NMR, 13C NMR, 1H NMR, 2D-NMR, in some cases ToF-SIMS

Thermal analysis: Glass transition temperature (Tg) using DSC, Thermal stability (TGA)

Molecular size: Molecular weight (Mw), molecular number (Mn) and PDI using GPC

(analyzing acetylated lignin)

Moisture content: Gravimetrically and TGA

Ash content: Furnace at 525°C for 4 hrs

Elemental analysis: Percentage of C, H, N, S, Na, K and O

Morphology analysis: Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

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Glazer, A. W., and Nikaido, H. (1995)

Phenolic Adhesive

$11.3 B in 2016 projected to grow to

$15.01 by 2021

Plywood

OSB

Carboxylic acidAliphatic OH

Condensed Phenolic

Guaiacyl

Hydroxy-Phenyl

Syringyl

Internal Standard

Sample ID

Phenolic Acids (mg/g) Hydroxyl Content (mmol/g)

p-Coumaric

acid

Ferulic

acidSyringyl Guaiacyl

p-hydroxy

phenyl

Condensed

Phenolic

Total

Phenolic

L1- Kr-HW N/A N/A 2.40 1.00 0.21 0.55 4.16

L2- EH-CS 33 (2) 6.2 (0.7) 0.51 0.68 0.81 0.20 2.2

L3- Kr-SW N/A N/A 0.28 1.92 0.24 0.57 3.01

L4- OS-SW N/A N/A 0.37 1.50 0.16 0.36 2.39

L5- OS-HW N/A N/A 1.55 0.89 0.17 0.44 3.05

L6- Ls-SW N/A N/A 0.07 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.16

L7- OS-CS N/A N/A 0.35 0.60 0.14 0.14 1.23

L8- Kr-SW N/A N/A 0.56 2.18 0.25 0.87 3.86

L9- So-WS 1 (0.1) 1.2 (0.1) 1.27 1.01 0.27 0.50 3.05

Note: SW=Softwood, HW=Hardwood, CS=Corn Stover, WS=Wheat Straw

Kr=kraft, Ls=Lignosulfonate EH=Enzymatic Hydrolysis, OS=organosolv, So=Soda

Note: SW=Softwood, HW=Hardwood, CS=Corn Stover, WS=Wheat Straw

Kr=kraft, EH=Enzymatic Hydrolysis, OS=organosolv, So=Soda

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Glazer, A. W., and Nikaido, H. (1995)

Polyurethanes

$54 B market in in 2017 projected to grow

5.9% annually

Adhesives (CLT, Metals, Plastics, etc)

Coatings (Cabinet, wood flooring, and

industrial)

Elastomers

Foams (Rigid and Flexible)

ID Lignin SourceExtraction Method

%Ash

%Na

%K

Hydroxyl Content , 31P NMR Data (mM/g) Molar Mass (g/mole)

R-OH S G H COOH Total OH Mn Mw PDI

1 Softwood Kraft 4.3 0.82 0.094 2.38 0.0 1.92 0.24 0.38 5.77 2002 7998 3.99

2 Softwood Organosolv 0.4 0.01 0.004 1.31 0.0 1.5 0.16 0.42 4.12 1433 5758 4.02

3 Hardwood Organosolv 0.1 0.01 0.001 1.49 1.55 0.89 0.17 0.34 4.88 1555 4089 2.63

4 Softwood Kraft 1.92 0. 53 0.064 2 0.0 2.18 0.25 0.57 6.43 2211 8022 3.63

5 Wheat Straw Soda 1.8 0.11 0.044 1.48 1.27 1.01 0.27 0.93 5.46 1607 4458 2.77

6 Hardwood Kraft 1.1 0.2 0.044 1.19 2.4 1 0.21 0.62 5.97 1311 3100 2.36

7 Softwood Kraft 0.5 0.14 0.042 2.38 0.0 2.46 0.33 0.45 7.29 1748 7126 4.1

8 Hardwood Kraft 1.4 0.39 0.005 2.82 1.45 0.68 0.08 0.42 5.87 2676 12554 4.7

9 Hardwood Organosolv 0.4 0.04 0.042 1.88 1.41 0.93 0.15 0.26 5.52 1772 8202 4.6

10 Softwood Kraft 0.5 0.06 0.015 2.18 0.0 2.13 0.19 0.5 6.21 2097 8516 4.1

11 Softwood Kraft 0.6 0.15 0.016 2.2 0.0 2.45 0.31 0.39 6.84 1864 7172 3.8

We are focusing on formulating PU rigid foam for insulation application.

0% 10% 30% 50% 70% 90%

Replaced 100% of petroleum-based polyol with lignin

High-solid

Zero VOC

Stable prepolymer (3-months with no change in viscosity)

Contains more than 50% lignin (on weight basis)

Can be cured at room temperature

Adhesive Failure

Wood Failure

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Lignin can replace bisphenol-A in formulation of Epoxy resin and used as curing agent.

Advanced Biochemicals a branch of Asahi Glass in Japan is producing biobased ECH

$7.52 B market in in 2015 projected

to grow to $9.96 B by 2020

Coatings, adhesive, composite and foam

Automotive, construction, wind energy,

aerospace

Composite

Lignin

Lignin as raw materials in polymeric resins

Filler

UV-Stabilizer

Radical Scavenger

Flame Retardant

Antimicrobial

Rheology Modifier

CoatingFoam

AdhesiveElastomer

Choosing the right coating for CLT

Improving performance of CLT

Finding the suitable adhesive for

borate-treated CLT

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