Title IX Spread

SPORTSFriday, October 12, 2012 B1

PIPE DREAM

No person in the United

States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from

participation in, be denied the benefits of, or

be subjected to discrimination

under any education program or activity receiving

federal assistance...”

—Title IX of the Education Amendments Act

June 23, 1972

“

40 YEARS OF CHANGE

SEE THE SPECIAL REPORT, PAGES B2 - B3

Men's soccer suffers first AE loss of season

The Binghamton University men’s soccer team’s undefeated start to its America East campaign came to an end on Wednesday night as the Bearcats were edged by defending conference champion Stony Brook University, 2-1.

Binghamton head coach Paul Marco said his team entered the match fully prepared, adding that the game plan worked. The Seawolves (8-3-1, 2-1 America East), however, capitalized.

“You can see that we were the better team today,” he said. “Overall, I am proud of the guys’ performance but disappointed in the outcome, and [there is] a really empty feeling inside right now because I thought our guys deserved more than what we got today.”

The Bearcats (6-6, 2-1 America East) started the game as the more dominant team and put the Seawolves’ defense under constant pressure.

In the 10th minute, BU sophomore forward Steven Celeste hit the post with a quick shot from senior midfielder Adam Whitehead’s lob pass. Binghamton took the lead four minutes later as a floating cross from the left flank by junior back Kevin Bunce found junior midfielder Tommy Moon in the middle of the box. Moon then flicked the ball on with his head, guiding it into the bottom right corner of the goal.

The Bearcats kept up their attacking style of play after the goal. Attempts from senior forward Jake Keegan, sophomore back Derrick Ladeairous and Whitehead were all thwarted by Seawolves senior goalkeeper Stefan Manz.

But the Bearcats didn’t convert, and Stony Brook equalized the score in the 41st minute, when senior forward Raphael

Abreu headed home a freekick delivery from near the left corner flag.

“Stony Brook is good on set pieces,” Marco said. “But we should have done two things. One, I don’t think we should have fouled the player. His back is to the field and he is facing the corner flag. And then we were not ready to defend the set piece. And to Stony Brook’s credit, they took us apart. That was the only disappointing moment I [had] in the entire first half.”

The Bearcats came out of the locker room determined to regain control of the game, but a pivotal moment in the 56th minute halted their plans. Whitehead was involved in a controversial incident as he was red carded for kicking out at Stony Brook senior midfielder Berian Gobeil following a challenge from the Stony Brook player that went unpunished.

“If you give the referee [a chance] to call something, he can,” Marco said. “From what I saw, I saw one of their players come right through our player off the ball. Everybody saw it except for the three guys that had the flag and the whistle. The ref saw it differently. He saw [Whitehead] retaliate while he was on the ground, but there is a reason why [he] was on the ground.”

The Seawolves made full use of their numerical advantage and scored again in the 72nd minute. Some nice play on the right between Stony Brook freshman midfielder Martin Giordano and senior defenseman Antonio Crespi opened up the BU defense and sent Gobeil clear on goal. His shot crept under the body of onrushing freshman goalkeeper Stefano Frantellizzi and found the back of the net.

With two minutes to go, Celeste had the chance to tie the game and push it into overtime. But his shot was saved by Manz, and Stony Brook held on to hand BU its first conference loss of the season.

“After the red card I thought our guys did quite well,” Marco said. “[I’m] very proud of the way they performed. We still kept attacking. We had moments to tie the game, and we even had moments to win the game before we conceded the goal.”

The Bearcats are set to host The University of Vermont in the homecoming game on Saturday. After a 0-0 tie with Boston University on Wednesday, the Catamounts (5-4-3, 2-0 America East) are the conference’s last remaining unbeaten squad.

Marco said he believes it is now all about how his team responds, but he accepts that coming up against an in-form

Vermont team will provide a big challenge.“I think that we have to come back and

regroup tomorrow in the training, get the guys to recover quickly, and prepare for Vermont on Saturday night,” he said. “Vermont is an experienced team. They bring a lot of juniors and seniors, guys who have been around the league a lot. I think it is going to be a competitive match. Homecoming is always great. We should have a bunch of our alumni as well, so it should be a great weekend.”

Play against the Catamounts is set to kick off at 7 p.m. on Saturday at the Bearcats Sports Complex.

Kasey Robb/Staff PhotographerJunior midfielder Tommy Moon scored Binghamton’s lone goal to give the Bearcats an early lead, but Stony Brook stormed back to top BU, 2-1.

Soe NaingPipe Dream Sports

For preview coverage of

this Saturday's women's

soccer homecoming game

against Boston, visit

www.bupipedream.com

— Ashley Purdy, Contributing Writer

ONLINE COVERAGE

“Title IX has played a very powerful role in providing opportunities for women athletes and has had a tremendously positive effect on today’s modern universities. I know of many, many students, including my wife and daughters, who have benefited and enhanced their college experiences through athletic competition. It has made our colleges and universities much more equitable and inviting, and has

helped women gain skills, confidence and perspectives that are useful long after they play their last collegiate game.”

“Title IX has afforded me the opportunities to play soccer. The confidence, self-esteem, values and truths I learned in soccer, thanks to Title IX, are things that I will carry with me for the rest of my life. I’m so blessed to be a woman in sport, being an advocate for equality. Sports are not just for the guys; women are competitors too, and I’m thankful that Title IX gives us a chance to prove it.”

40 YEARSOF CHANGE

TITLEWHAT IS TITLE IX?

The law calls for equal treatment of both sexes with regard to three specific aspects of athletics: participation opportunities, athletic scholarships and treatment of teams and athletes.

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When Jessie Godfrey took a job as an athletics administrator at Binghamton University in 1958, she entered a world of college sports completely void of women. The school was called Harpur College then, the athletics program was Division III and Title IX had not yet surfaced to usher in new opportunities that would forever change the lives of women across the nation.

Godfrey was part of the movement that brought women’s sports to Binghamton University and extended opportunities to female athletes across America. A native of Washington, D.C., Godfrey served as the University’s primary administrator for women’s physical education and athletics for 32 years, watching intercollegiate sports programs for females spring up and thrive under the guidelines of Title IX. Outside of BU, Godfrey served as president of the Eastern Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women and the New York State Women’s Collegiate Athletic Association. In 1984, she became the first female president of the State University of New York Athletic Conference (SUNYAC).

But Godfrey can remember a time when none of it seemed possible — her own distinguished list of accomplishments as unfeasible as the widespread success women’s athletics has since achieved. She can remember back to a time when women simply did not play sports.

“We played ‘games’,” Godfrey said. “We would get together with another college and maybe we’d play a friendly contest … and after the game we’d go into the dance studio and have tea and cookies and that was all we were expected to do by society and by the institution.”

The teams would be composed of athletes, Godfrey said, who had no other options for participation in the sports they were interested in playing. There would be “easy, friendly” practices and games would come about by reaching out to another institution to see if they had a group of women interested in competing.

Options for women were limited and lacked

any real structure.“The American culture thought sports was

basically for men, and women just kind of played games,” Godfrey said.

In 1958, Godfrey left her job at Brown University to accept a position at Binghamton working in athletics. For the first decade or so, circumstances for women looking to get involved in sports remained largely unchanged and Godfrey described her work as relatively uneventful. But in 1972, that all changed.

“Not too much happened [at first] because everything was just kind of friendly and relaxed,” Godfrey said. “There was … no enormous interest in events … until around 1969 or ’70 when the Title IX thing erupted, and then suddenly it became necessary for Binghamton University … to offer opportunities for women in sports where women were interested.”

The creation of Binghamton’s first intercollegiate women’s sports team, swimming and diving, came about in 1969, prior to Title IX’s passing. Volleyball and women’s tennis joined soon after, and in 1973, women’s basketball became the first addition following the law’s passage.

Godfrey and her co-workers set about leveling the playing field for male and female athletes at BU, developing fuller schedules for women’s teams and providing teams with comparable modes of transportation, food, clothing and housing.

The process was a lengthy one, according to Godfrey — and not without resistance.

“At our institution [the resistance] was

relatively discreet,” Godfrey said. “The men faculty didn’t think that the women knew what they were doing, us women getting into this business, we didn’t know anything about sports programs and development and they were trained from birth practically so they kind of laughed at us. The thing was that we kept going on and being successful without their help, fortunately. Then when they found out that we were becoming successful, then they were concerned about the financial situation because Binghamton, well most of the institutions, had to find out how to separate the money so that the men had to give up something for the women and of course they didn’t like that.”

While figuring out where the money would come from and exactly how to divide it wasn’t always easy, Godfrey did notice that even early on, the budget committee was generally interested in giving more money to women’s teams instead of men’s.

“[It] kind of pleased me because I thought, already the young men at the college level have decided that the women are doing something and they’re doing it very well … and they should be given money so they can continue,” Godfrey said.

Today, Binghamton University boasts nine women’s sports programs, which have combined to generate three America East Championships, four America East players of the year and one All-American in the school’s Division I era alone.

Godfrey said the new tradition of success starts at the youth levels that now have countless more opportunities for girls thanks to Title IX. From there, the success seeps into collegiate and even professional athletics. She pointed to women’s basketball in the Olympics as an example.

“They would never have been there before Title IX because they are the product of the development of more opportunity at the elementary on up level for girls, they’re the results of that success,” Godfrey said. “You find American women at the 20-year-old level who are very successful in doing something that, had they been born [several] years before they were, they wouldn’t have even been able to try.”

Megan BrockettSports Editor

A devotion to women's sports

Harvey Stenger Binghamton University President

“Title IX has had an enormous positive impact on intercollegiate athletics since its inception. It’s provided opportunities and access to a generation of female athletes who have, in turn, demonstrated leadership, character and excellence in all that they do.”

Patrick Elliott Athletic Director

Jamie HollidaySenior forward, Women’s soccer

"I was part of a young softball program at the University of Maryland that started because of Title IX. I am very thankful for the opportunities that I have been given as a result."

Michelle BurrellHead Coach, Softball

1946 1969 1971 1972 1973 1977 1979 1983Triple Cities College opens. Men’s cross country, men’s tennis, men’s basketball and men’s track and field are the first intercollegiate sports to be offered. Baseball, men’s golf, men’s swimming and diving and men’s soccer are added to the list over the next two decades, as the school’s name changes from Harpur College to SUNY at Binghamton.

Swimming and diving becomes the first women’s program at BU to be offered as an intercollegiate sport.

Volleyball becomes an intercollegiate sport at BU, posting a 8-4 record in its inaugural season.

Women’s basketball becomes an intercollegiate sport at BU.

Women’s cross country becomes an intercollegiate sport at BU.

Softball and women’s track and field join the list of intercollegiate sports at BU.

Alice Willis and Marilyn Milligan of the women’s cross country team become the first female athletes in Binghamton history to earn All-America honors. Women’s cross country earns its first SUNYAC championship title.

Women’s tennis becomes an intercollegiate sport at BU and goes 6-1 in dual matches.

Title IX of the Education Amendments Acts is signed into law by President Richard Nixon. The law officially goes into effect on July 1.

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Pipe Dream takes a look

at how 40 years of Title

XI has affected women's

athletics both nationally

and at Binghamton

University.

“The American culture thought sports was basically for men, and women just kind of played games”

— Jessie GodfreyFormer athletics administrator

Monique Hacker helped put Binghamton University athletics on the map.

A native of St. Andrew, Jamaica, Hacker moved to the United States when she was 17. About six months later, she competed as a member of Binghamton’s track and field team, shattering the school’s previous triple jump record by nearly five feet in just her second day with the program.

She never looked back.Hacker became the school’s first female

athlete to win a national championship in 1996 when she captured the triple jump title in the fall of her freshman year. Winning the same title in the outdoor championships that spring, Hacker would eventually garner five national championships while at Binghamton.

“Because Binghamton wasn’t really known for its athletics, more importantly track and field, I think it was especially important to put Binghamton on the map,” Hacker said of her championships.

But Hacker would not take sole credit for Binghamton’s athletic rise — the program jumped from Division III to Division II her senior year. Instead, she credited other teammates who also competed in other championship events and performed “really well.”

And when you produce on the field — even in a seemingly individual sport like track and field — you win for your school.

“If I won events at a national championship, it’s not Monique Hacker who won,” she said. “It’s ‘Binghamton won’ or ‘Binghamton placed third.’ So even though track and field is an individual sport mostly, you’re still representing your school.”

And while Hacker helped Binghamton,

the opportunity to compete at the college level taught Hacker valuable lessons, which she enacts every day as an associate actuary at New York Life Insurance Company. Playing for a team forces athletes to cooperate and build some sort of chemistry. And if workers in an office cannot cooperate, the company’s production suffers.

“If you’re running a relay, you have to know who is strongest for which leg, so you want to make sure you place each person in the role that is most [appropriate] for that person,” Hacker said. “In the work environment as well … you’ll want to place the person that has the strongest skill set in a particular role.”

Hacker went on to say that having teammates taught her how to adapt to different types of personalities and working habits, another valuable trait transferable to the workplace.

So Hacker helped Binghamton, and Binghamton helped Hacker.

But without Title IX, which passed in 1972, the reciprocal relationship might not have been possible. Fewer schools would offer athletic scholarships to women, leaving fewer opportunities for female athletes to compete at the collegiate level. Hacker could have been squeezed out.

If so, she would not have developed as an athlete, and the secondary effects, such as learning to cooperate, would have had to reach her through another medium.

“I think in general having the same opportunities as other athletes is significant if you’re participating in that sport,” Hacker said. “You’re going to get top coaching and financial support if there is any. You’ll eventually or inevitably become a better athlete overall.”

And if Hacker’s case can be a lesson to critics of Title IX, the act’s positive impact reaches more than just the athlete herself.

Title IX protects all students — male and female — from discrimination on the basis of sex in schools that receive federal funding.

The law calls for equal treatment of both sexes with regard to three specific aspects of athletics: participation opportunities, athletic scholarships and treatment of teams and athletes.

Title IX does not set quotas or demand equal funding for different sports or sexes. It only requires that schools provide male and female students with equal opportunities to participate in athletics. Athletic participation among males has continued to increase as well since the law’s passing.

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Ari KramerAssistant Sports Editor

Hacker paves the road for BU's athletic success

MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS

— Title IX does NOT require that the same amount of athletic scholarship money be given to males and females. It only mandates that the scholarships be given in proportion to the number of male and female student athletes.

— Though females make up 53 percent of the student body, women’s teams receive only 40 percent of the total money given to athletics at Division I schools.

— Boys are still twice as likely as girls to be active, and male participation in sports continues to grow. At the high school level, boys’ participation opportunities grew more than girls’ did in the last decade.

— The three-pronged test used to evaluate a school’s compliance with Title IX’s equal participation opportunities requirement is relatively lenient. A school only needs to meet one of the following three requirements to be considered under compliance:

Number of women in collegiate sports

2010-11190,000 female athletes

at the college level — about six times as many as immediately prior to the passage of Title IX

1971-72 Fewer than 30,000

women participated in collegiate sports

Scholarships at D-1 Schools awarded to

women

Average national athletic budget spent

on women's sports

2%

40%

1972 2012

0%

48%

1972 2012

High school girls that participate in sports are half as likely as their counterparts to become pregnant during adolescence, and less likely to take drugs or smoke.

Girls that play high school sports are more likely to graduate, earn better grades, score higher on standardized tests and attend college.

50%

Eighty-two percent of female business

executives today played sports when they were

younger.

82%

1983 1984 1985 1996 2001 2002 20122004Alice Willis and Marilyn Milligan of the women’s cross country team become the first female athletes in Binghamton history to earn All-America honors. Women’s cross country earns its first SUNYAC championship title.

Alice Willis becomes the first BU track and field All-American.

Women’s soccer becomes an intercollegiate sport at BU.

Monique Hacker of the women’s track and field team wins the first of her school-record five national titles, taking first in the triple jump at the NCAA Division III Championships.Yun Qu and Hui-Jue Cai become the first women from Binghamton to participate in the Olympics. Cai took home a bronze medal in the 4x10 medley relay.

Women’s lacrosse becomes an intercollegiate sport at BU.Sarah Cartmill of the women’s basketball team is the first BU athlete to be named America East Conference Player of the Year.Yun Qu of the swimming and diving team becomes the first Binghamton athlete to earn All-America honors during the Division I era.

Jessica Hennig of women’s track and field becomes the first female athlete at BU to win three straight America East titles.

Women’s soccer becomes the first female team at Binghamton to win an America East championship.

Binghamton becomes a Division I school.

Tracy Kasmarcik of women’s soccer becomes the first Binghamton athlete to earn All-Region honors during the school’s Division I era.

Average Head Coach Salaries at Binghamton University

$64k$52k

Men Women

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