Tissue Types. Human Tissues Tissue differentiation.

Tissue Types

Human TissuesTissue differentiation

Tissues: groups of cells closely associated that have a similar structure and perform a related function

• Four types of tissue– Muscle = movement– Epithelial = covering– Connective = support– Nervous = control

• Most organs contain all 4 types

Muscle Tissue

Cells have the ability to contractLocomotion

3 types of muscle tissue•Cardiac –heart•Skeletal – attached to bones•Smooth – internal organs and blood

vessels

MUSCLE TISSUESKELETAL/Striated

Voluntary movement

Long and cylindrical

Transverse striation

Each fiber is multi-nuclear

Skeletal Muscle

MUSCLE TISSUE

SMOOTH

Involuntary movement

Long, spindle shape

Single nucleus

Internal organs

Smooth Muscle

MUSCLE TISSUECARDIAC

Striations

Involuntary

One nucleus

Deep center

Heart muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Epithelial Tissue

Epithelial Tissue

•Sheets of cells which lines a body cavity or covers a body surface.

•Functions▫Protection▫Absorption▫Filtration▫Excretion▫Secretion▫Sensory reception

Classification•Tissue given two names

▫A. First name tells you the number of cell layers. Simple made up of a single cell layer

often used in filtration or absorption occur. Stratified – made of 2 or more stacked layers

Often found where friction occurs

Classification▫The second name tells you the cell shape.

Squamous – flat and scale like Cuboidal – boxlike(as wide as they are tall) Columnar - tall column shaped (nucleus is

elongated)

Human Anatomy, Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.EPITHELIAL TISSUES

• Composed almost entirely of cells.• Contains no blood vessels but supported by

nerve fibers.• Connective tissue support

•Nutrients from capillaries in underlying connective tissue

•Easily regenerates•E.g. skin, lining of gut,

mucous membranes

Simple Squamous Epithelia

Simple Cuboidal Epithelia

Simple Columnar Epithelia

Stratified Squamous Epithelia

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia

Connective Tissue

Characteristics

•Most abundant tissue in the body.•Cells are further apart than epithelial

cells.•Extracellular matrix between them.

▫The body’s glue▫Composed of protein fibers and ground

substance.

Cells imbedded in fibers

•Fibroblast- most common fixed cell.▫Star shaped and produce fibrous protein.

•Macrophages• Start as white blood cells – phagocytosis –

fight infection.

•Mast cells• Near blood vessels.• Release heparin – prevent blood clotting• Release histamine – promotes inflammation

Fibers•Collagenous – collagen protein– great strength

▫ ligaments - bones to bones▫ tendons – muscle to bones

•Elastic fibers – elastin protein weaker but more elastic.

• Vocal cords, air passages

•Reticular fibers – collagenous fibers- delicate networks.

Functions

•Support•Protection•Frameworks•Fill spaces•Store fat•Produce blood cells•Protect against infections

Connective Tissue

6 Types•Loose connective tissue•Dense connective tissue•Adipose•Blood•Cartilage•Bone

Loose Connective Tissue

Areolar C.T.

Dense Connective Tissue

Fibrous C.T.

Adipose Tissue

Blood

Blood smear

Cartilage

Cartilage types• Hyaline - Hyaline cartilage is cartilage that

is hyaline (transparent). It is found on many joint surfaces. It is pearly bluish in color with firm consistency and has a considerable amount of collagen. It contains no nerves or blood vessels, and its structure is relatively simple.

• Elastic - Elastic cartilage or yellow cartilage is a type of cartilage present in the outer ear, Eustachian tube and epiglottis. It contains elastic fiber networks and collagen fibers. The principal protein is elastin.

•Fibrocartilage - consists of a mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue▫Fibrocartilage is found in the pubic

symphysis, the anulus fibrosus of intervertebral discs, menisci and the TMJ

Hyaline

Elastic

Fibrous

Bone

Nerve Tissue