Tissue engineering (group presentation)

TISSUE ENGINEERINGHistology Technique (SMS 2143)

Peramathevan (012012051361)Lydwilkyn Andar (012012051647)Stephen Hii Seng (012012110023)

Ting Siok Mei (012012110021)Mohamad Faez (012012051513)

Generation of Prometheus “Healing of Justinian” St. Cosmas

and St. Damien. Theophrastus von Hohenheim,

most commonly known as Paracelsus tried to create human life by chemical*. 16th century, Ambroise Pare` described in his work

“Dix livres de la chirurgie” (ten pound of surgery). 18th century John Hunter investigated homologous

transplantation of teeth in humans

History of Tissue Engineering

1818, Mary Shelley a writer of prominent newer example in literature and film is the story of Frankenstein, describing the vitalization of a creature, reassembled from different body parts. Middle 19th century, Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach

use of skin grafts described in “Nonnulla de Regeneratione et Transplantatione”. Pioneer in Transplantation medicine.

Heinrich Christian Bünger first successful autologous skin transplantation in the clinical use of skin grafts.

Jaques Reverdin use of small graft islets and Karl Thiersch split the thickness grafts. Pioneer in skin transplant.

Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), he described that cell proliferation can affected Cellularpathologie on tissue regeneration. C.A. Ljunggren and J. Jolly were the first

researchers that succesfull to cultivate cells outside the body. R.G. Harrison, demonstrating active growth of cells in culture.

Alexis Carrel (1873–1944) founder of modern organ transplantation due to his work elaborating the methods of vascular anastomosis.

1967, the first heart transplantation successfully done by Christiaan Barnard.

Early 1970s W.T. Green undertook a number of experiments to generate cartilage using a chondrocyte culture technique.

In 1996, The further major step in cloning research was the cloning of two lambs (Megan and Morag) from embryonic cells. “Dolly the Sheep”.

In 1987 then the term “tissue engineering” was be used in medicine field.

“Dolly the Sheep”

RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT LEADING TO

TISSUE ENGINEERING

Cell proliferation –(tissue regeneration)carried out ‘ by Rudolf Virchow (1821 -1902

Harrison. R.G -1910Demonstrated active growth of cell in culture Since that breakthrough in vitro cell culture becomes the underlying basement for classical tissue engineering.

E –Ullmann ,1902 First researchers to conduct kidney transplantation in animal use the application of tissue engineering

.J.P Merrill - First researchers to attempt kidney transplantation in identical twins

1970s- W.T Green -Synthesis cartilage using chondrocyte culture techniques in combination with bone scaffold . Barke and Yannas Generating skin by the culture of dermal fibroblasts or keratinocytes on protein scaffolds

Robert Briggs and Thomas king ,1952 –

First researcher demonstrate how to clone frogs by replacing nuclei of eggs with cell form tadpole and adult intestinal epithelium

• Dolly the sheep was successfully cloned in Britain in 1996 by the scientist “Ian Wilmut” and was put down in February 2003 after developing a lung infection and arthritis.

• Dolly was a genetic copy of the Finn Dorset ewe. • Her birth, more than 10 years ago showed that nuclei from

specialized adult cells can be reprogrammed into all the cells of an organism.

• The technique that led to Dolly is called• somatic cell nuclear transfer and has• remained essentially unchanged over• the last decade.

Dolly: The Cloning of a Sheep

IN FUTURE !!!!

 References

Virchow R (1858) Die Cellularpathologie in ihrer Be grundung auf physiologische und pathologische Gewebelehre .Hirschwald,Berlin.Loeb L (1897) Ueber die entstehung von bindegewebe leukocyten und roten blukorperchen aus epihel und uber eine method,isolierte gewebsteile zu zuchten stern Chicago Harrison. RG,(1910) the outgrowth of nerve fibre as a mode of protoplasmic extension.J Exp zool:9:787-846Ullmann.E, (1902) experementelle nieretransplantation wien klin wochenscher 15:281-282Witkowski .JA ,(1979) Alexis Carrel and the mysticism of tissue culture .J Med Hist 23:279-29Merrill JP, Murray JE, Harrison JH (1956) successful homotransplantations of human kidney between identical twins. J Am Med Assoc 160;277-282Skalak .R, Fox.CF (1988) .Tissue engineering .Liss,New YorkLanger.R,Vacanti JP.(1993) .Tissue engineering .Science.260:920-926 Wilmut.I,Schnieke .A.E,McWhir .J,Kind .A.J,Campbell KHS,(1997) Viable Offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells .Nature 385:810-813

Future For Development of

Tissue Engineering

Tissue engineering has significant market

potential and financial investment continue apace.

The technical advances in the various

components of the industry will contribute to

market growth.

For the biological component of tissue

engineering, rapid advances are being made in

identifying new cell types for use in tissue

regeneration.

Tissue engineering will emerging as a

vibrant industry with a huge potential

market.

An increasing amount of R&D is directed

toward addressing the properties of these

scaffolds with the goal of creating

materials that have the desired functional

profiles for various applications.

Basic Principle

Mini Bioengineered from human liver to mice

Uses of tissue Engineering(TE)

- TE is using specific biochemical function to transplant of the cell become an organ.- Can be solving tissue damage problem- Example : 1. Artificial skin

Nature Biotechnology ,

2000

2. Heart

Three basic elements: 1) Scaffolds

- Provided by the extra-cellular matrix and serve to hold and guide cells in 3D space until they are produce their own physiological matrix environment

2) Cell - basic unit of tissue or organ and it is very important when doing cell source selection

3) Biomolecules - signalling molecules which will be represented an interesting tools in tissue engineering to modulate several part of the cell biology.

Sala et.al., 2012. Journal Biochip Tissue Chip.

Sala et. al., 2012. journal Biochip Tissue Chip

DID YOU ALL KNOW????Advantages Disadvantages

Help cure the disease Ability to cure life-

threatening diseases Life expectancy

expanded Produce a healthier

lifestyle and quality

Performance of the final product

Potential toxicity of cryopreservatives

Achievement of sterility of the final product

Microbiological contamination L.Clarke, 2008

D.William, 2004

THE END ~ Thank You ~