Tissue

Tissue• There are 4 types of

function that has similar structures in human tissue– Epithelia tissue – Connective tissue– Muscular tissue– Nervous tissue

Epithelia tissue• Cellularity- composed almost

entirely of cells

• Polarity-apical and basal surfaces

• Special contacts

• Support by connective tissue

• Types of Epithelia– Simple

– Stratified

• Shapes of cells– Squamous

– Cuboidal or columnar

Simple epithelia • Single Layer

• There are 4 classifications

– Simple Squamous

– Simple Cuboidal

– Simple Columnar

– Psuedostratified Columnar

Simple squamous• Single Layer of flattened cells

• Functions

• Diffusion

• Filtration

• Provide a slick

• Location

• Present in the kidney glomeruli, lining heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and serosae

Simple cuboidal• Single Layer of cube-like cells

with large, spherical central nuclei

• Functions

• Secretion

• Aborption

• Location

• Kidney tubules

• Ducts

• Secretary portions

Simple columnar• Single layer of tall cells with

oval nuclei, and contain many cilia

• Goblet cells are often find in this layer

• Functions

– Absorption, and Secretion

– Cilia help move substances through internal passageways

– Ciliated type line

• Small Bronchi, Uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus

• Single layer of cells with different heights

– Some don’t reach the free surface

• Nuclei are seen at different layers

• Function

– Secretion, and propulsion of mucus

• Present in the male sperm- carrying ducts (non-ciliated), and trachea (ciliated).

• Quite rare in the body

• Found in some sweat and mammary glands

• Typically 2 cell layers thick

• Limited distribution in the body

• Location

– Pharynx, male urethra, and lining some glandular ducts

– Occurs at transition areas between 2 other types of epithelia.

• Several cell layers, basal cells are cuboidal, surface cells are dome shaped

• Stretches to permit the distension of the urinary bladder

• Lines the urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra.

• Thick membrane

• Functions

– Protection of underlying arcas subjected to abrasion

Connective tissue• Abundant and widely distributed tissue

proper

• Types of connective tissue

– Connective tissue proper

– Connective tissue cartilage

– Connective tissue Bone

– Connective tissue Blood

• Function

– Binding and support

– Protection

– Insulation

– Transportation

• Types of cells of connective tissue– Fibroblasts

– Chondroblasts

– Osteoblasts

– Hematopoietic stem cells

Connective tissue proper

• Just one cell– Fibroblasts

• 2 types of connective tissue proper– Loose

– Dense

Connective tissue bone

• Hard, calcified matrix

• Osteocytes can be found in Lacume, and vas cularized

• Stores calcium, minerals and fats

Connective tissue blood• Red and white cells in a matrix

• Function

– Transport of respiratory

• Gases

• Nutrients

• wastes

Nervous tissue• Branched neurons with long

cellular processes and support cells

• Location

– Brain

– Spinal cord

– Peripheral nerves

Connective tissue proper: Loose

• 3 types of connective tissue proper: Loose– Areolar

– Adipose

– Reticular

Loose Connective tissue proper: Areolar

• Gel-like matrix with all 3 connective tissue fibers

• Wraps and eushions organs

• Widely distributed throughout the body

• There are fibroblasts, maerophages, mast cells, and some white blood cells

Loose Connective tissue proper: Adipose

• Matrix similar to areolar connective tissue with closely packed adipocytes

• Reserved food stores

• Local fat deposits serve nutrients needs of highly active organs

Loose Connective tissue proper: reticular

• Loose ground substance with reticular fibers

• They form a soft internal skeleton

• They found in lymph nodes, and the spleen

Connective tissue proper: Dense

• 2 types of connective tissue proper: Dense

– Dense regular

– Dense irregular

Connective tissue proper: Dense regular

• Fibroblasts

• Found in tendons, ligaments, and aponearoses

• Parallel collagen fibers with a few elastic fibers

Connective tissue proper: Dense irregular

• Irregularly arranged collagens fibers with imperceptible network of collagen fibers

• Forms the costal cartilage

• In embryonic skeleton, the end of long bones, nose, trachea, and larynx

Hyaline cartilage

• Chondrocyte lie in lacunae

• Supports, reinforces, cushions, and resists compression

• Forms the costal cartilage

Connective tissue cartilage

• 3 types

– Hyaline cartilage

– Elastic cartilage

– Fibro cartilage

• Ground substance

• Chondrocyte

Elastic cartilage

• Similar to hyaline cartilage but has more elastic

• Maintain shape structure while allowing flexibility

Fibrocartilage

• Matrix similar to hyaline cartilage

• Provides tensile strength and absorbs compression shock

Muscle tissue• 3 types of muscle tissue

– Skeletal

– Cardiac

– Smooth

• Common in body

• Has contractions

Muscle skeletal tissue

• Long, cylindrical, multi nucleate cells with obvious striations

• Initiates and controls voluntary movement

Muscle cardiac tissue

• Branching, striated, uni nucleate cells interlocking at intercalated discs

• Found in the walls of the heart

Muscle smooth tissue• Sheets of spindle-shaped cells

with central nuclei

• Found in the walls of hollow organs

Credits

• Pictures by Andrew Green, Nikki Caros, David Na

• Information by David Na

• By David Na