Tire and Wheel

8/4/2019 Tire and Wheel

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TIRE AND WHEEL

Teknik Kendaraan Ringan

Semester 2nd Class X

Kompetensi Kejuruan

SK-KD 11TH


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DIAGRAM ALUR PENCAPAIAN KOMPETENSI


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Teknologi dan Rekayasa

TIRE

What is a tire made of.What percent of a tire is rubber?What is a pneumatic tire?What is the difference

between radial & bias ply tires ?Why are tires black?


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Actual components that go into a tire.


Raw Rubber

Steel

Nylon

Polyester

Rayon

Carbon Black

Synthetic

Rubber Fiberglass

Aramid

Brass


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What percent of a tire is rubber?


By weight, give or take 30%

By volume, quite a bite more.

Tire compontents

Rubber

Steel Nylon

RayonCarbon Black

Synthe

tic Rubber

0

10

20

30


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What Is Pneumatic Tire?


Filled by air, especially compressedair: a pneumatic tire (dictionarydefinition).

All tires manufactured today areconsidered Pneumatic tires.


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Who Invented The First Tire?


It was inventedin 1888, by

John Dunlop.This would be

the end of thesolid tire.


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Why are Tires Black?


To protect therubber from theharmful UV rays.

A common type ofUV stabilizer calleda competitiveabsorber is addedto capture and

absorb theseharmful UV lightwave energy.


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Bias Ply Tire


A bias ply tire hasplies running at anangle from bead to

bead. The cord angle is

also reversed fromply to ply.

Tread is bondeddirectly to the topply.


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Belted Bias Tire


Is a bias tire withbelts added toincrease treadstiffness.

These belts arealso ran at adifferent angle.

These belts only

lie on the treadarea and not onthe side walls, likecords.


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Radial Ply Tire


Has plies runningstraight acrossfrom bead to bead

with stabilizerbelts lying directlybeneath the tread.

This results in the

radial havingflexible side wall,but a stiff tread.


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Tire Cutaway



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Cooper Tire Cutaway



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Tire Sidewall



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Tire Numbering System



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Tire Size



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Tire Size


If you switch tire size on a car you can mess upthe speedometer to figure out how close you aredo the math to figure out the diameter.

For a 205/75R15 tire it would look like this

205 X .75 x 2 25.4 + 15= 27.106

Tire size X Aspect ratio X 2 25.4 + Rim size

100


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Aspect Ratio


Percentage of tires height in relation to its width A60 series tire height will be 60% of the width. Theaspect ratio can be a 40,50, 60,65,70,75,78These are some of the most common ones.


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SERVICE DESCRIPTION


On some performance tires, you will notice someadditional numbers and letters located at the end of thetire size.

For Example:P185/70R14 92S

In this example the 92S is called the SERVICEDESCRIPTION. The Service Description consists of twoparts, the LOAD INDEX and the SPEED RATING. You'llnotice the Speed Rating S has been moved from the old

Metric size system of:185/70SR14 to P185/70R14 92S

The SPEED RATING is a letter which designates therating achieved on indoor wheel testing.


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Load Index


The LOAD INDEX is a number ranging from 0 to 279 and covers loadcapacities from the smallest motorcycle tires to those for the largestearth mover tires. In passenger car tires, the load index typically rangesfrom 75 to 100.

As in aspect ratio where the operative word was ratio, in load index the

operative word here is index. An index is a point of reference or a chartto refer to find information. All tire guides used by retail tire stores havethem and they have load index charts in them. By referring to the loadindex chart in the Tire Guide you can determine the maximum loadcarrying capacity of a tire size from using the load index number at theend of the P-Metric size.

For Example: Load Index Max Load (lbs.)

91 1356

92 1389

93 1433


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Speed Rating


Rating Maximum SpeedQ 99 mphS 112 mph

T 118 mphU 124 mphH 130 mphV 149 mphW 168 mphY 186 mphZ Above 149 mph

from goodyear


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Effects of speed on a tire


Tires are tested under Laboratory conditionsthey are not worn out, are properly inflated, not

over loaded, damaged or altered.

Just because they have a speed rating does notmean the car is safe to drive at those speeds


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Tire pressure


Tire pressure should be check monthly

Tire pressure should be checked cold

for every 10 Fahrenheit change in air temperature,

your tire's inflation pressure will change by about 1 psi

The air pressure in the tire supports the car, make surethat it is the right amount.

If you check the air pressure inside the shop at a

temperature of 70

will the tires be the right pressurewhen it goes outside at 0?


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Effects of low tire pressure Overinflation



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Effects of low tire pressure Underinflation



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Tire Defects


Separations

Bulges

sidewall separations tread tearing,

chunking

shoulder cracking

Sidewall cracking

Weather cracking

Breaks in sidewall/tread

Excessive radial runout diameter

Excessive lateral runout

width

Conicity not level accross tread

cone shaped


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Tire Defects



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Tire Defects



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Tire Defects



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Wheels


steel \ cast

Off set

Bump steer

Scrub Radius


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Static balance


Equals wheel tramp


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Dynamic Balance


equals wobble


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Bibliography:

The Tire Rack Online Performance Source


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Thanks very much

Presented by Aloysius Sudibyo

SMK Negeri 1 Magelang

Tire and Wheel

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