TinyOS Research Overview Jason Hill. -Wireless Vision A symphony of embedded devices. Asset Tracking Home Automation Military Scenarios Security.

TinyOS Research Overview

Jason Hill

-Wireless Vision

A symphony of embedded devices.

Asset Tracking

Home Automation

Military Scenarios

Security

The Pieces Exist

• Low-power CMOS radios

• System-on-chip manufacturing capabilities

• Ad-hoc networking protocols

• Distributed algorithms

• Low-power microcontrollers

How do they fit together?

Systems Development Spiral

weC Mote

TinyOS

Dot NEST Services

2000

2001

2002

System Capabilities

Communication Stack

Hardware Software

MicaToday

Hardware supporting software to enable applications.

Rene

Design Lineage

• COTS dust prototypes (Kris Pister et al.)• weC Mote (~30 produced)• Rene Mote (850+ produced)• Dot (1000 produced)• Mica node (current, 1800+ produced)

?

Complete Software Vision

PowerPower

TimingTiming

Leader ElectionLeader Election

Network ProgNetwork Prog

Sensor BoardsSensor Boards

DSP algorithmsDSP algorithms

Event DetectionEvent Detection

TimestampTimestamp AcksAcks

Time Sync.Time Sync.

Secure CommunicationSecure Communication

Data PresentationData Presentation

Networking StackNetworking Stack

Application CodeApplication Code External ControlExternal Control

LocalizationLocalization

Reliable DeliveryReliable Delivery

RoutingRouting

Data Aggregation/Query ProcessingData Aggregation/Query Processing

Middleware

Platform

Apps

Mica Platform Users

• INTEL CORPORATION• INTEL RESEARCH• JPL ACCOUNTS PAYABLE• KENT STATE UNIVERSITY• LAWRENCE BERKELEY NAT'L• LLNL• LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LAB• MARYLAND PROCUREMENT• MIT• MIT*• MITRE CORP.• MSE TECH. APPLICATION INC• NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CTR• NAT'L INST OF STD & TECH• NICK OLIVAS LOS ALAMOS NA• NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV• PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV• ROBERT BOSCH CORP.• RUIZ-SANDOVAL, M.E.• RUTGERS STATE UNIVERSITY• SANDIA NATIONAL LABS• SIEMENS BUILDING TECH INC• SILICON SENSING SYSTEMS• SOUTHWEST RESEARCH

• ALLEN, ANTHONY• ALTARUM• BAE SYSTEMS CONTROLS• BALBOA INSTRUMENTS• BUDNICK, LARRY• CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV• CLEVELAND STATE UNIV• CORNELL UNIVERSITY• DARTMOUTH COLLEGE• DOBLE ENGINEERING

COMPANY• DUKE UNIVERSITY• FRANCE TELECOM R&D• GE KAYE INSTRUMENTS,

INC• GEORGE WASHINGTON

UNIV.• GEORGIA TECH RESEARCH

INT• GRAVITON, INC• HRL ABORATORIES

• TEMPLE UNIVERSITY• UNIV SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA• UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA• UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI• UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO• UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS• UNIVERSITY OF IOWA• UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS• UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN• UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME• UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CA• UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS• UNIVERSITY OF UTAH• UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA• US ARMY CECOM• USC INFORMATION SCIENCES• VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY• VIGILANZ SYSTEMS• VITRONICS INC• WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY• WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY• WILLOW TECHNOLOGIES LTD• WJM, INC• XEROX

Nesc – Building software like hardware

• Nesc is:– Component based software extension to C– Provides separation of construction and

composition– Component behavior described in terms of

interfaces– Structure around bidirectional event based

interfaces– Static compile-time optimization eliminates

overhead

Real World Apps…

• What have we done with this stuff?

Vehicle Tracking

Cory Energy Monitoring/Mgmt System

• 50 nodes on single floor• 5 level ad hoc net• 30 sec sampling• 250K samples to database over 6 weeks

Structural performance due to multi-directional ground motions

(Glaser & CalTech)

Wiring for traditional structural instrumentation+ truckload of equipment

Mote infrastructure15

13

14

6 

5` 

15

118 

Mote Layou

t 129 

Comparison of Results

Node Localization

2/13/2002Kamin Whitehouse. Nest Retreat 4

“Best Fit”

Calibration

Localization

Regression

• Reducing Noise

• Reducing Error

• Results

Regression

Distance

RSSI

40 cm20 cm 80 cm60 cm 100 cm

Error

60

50 cm

ErrorErrorErrorNoise

Noise

50 cm

60

Multi-dimensional node tracking

• Track unmodified “evader” through a network of magnetic sensors.

• In-network processing to estimate planar position of vehicle

• Geographic multi-hop networking to route data to automated camera

• Camera controlled to track vehicle

• Video: demo.mpeg

Next-Generation Nodes

• Integrated processing, storage, communication and sensing onto a single silicon die

• Greatly reduce manufacturing cost

• Improve efficiency through incorporation of specialized accelerators

General Architecture Diagram

General Architecture• Single CPU for Base band, OS and Application

– Shared system resources can be divided between system components dynamically

• High bandwidth, flexible interfaces can be exposed across system components– Allows applications access to fine-grained system control

• Hardware accelerators to support key sensor network challenges– Communication, synchronization, power management,

concurrency

• Shared memory interface model

Spec Layout

• IO Pads• RAM blocks• MMU logic• Debug logic• ADC• AVR CPU Core• RF Frequency

Synthesizer• Transmitter

2.5mm

Core Area only 50% full…

.25 um CMOS

Spec Demonstration…