Tiny Homes | Big Solutions › wp-content › uploads › nchc-pres_t.barrie.pdf · Tiny Homes + Backyard Cottages What is a tiny home? What is a backyard cottage? What are the pros

Thomas Barrie, AIA | School of Architecture, NC State University Meredith Kirkpatrick | School of Architecture, NC State University

David Maurer, AIA | Maurer Architecture, Tightlines Designs

Tiny Homes | Big Solutions Another Approach to Affordable Housing

Tiny Homes + Backyard Cottages What is a tiny home? What is a backyard cottage? What are the pros and cons of backyard cottages? What cities allow backyard cottages? How are they designed and regulated? What do tiny homes have to do with backyard cottages? Why doesn’t Raleigh allow backyard cottages?


tumbleweedhouses.com

tinyhousing.ca

160 sf + loft

130 sf + loft

tumbleweed is the

most popular tiny

house builder

inspired by the active

recreational lifestyle

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400 sf

$44,500

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w h a t

p r o s

c o n s

c o s t $ $ $

ideabox.us

Minibox

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Tumbleweed

?

$78,300

$57,000

These tiny houses are built on top of trailers.

Since local codes often have a minimum

square footage requirement or other

restrictions for houses, tiny houses on

wheels can get around these obstacles by

being classJmed as RV’s

less hassle with code and zoning

minimal site impact

pay a little extra for trailer and movability

mobility

COLLECTIVEST I N Y H O U S E

w h a t

p r o s

c o n s

?

c o s t $$

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near Mt. Fuji, Japanbegins to show how tiny houses DBO�mU�UPHFUIFS�JO�B�EFOTF�DMVTUFS

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BACKYARD COTTAGES Accessory Dwelling Units, (ADU’s) Granny Flats, Elder Cottage Housing, In-Law Suites, Mother-Daughter Units, Secondary Dwelling Units, Guest Houses, Companion Units, Carriage Houses, Alley Flats….

page 11

Detached ADUs

How can detached ADUs be in scale withthe neighborhood and architecturallycompatible with the existing house?

• In what ways is the ADU architecturallycompatible with the primary structure andother houses in the neighborhood?

• Is the ADU subordinate in scale and sizeto the primary house?

• How is the ADU designed to reduce theimpact on privacy of neighbors?

• Does the lowest side of the ADU roof faceadjacent properties to reduce the visibilityof the ADU from the adjacent property?

• Are ADU entries oriented towards rearalleys, the main house, or yard rather thanthe neighboring house or yard?

• Are ADU windows either oriented orglazed to ensure privacy for neighbors?

One Story Backyard Cottage• 5’ setbacks• Uncovered parking in driveway

Two Story ADU over Garage• 5’ side yard setback• 20’ rear yard setback• Parking in garage and driveway

One Story Backyard Cottage• 5’ setbacks• Uncovered parking in driveway

1-1/2 Story Backyard Cottage• 5’ side yard setback• 20’ rear yard setback• Uncovered parking in driveway

Sketch of Two Story ADU over Garage

PRO CON

ECONOMIC ECONOMICSOCIAL ENVIRONMENT SOCIALENVIRONMENT

INCREASED INCOME

DECREASED DEVELOPMENT

COSTS

AFFORDABLE

INTERCONNECTED COMMUNITY

COMPACT URBAN FORM

HOUSING FORFAMILY/FRIENDS

INCREASED OPEN SPACE

DECREASEDCARBON FOOTPRINT

DECREASED PRIV.OPEN SPACE

FEW ECO FRIENDLY ADU’S

INCREASEDMUNICIPAL SERVICES

INCREASED PARKING

MIXING OF INCOME LEVELS

DECREASEDPRIVACY

DIFFICULTY OBTAININGFINANCING

PERMIT COSTS ARE EXPENSIVE

MORE MIDDLECLASS

NEIGHBORHOODSUSTAINABILITY

PERCEIVED

PRO CON

ECONOMIC ECONOMICSOCIAL ENVIRONMENT SOCIALENVIRONMENT

INCREASED INCOME

DECREASED DEVELOPMENT

COSTS

AFFORDABLE

INTERCONNECTED COMMUNITY

COMPACT URBAN FORM

HOUSING FORFAMILY/FRIENDS

INCREASED OPEN SPACE

DECREASEDCARBON FOOTPRINT

DECREASED PRIV.OPEN SPACE

FEW ECO FRIENDLY ADU’S

INCREASEDMUNICIPAL SERVICES

INCREASED PARKING

MIXING OF INCOME LEVELS

DECREASEDPRIVACY

DIFFICULTY OBTAININGFINANCING

PERMIT COSTS ARE EXPENSIVE

MORE MIDDLECLASS

NEIGHBORHOODSUSTAINABILITY

PERCEIVED


0%

10.1%

- 19

.7%

19.8%

- 29

.2%

29.3%

- 43

.7%

43.8%

- 61

.6%

61.7%

- 91

.2%

20%

10%

30%

40%

50%

60%

0%

>$55k

/ ye

ar

$42k

-$55

k / ye

ar

$25k

-$42

k / ye

ar

<$25k

/ ye

ar

20%

10%

30%

40%

50%

60%

0%

0-2 u

nits/a

cre

3-5 u

nits/a

cre

6-10

units

/acre

11-3

0 unit

s/acre

31-6

0 unit

s/acre

20%

10%

30%

40%

50%

60%

10.1% - 19.7% Non-White >$55k / year 0-2 units/acre

19.8% - 29.2% Non-White $42k - $55k / year 3-5 units/acre

29.3% - 43.7% Non-White $25k - $42k / year 6-10 units/acre

43.8% - 61.6% Non-White <$25k / year 11-30 units/acre

61.7% - 91.2% Non-White 31-60 units/acre

ADU Location

ADU Location

ADU Location

SEATTLE, WAPilot neighborhoods tested impact of ADUs. Subsequently, surveys revealed support for

ADU’s, and ADU’s were eventually disbursed citywide.

Do you believe owners of single family homes should be allowed to build a backyard cottage on their lot?

Are you aware of any backyard cottages in your neighborhood?

Have you noticed and impacts on parking or ÌÀ>vwV��Ì�i�neighborhood?

Have these backyard cottages positively or negatively affected the neighborhood?

YES

YES

YES

POSITIVE

NO IMPACT

NO

NO

NO

NEGATIVE

City of Seattle Survey118 people who neighbored an ADU were asked the following

questionsADU Location Compared to Non-White Population

% Non-White Urban Density

% P

opul

atio

n

% P

opul

atio

n

% P

opul

atio

n

Income Per Capita

ADU Location Compared to

Income Per CapitaADU Location Compared to

Urban Density

0%

Not rented/occupied

One or more children under 18

One or more young adult(s) 18-29

One or more adult(s) 30-65

One or more senior(s) 65+

20%10% 30% 40% 50% 60%

BOULDER, COOCCUPANCY: Most ADU owners rent their unit. Most occupants are

ages 30-36.

How do you currently use your ADU?What Percent of ADUs have each of the following types of occupants?

*Percents may add to more than 100% as ADUs could have more than one occupant

Housing for visitors4%

I live in the ADU and rent our the main house4%

Housing for relatives5%

Extra Space5%

Other7%

Rent it out to paying tenants 75%

# of ADU Permit Applications

# of ADU’s Completed

Single Family Housing

226,440

ADUs

744

PORTLAND, ORApplications for ADU permits dramatically increased after fees were reduced.

ADUs have minimal affect on parking.

# of existing parking spaces for ADUs vs parking for Single Family Housing

S A N T A C R U Z , C A L I F O R N I A

G E T T I N G S T A R T E D

D E S I G N I N G Y O U R A D U

B E I N G A P R O J E C T M A N A G E R

M O R E R E S O U R C E S

ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT MANUAL

P r e p a r e d b y t h e C i t y o f S a n t a C r u z • 2 0 0 3F u n d e d b y t h e C a l i f o r n i a P o l l u t i o n C o n t r o l F i n a n c i n g A u t h o r i t y

S u s t a i n a b l e C o m m u n i t i e s G r a n t a n d L o a n P r o g r a m


BACKYARDCOTTAGES

T I N Y H O U S E

w h a t

p r o s

c o n s

c o s t $ $ $

?

500 sf

SMNG-A Architects

Lakeside, MI

Smallworks

Vancouver, Can

448 sqft

Asheville, NCCottage in

Cottage in

Cottage in

215 sqft

Owner Built for $35,000

From renting out the unit to help pay the bills, to using it for extended family, homeowners who build backyard cottages have many benemcial options. In the meantime, renters benemU from affordable housing in close

proximity to an urban lifestyle.

homeowners subsidize mortgage by rent

not allowed by many zoning ordinances

can be a hastle to get approved

concerns from neighbors about declining property values

options for extended family/aging in place

can provide urban density/affordable housing

ADAPTABILITYT I N Y H O U S E

w h a t ?

YiAhn

University of Karlsruhe, Germany

Taking advantage of the space under the stairs.

Roll It

Designed by Tuvie

Due to the fast growth of the baby, a bassinet can only be used for three months. However, this bassinet can be transformed into various types of furniture.

This cylindrical home is just 6.5ft x 10ft. It comes complete with a bed, desk, kitchen, and toilet. One just has to simply roll the home in order to use specific funtions of the home. Roll it was exclusively designed with the er-gonomics of certain activities in mind.

Morrison HouseRepurposing of spaces

Adaptibility involves reconfiguring spaces to conform to various activities. It could also refer to the multi-use funtion of spaces and

objects (such as stairs.).


Who could have a problem with a granny flat?

Backyard Cottages in Raleigh

Before… Historically backyard cottages existed in Raleigh as accessory dwellings until they were outlawed in the early 1970’s. Examples remain around Raleigh as non-conforming properties.

1970s

2011

Raleigh Comprehensive Planning Committee releases a draft Uni!ed Development Ordinance, UDO, for public review

The Debate Comes to Raleigh

1981 2008

Contained within the new proposal is a new set of regulations that would permit the construction of Backyard Cottages within residential districts

2011

Public debate over Backyard Cottages spreads across Raleigh


1981 2008

2013 -‐

1981

Graham Court Assoc. v. Town of Chapel Hill NC Court of Appeals rules that municipalities do not have the authority to regulate the manner of ownership

The Question of Owner Occupancy

2008

City of Wilmington v. Hill NC Court of Appeals reaffirms previous ruling that, according to NC General Statutes, cities can regulate use but not the manner of ownership.

The Question of Owner Occupancy

1981

Subsequently the provisions for backyard cottages in the UDO were eliminated, but with the understanding they could be revisited


1981 2008 2011

2013

The Mordecai Backyard Cottage Project 2014 School of Architecture | NC State University

The Mordecai Backyard Cottage Project is a research and design project conducted by the School of Architecture at NC State University. During fall semester 2014 faculty and students will work collaboratively with residents of the Mordecai community to envision a range of possibilities for backyard cottages. Research will document and analyze national precedents, current city codes and concerns, and potential impacts. The project process will include public forums and design work with individual residents, and will conclude with an exhibition of results and recommendations.

Backyard cottages are a historical housing type currently enjoying a resurgence of interest in North America. Also called accessory dwelling units or granny flats, they are second, smaller living units typically placed in the backyards of single-family homes. Often associated with the tiny houses movement, backyard cottages offer alternatives to predominant housing models and practices. They can provide adaptability, as family needs change over time, affordability for homeowners and their tenants, and sustainability due to their small square-foot and carbon footprints and capacity to support public transit. Cities

such as Portland Oregon and Seattle Washington have adopted backyard cottages into their development ordinances. The City of Raleigh’s Unified Development Ordinance (UDO) originally provided for backyard cottages but this provision was removed due to concerns about its potential impacts.

Faculty

Thomas Barrie, AIA, Professor of Architecture

Community Partner

The Person Street Partnership | Phillip Bernard: Chair

Schedule

Project Kick-off, Mordecai Interpretive Center Saturday, September 13, 1-3pm

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EXISTING AND POTENTIAL NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC DISTRICTS

EXISTINGPOTENTIAL Map created 10/7/2009 by the City of Raleigh

DESIGNING IN AN HISTORIC DISTRICT

“New Construction within a historic district can enhance the ex-isting district character if the proposed design and its siting re-flect an understanding of and a compatibility with the distinctive character of the district setting and buildings. In fact, the intro-duction fo a compatible but contemporary new construction project can add depth and contribute interest to the district.”

http://rhdc.org/sites/default/files/DesignReview/SEC_4.pdf (pg. 6)

ZONING

http://www.raleighnc.gov/business/content/PlanDev/Articles/Zoning/ZoningandRezoning.html

R 6 - 7,260 SqFT

R 10 - 5,000 SqFT

INDUSTRIAL

OFFICE

NEIGHBORHOOD SCALE RETAIL

A TYPICAL SYCAMORE STREET LOT

A TYPICAL SYCAMORE STREET LOT SIZE SETBACKS

150 FT.

50 F

T.

70 FT. 30 FT.

15 F

T.

LARGE FRONT PORCHES CONNECT SITES TO THE STREET AND TO THE COMMUMNITY

VEGATIVE SCREENS SEPERATE LOTS WHILE FRAMING LARGE BACKYARDS

SHARING DRIVEWAYS, AND PARTIALLY PAVED DRIVEWAYS ARE A COMMON PRACTICE

A POSSIBLE BACKYARD COTTAGE PLACEMENT ON SYCAMORE

A POSSIBLE BACKYARD COTTAGE PLACEMENT ON SYCAMORE

The Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities Initiative School of Architecture | College of Design | NC State University

http://design.ncsu.edu/ah+sc/

Contact: Thomas Barrie at [email protected]

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