TINHTHAN THEP vA' THE~-, H'~ ,'~ '~, ];tK~M:;;~aNG · GJeke M'!rinaj, nns tho; djch gia, tien slvan hoc, nha phe binh'van hoc ngU'&iMygocAlbania dii com~ttf!i Vi~tNamnhan djp ramat

TINHTHAN THEPvA' TAu vo THE~-,~_ " ,'~ '~ ,_];tK~M:;;~aNG

I H'OM'6-6,'tau HP 90258 cue nqu dan Nguyen. fJtJc Quang, que Hai PhOrig bi tau China

Guetdmenq so hi~u 45024 cise Trung Quoc."gillong sung ten rai xit vol rang;'- imu tllcJng thu~t-.cue ong Quang, gay nu hOngn?ng. fJang lL1uy la tau'ong Quang dang ho:~t a¢ng hc;Jpphap tren vint: Ba9 "b{), trang hai ph?n cue Vi~t Nam. V?y ls, tinh--trcjrig.gillong. oaf dieu va cua Trung Quoc doi vOiiauaa .', cue Vi~t Nam khOng chi dien ra t~i vung bien Hbang .Sa, nOico con n9a09P mang ten Hai Dt10ng981 cO&. .:Trung Quoc dang "khoan tnem do" phi phap me /i8.u. 'nhu 0 tat ca cac vung bien tren dat nuoc ta (leu .dfen.ra cac hent: o¢ng khieu khich, oo« net, th?m cni :khilng bo taphia Trung Q/:/oc. Truocdo, 10 ngll dan

, fJa Nang hoet d¢ng ngM nghi~p m¢t cecn Nia bihhva hc;Jpphap tren vung bien Hoang Se-cue Vi~t Nem"c.Ongda bi tau Trung Quoc dam chim rai bOm?C,¢~~~".nen nhan tl/ boigifta bien. Hanh d¢hg do'da noll.en. .tinn phi nhan cae mot cllong quac van van IUOITmom: ..that len hai chft "ho« binh" moi khi co djp dang cj~n .te! ceo h¢i nghi quae te., Hen mo! (hang qua, ke ttr khi gian kbQan HaiDuong 981. cue Ttunq,Quoc ngang nfJlI()Cxem Ian'vung d?c qWen kinh te va tHem luc dia Gua Vi~tNam, chue tuc neo tren vunq bien Hoang Sa cuenuoc ta ngoi nguoi nhilng con-bao-voi-rang tCrcactau hai giam, tau ngll chinh, th?m chi ca tau quan SI/cae Trang Quoc. He;>lien tuc "thai" ve' phia cac nglldan Vi~t Namnhilng tren "cuang phong" khOng chat

. chim tay. NhLfng dang kham phuc thay, nei vui:lgbien d~y song gio ay, chue tuc neo vang bOngnhiln.g .nqu phil can trllong cua chUng tal Bay giO, stj com~t ''cise cec ngll dan, tren vunq bien Hoang Sa d~y .battnk khOng cO,nla ,chuy~n sinh nhai nfta ma ·do laMnh d¢ng xa tban cho sutoen ven cue chiJquyen,'dat nuoc du hiem nguy khi nhilng Mnh d¢ng vannen 'cue Trang Quoc co the CUopdi m~ng song cueCaGngll phil bat cu luc neo.

Tir fJa Nang, tir Ly Son, tu Sa Ky va tir Mng chuccila.,bien khac doc mien. Trung, mOibuoi mei van tapn?p thuyen ve ter vUf}g bien Hoang Sa, van rih¢n.nhip nhilng chuyen hiJi tienn truc chi vunq bien ay.Ra Hoang Sa doi vat Mng veri ngll dan Vi~t Nam tucnay nnu mot sl/ tiep noi nhilng chuyen hai hsntr cisecha ong ta tc Mng tram nem truce. Dong chay aychu« bao gio ngCrngnghi du phai doi m?t vqi bso totet tro! hay phai dllong d~u vo! nhiJilg tham ve;>ngtigong cuang cise nhilng ke da tam. TfJ?t cem d¢ngva cOng th?t ai ng~i thay khi biet r;ang, phan 'IOnnhilng chiec thuyen cua rigll dan Vi~t Nam ra HoangSa deu la tau go, cong suat nhO nhLfng phai dllongd~u vet mot dol tau ca tram, chiec, to vat va, auoctrang bi cac lo~i may moo hi~n d~i cue 'phia TrungQuoc. "fJo la bien cua minh thi minh so gi tau to vasu hung hang cua tl,.libanI". Hai bat cu ngll dan neoda va dang Com?t t~i Hoang Sa ve csm nghTcoe he;>khi phai doi m?t vOihiem nguy cOng deu nh?n auoccsu tra loi nnu V?Y.

NhLfnglong cam dam, sl/xa than vi nghTaIon cuangll dan tuc nay chus du de dam bao m¢t cecn vilngcbac ve ehil quyen /anh h8i me tinh th~n tMp cua nophai auoc su bao boc cue nhftng con tau Mng ttiep.Nhin con tau go nhO nhoi cue to nqu dan fJa Nangbi chim d~n sau ca dam true di~n cae tau TrungQuoc mOi thay het su c~n thiet cae viec trang bi I~i

(Xem tiep trang 2)

VI TO QU6~C,VI CHU NGHTA xA HOI•

~NAMTH(f6750:24

.(2834)

HOI ,NHA VAN VIET N·AM •, ?

THU BAY, 14 -·6 2014

TIENG NOI NHA VAN

.. '~ ..'"

Minh hoe cae vo fJiNH TUAN

cAy SON NG(f:Truy~n ngan cua vO THANH lICH

(Xem trang 20)

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So 24 (14 - 6 -2014)VQnh~ng ~ .17

DIEN DAN LY LuAN, PHE BiNH VAN HQC

Nhil van Bao VU (BV): Toi tin rangnhling cuoc M'p xuc gilta ong voi cac nhavan Vi$t Nam trong dip nay se rat thanmat va day earn thong, vi Vi$t Nam vaAlbania tllng co nhling dac diem tllongdong Vel xa hQi, nhling d~'c diem da anhhLfdngIon den sang tac cua cac nha van.

Nhil thd Gjeke Marinaj (GM): Toi conhieu Iy do de tin rang chuyen di den Vi$tNam se la mQt trong nhling trai nqhiernb6 fch nhat trong cuoc dai toi. Bdi vi dayla Ian d~u tien toi g~p mat mot so nhavan, nha tho va cac ngh$ sl rna cac tacph§m cua ho toi rat qui tronq, Co nhlingnet tLfong dong gilta hai nLfocchUng ta -ch~ng han nhu tinh than hi sinh de bao veT6 quoc', niern tl,f hao va danh du to Ioncua ca nhan va cua dan toe. Trong lichSlf, Vi$t Nam da nhieu Ian 'gianh lai dQcI~p tlt cac wong trieu Trung Hoa, conAlbania tuyen bo dQc I~p khoi de quocOttoman vao nam 1912. Tol se thu napca nhling net khac bi$t va tLfong donggilta hai mroc chunq ta trong chuyenvieng tharn Viet Nam cua minh. Toi biettnroc rang toi s'eyeu thfch thai gian luu tru·dVi$t Nam voi co hQidLf<;1Cg~p gB nhlingtac gia va nhltng ngLfai dan Viet Nam.Trong cac mon h9C lay bang tien sl cuarnlnh d Tnronq d~i h9C Texas tai Dallas,tci da h9Cmot each khai quat ve lich Slf,van hoa va van hoc Viet Nam, va da conhan thuc tot dep ve xa hQi Vi$t Nam. Toida biet long tot va tfnh men khach truyenthong cua nhan dan Vi$t Nam. Toi dadung nhap va chiu anh hLfdngmot phannen van h9Ctruyen mi$ng va van h9Cvietban dia, bao gom ca nen van tho dLfongdai cua Viet Nam.. BV: Th'Lfaong, dLf<;1Cbiet, ong la mot

nha tho va h9C gia danh tieng d My, ratb~n rQn vdi cong vi$c hang nqay nhLfngvan quan tam d~c biet den hien tr~ng vanh9C Albania; v~y, ong c6 nh~n thay sl,fchuyen bien khac thLfang nao cua vanh9Cn6i chung va rieng ve tM Albania ketlt sau bien co nam 1991?

GM: £)a gan mot phan tLf the ky ke tltkhi Albania thay d6i, vdi mQt so ft trLfangh<;lpngo~i 1$,cac nha van va nha tho tainang nhat da sang tac nhling tac ph§mcua m}nh trong thai ky chu nghTacQngsan den nay van la nhling ngLfaitai nangnhat. Tinh hinh cOng v~y trong cac monngh$ thu~t khac. £)ieu nay da lam chongLfaidqc Albania het s({c ng~c nhien. Vi,trong giai do~n "Nen van hqc hi$n thl,fCxahQichu nghTa",hau het mqi ngLfaideu apu y nghTrang, chik phai c6 mQt so nhavan va nha tho c6 tai nang sieu vi$t makhOng dLf<;1Cphep xuat ban cac tac ph§mcua minh. NhLfngdieu d6 khong xay ra dbat ky qui mo dang ke nao ca. Con nlta,sl,ftien bQIdn lao ve van hqc dien ra trong ,nqa sa,uthe ky xx I~i gan Vdi sl,fcao bangdan dan dia vi cua van h9C, trong khi sosach.dLf<;1Cxuat ban da tang len mQtcachm~nh me trong 23 nam qua.

BV: Ong c6 nh~n dinh gi ve sl,ftang soILf<;1ngsach dLf<;1Cin ra ma khong do chatILf<;1ngvan chLfong; va chUng~ta deu bietrang dieu nay khong chi rieng d Albania?

GM: Trong dat nLfdc Albania xa hoichu nghTa,nghe viet van c6 nhling khfchIe to Idn, them vao niemvui dLfoccam butvi so ngLfaid9Cchung va rieng' cua ngLfaiviet. Chfnh the trLfdc day cua Albania datrao tif\ng danh hi$u "nha van chuyennghi$p" cho nhieu tac gia; chfnh phu cungcap cho hq mQtkhoan ILfongthang h<;1pIy,can hQ d nhling thanh pho Idn va cO hQide trd th~mh thanh vien cua h$ thongchfnh trio Sach cua ho dLfOCxuat bannhieu la'n bdi cac nha' bien' t~p chuyennghi$p, dLf<;1Cin an va phan phoi tdi m9iclfa hang sach va thLf vi$n d khap canLfdcma h9 khong phai mat mQtchut chiphf nao. Nhling thu~n l<;1inay, bao gom cahinh anh' dLf<;1CIy tLfdng hoa ve nha van,gay cam hltng khong chi cho cac nha vanchuyen nghi$p them t~p tr,ung vao congvi$c cua minh, ma cho ca nhling tai nangtre muon dLf<;1Ctrd thanh nha van, nhatho. Trong 23 nam qua dLfdi chfnh themdi, hinh anh dLf<;1CIy tLfdng hoa cua nhavan chuyen nghi$p trong thai ky xa hQichu nghTa da khong mat di tam quan

",' ?"HO VIET CHI VI

•

HO LA NHA VAN • • ••GJeke M'!rinaj, nns tho; djch gia, tien sl van hoc, nha phe binh'van hoc

ngU'&iMy goc Albania dii co m~t tf!i Vi~t Nam nhan djp ra mat ban djch cua ongtir. tieng Anh sang tieng Albania t~p tho "NhiIng nguyen an,:1trong sLfdng sdm"cua nha thoMai Van Phiin. Trutic khi sang Vi~t Nam, GJeke Marinaj dii co cuoctro truy~n qua email va; nn« van Biio va.

Albania nam i1 fJong Nam chau Au, ben b& fJja TrungHai. Nam 1944 nhanuac C9n9 ho« Nhan dan Albania thenh I~p do Enver Hoxha, Tong Bf thLffJang'Lao d9n9 (fJang C9n9 san) liinh df!o. Nam 1991, chfnh the Xii h9i chu nghlaAlbania slJP do' cimg va; h~ thong XHCN fJong Au.

tronq, nhLfng, toi xin loi phai n6i, lai hoantoan mat di nhling l<;1ifch nhLfvua k~. Hi$nnay van hqc chi c6 gia tri van chLfong,nhling nha van tai nang cOng la nhlingnha van c6 tinh than hy sinh thai gian cuaminh vao vi$c viet sach, cung vdi khoanthu nh~p ca nhan va thLfang xuyen cuagia dinh de xuat ban sach - nhltng cuonsach nay trong hau het cac trLfang h<;1psekhOngdLf<;1Cphan phoi d ben ngoai thanhpho ma h9 dang d, va ket qua la se khOngkiem dLfocm6n tien Idn nacoca. Ho vietchi vi ho'la nha van va d6 la dieu ma hophai lam. Tuy nhien, nhling nha van d6chi chiem vao khoang mQtnlfa so tac giaAlbania dLfongd~i c6 tac ph§m dLf<;1Cxuatban. Con mQtnlfa kia bao gom nhling tacgia khong phai aLfocdao tao mot cach baiban, khong ~6 sl,fd~y do c~n thiet de phathuy tinh than trach nhi$m quoc gia vatrach nhi$m lam ngLfai cua mQt nha van,h9 viet khong phai vi h9 la nha van ma vih9 co mQtdieu gl d6 -:-dieu ma h9 coi laquan tr9ng - phai n6i ra.

BV: £)ieu ong vua n6i ve gioi vanchLfong d Albania rat thu vi va kha trungh<;1pvdi Vi$t Nam mQt thai. Chung toidang co gang hQi nh~p vdi van chLfongthe gidi, hap thu nhling dieu mdi me tienbQva rObo nhling gi dLf<;1Ccoi la phi vanchLfong.Theo quan sat cua ong, hien naytrong,nen van h9c Albania c6 trao Iltu vanh9c nao t~o dLf<;1Canh hLfdng mang tamthe gidi?

GM: Cai }ot d~p nhat trong nen thoAlbania d cho n6 la nen tho mang tam thegidi. Trong khi tho ca con dLfoccoi la mothanh vi .sang t~o cO ban sil dl,mg d~nngon nglt, tfnh dif\c thu cua n6 dang bithach th({c bdi mQt 9ua trinh lo~i tru honla mot' qua trinh doi moi. Cac nha tMAlbania van slf dl,mg cac hinh thai tho cada d~ng, cac phLfong phap dien ta t~omot khac biet ve tr-inh do de hieu tacph'§m, nhLfng'c6 du chltng e({ rang, chamrai nhLfngchac chan, h9 dang gia tlt rr,Qtso phong cach tho ma nhling the he trLfdcday slf dl,lng. MQt cUQCgia tlt nhLf'the la~l,ftlt bo khuynh hLfdng bf §n cua tho ca.O' Albania' trLfdc kia, c6 mot xu hLfdngsang tac tho bf §n va I~p 10'c6 the dLf<;1Cxem nhLfmang bai y nghTarieng bi$t. XuhLfdng do tiep tl,lCcho den khi chlnh themoi radai. Trong 23 nam sau day, nhucau ve lo~i tho §n y da bi lo~i tru. Cac van

qucc te Man Booker (2005), va phanthLfdng Prince of Asturias ve van hoc(2009) d~ can err vao nhling tac ph§'mcua Kadare xuat ban dLfdithai Hoxha rnakhong can xet den nhling tac ph§m ongta sang tac sau khi rai khoi Albania. IsmailKadare la mot ngLf~iyeu que hLfongminhva yeu nhan loai, Ong ta la ngLfai c6 thesang tao nhu la mot nha van tai gioi vasuy nghTnhu mot triet gia n6i tieng. Trongnhling canh huong vo cung kho khan,ong ay la mot nha van da dang hien toanbo trl tue cua rninh cho sir hoan thien cuacon ngLiai. Toi nghT, Ismail Kadare xungdang dLf<;1Cgiai thLfdng Nobel vi, nhlingcong hien cua minh cho nen van h9CAlbania va the gidi.

BV: Ve nha tho Mai Van Phan cuaVi$t Nam, den nay tho cua Mai Van Phanda VLf<;1tra kha xa dat ruroc rninh, dLf<;1Cdich sang cac ngon nglt Anh, Phap,Indonesia, Han quoc, Dan Mach, Thuy ST,Thai Lan... va Albania.

GM: Toi se rat vui mllng dLf<;1Cg~p MaiVan Phan khi Ian dau den Viet Nam, vaodau thang 6 nay.Hy vonqcua toi la dLf<;1Ctnrc tiep chuyen tro vol Mai Van Phan nhuchunq toi da tllng chuyen tro qua email venhling bai tho cua Phan. Trong thai giantoi h9C lay bang tien sTve van h9Cva vanhoa Vi$t Nam, ngLfai thay cua toi la giao

nan ve ~hfnh tr], kinh te va xa hoi truyen su Frederick Turner da gidi thieu tho cuathong van ton t~i dLfdi nhling hinh thai Mai Van Phan vdi toi: Tac ph§m cua Mai'khac, nhLfng cac chfnh khach trd nen Van Phan de I~i trong toi an tLf<;1ngrangthanh th~o hon khi phe phan, xuc ph~m, ong ta da hoan thanh thien ch({c nha thothoa m~, de dqa, va che gieu Ian nhau cua minh, la noi len sl,fth~t vdi mQtphongtrong nghi vi$n, tren truyen hinh, trong cach rat tho. £)0 la sLf that ve cuoc daicac chien dich tai clf. Ho khien cho cac rieng cua nha tho va cUQCdai cua d~n tQcnha tho theo khuynh hLfdhgbf §n chi nhLf Vi$t Nam ma ong yeu men. £)ieu d6 danhling tay nghi$p dLf loi thai. Ngoai ra, ma~g I~i cam hltng cho toi khi dich vacac nha tho dLfong thai da chia tay voi xuat ban mQtt~p tho cua ong sang tiengnhling bai tho dai, vdi nhling bai tho phan Albania, mQt trach nhi$m day thach thucdoi, vdi cac bai tho c6 van cuoi cau, cac va cOng day be>fch. TM Mai Van Phankh6 tho bon cau truyen thong ke mQtcau dien ta mQtcach sinh dQngtrong trf tLfdngchuy$n theo loi slf thi. Tho van xuoi, hay tLf<;1ngcua toi ve mQt Vi$t Nam tLfoi'd~pla th({ ma chung ta slf dl,lng de gqi nhling Vdi tat ca tinh yeu va long men khach,phac thao thO, cOng da hoan toan khon~ niem tLfhao va dOngkhf cua minh khi tiendLf<;1Cyeu thfch nlta. Cac xu hLfdng bo den m9t tLfong lai tLfoi sang hon. Nhlingsung bao gom vi$c sang t~o ra mQt lo~i bai tM cua Mai Van Phan da thoi thUc toi

" tho c6 ngon nglt co d9n9 va nang cao, sang tham Vi$t Nam, de co cO hQi dLf<;1CmQt lo~i tho doi ngLfai d9C co mQt kien g~p Phancung cac nha tM dong nghi$pthac sau rQng de hieu. M~c du ngLfai cua ong, nhling ngLfai ma nha tho danhAlbania dLf<;1Cdao t~o rat tot, phong cach gia cao trong nhling cuoc chuyen tro vditrf tu$ cao cua tho dLfangnhLfda lam cho toi qua'thLf dien tlf. Mai 'van Ph§:n la motdong dao ngLfai d9C tho d, tranh xa n6. nha tM mang tam the gidi va nhling b~iM~t khac, tho trlt tJnh d~i chung het suc tho cua ong dang dLf<;1Cd9C I~i Ian nlta vdiph6 bien. nhling ai quan tam den tho ca hi$n nay.

BV: Xin n6i them ve van hoc Albania. BV~Co d~i Hy L~p, roi thgi trung c6 dChung toi c6 biet den nha van Ismail chau Au, ngLfai ta cong dien tho trLfdcKadare cua Albania qua tac ph§m "Vien dam dong dLfdi hinh thuc kich tho, d9Ctll{Jng, cua d?o qUEm chet" va mQt so tac thO, ltng tac tM. Nhling nam gan day dph§m khac cua ong da dLf<;1Cchuyen sang Vi$t Nam chung toi co ngay HQiTho dLf<;1CVi$t nglt. Kadare da do~t giai Man Booker Clf hanh d Van Mieu, - Ha NQi. NhLfn(1va dV<;1Ccoi la mQt ltng Clf vien trien v9ng khong ft ngLfai cho rang tM khong thecua giai Nobel, khien ten tu6i cua ong boc 10mot cach on ao.khong chi dV<;1cbiet den d Albania. . GM: roi rat thfch dieu d6. Chfnh chat

GM: Neu chung ta phai xep h~ng ILfgngcua tM va tai ngh$ cua ngLfaibieuIsmail Kadare, ong ta se dLfOCcoi la mot dien se kfch thfch sl,f chu y cua khan gianha van kieu, mau cua chu' nghTa cQn'g va xac dinh xem tho ca dLfdisLfcan nhacsan mang hon cot Albania, ch({ khong danh gi~ s~ bieu IQ la mQt co'ng cl,l tri$tphaila mQt ngLf~i Phap hay la mQt san tieu tieng on hay la cong cu phat sinhpham quoc te. Ong ay dLf<;1Csinh ra d Mng on. NhLfng doi vdi ca nhan toi, v~cung thanh pho vdi cl/U lanh tl,l Enver mif\ttho ca, chi rieng vi$c dLf<;1CbLfdCchanHoxha; dLf<;1Cgiao ql,lCt~i trLfang d~i h9C vao Van Mieu cOngda dat den dinhdiemmang ten Hoxha. Ong dLfoc Hoxha cho niem vui Idn nhat tr.ong t6i roi. Toi se coiphep tiep tyc h9Ct~p d Nga',dat nLfocque giay phUt dif\CbiE;ltd6 nhLfla khoangcachhLfongcua chu nghTacQngsan. Trong cac ngan nhat gilta toi vdi Chua Trai. Va chitac pham cua Ismail Kadare, c6 cuon ri~ng vi~c dl19.c.b~dC?vao.Van,Mieu~dLf(;~C"Vien tl1rJng cua d?o qUEm chef" ma ong v~y quanh?bOI,I!cn s~ phi t~.Lfongc~a no,vua de c~p, do la mQt trong nhling cuon "..ad~<;1ctr~ .thanh ~9t ~gLfol,dl,fk~~'1hay,tieu thuyet hay nhat ong ay da viet dLfdi'\ la mqt ~gLfOItham gl~ vao '!19tbU?1Ie H?Ithai Hoxha. Kadare da trd thanh mot TM? se !hu h,~p,.I~I k~oan~, cac:~ do,trong nhling nM van tai nang the gi8i khoan~ ca~h vdl da..ngMa~ nhu~mt~1cao,'dLfOis-l/giam sat cua Hoxha. Hau het cac By. Cam On ong da tham gla trogiai van h9C Idn cua ong ay, 'ke ca giai chuy~n .•Prix mondial Cino Del Duca (1992), giai PH~M BiNH djch tct Anh ngiJ

Nha tha HfIu Thinh, eM tich H¢i Nha van Vi~t Nam tiep Nh« tho Gjeke Marinaj ,